Optical storage direct flexible system and control method based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical storage direct current flexible system based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization, which integrates power supply modes of a municipal power supply, a diesel generating set and a photovoltaic energy storage system to construct a novel alternating current and direct current hybrid power distribution system. The invention further provides an optical storage direct-flexible control method. The system provided by the invention cooperates with a multi-objective optimization model and a load priority adaptive method based on reliability maximization to realize cooperative control of a municipal power supply, a diesel generator set and a photovoltaic energy storage system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of power distribution, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system and a control method based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization. BACKGROUND

[0002] "Photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible" is a combination of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, direct current distribution and flexible control. Among them, "light" refers to a distributed photovoltaic power generation system, "storage" refers to an energy storage system, "direct" refers to a direct current distribution system, and "flexible" refers to system flexible control. The photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible energy router is a product based on photovoltaic direct flexible technology. The energy router connects the distributed photovoltaic power generation system, the energy storage system and the electrical equipment through the direct current bus, and realizes flexible distribution, optimal scheduling and efficient utilization of energy through the equipped energy management system. In short, the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible energy router is an "energy housekeeper" that can intelligently adjust and efficiently utilize energy.

[0003] Among the various operating modes of the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible energy router, the self-generation and self-use operating mode is of great significance.

[0004] In this mode, the user can preferentially use the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system, and store the excess electrical energy in the energy storage system. When the photovoltaic power generation is insufficient, the energy storage system will discharge to supply the user equipment. In this way, the self-sufficiency of energy can be maximized, the dependence on the power grid can be reduced, the electricity cost can be reduced, the energy utilization efficiency and power supply reliability can be improved, the peak-valley difference of the power grid can be alleviated, and the stability of the power grid can be enhanced.

[0005] Patent document CN120546186A discloses a control method, device and storage medium for a photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system, comprising: in response to a specified operating mode being triggered, obtaining a representation value of the remaining electrical quantity of an energy storage device in the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system; in the case that the representation value of the remaining electrical quantity is less than a first threshold value and greater than a second threshold value, setting an energy storage converter in the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system to an off-grid mode to enable the energy storage converter to perform energy scheduling by itself; and setting the power of a grid-side converter in the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system to a first power value to suppress the electrical quantity interaction between the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system and the power grid.

[0006] Patent document CN120300874A discloses a photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system, comprising obtaining electrical load data of a target building within a preset time; obtaining illumination meteorological data within the preset time; obtaining an electrical load prediction curve according to the illumination meteorological data and the electrical load data; constructing a control relationship between the direct current bus voltage at the grid-connected place of the photovoltaic energy storage direct flexible system and the total grid-connected power based on the electrical load prediction curve; and based on the control relationship, performing power adjustment control according to the direct current bus voltage variation. SUMMARY

[0007] The application aims to provide a light storage direct flexible system and a control method based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization.

[0008] In order to achieve the first object of the application, the following technical solution is provided: a light storage direct flexible system based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization, comprising an alternating current power supply part, a direct current power supply part, a power consumption part, and an alternating current-direct current interaction channel. The power consumption part is divided into a first-level alternating current load, a second-level alternating current load, a third-level alternating current load, a non-special-level guaranteed alternating current load, a special-level alternating current load, a first-level direct current load, a second-level direct current load, and a third-level direct current load according to preset power consumption requirements. The alternating current power supply part comprises two groups of independent double-path municipal power supplies and a diesel generator set for emergency backup. The double-path municipal power supply comprises a first municipal power supply and a second municipal power supply, the first municipal power supply supplies power to the first-level alternating current load, the second-level alternating current load, the third-level alternating current load, and the non-special-level guaranteed alternating current load through an alternating current I section bus, and the second municipal power supply supplies power to the first-level alternating current load, the second-level alternating current load, the third-level alternating current load, and the special-level alternating current load through an alternating current II section bus. An alternating current bus tie switch A9 is arranged between the alternating current II section bus and the alternating current I section bus. The outgoing end of the diesel generator set is respectively an alternating current emergency power supply and an alternating current backup power supply, the alternating current emergency power supply supplies power to the special-level alternating current load through an alternating current III section bus, and the alternating current backup power supply supplies power to the non-special-level guaranteed alternating current load through an alternating current IV section bus. The direct current power supply part comprises a photovoltaic system, an energy storage system for storing electric energy, and a third-level load isolation part. The photovoltaic system supplies power to the first-level direct current load and the second-level direct current load through a direct current III section bus and a direct current I section bus / direct current III section bus in sequence. The energy storage system supplies power to the first-level direct current load and the second-level direct current load through a direct current III section bus and a direct current I section bus / direct current III section bus in sequence. The third-level load isolation part comprises a first control branch and a second control branch for controlling power supply of all third-level loads, the first control branch comprises a direct current IV section bus, a direct current circuit breaker D5, and a direct current I section bus, and the second control branch comprises a direct current V section bus, a direct current circuit breaker D6, and a direct current II section bus. The alternating current-direct current interaction channel comprises a first interaction channel for stabilizing power and a second interaction channel for stabilizing voltage.

[0009] Specifically, the first interconnection channel comprises a direct current I section bus, a direct current circuit breaker D7, a first AC / DC bidirectional converter and an alternating current III section bus.

[0010] Specifically, the second interconnection channel comprises a direct current II section bus, a direct current circuit breaker D8, a second AC / DC bidirectional converter and an alternating current IV section bus.

[0011] In order to achieve the second object of the present application, the following technical scheme is provided: a light storage direct flexible control method, which is realized by the light storage direct flexible system based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization, comprising the following steps: The power data of the light storage direct flexible system is acquired, and it is judged whether the light storage direct flexible system is normal based on the time period and the charging and discharging decision, if the light storage direct flexible system is normal, the multi-objective optimization control strategy is executed, and if the light storage direct flexible system is not normal, the reliability control strategy is executed; The multi-objective optimization control strategy is designed with the maximum photovoltaic self-use rate and the minimum operation cost as the target; The reliability control strategy is designed to ensure the power supply of the primary load, the secondary load, the non-special level required to guarantee the alternating current load and the special alternating current load.

[0012] Specifically, the process of judging whether the light storage direct flexible system is normal based on the time period and the charging and discharging decision is as follows: It is judged whether the current light storage direct flexible system is in the electricity price valley period, if it is in the electricity price valley period, the energy storage system charging process is entered, the energy storage system charging is started, and it will be up to the upper threshold of SOC; If it is not in the electricity price valley period, the photovoltaic peak period judgment process is entered: when it is in the photovoltaic peak period, it is judged whether to execute the energy storage system charging according to the relationship between the photovoltaic power generation power and the load power; When it is not the photovoltaic peak period, the peak period judgment is entered; When it is in the peak period, the energy storage system is controlled to discharge; When it is not the peak period, the current operation state of the light storage direct flexible system is maintained or small power adjustment within ±5% is carried out.

[0013] Specifically, the energy storage system charging needs to be dynamically checked for economy before charging, and the process is as follows: If the electricity price difference ≤ cycle cost, cancel the current charging and discharging action; If the electricity price difference > cycle cost, approve the original plan to be executed; The cycle cost calculation formula is: C_cycle = (battery purchase cost × charging and discharging depth coefficient) / total cycle life.

[0014] Specifically, the execution process of the reliability control strategy is as follows: Real-time monitoring of the status of the mains, when a power failure is detected: If it is a single mains failure: immediately close the AC bus tie switch A9, enable another normal mains loop to prioritize the second level and above loads, and detect the photovoltaic system output state: When the photovoltaic output > 0, the photovoltaic system supplements the power shortage and charges the energy storage system, while maintaining the power supply of the third-level AC load and the third-level DC load; When the photovoltaic output = 0, all loads are independently borne by the mains, and the third-level AC load and the third-level DC load are unloaded, and the current transformer load rate needs to be unloaded during the process; If it is a double mains failure, immediately start the photovoltaic and energy storage joint power supply mode: If the photovoltaic output ≥ total load demand, maintain normal power supply of the whole system; If the photovoltaic output < total load demand, execute the hierarchical protection strategy: first unload the third-level AC load and the third-level DC load, and recheck the balance, if the balance is met, protect the second level and above loads, and the non-special level load that needs to be protected continues to run, if it is still unbalanced, start the energy storage system to discharge compensation.

[0015] Specifically, during the energy storage system discharge compensation process, the SOC needs to be monitored in real time and adjusted according to the change of the SOC, and the steps of the adjustment are as follows: When the SOC > over-discharge threshold, continue to supply power; When the SOC ≤ over-discharge threshold, start the diesel generator set, and unload the first-level AC load, the second-level AC load, the first-level DC load and the second-level DC load; Through the diesel generator set, the energy storage system and the photovoltaic system, the non-special level load that needs to be protected and the special level AC load are powered.

[0016] Specifically, the reliability loss function is used to drive the priority adjustment for the non-special level load that needs to be protected: L_risk = Σ(W_i × t_i); Wherein, L_risk represents the reliability loss, W_i represents the shutdown risk loss of load i, and t_i represents the expected shutdown time; Calculate the reliability loss of each load and compare it with the preset economic cost threshold and risk operation threshold: If the reliability loss ≥ economic cost threshold, the priority of the corresponding load is increased; If the reliability loss ≤ risk operation threshold, the priority of the corresponding load is reduced or the corresponding load is unloaded.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: The power supply methods of municipal power supply, diesel generator set and photovoltaic energy storage system are integrated to build a new AC DC hybrid power distribution system. The coordinated control of municipal power supply, diesel generator set and photovoltaic energy storage system is achieved through multi-objective optimization model (maximizing photovoltaic self-consumption rate + minimizing operating cost) and load priority adaptive method based on maximizing reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of the optical-storage-direct-drive-flexible system provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a control flowchart of the optical-storage-direct-flexible system provided in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a topology diagram of the optical-storage-direct-flexible system provided in this embodiment. It is designed for high-reliability power supply scenarios such as hospitals and data centers. According to specifications and actual needs, primary and secondary loads are powered by dual power supplies, special-grade loads are powered by dual power supplies plus emergency power supplies (three power supplies), and non-special-grade loads that need to be guaranteed are powered by dual power supplies plus backup power supplies (three power supplies).

[0021] The topology diagram includes the AC power supply section, the DC power supply section, the power consumption section, and the AC / DC interaction channel.

[0022] The AC power supply section includes two independently powered dual-circuit mains power supplies and a diesel generator set for emergency backup.

[0023] Among them, dual-circuit mains power: 10kV municipal power supply 1 -> Transformer #1 -> AC Section I busbar (Power supply 1 for non-special grade AC loads, power supply 1 for first and second grade AC loads, and power supply for third grade AC loads). 10kV municipal power supply 2 -> 2# transformer -> AC II section bus (power supply 2 of special class AC load, power supply 2 of first class and second class AC load, power supply of third class AC load); In addition, the AC II section bus is provided with an AC bus tie switch A9 between the AC II section bus and the AC I section bus.

[0024] The outgoing end of the diesel generator set is an AC emergency power supply and an AC standby power supply, wherein the outgoing end of the AC emergency power supply is AC emergency power supply line -> ATSE1 (double power supply transfer switch 1) -> AC III section bus (emergency bus, power supply 1 of special class AC load) in sequence.

[0025] And the outgoing end of the AC standby power supply is AC standby power supply line -> ATSE2 (double power supply transfer switch 2) -> AC IV section bus (standby bus, power supply 2 of non-special class AC load which needs to be guaranteed).

[0026] The AC system special class AC load can meet the three power supply power supply demand, and the first class and second class load can meet the double power supply power supply demand.

[0027] The DC power supply part includes a photovoltaic system and an energy storage system for storing electric energy, and a third class load isolation part.

[0028] In the embodiment, the photovoltaic system includes two branches, one of which is photovoltaic system (through DC / DC converter) -> DC III section bus -> DC circuit breaker D3 -> DC I section (power supply 1 of first class and second class DC load) in sequence, and the other branch is photovoltaic system (through DC / DC converter) -> DC III section bus -> DC circuit breaker D4 -> DC II section (power supply 2 of first class and second class DC load).

[0029] In the embodiment, the energy storage system includes two branches, one of which is energy storage system (through DC / DC converter) -> DC III section bus -> DC circuit breaker D3 -> DC I section (power supply 1 of first class and second class DC load) in sequence, and the other branch is energy storage system (through DC / DC converter) -> DC III section bus -> DC circuit breaker D4 -> DC II section (power supply 2 of first class and second class DC load).

[0030] In the embodiment, the third class load isolation part includes a first control branch and a second control branch, the first control branch of which includes DC IV section bus (power supply of third class load) -> DC circuit breaker D5 -> DC I section bus, and the second control branch includes DC V section bus (power supply of third class load) -> DC circuit breaker D6 -> DC II section bus.

[0031] In the embodiment, the AC-DC interconnection channel includes a first interconnection channel for stabilizing power and a second interconnection channel for stabilizing voltage, wherein the first interconnection channel includes a DC I-section bus -> a DC circuit breaker D7 -> a C1 AC / DC bidirectional converter 1 (AC / DC1) -> an AC III-section bus (emergency bus).

[0032] The second interconnection channel includes a DC II-section bus -> a DC circuit breaker D8 -> a C2 AC / DC bidirectional converter 2 (AC / DC2) -> an AC IV-section bus (backup bus).

[0033] The embodiment also provides a light-storage-direct-flexible control method, which is implemented by the light-storage-direct-flexible system provided in the above embodiment and includes the following steps. Power data of the light-storage-direct-flexible system are acquired, and whether the light-storage-direct-flexible system is normal is judged based on a time period and a charging and discharging decision; if the light-storage-direct-flexible system is normal, a multi-objective optimization control strategy is executed, and if the light-storage-direct-flexible system is not normal, a reliability control strategy is executed. The multi-objective optimization control strategy is designed for maximizing photovoltaic self-use rate and minimizing operation cost. The reliability control strategy is designed for ensuring power supply of primary load, secondary load, non-special AC load, and special AC load.

[0034] More specifically, the multi-objective optimization control strategy (target: maximizing photovoltaic self-use rate + minimizing operation cost) includes: ; Only the minimum interaction power of the system and the external power grid (maximizing photovoltaic self-use rate) is considered; Only the minimum operation cost is considered. And The target weight coefficients satisfy that both are greater than 0 and the weights of both are equal to 1.

[0035] The real-time data include peak-valley power price, peak-valley power period, photovoltaic on-grid price, load prediction curve, photovoltaic output curve, and system state of the region where the system is located; the constraint conditions include power balance, energy storage dynamics, and operation boundary.

[0036] The minimum interaction power of the system and the external power grid (maximizing photovoltaic self-use rate) target function is: ; The operation cost minimization target function = α·(power grid purchase cost) + β·(energy storage cycle cost) - γ·(photovoltaic electricity selling income), and the weight is dynamically adjusted based on a machine learning model of historical data.

[0037] Specific control process: Step 1: Time period judgment and charging and discharging decision.

[0038] (101) The system first judges whether it is currently in the electricity price valley period: If yes, execute the grid charging instruction and charge the energy storage system to the upper limit of SOC (typical value 90-95%); if the photovoltaic fully charges the energy storage, DC circuit breakers D3 and D4 can be disconnected.

[0039] If no, enter the photovoltaic peak period judgment; (102) Photovoltaic peak period judgment: If it is in the photovoltaic peak period, further detect the relationship between photovoltaic power generation and load power: When photovoltaic power generation > load demand, use the excess electricity to charge the energy storage system; When photovoltaic power generation ≤ load demand, the photovoltaic system directly supplies power and does not start charging the energy storage; If it is not a photovoltaic peak period, enter the peak period judgment; (103) Peak period judgment: If it is in the electricity price peak period, control the energy storage system to discharge power or sell electricity to the grid at a high price; If it is not a peak period, the system maintains the current operating state or makes a small power adjustment within ±5%; Step 2: Economic dynamic verification (201) Before executing the charging and discharging plan, the system calculates the numerical relationship between the electricity price difference (peak-valley electricity price difference) and the cycle cost (including battery depreciation and operation and maintenance cost) in real time: If the electricity price difference ≤ cycle cost, cancel the current charging and discharging action; If the electricity price difference > cycle cost, approve the execution of the original plan; The cycle cost calculation formula is: C_cycle = (battery purchase cost × charging and discharging depth coefficient) / total cycle life.

[0040] Step 3: Real-time rolling optimization (301) The system continuously monitors three groups of key real-time data: a) Actual photovoltaic output curve; b) Actual load power curve; c) Current SOC value of the energy storage system; (302) Deviation analysis of real-time data and prediction model: When any data deviation > set threshold (typical value 10%), dynamically adjust the charging and discharging plan; When the deviation is ≤ the set threshold value, maintain the original plan execution; Step 3: Termination condition management.

[0041] When the system detects the arrival of the daily plan end time (typically set to 23:00), automatically restore the energy storage SOC to the initial set value (typically 50%), ensuring the continuity of the next day's strategy.

[0042] Multi-objective optimization control includes: a) A three-level serial decision mechanism based on electricity price period, photovoltaic output period, and load balancing; b) A dynamic economic verification link before the charging and discharging action is performed; c) An adaptive rolling optimization algorithm that integrates real-time data deviation analysis; d) A termination management strategy that restores the energy storage SOC to the initial value at the end of the day.

[0043] Reliability control strategy: When S1 or S2 loses power, close the tie switch A9, and use the other power supply as the main power source. If the photovoltaic output conditions are good, neither the AC three-level load nor the DC three-level load is cut off, and the photovoltaic power supply is used to charge the energy storage (the energy storage serves as a backup power source to prevent the other power supply from losing power). When both power supplies lose power, the photovoltaic power supply is used to supply DC and AC loads, and if there is a shortage, the three-level load is cut off, and if there is still a shortage, the energy storage is discharged to supply power, ensuring that the critical load, non-critical load that needs to be guaranteed, and one- and two-level loads are supplied. When the energy storage SOC reaches a low value, start the diesel generator set and cut off the one- and two-level loads to ensure that the critical load and non-critical load that needs to be guaranteed are supplied.

[0044] Reliability control process: Step 1: Fault type identification and initial response (401) The system monitors the power supply state in real time, and when a power failure is detected: If it is a single power supply failure: a) Immediately close the tie switch A9; b) Enable the other normal power supply circuit to prioritize the supply of two-level and above loads; c) Detect the photovoltaic system output state: When the photovoltaic output > 0, the photovoltaic system supplements the power shortage and charges the energy storage system (when there is a surplus), while maintaining the supply of part of the three-level load; When the photovoltaic output = 0, the entire load is independently borne by the power supply, and part of the AC and DC three-level load is unloaded; If it is a double power supply failure: a) Immediately start the photovoltaic + energy storage combined power supply mode; Step 2: Double fault classification guarantee (402) The system performs power balance check: If photovoltaic output ≥ total load demand, maintain normal power supply of the whole system; If photovoltaic output < total load demand, execute hierarchical security strategy: a) First, cut off the third-level load, disconnect the DC circuit breakers D5 and D6 on the DC side, and unload the third-level load on the AC side; b) Recheck power balance: If the balance is met, ensure continuous power supply of the second-level and above loads (special-level load, non-special-level load requiring security continues to run); If it is still unbalanced, start the energy storage discharge compensation; (403) Real-time monitoring of SOC during energy storage discharge: When SOC > n% (preferably 20%), continue to supply power; When SOC ≤ n%: a) start the diesel generator set; b) cut off the first / second-level non-critical load; both the double power transfer switches ATES1 and ATES2 are switched to the diesel generator set side, and the DC circuit breakers D7 and D8 are disconnected. c) The diesel set and the photovoltaic energy storage system supply power to the special-level load and the non-special-level load requiring security: For the non-special-level load requiring security, introduce a reliability loss function L_risk to drive priority adjustment: L_risk = Σ(W_i × t_i); L_risk represents the reliability loss, W_i represents the shutdown risk loss of load i, and t_i represents the expected shutdown duration.

[0045] The system calculates the L_risk of each load in real time and compares it with the preset economic cost threshold and risk operation threshold: If L_risk ≥ economic cost threshold -> automatically upgrade the priority of the load; If L_risk ≤ risk operation threshold -> execute the downgrade or unload operation.

[0046] Finally, the system recovers.

[0047] (405) When the city power is restored: a) automatically switch back to the main power supply mode; b) the energy storage system enters the charging state; c) the cut-off load is automatically restored.

[0048] In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "back" are only used for description purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative steps, numerical expressions and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0049] Of course, the above merely describes specific embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made to the configurations, features and principles described in the scope of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is not limited to this, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can make modifications or easily think of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, or make equivalent substitutions to some of the technical features. These modifications, changes or substitutions do not cause the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A direct-drive flexible optical-storage system based on dynamic prioritization and multi-objective optimization, characterized in that, It includes the AC power supply section, the DC power supply section, the power consumption section, and the AC / DC interaction channel; The power consumption section is divided into primary AC load, secondary AC load, tertiary AC load, non-special grade AC load that needs to be guaranteed, special grade AC load, primary DC load, secondary DC load and tertiary DC load according to the preset power consumption requirements. The AC power supply section includes two sets of independently powered dual-circuit mains power and a diesel generator set for emergency backup. The dual-circuit mains power supply includes a first municipal power supply and a second municipal power supply. The first municipal power supply supplies power to primary AC loads, secondary AC loads, tertiary AC loads and non-special grade AC loads that need to be guaranteed through AC section I bus. The second municipal power supply supplies power to primary AC loads, secondary AC loads, tertiary AC loads and special grade AC loads through AC section II bus. An AC bus tie switch A9 is provided between the AC section II busbar and the AC section I busbar; The output terminals of the diesel generator set are AC emergency power supply and AC backup power supply respectively. The AC emergency power supply supplies power to the special-grade AC load through AC Section III bus, and the AC backup power supply supplies power to the non-special-grade AC load that needs to be guaranteed through AC Section IV bus. The DC power supply section includes a photovoltaic system, an energy storage system for storing electrical energy, and a three-level load isolation section; The photovoltaic system supplies power to the primary DC load and the secondary DC load sequentially through the DC Section III bus and the DC Section I bus / DC Section III bus; The energy storage system supplies power to the primary DC load and the secondary DC load sequentially through the DC III bus and the DC I / DC III bus. The three-level load isolation section includes a first control branch and a second control branch for controlling the power supply of all three-level loads. The first control branch includes a DC IV bus, a DC circuit breaker D5, and a DC I bus. The second control branch includes a DC V bus, a DC circuit breaker D6, and a DC II bus. The AC / DC interconnection channel includes a first interconnection channel for stable power and a second interconnection channel for stable voltage.

2. The optical-storage-direct-flexible system based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first interconnection channel includes a DC I busbar, a DC circuit breaker D7, a first AC / DC bidirectional converter, and an AC III busbar.

3. The optical-storage-direct-flexible system based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second interconnection channel includes a DC II busbar, a DC circuit breaker D8, a second AC / DC bidirectional converter, and an AC IV busbar.

4. The optical-storage-direct-flexible system based on dynamic priority and multi-objective optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the photovoltaic system, the DC III bus is switched between the DC I bus and the DC II bus via DC circuit breaker D3.

5. A method for controlling the direct current and flexible operation of optical storage, characterized in that, This is achieved through the optical-storage-direct-flexible system based on dynamic prioritization and multi-objective optimization as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: The system acquires power data from the photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system and determines whether the system is functioning normally based on time periods and charging / discharging decisions. If the system is functioning normally, a multi-objective optimization control strategy is executed; if the system is not functioning normally, a reliability control strategy is executed. The multi-objective optimization control strategy is designed with the objectives of maximizing photovoltaic self-consumption rate and minimizing operating costs. The reliability control strategy is designed to ensure power supply for primary loads, secondary loads, non-special grade AC loads, and special grade AC loads.

6. The optical storage direct-drive flexible control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of determining whether a photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system is functioning properly based on time period and charge / discharge decisions is as follows: Determine whether the current photovoltaic-storage-DC-flexible system is in a low-price period. If it is, start the energy storage system charging process and charge the energy storage system until the SOC upper limit threshold is reached. If it is not during the off-peak electricity price period, the process for determining the peak photovoltaic period will begin. If it is during the peak photovoltaic period, the process for determining whether to charge the energy storage system will be based on the relationship between the photovoltaic power generation and the load power. When it is not a peak photovoltaic period, then the peak period judgment is entered; During peak hours, the energy storage system is controlled to discharge. During off-peak hours, the current operating status of the photovoltaic-storage-direct-flex system is maintained or a small power adjustment within ±5% is made.

7. The optical storage direct-drive flexible control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before charging, the energy storage system needs to undergo dynamic economic verification, the process of which is as follows: If the electricity price difference is less than or equal to the cycle cost, cancel the current charging / discharging action; If the electricity price difference is greater than the cycle cost, the original plan will be approved. The formula for calculating the cycle cost is: C_cycle = (Battery purchase cost × Depth of charge / discharge factor) / Total cycle life.

8. The optical storage direct-flexible control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The execution process of the reliability control strategy is as follows: Real-time monitoring of mains power status; when a power failure is detected: If it is a single-circuit mains power failure: immediately close the AC bus tie switch A9, activate the other normal mains power circuit to prioritize the secondary and higher loads, and check the output status of the photovoltaic system: When the photovoltaic output is greater than 0, the photovoltaic system makes up for the power deficit and charges the energy storage system, while maintaining the power supply to the three-level AC load and the three-level DC load. When the photovoltaic output is 0, the mains power will independently bear the entire load, and the third-level AC load and the third-level DC load will be unloaded. If there is a dual-circuit mains power failure, immediately activate the combined photovoltaic and energy storage power supply mode: If the photovoltaic output is greater than or equal to the total load demand, maintain normal power supply for the entire system; If the photovoltaic output is less than the total load demand, a tiered protection strategy is implemented: first, the third-level AC load and the third-level DC load are unloaded, and the balance is rechecked. If the balance is met, the second-level and above special-level loads and non-special-level loads are guaranteed to continue to operate. If the balance is still not met, the energy storage system is activated to discharge and compensate.

9. The optical storage direct-flexible control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the discharge compensation process of the energy storage system, it is necessary to monitor the State of Charge (SOC) in real time and make fine adjustments based on changes in SOC. The fine-tuning steps are as follows: Continue supplying power when SOC > over-discharge threshold; When SOC ≤ over-discharge threshold, the diesel generator set is started and the primary AC load, secondary AC load, primary DC load and secondary DC load are unloaded. Diesel generator sets, energy storage systems, and photovoltaic systems provide power to both non-special-grade and special-grade AC loads requiring special protection.

10. The optical storage direct-drive flexible control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, For non-critical AC loads requiring guaranteed performance, a reliability loss function is used to adjust drive priority: L_risk = Σ(W_i × t_i); Where L_risk represents reliability loss, W_i represents the downtime risk loss of load i, and t_i represents the expected downtime. Calculate the reliability loss for each load and compare it with preset economic cost thresholds and risk operation thresholds: If the reliability loss is greater than or equal to the economic cost threshold, then the priority of the corresponding load is increased. If the reliability loss is less than or equal to the risk operation threshold, then the priority of the corresponding load is reduced or the corresponding load is unloaded.

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