BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing clamping mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) integrated roof with a self-sealing clamping mechanism, which relates to the technical field of solar industry and comprises a foundation base, a plurality of upright posts fixedly mounted on the foundation base, a plurality of fixed brackets connected with the upright posts and a plurality of solar panels mounted on the fixed brackets. The BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof has the advantages that dynamic sealing of thermal expansion and cold contraction of the solar panel is achieved through a combined structure of the rubber sealing plate and the disc spring, and meanwhile stress concentration of the edge of the solar panel caused by rigid fixation is avoided; the anti-overturning design of wind direction and wind speed self-adaptive adjustment and wind incoming side counterweight increment is matched, the structural stability in strong wind weather is greatly improved, the risks of support deformation, solar panel falling and the like are avoided, the three wind-resistant mechanisms of resistance reduction, weight pressing and flow guiding are achieved, the lighting efficiency of the solar panel is guaranteed, and the protection requirement of a building roof can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar energy technology, and in particular to a BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of solar photovoltaic technology, BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roofs, which combine power generation and building envelope functions, have become an important development direction for green buildings. However, existing BIPV roofs still have many technical defects in practical applications, which restrict their promotion and long-term stable operation.

[0003] Solar panels experience significant thermal expansion and contraction during environmental temperature changes (-30℃ to 60℃). Traditional roofs often use rigid bolt fixing or single rubber strip sealing, which cannot accommodate the expansion and contraction of the panels. This leads to gaps between the panels and the support frame, and between the panels themselves, allowing rainwater to easily seep in, corroding metal supports and electrical components, posing safety hazards, and reducing the roof's thermal insulation effect. Furthermore, existing photovoltaic roofs often use fixed-angle installations for solar panels. In strong winds, the windward side of the solar panels experiences significant wind pressure, especially in strong winds ≥15m / s or typhoon environments. This can cause large overturning moments and vibrations, leading to support frame deformation, column loosening, and in severe cases, even solar panels falling off and roof structural instability. The fixed installation method also cannot adjust the stress state according to wind direction changes, further exacerbating the negative impact of wind loads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the background art, and to propose a BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism includes a base base, multiple columns fixedly installed on the base base, multiple fixed brackets connected to the multiple columns, and multiple solar panels installed on the multiple fixed brackets. The multiple fixed brackets are equipped with self-sealing snap-fit ​​components, which automatically adapt to the expansion of the solar panels. The corresponding multiple columns are equipped with windproof components, which automatically adjust the wind force on the solar panels according to the wind direction to maintain the stability of the entire roof.

[0006] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, multiple vertical drainage boards are fixedly installed on multiple fixed brackets, and each solar panel is fixed between two corresponding vertical drainage boards. Both ends of the multiple vertical drainage boards are jointly fixedly installed with horizontal drainage boards.

[0007] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, the vertical drainage board is a vertically extending plate-shaped structure, and its side surface facing the fixed bracket has a plurality of vertically spaced and equally distributed guide protrusions. The guide protrusions are pointed, and a drainage groove is formed between two adjacent guide protrusions. The drainage groove is connected to the horizontal drainage board.

[0008] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, the self-sealing snap-fit ​​assembly includes a rubber sealing plate fixedly disposed between each two adjacent rows of solar panels. Multiple expansion grooves are provided on both sides of the rubber sealing plate, and a disc spring is fixedly disposed in each expansion groove. Each disc spring abuts against the corresponding solar panel.

[0009] In the aforementioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, the column and the base are fixedly connected by welding or integral molding, and the fixing bracket is detachably fixed to the column by bolts.

[0010] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, the windproof component includes multiple rotating shafts rotatably disposed between two corresponding columns. Each rotating shaft is fixedly provided with a guide plate. One end of each rotating shaft passes through the corresponding column and is fixedly installed with a short rod. Each short rod is fixedly provided with a pulley. A transmission belt is rotatably disposed between the multiple pulleys on both sides.

[0011] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, a sliding seat is fixedly installed on one side of one of the columns, and a toothed rod is slidably installed on the sliding seat. Toothed rings are fixedly installed on the two short rods at the top, and the toothed rods are engaged with the two toothed rings.

[0012] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, a fixed rod is fixedly installed on the column with the sliding seat, a rotating rod is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed rod, and a wind vane is rotatably installed on the rotating rod.

[0013] In the aforementioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, the counterweights at both ends of the toothed rod are greater than the counterweight in the middle section, and the counterweight at the lower end of the wind vane is greater than the counterweight at its upper end.

[0014] In the above-mentioned BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, a connecting frame is fixedly provided on one side of the toothed rod, a sliding rod is fixedly provided at one end of the connecting frame, a sliding hole is provided on the wind direction plate, and the sliding rod is slidably disposed in the sliding hole.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof not only achieves dynamic sealing of the solar panels' thermal expansion and contraction through a combination structure of rubber sealing plates and disc springs, but also avoids stress concentration at the edges of the solar panels caused by rigid fixing; it also achieves adaptive adjustment of wind direction and speed, and with the anti-overturning design of increased counterweight on the windward side, it greatly improves the structural stability under strong winds, avoids risks such as bracket deformation and solar panel detachment, and achieves a triple wind-resistant mechanism of drag reduction, weight reduction, and airflow diversion, which not only ensures the light-gathering efficiency of the solar panels, but also meets the protection requirements of building roofs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a BIPV photovoltaic integrated roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of part a; Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of part b in the middle; Figure 5 This is a side view of the solar panel. Figure 6 for Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the structure along the AA direction.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Solar panel; 2. Foundation base; 3. Column; 4. Rotating shaft; 5. Guide plate; 6. Fixing bracket; 7. Vertical drainage board; 8. Wind vane; 9. Rubber sealing plate; 10. Horizontal drainage board; 11. Fixing rod; 12. Rotating rod; 13. Short rod; 14. Transmission belt; 15. Gear ring; 16. Gear bar; 17. Sliding seat; 18. Connecting frame; 19. Sliding rod; 20. Sliding hole; 21. Disc spring; 22. Expansion groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Reference Figures 1-2 , Figures 5-6A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism includes a base base 2 made of C30 reinforced concrete precast components, and multiple columns 3 fixedly installed on the base base 2. The base base 2 is used to connect with the columns 3. The columns 3 are made of seamless steel pipes with a diameter of 80mm, a wall thickness of 5mm, and a length set according to the roof height (usually 3~5m). One end is welded with a flange (12mm thick). The roof also includes multiple fixing brackets 6 connected to the columns 3, made of aluminum alloy profiles with a cross-sectional size of 40mm×60mm and a length matching the width of the solar panel arrangement. The roof also includes multiple solar panels 1 installed on the fixing brackets 6. The solar panels 1 are monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels with frames made of anodized aluminum alloy.

[0020] Multiple fixing brackets 6 are equipped with self-sealing snap-fit ​​components, which automatically adapt to the expansion of the solar panel 1. Multiple vertical drainage plates 7 are fixedly installed on the multiple fixing brackets 6. The vertical drainage plates 7 are 1600mm×100mm×3mm (PVC) in size, with a guide protrusion height of 12mm and a spacing of 25mm. The horizontal drainage plates 10 are 3000mm×100mm×3mm (PVC) in size. Each solar panel 1 is fixed between two corresponding vertical drainage plates 7. The vertical drainage plates 7 are fixed to the brackets along the length of the fixing brackets 6 with self-tapping screws with a screw spacing of 300mm. The spacing between adjacent vertical drainage plates 7 matches the width of the solar panel (900mm) to ensure that the solar panel can be tightly embedded. Multiple vertical drainage boards 7 are fixedly installed at both ends with horizontal drainage boards 10. The vertical drainage boards 7 are vertically extending plate-like structures. The horizontal drainage boards 10 are installed so that they are aligned with the two ends of the vertical drainage boards 7 and are fixed with PVC special adhesive. The width of the bonding surface is ≥20mm. At the same time, sealant (neutral silicone sealant) is applied to the joints to prevent water leakage. On the side of the horizontal drainage board facing the fixing bracket 6, multiple vertically spaced guide protrusions are integrally formed. The guide protrusions are pointed, and a drainage groove is formed between two adjacent guide protrusions. The drainage groove is connected to the horizontal drainage board 10. The tilt angle of the horizontal drainage board 10 is adjusted to ensure that the slope is 2.5°. The deviation is ≤±0.5° as measured by a level. The end of the horizontal drainage board 10 is connected to the roof drainage riser (the original leaking pipe on the roof). The connection is fixed with stainless steel clamps.

[0021] The self-sealing snap-fit ​​assembly includes rubber sealing plates 9 fixedly installed between each pair of adjacent rows of solar panels 1. Multiple expansion grooves 22 are provided on both sides of each rubber sealing plate 9, and a disc spring 21 is fixedly installed in each expansion groove 22. Each disc spring 21 abuts against the corresponding solar panel 1. In its natural state, the disc spring 21 abuts against the edge of the solar panel 1, with an initial preload of 0.1 MPa, ensuring an initial sealing effect between the rubber sealing plate 9 and the solar panel 1. The column 3 and the base base 2 are fixedly connected by welding or integral molding, and the fixing bracket 6 is detachably fixed to the column 3 by bolts. When the ambient temperature rises (e.g., during summer sun exposure, when the temperature reaches 50℃), the solar panel 1 expands due to heat, with an expansion amount of approximately 8mm along its length. The edge of the solar panel applies pressure to the rubber sealing plates 9 on both sides. After the rubber sealing plates 9 are subjected to pressure, the disc springs 21 in the expansion groove 22 are compressed, and the amount of compression changes synchronously with the amount of expansion (maximum compression amount 8mm). The reverse elastic force generated by the disc springs 21 pushes the rubber sealing plates 9 to tightly adhere to the edge of the solar panel 1, and the pressure on the sealing surface is maintained at 0.3~0.5MPa, effectively preventing rainwater from seeping in. When the ambient temperature drops (e.g., during winter low temperatures, when the temperature reaches -20℃), the solar panel 1 contracts, the expansion disappears, the disc springs 21 elastically reset, and drive the rubber sealing plates 9 to retract synchronously, avoiding cracks caused by excessive stretching of the rubber sealing plates 9, and always maintaining a close fit with the edge of the solar panel 1.

[0022] Reference Figures 2-4 A windproof component is installed between the corresponding multiple columns 3. The windproof component automatically adjusts the wind force on the solar panel 1 according to the wind direction to maintain the stability of the entire roof. The windproof component includes multiple rotating shafts 4 rotatably set between two corresponding columns 3. The rotating shafts 4 are installed between two corresponding columns 3 through bearing seats. The bearing seats use deep groove ball bearings to ensure that the rotating shafts 4 rotate flexibly without jamming. Each rotating shaft 4 is fixedly equipped with a guide plate 5, which is fixed to the rotating shaft 4 by welding. The welding point uses fillet welds with a weld length ≥30mm to ensure the connection strength between the guide plate 5 and the rotating shaft 4.

[0023] One end of each rotating shaft 4 passes through the corresponding column 3 and is fixedly mounted with a short rod 13. Each short rod 13 is fixedly equipped with a pulley. A transmission belt 14 is rotatably connected between multiple pulleys on both sides, connecting all pulleys on the same side. The tension of the transmission belt 14 is adjusted to ensure that the transmission is smooth and without slippage (tension is controlled at 10~15N). A sliding seat 17 is fixedly installed on one side of one of the columns 3. A toothed rod 16 is slidably mounted on the sliding seat 17. Toothed rings 15 are fixedly mounted on the two uppermost short rods 13, and the toothed rod 16 meshes with the two toothed rings 15. A fixed rod 11 is fixedly installed on the column 3 with the sliding seat 17. A rotating rod 12 is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed rod 11. A wind vane 8 is rotatably mounted on the rotating rod 12. The wind vane 8 has a rounded transition design on its windward surface (curvature radius 100mm), which can effectively reduce airflow separation and ensure that the wind load is transmitted along the normal direction of the wind vane 8. The counterweights at both ends of the rack 16 are greater than the counterweight in the middle section, and the counterweight at the lower end of the wind vane 8 is greater than the counterweight at the upper end. A connecting frame 18 is fixedly installed on one side of the rack 16, and a sliding rod 19 is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting frame 18. A sliding hole 20 is opened on the wind vane 8, and the sliding rod 19 is slidably installed in the sliding hole 20. The lower end of the wind vane 8 is set to have a weight (0.8~1.0kg) greater than the upper end. Under the action of wind force, when the wind vane 8 rotates around the rotating rod 12, the lower end always points accurately in the direction of the wind flow. At the same time, the setting of the sliding hole 20 limits the rotation angle, and there is no risk of tipping over or deviating during the rotation.

[0024] When there is no obvious wind direction (wind speed ≤ 3m / s), the rack 16 remains in the middle position under the action of the counterweights at both ends, and the gear ring 15 drives the rotating shaft 4 to keep the guide plate 5 horizontal. When a strong wind blows from the front (wind speed ≥ 8m / s), the wind vane 8 rotates around the rotating rod 12 under the action of the wind force, with its lower end pointing in the direction of the wind flow. Through the sliding hole 20 and the sliding rod 19, it drives the connecting frame 18 and the rack 16 to slide along the sliding seat 17 towards the windward side. When the rack 16 slides towards the windward side, it meshes with the gear ring 15, driving the two uppermost rotating shafts 4 to rotate. Through the synchronous transmission of the pulley and the transmission belt 14, all the rotating shafts 4 rotate synchronously, causing the guide plate 5 to rotate at an angle of 4 degrees to the wind direction. With a 5° angle, after the guide plate 5 is tilted, the windward area is reduced, and the overall wind resistance of the roof is reduced by more than 40%, avoiding excessive load on the solar panel 1 and the support structure by strong winds. At the same time, the wind is guided by multiple guide plates 5, and its direction will change when it enters under multiple solar panels 1, reducing the wind passage height. When the wind direction changes (such as turning to another side), the wind vane 8 deflects synchronously, driving the toothed rod 16 to slide in the opposite direction, and the guide plate 5 is adjusted to the corresponding optimal tilt angle, always maintaining the minimum wind resistance. When the wind speed decreases (≤3m / s), the wind vane 8 loses wind power drive, the toothed rod 16 is reset under the action of the counterweights at both ends, and the guide plate 5 returns to a horizontal state.

[0025] Both the wind vane 8 and the rack 16 will be tilted towards the windward side. At this time, the weight of the entire device relative to the windward side increases. Increasing the weight of the windward side can better resist wind force. When wind comes from both sides, all guide plates 5 will rotate synchronously to the optimal windward angle of 45° with the wind direction. This angle has been optimized by aerodynamic simulation: compared with the horizontal state of guide plate 5, the windward area is reduced from 0.3m² / piece (1.5m×0.2m) to 0.21m² / piece, a reduction of 30%. Combined with the airflow guiding effect generated by the tilt of guide plate 5, the overall wind resistance of the roof is reduced. Meanwhile, when strong winds pass through multiple parallel guide plates 5, they are guided to form a downward-sloping airflow. When the airflow enters the area below the solar panel 1, the flow direction changes from parallel to the roof to an angle of 30°~45° with the roof. This not only reduces the height of the airflow (from the original 1.5m to below 0.8m), but also disrupts the formation of vortices on the lower surface of the solar panel 1, reducing the negative pressure impact of the airflow on the lower surface of the solar panel 1. Furthermore, it works in synergy with the weight-increasing effect on the windward side: the downward airflow pressure (about 50~80Pa) and the counterweight pressure on the windward side are superimposed, further enhancing the fit between the roof and the foundation structure, weakening the force of strong winds attempting to lift the roof, and achieving a triple wind-resistant mechanism of drag reduction, weight reduction, and airflow guidance. This reduces structural vibration caused by local negative pressure and further improves the stability of the roof. The entire adjustment process is gradual. The sliding speed of the rack 16 is positively correlated with the wind speed (when the wind speed change rate is 5m / s, the sliding speed is 10mm / s), avoiding structural impact caused by sudden angle changes. At the same time, the elastic buffering effect of the pulley and the transmission belt 14 can absorb instantaneous wind load fluctuations and protect the transmission mechanism from damage.

[0026] The rack 16 is made of stainless steel with a chrome-plated surface, providing both corrosion resistance and low friction to ensure reliable transmission under long-term outdoor use (85% humidity, 5% salt spray concentration). The windward side of the wind vane 8 is covered with a UV-resistant coating to prevent material aging caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight. Both ends of the rack 16 feature a cast iron exterior with rubber coating, ensuring counterweight stability and reducing vibration and noise. Through these designs, this windproof component can adaptively adjust to different wind speeds and directions, improving the roof's wind resistance while ensuring structural safety and operational stability.

[0027] To further clarify, the aforementioned fixed connection should be interpreted broadly unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited. For example, it may be welding, gluing, or integral molding, or other conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0028] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIPV (Blockchain Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism, comprising a base base (2), multiple columns (3) fixedly installed on the base base (2), multiple fixed brackets (6) connected to the multiple columns (3), and multiple solar panels (1) installed on the multiple fixed brackets (6), characterized in that, The multiple fixed brackets (6) are equipped with self-sealing snap-fit ​​components, which automatically adapt to the expansion of the solar panel (1). The corresponding multiple columns (3) are equipped with windproof components. The windproof components automatically adjust the wind force on the solar panel (1) according to the wind direction to maintain the stability of the entire roof.

2. The BIPV integrated photovoltaic roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple vertical drainage boards (7) are fixedly installed on the multiple fixed brackets (6), and each solar panel (1) is fixed between two corresponding vertical drainage boards (7). Both ends of the multiple vertical drainage boards (7) are jointly fixedly installed with horizontal drainage boards (10).

3. A BIPV integrated photovoltaic roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical drainage plate (7) is a vertically extending plate structure. On the side surface facing the fixed bracket (6), multiple guide protrusions are integrally formed and distributed at equal intervals along the vertical direction. The guide protrusions are pointed, and a drainage groove is formed between two adjacent guide protrusions. The drainage groove is connected to the horizontal drainage plate (10).

4. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-sealing snap-fit ​​assembly includes a rubber sealing plate (9) fixedly disposed between each of two adjacent rows of solar panels (1). Multiple expansion grooves (22) are provided on both sides of the rubber sealing plate (9). A disc spring (21) is fixedly disposed in each expansion groove (22). Each disc spring (21) abuts against the corresponding solar panel (1).

5. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The column (3) and the base base (2) are fixedly connected by welding or integral molding, and the fixed bracket (6) is detachably fixed to the column (3) by bolts.

6. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The windproof component includes multiple rotating shafts (4) rotatably disposed between two corresponding columns (3). Each rotating shaft (4) is fixedly provided with a guide plate (5). One end of each rotating shaft (4) passes through the corresponding column (3) and is fixedly installed with a short rod (13). Each short rod (13) is fixedly provided with a pulley. A transmission belt (14) is rotatably disposed between the multiple pulleys on both sides.

7. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, A sliding seat (17) is fixedly installed on one side of one of the columns (3), and a toothed rod (16) is slidably installed on the sliding seat (17). Toothed rings (15) are fixedly installed on the two short rods (13) at the top, and the toothed rod (16) meshes with the two toothed rings (15).

8. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, A fixed rod (11) is fixedly installed on the column (3) on which the sliding seat (17) is installed. A rotating rod (12) is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed rod (11). A wind vane (8) is rotatably installed on the rotating rod (12).

9. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The counterweights at both ends of the rack (16) are greater than the counterweights in the middle section, and the counterweights at the lower end of the wind vane (8) are greater than the counterweights at its upper end.

10. A BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) roof with a self-sealing snap-fit ​​mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that, A connecting frame (18) is fixedly provided on one side of the rack (16), and a sliding rod (19) is fixedly provided at one end of the connecting frame (18). A sliding hole (20) is provided on the wind vane (8), and the sliding rod (19) is slidably disposed in the sliding hole (20).

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