Shaft non-explosion vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on formed underground structure cavern

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical shaft non-explosion vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on a formed underground structure cavern, which comprises the following steps: S1, excavating the underground structure cavern to the lower part of a hard rock area where a vertical shaft is located; S2, cutting off rock mass in the middle of the hard rock area by using a wire saw cutting machine to form a free face, the cut middle rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern; s3, upper rock masses on the two sides are cut through a wire saw cutting machine to be separated from surrounding rock masses, lower rock masses on the two sides are reserved, and the height of the lower rock masses is smaller than the clearance height of the underground structure cavern; s4, the upper rock mass is hoisted out of the vertical shaft after being subjected to layered splitting; s5, the lower rock masses on the two sides are cut through a rope saw cutting machine, and the cut lower rock masses fall into the underground structure cavern; and S6, the lower rock mass and the middle rock mass falling into the underground structure cavern are conveyed out of the underground structure cavern after being subjected to layered splitting. According to the method, disturbance of excavation to the rock mass is reduced, and the hard rock stratum excavation efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shaft construction. More particularly, the present application relates to a non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method for a shaft based on a formed underground structure cavern. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid advancement of major infrastructure construction in China, such as urban rail transit projects, underground energy storage projects, municipal projects, water conservancy projects, bridge projects, submarine tunnel projects, underground storage projects, cross-sea channels, offshore wharfs, offshore wind power, and the like, a large number of engineering projects involving shafts have sensitive surrounding environments and often face complex geological conditions of hard rock layers, high rock hardness, and strong integrity. The traditional blasting excavation method is greatly constrained by the surrounding sensitive environment, and the vibration and impact generated by blasting can easily cause cracking and collapse of sensitive areas such as surrounding buildings, and the like. Moreover, the blasting approval process is complicated, and the construction risk is high, making it difficult to meet the requirements of environmental protection and construction period control. The existing single non-explosive excavation method (such as conventional mechanical cutting, hydraulic splitting, mechanical crushing, and static expansion) generally has low efficiency and insufficient adaptability in hard rock sections of shafts due to the lack of an air space, and cannot meet the actual needs of rapid construction. SUMMARY

[0003] An object of the present application is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.

[0004] To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present application, a non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method for a shaft based on a formed underground structure cavern is provided, comprising the following steps: S1, excavating an underground structure cavern to below a hard rock area where the shaft is located: S2, cutting the middle part of the rock mass of the hard rock area using a rope saw cutting machine to form an air space in the hard rock area, and the cut middle part of the rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern; S3, cutting the upper rock mass on both sides of the hard rock area using a rope saw cutting machine to separate it from the surrounding rock mass, and leaving the lower rock mass on both sides, and the height of the lower rock mass is less than the clear height of the underground structure cavern; S4, hoisting out of the shaft after layering and splitting the upper rock mass cut and separated in step S3; S5, cutting the lower rock mass on both sides left in step S3 using a rope saw cutting machine, and the cut lower rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern; S6, transporting out of the underground structure cavern after layering and splitting the lower rock mass and the middle part of the rock mass that fall into the underground structure cavern.

[0005] Preferably, in steps S2 and S3, before cutting, according to the cutting range, the guide holes required for the construction of the wire saw chain are first drilled, and the outer inclined angle of each guide hole is 2-3°.

[0006] Preferably, in step S2, the vertical section of the intermediate rock mass cut off is a trapezoid with a wide bottom and a narrow top.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3, when the guide hole construction is performed, split holes are simultaneously drilled in the upper rock mass to be cut; and then in step S4, the hydraulic splitting machine is used for layer-by-layer splitting.

[0008] Preferably, in step S4, if the size of the upper rock mass after splitting is small, the rock mass is lifted out of the shaft by the crawler crane through the hopper; if the size of the upper rock mass after splitting is large, inclined holes symmetric about the center of the rock mass are drilled on the surface of the rock mass, then steel wedges are inserted into the inclined holes, a clasp is connected to the steel wedges on both sides through a steel wire rope, and then the rock mass is lifted off the ground to the hopper next to it by the crawler crane, and finally the rock mass is lifted out of the shaft by the crawler crane through the hopper.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the crawler-type wire saw cutting machine is used to cut the intermediate rock mass from below; in step S3, the crawler-type wire saw cutting machine is used to cut the upper rock mass from above; and in step S5, the crawler-type wire saw cutting machine is used to cut the remaining lower rock mass.

[0010] The present application at least includes the following beneficial effects: The vertical shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on the shaped underground structure cavern provided by the present application avoids the vibration and shock wave risks caused by blasting construction, and reduces the construction safety control difficulty in sensitive areas. By actively creating a free surface and cutting the upper and lower rock masses, the disturbance of excavation to the rock mass is reduced, the hard rock layer excavation efficiency is improved, and the vertical shaft construction period is shortened; the complicated approval process and high-risk control cost of blasting construction are saved, and the vertical shaft finishing and rework processes are avoided.

[0011] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, and will be understood by those skilled in the art through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a side view of the structure of the hard rock area where the underground structure cavern and the vertical shaft are located in the vertical shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on the shaped underground structure cavern according to the present application; Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a top view of the hard rock area where the underground structure cavern and the vertical shaft are located in the vertical shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on the shaped underground structure cavern according to the present application; Figure 1 Fig. 3 is a side view of the intermediate rock mass in the vertical shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on the shaped underground structure cavern according to the present application. Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a side view of the intermediate rock mass in the vertical shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on the shaped underground structure cavern according to the present application. Figure 4 Position distribution diagram of holes needed for cutting the middle part rock mass of the application; Figure 5 Cutting sequence diagram of the middle part rock mass of the application; Figure 6 Side structure diagram of the middle part rock mass of the application after falling into the underground structure cavern; Figure 7 Position distribution diagram of holes needed for cutting the upper rock mass of the application; Figure 8 Position diagram of the steel wedge in step S4 of the application; Figure 9 Side structure diagram of the lower rock mass of the application after cutting and transporting out of the shaft; Figure 10 Splitting sequence and direction diagram of the lower rock mass and the middle part rock mass of the application after falling into the underground structure cavern in step S5 of the application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The application will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description and drawings.

[0014] It should be noted that the experimental methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified; in the description of the application, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application.

[0015] As shown in Figures 1 to 10 The application provides a vertical shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on a shaped underground structure cavern, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1, excavating the underground structure cavern to below the hard rock area where the vertical shaft is located: S2, cutting the middle part rock mass of the hard rock area with a rope saw cutting machine to form a free surface P in the hard rock area, and the cut middle part rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern; S3, cutting the upper rock mass on both sides of the hard rock area with a rope saw cutting machine to separate it from the surrounding rock mass, leaving the lower rock mass on both sides, and the height of the lower rock mass is less than the net height of the underground structure cavern; S4, cutting and separating the upper rock mass of step S3, after layering and splitting, hoisting out of the shaft; S5, cutting the lower rock mass of the two sides reserved in step S3 by using a rope saw cutting machine, and the cut lower rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern; S6, after layering and splitting, the lower rock mass and the intermediate part rock mass falling into the underground structure cavern are transported out of the underground structure cavern.

[0016] In this technical solution, the hard rock area 2 where the underground structure cavern 1 and the shaft are located is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 ; first, make full use of the underground structure cavern 1 at the bottom of the shaft, and cut the intermediate part rock mass 21 directly above the top of the underground structure cavern 1 in the shaft by using a rope saw, after the cutting is completed, the intermediate part rock mass 21 freely falls into the underground structure cavern 1, thereby forming a free face P in the upper part; then, the remaining rock mass is cut by using the free face P. The shaft non-explosive vibration reduction rapid excavation method based on the formed underground structure cavern actively creates a free face, which provides space and direction for the deformation, fracture and peeling of the rock mass during subsequent cutting, effectively reduces the cutting resistance of the subsequent rock mass, and avoids the sudden and violent release of stress during subsequent cutting. In step S1, first, the underground structure cavern 1 is excavated to the lower part of the hard rock area 2 where the shaft is located, and after the excavation is completed, it is shown in Figure 1 .

[0017] In step S2, before cutting, according to the cutting range, the guide holes 3 required for threading the rope saw chain are constructed, the outer inclined angle of the hole position of each guide hole 3 is 2-3°, so as to facilitate threading and guiding the rope, at the same time, a natural retreat space is formed to avoid the occurrence of rope jamming during cutting and reduce the risk of jamming; the hole position of each guide hole 3 is shown in Figure 4 . The diamond chain required for rope saw cutting is threaded into the underground structure cavern 1 through the guide hole 3, and the operator connects and fixes the guide rope with the diamond chain in the underground structure cavern 1; then, a crawler-type rope saw cutting machine is used to cut the intermediate part rock mass 21 directly, the direct cutting is the same as the best working direction of the diamond particles on the diamond chain, which is usually the factory calibration direction. When cutting, pay attention to the bottom width and the top narrowness to form the intermediate part rock mass 21 with a vertical section in the shape of a trapezoid, as shown in Figure 5 , the specific cutting sequence is 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2, 4. After cutting is completed, the intermediate part rock mass 21 freely falls into the underground structure cavern 1, as shown in Figure 6 , and the broken rock mass is transported out of the underground structure cavern 1.

[0018] In step S3, the upper rock mass 22 on both sides of the hard rock area is cut by using a rope saw cutting machine, as shown in Figure 7As shown, first, the construction of the hole 3 is carried out, and the wedge hole 4 is drilled on the upper rock mass 22 to be cut at the same time; then the upper rock mass 22 on both sides is cut by the reverse cutting of the crawler-type rope saw cutting machine, so that it is separated from the surrounding rock mass; the reverse cutting is the same as the best working direction of the diamond particles on the diamond chain, and the movement direction of the cutting rope is opposite. The flexibility of the reverse cutting is used to cut in the narrow space of the free face. As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, in order to ensure the safety of construction, the lower rock mass 23 is not cut and separated from the surrounding rock mass when the upper rock mass 22 is cut, and the height h of the lower rock mass 23 is controlled to be less than the net height H of the underground structure cavern 1.

[0019] In step S4, the upper rock mass 22 cut and separated in step S3 is put into the wedge hole 4 drilled in advance by the wedge rod of the hydraulic wedge machine in sequence, and the wedge direction is shown by the arrow in Figure 7 If the size of the upper rock mass 22 after wedge is small, it is hoisted out of the shaft by the crawler crane through the hopper; if the size of the upper rock mass 22 after wedge is large, as shown in Figure 8 , the inclined hole symmetrical about the center of the rock mass is drilled on the surface of the rock mass after wedge, then the steel wedge 5 is inserted into the inclined hole, the steel wire rope 6 is connected with the clamping ring 7 and the steel wedge 5 on both sides, and then the rock mass is hoisted off the ground to the hopper next to it by the crawler crane, and finally it is hoisted out of the shaft by the crawler crane through the hopper.

[0020] In step S5, the lower rock mass 23 on both sides reserved in step S3 is cut by the crawler-type rope saw cutting machine, so that it is separated from the surrounding rock mass and freely falls into the underground structure cavern 1; as shown in Figure 10 , the lower rock mass 23 and the middle part rock mass 21 falling into the underground structure cavern 1 are sequentially subjected to the layered wedge by the hydraulic wedge machine, and the layered wedge direction is shown by the arrow in Figure 10 , which is towards the outlet direction of the underground structure cavern 1; the broken rock mass after wedge is transported out of the underground structure cavern 1, and the rapid excavation of the shaft is completed.

[0021] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the application listed in the specification and the embodiments, and can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application, and other modifications can be easily realized by those skilled in the art, therefore the present application is not limited to the specific details and the figures shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A method for rapid, non-explosive, vibration-damping excavation of vertical shafts based on pre-formed underground cavern structures, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Excavate the underground structural cavern to below the hard rock zone where the shaft is located: S2. Use a wire saw to cut off the middle part of the rock mass in the hard rock area, forming an open surface in the hard rock area, and the cut-off middle part of the rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern. S3. Use a wire saw to cut the upper rock mass on both sides of the hard rock area to separate it from the surrounding rock mass, while keeping the lower rock mass on both sides, and the height of the lower rock mass is less than the net height of the underground structure cavern. S4. The upper rock mass cut and separated in step S3 is split into layers and then hoisted out of the shaft. S5. Use a wire saw to cut the lower rock mass on both sides that were retained in step S3. The cut lower rock mass falls into the underground structure cavern. S6. The lower and middle rock masses that have fallen into the underground structure cavern are split into layers and then transported out of the underground structure cavern.

2. The method for rapid, non-explosive, vibration-damping excavation of vertical shafts based on pre-formed underground structure caverns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In steps S2 and S3, before cutting, the required pilot holes for threading the wire saw chain are constructed according to the cutting range, and the outer bevel angle of each pilot hole is 2~3°.

3. The method for rapid, non-explosive, vibration-damping excavation of vertical shafts based on pre-formed underground structure caverns as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The vertical cross-section of the middle rock mass cut out in step S2 is a trapezoid with a wider base and a narrower top.

4. The method for rapid, non-explosive, vibration-damping excavation of vertical shafts based on pre-formed underground structure caverns as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, while drilling the pilot hole, splitting holes are simultaneously drilled in the upper rock mass to be cut; then in step S4, a hydraulic splitter is used to split the rock in layers.

5. The method for rapid, non-explosive, vibration-damping excavation of vertical shafts based on pre-formed underground structure caverns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, if the size of the upper rock block after splitting is small, it is transported out of the shaft by a crawler crane through a hopper; if the size of the upper rock block after splitting is large, symmetrical inclined holes about the center of the rock block are drilled on the surface of the split rock block, and then steel wedges are inserted into the inclined holes. The shackles and the steel wedges on both sides are connected by steel wire ropes, and then the crawler crane lifts the rock block off the ground to the hopper next to it, and then the crawler crane transports it out of the shaft through the hopper.

6. The method for rapid, non-explosive, vibration-damping excavation of vertical shafts based on pre-formed underground structure caverns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a tracked wire saw is used to cut the middle part of the rock mass from the bottom; in step S3, a tracked wire saw is used to cut the upper part of the rock mass from the bottom; in step S5, a tracked wire saw is used to cut the remaining lower part of the rock mass from the bottom.

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