Safety management and power control method and system for multi-module distributed energy storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety management and power control method and system for multi-module distributed energy storage, and the method comprises the steps: executing a module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism, judging whether an operation parameter exceeds a safety range or not, if yes, executing a safety interlocking and event response triggering mechanism, and if not, executing a module available evaluation model, judging whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than an availability threshold, if so, bringing the energy storage module into an available module set and executing dynamic power allocation, and if not, marking that the energy storage module is unavailable; a system-level voltage self-adaptive control model is set, when the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the node voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased; after the control is completed, judging whether an operation constraint and a security constraint are met or not; the system has the advantages that the system has a module-level safety self-management mechanism and a power self-adaptive adjustment capability, the system safety is ensured, and the overall operation efficiency and reliability are high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of distributed energy storage and power system control, in particular to a safety management and power control method and system for multi-module distributed energy storage. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the large-scale integration of renewable energy (such as photovoltaic, wind power, etc.) in the distribution network, the power fluctuation and operation uncertainty of the power system have significantly increased. In order to improve the flexibility and stability of the system, distributed energy storage systems (DESS) are widely used in peak shaving, voltage support, frequency regulation and emergency power supply scenarios. However, traditional energy storage systems mostly use centralized control structure, and the core controller is responsible for the charge and discharge scheduling and safety protection of all energy storage units. This mode has obvious limitations in multi-module scenarios: on the one hand, there are differences in capacity, aging degree, temperature and state of charge (SOC) among different energy storage modules, and centralized control is difficult to respond to the safety constraints of each module in real time, which may cause safety hazards such as overcharging, overdischarging and thermal runaway; on the other hand, the centralized communication and control structure is complex, and the real-time performance and robustness are insufficient, which cannot meet the rapid dynamic regulation requirements in high penetration scenarios of new energy.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, in recent years, distributed energy storage collaborative control and modular energy storage architecture have emerged, for example, the distributed energy storage control method disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN112491057A aims to eliminate the voltage overrun of the distribution network node. However, the existing solutions mostly focus on energy scheduling optimization or voltage control, and lack of module-level safety self-management mechanism and power adaptive regulation capability. Specifically, most methods in the prior art treat all energy storage units as an equivalent whole, ignoring the differences in state of health (SOH), thermal characteristics and working boundaries of individual batteries, which leads to uneven energy distribution, efficiency decline and serious imbalance of individual batteries in long-term operation. At the same time, some safety control methods rely on external communication network or central coordination center, and once the communication is interrupted, the system safety protection function will fail. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new control method that can realize adaptive safety protection and power coordination and distribution at the module level, to improve the overall operation efficiency and reliability of the distributed energy storage system while ensuring system safety. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is that the existing distributed energy storage control method lacks module-level safety self-management mechanism and power adaptive regulation capability, which makes it difficult to ensure system safety and has low overall operation efficiency and reliability.

[0005] This invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means: a method for safety management and power control of multi-module distributed energy storage, comprising: S1. Monitor the operating parameters of each energy storage module in the distributed energy storage system in real time, execute the module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism, and determine whether the operating parameters exceed the safety range. If so, execute S2; otherwise, execute S3. S2. Trigger safety interlock and event response mechanism: If the energy storage module is detected to exceed the limit N times in a row, it will be automatically triggered, the energy storage module will be disconnected, the fault will be reported, the remaining energy storage modules will be reordered for charging and discharging, and hot backup or derated operation will be started. S3. Construct a module availability assessment model to evaluate the availability of energy storage modules. Determine whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than the availability threshold. If yes, include the energy storage module in the set of available modules and execute S4. If no, mark the energy storage module as unavailable and exclude it from the power allocation range. S4. Dynamic power allocation: If there is a power shortage at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for discharge power in descending order of power, so that the energy storage modules with higher power can handle higher discharge power requirements; if there is a power overflow at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for charging power in ascending order of power, so that the energy storage modules with lower power can handle higher charging power requirements. S5. Set up a system-level voltage adaptive control model. When the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased. S6. After the above control is completed, determine whether the operation constraints and safety constraints are met. If yes, maintain the current control strategy and return to S1 for continuous monitoring. If no, adjust the charging and discharging power of the energy storage module until the operation constraints and safety constraints are met again.

[0006] This invention establishes a module-level safety threshold judgment and availability screening mechanism, enabling real-time monitoring of key operating parameters of each energy storage module. When the operating status of an energy storage module exceeds the safe range, the system automatically executes derating or disconnection control, effectively preventing overcharging, over-discharging, and thermal runaway risks, achieving module-level proactive safety protection. Simultaneously, it prioritizes the discharge power of each energy storage module, allowing modules with higher charge levels to handle higher discharge power demands, and prioritizes the charging power, allowing modules with lower charge levels at a given node to handle higher charging power demands. Charging and discharging power are set according to these priorities, and when the node voltage rises, the energy storage module power is automatically reduced; when the voltage drops, the energy storage module power is increased, achieving dynamic power adjustment. The overall system possesses a module-level safety self-management mechanism and adaptive power adjustment capability, improving the overall operating efficiency and reliability of the distributed energy storage system while ensuring system safety.

[0007] Furthermore, the module-level security threshold determination mechanism includes:

[0008]

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] in, For energy storage modules u The core temperature, and These are the upper and lower limits of the core temperature of the energy storage module; For energy storage modules u voltage, and These are the upper and lower limits of the energy storage module voltage; For energy storage modules u The discharge current; and For energy storage modules u The upper and lower limits of the discharge current; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. For energy storage modules u The state of charge.

[0012] Furthermore, the module can be used to evaluate models, including:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017] in, , and These are the weighting coefficients. This indicates the degree to which the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the temperature state of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability; For reference temperature; For energy storage modules u Availability value; For energy storage modules u The equivalent internal resistance, and For the set energy storage module u Upper and lower limits of internal resistance; For energy storage modules u The availability threshold, when Then the energy storage module u It will be unavailable.

[0018] Furthermore, the system-level voltage adaptive control model includes:

[0019] in, For energy storage modules u The adjusted output power Represented as energy storage module u Rated output power, For energy storage modules u At the access node i The voltage on; Rated voltage; This is the voltage regulation coefficient.

[0020] Furthermore, the operational constraints include:

[0021] in, and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging active power; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The reactive power of charging and discharging; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging status indicator shows that a value of 1 indicates charging or discharging, while a value of 0 indicates no operation. and These are the upper limits of the charging and discharging active power of the energy storage module, respectively; and These are the upper limits of the reactive power for charging and discharging the energy storage module, respectively. and These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage module, respectively. For the energy storage module at time t u electrical energy, and These represent the upper and lower limits of the electrical energy of the energy storage module, respectively. For time intervals.

[0022] Furthermore, the security constraints include:

[0023]

[0024]

[0025]

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029]

[0030]

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] in, For energy storage modules u exist State of charge at time t, For energy storage modules exist The state of charge at any given moment; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. , and All are intermediate variables for charging and discharging, and M is a sufficiently large positive number used to linearize the logic conditions; (10 -4 10 -6 ) is a very small positive number, ensuring that the logical "strictly less than" is correct when converted to linear form.

[0034] This invention also provides a safety management and power control system for multi-module distributed energy storage, including: The operation parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the operation parameters of each energy storage module in the distributed energy storage system in real time, execute the module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism to determine whether the operation parameters exceed the safety range. If so, the safety interlock and event response module is executed; otherwise, the availability judgment module is executed. The safety interlock and event response module is used to trigger the safety interlock and event response mechanism. If the energy storage module is detected to exceed the limit N times in a row, it will be automatically triggered, the energy storage module will be disconnected, the fault will be reported, and hot backup or derated operation will be started. The availability judgment module is used to build a module availability assessment model for evaluating the availability of energy storage modules. It determines whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than the availability threshold. If so, the energy storage module is included in the set of available modules and the power allocation module is executed. If not, the energy storage module is marked as unavailable and excluded from the power allocation range. The power distribution module is used for dynamic power distribution. If there is a power shortage at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for discharge power in descending order of their power levels, so that the energy storage modules with higher power levels can handle higher discharge power demands. If there is a power overflow at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for charging power in ascending order of their power levels, so that the energy storage modules with lower power levels can handle higher charging power demands. The voltage adaptive control module is used to set up a system-level voltage adaptive control model. When the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased. The constraint judgment module is used to determine whether the operation constraints and safety constraints are met after the above control is completed. If so, the current control strategy is maintained and the operation parameter monitoring module is returned to continue monitoring. If not, the charging and discharging power of the energy storage module is adjusted until the operation constraints and safety constraints are re-verified.

[0035] Furthermore, the module-level security threshold determination mechanism includes:

[0036]

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] in, For energy storage modules u The core temperature, and These are the upper and lower limits of the core temperature of the energy storage module; For energy storage modules u voltage, and These are the upper and lower limits of the energy storage module voltage; For energy storage modules u The discharge current; and For energy storage modules u The upper and lower limits of the discharge current; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. For energy storage modules u The state of charge.

[0040] Furthermore, the module can be used to evaluate models, including:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] in, , and These are the weighting coefficients. This indicates the degree to which the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the temperature state of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability; For reference temperature; For energy storage modules u Availability value; For energy storage modules u The equivalent internal resistance, and For the set energy storage module u Upper and lower limits of internal resistance; For energy storage modules uThe availability threshold, when Then the energy storage module u It will be unavailable.

[0046] Furthermore, the system-level voltage adaptive control model includes:

[0047] in, For energy storage modules u The adjusted output power Represented as energy storage module u Rated output power, For energy storage modules u At the access node i The voltage on; Rated voltage; This is the voltage regulation coefficient.

[0048] Furthermore, the operational constraints include:

[0049] in, and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging active power; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging reactive power; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging status indicator shows that a value of 1 indicates charging or discharging, while a value of 0 indicates no operation. and These are the upper limits of the charging and discharging active power of the energy storage module, respectively; and These are the upper limits of the charging and discharging reactive power of the energy storage module, respectively. and These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage module, respectively. For the energy storage module at time t u electrical energy, and These represent the upper and lower limits of the electrical energy of the energy storage module, respectively. For time intervals.

[0050] Furthermore, the security constraints include:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] in, For energy storage modules u exist State of charge at time t, For energy storage modules exist The state of charge at any given moment; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. , and All are intermediate variables in the charging and discharging process. Let it be a preset positive number. Represents another pre-defined positive number. Less than .

[0062] The advantages of this invention are: (1) This invention establishes a module-level safety threshold judgment and availability screening mechanism, which can detect the key operating parameters of each energy storage module in real time. When the operating state of the energy storage module exceeds the safe range, the system automatically performs derating or disconnection control, effectively preventing overcharging, over-discharging and thermal runaway risks, and realizing module-level active safety protection. At the same time, the discharge power priority is sorted for each energy storage module, so that the energy storage module with higher charge can undertake higher discharge power demand, and the charging power priority is sorted, so that the energy storage module with lower charge can undertake higher charging power demand. The charging and discharging power is set according to the above priorities, and when the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased, realizing dynamic power adjustment of the whole system. The whole system has a module-level safety self-management mechanism and power adaptive adjustment capability, which improves the overall operating efficiency and reliability of the distributed energy storage system while ensuring system safety.

[0063] (2) This invention introduces a module sequencing constraint mechanism based on traditional power allocation, dynamically adjusting the charging and discharging sequence according to the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage modules and the power demand of the nodes. When there is a power shortage at a node, modules with higher SOC take priority in undertaking larger discharge power; when there is a power surplus at a node, modules with lower SOC take priority in undertaking larger charging power. Through this dynamic allocation strategy, the system can maintain the balance of energy state of each module while satisfying the power balance of the nodes, avoiding overuse or long-term idleness of some modules, thereby improving the overall efficiency and lifespan of the energy storage system.

[0064] (3) The present invention adopts a distributed control structure, and each energy storage module has independent detection and decision-making functions. Even in the event of communication abnormality or central control failure, it can still independently complete safety protection and power regulation, and has good autonomy and fault tolerance capabilities, which significantly improves the stability of the system in complex operating environments.

[0065] (4) This invention achieves dual optimization of the energy storage system in both time and space dimensions through module-level safety management and system-level power coordination. This method can effectively suppress node voltage fluctuations, reduce power losses, and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy under high-proportion distributed photovoltaic access conditions, thereby enhancing the safety, economy, and flexibility of the distribution network. Based on this invention, the safety guarantee mechanism of the system during the operation and reorganization process is further strengthened. When an energy storage module is disconnected due to over-temperature, over-voltage, or fault, the system will trigger a safe reorganization process. During this process, the isolation of faulty modules, the safe reconfiguration of remaining modules, and the power redistribution are achieved through multi-level safety management strategies. During the reorganization, the control system quickly detects and evaluates the voltage consistency, SOC balance, and power response capability of available modules, and only modules that meet the safety conditions can participate in the new power combination.

[0066] (5) The system of the present invention has dual safety constraints throughout the entire reorganization process: 1. Logic layer protection: Prevents faulty modules from being accidentally activated through safety interlock logic; 2. Physical layer protection: Soft switching control is performed during the reparallel and disconnection of modules to avoid transient current surges and reverse voltage flow.

[0067] In addition, the system is equipped with a "safe reconfiguration buffer" that automatically delays reconfiguration when power imbalance or voltage anomalies are detected, and maintains temporary power supply through a hot backup module. These measures ensure that the system maintains a safe and stable operating state even during dynamic topology changes or power redistribution. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1A flowchart of a safety management and power control method for multi-module distributed energy storage disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of multi-module distributed energy storage reorganization and operation in a safety management and power control method for multi-module distributed energy storage disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] Example 1 like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this invention provides a safety management and power control method for multi-module distributed energy storage. This method introduces an adaptive safety management mechanism and dynamic power allocation strategy for multi-module energy storage systems, achieving safe, reliable, and efficient operation of distributed energy storage systems in complex distribution network environments. This invention effectively integrates the hierarchical collaborative capabilities of modular energy storage systems with a node-side voltage-power linkage control mechanism, dynamically adjusting the output power and access method of energy storage modules under different operating conditions, thereby achieving optimized allocation of electrical energy in both time and space dimensions. This method can effectively address typical problems such as voltage exceeding limits, power flow reversal, curtailment, and node power imbalance in high-proportion distributed photovoltaic (PV) grid integration scenarios, significantly improving the safety, flexibility, and renewable energy absorption capacity of the distribution network. The specific steps of this method are as follows: S1. Monitor the operating parameters of each energy storage module in the distributed energy storage system in real time, execute the module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism, and determine whether the operating parameters exceed the safety range. If so, execute S2; otherwise, execute S3. The module-level security threshold determination mechanism includes:

[0071]

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] in, For energy storage modules u The core temperature, and These are the upper and lower limits of the core temperature of the energy storage module; For energy storage modules u voltage, and These are the upper and lower limits of the energy storage module voltage; For energy storage modules u The discharge current; and For energy storage modules u The upper and lower limits of the discharge current; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. For energy storage modules u The state of charge.

[0075] S2. Triggering Safety Interlock and Event Response Mechanism: If an energy storage module is detected to exceed its limits N times consecutively, it will be automatically triggered. The energy storage module will be disconnected, a fault report will be submitted, and the remaining energy storage modules will be reordered for charging and discharging, initiating hot backup or derating operation. The system has self-healing capabilities, achieving local safety closed-loop without relying on a central controller. Hot backup refers to a standby energy storage module being in a ready-to-use working state. It is neither a complete shutdown nor a cold backup, but rather maintains normal synchronization of voltage and power. Once the main module fails or is disconnected, the hot backup module can immediately and seamlessly take over, avoiding system interruption. When an energy storage module exceeds its limits N times consecutively and is automatically disconnected by the system: the system will immediately allow a standby but ready-to-work module to take over the power output or absorption task of the disconnected module; this is used to maintain power balance and voltage stability on the node side; ensuring continuous and uninterrupted system operation after a module failure. Derating operation refers to the system reducing output power or limiting operating capacity for safety or protection reasons to avoid overload or further damage. When a module is disconnected by the system due to exceeding the limit, the number of available modules in the overall energy storage system decreases: the system will automatically reduce the power command of the remaining modules to avoid overloading the remaining modules and ensure that the system can still provide services within a safe range.

[0076] S3. Construct a module availability assessment model to evaluate the availability of energy storage modules. Determine whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than the availability threshold. If yes, include the energy storage module in the set of available modules and execute S4. If no, mark the energy storage module as unavailable and exclude it from the power allocation range. The module can be used to evaluate models, including:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] in, , and These are the weighting coefficients. This indicates the degree to which the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the temperature state of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability; For reference temperature; For energy storage modules u Availability value; For energy storage modules u The equivalent internal resistance, and For the set energy storage module u Upper and lower limits of internal resistance; For energy storage modules u The availability threshold, when Then the energy storage module u It will be unavailable.

[0082] S4. Dynamic power allocation: If there is a power shortage at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for discharge power in descending order of power, so that the energy storage modules with higher power can handle higher discharge power requirements; if there is a power overflow at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for charging power in ascending order of power, so that the energy storage modules with lower power can handle higher charging power requirements. S5. Set up a system-level voltage adaptive control model. When the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased. For example, when the node voltage is higher than the rated value, the energy storage module reduces its current power command: it reduces the discharge power when in the discharge state and reduces the charging power when in the charging state, so as to weaken the upward push effect on the voltage. When the node voltage is lower than the rated value, the energy storage module increases its power command: it increases the discharge power when in the discharge state and reduces the charging power when in the charging state, thereby improving the node voltage support capability.

[0083] The system-level voltage adaptive control model includes:

[0084] in, For energy storage modules u The adjusted output power Represented as energy storage module u Rated output power, For energy storage modules u At the access node i The voltage on; Rated voltage; This is the voltage regulation coefficient. When the node voltage rises, the distributed energy storage module... u Power is automatically reduced; when the voltage drops, the distributed energy storage module... u Power enhancement enables distributed voltage support.

[0085] S6. After the above control is completed, determine whether the operation constraints and safety constraints are met. If yes, maintain the current control strategy and return to S1 for continuous monitoring. If no, adjust the charging and discharging power of the energy storage module until the operation constraints and safety constraints are met again.

[0086] The operational constraints include:

[0087] in, and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging active power; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The reactive power of charging and discharging; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging status indicator shows that a value of 1 indicates charging or discharging, while a value of 0 indicates no operation. and These are the upper limits of the charging and discharging active power of the energy storage module, respectively; and These are the upper limits of the reactive power for charging and discharging the energy storage module, respectively. and These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage module, respectively. For the energy storage module at time t u electrical energy, and These represent the upper and lower limits of the electrical energy of the energy storage module, respectively. For time intervals.

[0088] The security constraints include:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091]

[0092]

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] in, For energy storage modules u exist State of charge at time t, For energy storage modules exist The state of charge at any given moment; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. , and All are intermediate variables in the charging and discharging process. Let it be a preset positive number. Represents another pre-defined positive number. Less than In this embodiment, M is a sufficiently large positive number used to linearize the logic conditions; (10 -4 10 -6 ) is a very small positive number, ensuring that the logical "strictly less than" is correct when converted to linear form. , as well as For distributed energy storage modules u The charging and discharging "sequencing constraint" means that if a node needs power, the battery modules with higher charge levels connected to that node will bear the higher discharge power requirement; if the node has excess power, the battery modules with lower charge levels connected to that node will bear the higher charging power requirement. M It is a large positive number.

[0100] As a further improvement, the present invention also includes a reorganization safety control process: When the system detects a faulty disconnection or unavailability of an energy storage module, it triggers a reconfiguration process. This process includes: (1) Perform a module status scan to filter out available modules that meet the conditions of voltage, temperature, SOC and SOH; (2) Establish a safe reconfiguration candidate pool and recalculate the power allocation scheme based on module availability value and node power requirements; (3) Monitor the transient voltage and current changes of the access module in real time during the reconnection process, and immediately stop the reconnection if abnormal fluctuations occur; (4) Adopt a redundancy backup and power gradual control strategy to ensure that the system maintains safe operation and power balance during the topology switching phase; (5) Once the new topology is stable, update the module safety threshold and power command to achieve closed-loop recovery.

[0101] Through the above technical solutions, this invention achieves safe and efficient operation of distributed energy storage systems under multi-module collaboration by introducing adaptive power control and safety management mechanisms. This method achieves module-level dynamic protection and optimized power allocation without complex algorithms or external communication, significantly improving the operational reliability, lifespan, and grid support capabilities of the energy storage system. It is suitable for scenarios such as renewable energy consumption, microgrid regulation, and emergency power supply.

[0102] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a safety management and power control system for multi-module distributed energy storage, including: The operation parameter monitoring module is used to monitor the operation parameters of each energy storage module in the distributed energy storage system in real time, execute the module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism to determine whether the operation parameters exceed the safety range. If so, the safety interlock and event response module is executed; otherwise, the availability judgment module is executed. The safety interlock and event response module is used to trigger the safety interlock and event response mechanism. If the energy storage module is detected to exceed the limit N times in a row, it will be automatically triggered, the energy storage module will be disconnected, the fault will be reported, and hot backup or derated operation will be started. The availability judgment module is used to build a module availability assessment model for evaluating the availability of energy storage modules. It determines whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than the availability threshold. If so, the energy storage module is included in the set of available modules and the power allocation module is executed. If not, the energy storage module is marked as unavailable and excluded from the power allocation range. The power distribution module is used for dynamic power distribution. If there is a power shortage at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for discharge power in descending order of their power levels, so that the energy storage modules with higher power levels can handle higher discharge power demands. If there is a power overflow at a node, the energy storage modules connected to that node are prioritized for charging power in ascending order of their power levels, so that the energy storage modules with lower power levels can handle higher charging power demands. The voltage adaptive control module is used to set up a system-level voltage adaptive control model. When the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased. The constraint judgment module is used to determine whether the operation constraints and safety constraints are met after the above control is completed. If so, the current control strategy is maintained and the operation parameter monitoring module is returned to continue monitoring. If not, the charging and discharging power of the energy storage module is adjusted until the operation constraints and safety constraints are re-verified.

[0103] Specifically, the module-level security threshold determination mechanism includes:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] in, For energy storage modules u The core temperature, and These are the upper and lower limits of the core temperature of the energy storage module; For energy storage modules u voltage, and These are the upper and lower limits of the energy storage module voltage; For energy storage modules u The discharge current; and For energy storage modules u The upper and lower limits of the discharge current; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. For energy storage modules u The state of charge.

[0108] More specifically, the module can be used to evaluate models, including:

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] in, , and These are the weighting coefficients. This indicates the degree to which the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability. This indicates the degree to which the temperature state of the energy storage module u contributes to its availability; For reference temperature; For energy storage modules u Availability value; For energy storage modules u The equivalent internal resistance, and For the set energy storage module u Upper and lower limits of internal resistance; For energy storage modules u The availability threshold, when Then the energy storage module u It will be unavailable.

[0114] Specifically, the system-level voltage adaptive control model includes:

[0115] in, For energy storage modules u The adjusted output power Represented as energy storage module u Rated output power, For energy storage modules u At the access node i The voltage on; Rated voltage; This is the voltage regulation coefficient.

[0116] Specifically, the operational constraints include:

[0117] in, and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging active power; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The reactive power of charging and discharging; and The energy storage modules at time t are respectively u The charging and discharging status indicator shows that a value of 1 indicates charging or discharging, while a value of 0 indicates no operation. and These are the upper limits of the charging and discharging active power of the energy storage module, respectively; and These are the upper limits of the reactive power for charging and discharging the energy storage module, respectively. and These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage module, respectively. For the energy storage module at time t u electrical energy, and These represent the upper and lower limits of the electrical energy of the energy storage module, respectively. For time intervals.

[0118] More specifically, the security constraints include:

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128]

[0129] in, For energy storage modules u exist State of charge at time t, For energy storage modules exist The state of charge at any given moment; , These represent the maximum and minimum nuclear power state values ​​of the energy storage module. , and All are intermediate variables in the charging and discharging process. Let it be a preset positive number. Represents another pre-defined positive number. Less than .

[0130] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for security management and power control oriented to multi-module distributed energy storage, characterized in that, Comprise: S1, real-time monitoring of the operating parameters of each energy storage module of the distributed energy storage system, executing a module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism, judging whether the operating parameters exceed the safety range, if so, executing S2, otherwise executing S3; S2, triggering a safety interlock and event response mechanism: if it is detected that the energy storage module exceeds the limit for N times in succession, then it is automatically triggered, the energy storage module is disconnected, the fault is reported, and hot backup or reduced capacity operation is started; S3, constructing a module availability evaluation model for evaluating the availability of the energy storage module, judging whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than the availability threshold, if so, the energy storage module is included in the available module set, executing S4, if not, marking the energy storage module as unavailable and excluding it from the power distribution range; S4, power dynamic distribution: if there is an electricity gap in the node, each energy storage module connected to the node is prioritized in the order of discharge power from large to small; if the node has electricity overflow, each energy storage module connected to the node is prioritized in the order of charging power from small to large; S5, setting a system-level voltage adaptive control model, when the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased; S6, after the above control is completed, judging whether the operation constraints and safety constraints are met, if so, maintaining the current control strategy and returning to S1 for continuous monitoring, if not, adjusting the charge and discharge power of the energy storage module until the operation constraints and safety constraints are re-verified to be met.

2. The method for safety management and power control of multi-module distributed energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism comprises: wherein is the core temperature of the energy storage module u , and are upper and lower limits of the energy storage module core temperature; is the voltage of the energy storage module u , and are upper and lower limits of the energy storage module voltage; is the discharge current of the energy storage module u , and are upper and lower limits of the energy storage module discharge current; u , are maximum and minimum values of the state of the core of the energy storage module, is the state of charge of the energy storage module u .​ 3. The method for safety management and power control of multi-module distributed energy storage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The module availability evaluation model comprises: wherein, , and are weight coefficients, represents the contribution of the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module u to its availability, represents the contribution of the state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module u to its availability, represents the contribution of the temperature state of the energy storage module u to its availability; is a reference temperature; is the availability value of the energy storage module u ; is the equivalent internal resistance of the energy storage module u , and are the set lower and upper bounds of the internal resistance of the energy storage module u ; is the availability threshold of the energy storage module u , and when , the energy storage module u will be unavailable.

4. The method for safety management and power control of multi-module distributed energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system-level voltage adaptive control model comprises: wherein is the adjusted output power of the energy storage module u , is the rated output power of the energy storage module u , is the voltage at the access node u of the energy storage module i ; is the rated voltage; is the voltage regulation factor.

5. The method for safety management and power control of multi-module distributed energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation constraints comprise: wherein, and are the charging and discharging active power of the energy storage module at time t, respectively; u and are the charging and discharging reactive power of the energy storage module at time t, respectively; u and are the charging and discharging state indicators of the energy storage module at time t, respectively, being 1 if charging or discharging and 0 if no action; u and are the upper limits of the charging and discharging active power of the energy storage module, respectively; are the upper limits of the charging and discharging reactive power of the energy storage module, respectively; are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage module, respectively; is the electric energy of the energy storage module at time t, u and are the upper and lower limits of the electric energy of the energy storage module, respectively, is the time interval.​​​​​​ 6. The method for safety management and power control of multi-module distributed energy storage according to claim 5, characterized in that, The safety constraints comprise: wherein, is the state of charge of the energy storage module u at the time instant, is the state of charge of the energy storage module at the time instant; , is the core state of the energy storage module , and are intermediate variables of charging and discharging, is a predetermined positive number, represents another predetermined positive number, is less than .

7. A safety management and power control system for multi-module distributed energy storage, characterized in that, Comprise: An operating parameter monitoring module for real-time monitoring of the operating parameters of each energy storage module of the distributed energy storage system, executing a module-level safety threshold judgment mechanism, judging whether the operating parameters exceed the safety range, if so, executing a safety interlock and event response module, otherwise executing an availability judgment module; A safety interlock and event response module for triggering a safety interlock and event response mechanism, if it is detected that the energy storage module exceeds the limit for N times in succession, then it is automatically triggered, the energy storage module is disconnected, the fault is reported, and hot backup or reduced capacity operation is started; An availability judgment module for constructing a module availability evaluation model for evaluating the availability of the energy storage module, judging whether the availability of the energy storage module is greater than the availability threshold, if so, the energy storage module is included in the available module set, executing a power distribution module, if not, marking the energy storage module as unavailable and excluding it from the power distribution range; A power distribution module for power dynamic distribution, if there is an electricity gap in the node, each energy storage module connected to the node is prioritized in the order of discharge power from large to small; if the node has electricity overflow, each energy storage module connected to the node is prioritized in the order of charging power from small to large; A voltage adaptive control module for setting a system-level voltage adaptive control model, when the node voltage rises, the power of the energy storage module is automatically reduced, and when the voltage drops, the power of the energy storage module is increased; The constraint condition judging module is used for judging whether the operation constraint and the safety constraint are met after the control is completed, and if yes, maintaining the current control strategy and returning to the operation parameter monitoring module for continuous monitoring, and if not, adjusting the charge and discharge power of the energy storage module until the operation constraint and the safety constraint are re-verified to be met.

8. The multi-module distributed energy storage oriented safety management and power control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The module-level safety threshold judging mechanism comprises: wherein is the core temperature of the energy storage module u , is the upper limit of the core temperature of the energy storage module , is the voltage of the energy storage module u , is the upper limit of the voltage of the energy storage module , is the discharge current of the energy storage module u , is the lower limit of the discharge current of the energy storage module , u , , is the maximum and minimum value of the state of the core of the energy storage module is the state of charge of the energy storage module u .

9. The multi-module distributed energy storage oriented safety management and power control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The module availability evaluation model comprises: wherein, , and are weight coefficients, represents the contribution of the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage module u to its availability, represents the contribution of the state of health (SOH) of the energy storage module u to its availability, represents the contribution of the temperature state of the energy storage module u to its availability; is a reference temperature; is the availability value of the energy storage module u ; is the equivalent internal resistance of the energy storage module u , and are the set lower and upper bounds of the internal resistance of the energy storage module u ; is the availability threshold of the energy storage module u , when , the energy storage module u will be unavailable.

10. The multi-module distributed energy storage oriented safety management and power control system according to claim 7, wherein, The system-level voltage adaptive control model comprises: wherein is the adjusted output power of the energy storage module u , is the rated output power of the energy storage module u , is the voltage at the access node u of the energy storage module i ; is the rated voltage; is the voltage regulation factor.

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