Interplanting method for avoiding forced maturity of flue-cured tobacco at high temperature

Abstract

The invention discloses an interplanting method for preventing flue-cured tobaccos from forced maturity at high temperature, which comprises the following steps: S1, after transplanting the flue-cured tobaccos, sowing interplanting crop corn; s2, after seedlings of the interplanting crop corn emerge, seedling removing treatment is conducted, and stamens are removed in the tasseling period of the interplanting crop corn; according to the method, corn is interlaced in flue-cured tobacco furrows, natural sunshade is formed by utilizing the height advantage of corn plants, the illumination intensity of tobacco leaves in the later period is effectively reduced, and direct stress of strong sunlight on the tobacco leaves is reduced; meanwhile, by controlling the plant spacing and position of interplanted crops and removing stamens in time, the interplanted crops are prevented from competing for nutrients with flue-cured tobacco, and pollen is prevented from polluting tobacco leaves; finally, the effects of reducing the proportion of the high-temperature forced-ripening tobacco leaves and ensuring the yield are achieved, and the problem that the tobacco leaf quality and yield are affected due to sunburn and false ripening caused by strong sunlight or high temperature in the later period of flue-cured tobacco is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to an intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco due to high temperatures. Background Technology

[0002] In the later stages of flue-cured tobacco leaf growth, strong sunlight and high temperature environments (daily maximum temperature ≥38℃, daily maximum light intensity ≥100000 Lx) can easily lead to sunburn, false ripening, and other phenomena in tobacco leaves, which manifest as premature aging and quality decline, seriously affecting the grade and price of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

[0003] Currently, the prevention and control of premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco due to high temperatures mostly relies on measures such as covering with shade nets or spraying water to cool down. However, these measures have problems such as high cost, complicated operation, and easy impact on field ventilation. Moreover, they are difficult to fundamentally alleviate the direct stress of high temperatures on tobacco leaves, resulting in a persistently high proportion of prematurely ripened tobacco leaves and difficulty in improving tobacco yield and quality.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost, easy-to-operate planting method that can effectively reduce the risk of premature ripening due to high temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application provides a method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures, which is used to solve the problem of how to reduce the proportion of tobacco leaves prematurely ripened at high temperatures and improve the economic benefits of tobacco leaves after curing.

[0006] To achieve the above technical objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, this application provides a method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures, comprising the following steps: S1. After transplanting flue-cured tobacco, sow intercropping crops such as corn; S2. After the intercropped corn seedlings emerge, the seedlings are thinned out, and the stamens are removed during the tasseling stage of the intercropped corn.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the intercropped corn variety is a tall variety with a plant height of more than 1.5m after maturity.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the timing for sowing the intercropped crop corn is 5-10 days after the tobacco transplanting.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the method of sowing intercropping corn is as follows: sowing is carried out in alternate rows in the flue-cured tobacco furrows, with the sowing point located between two flue-cured tobacco plants.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, when sowing intercropping crops such as corn, the spacing between corn plants is the same as the spacing between tobacco plants.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, when sowing the intercropped crop corn, 3-4 seeds are sown per hole.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the timing of the seedling removal treatment is within 10 days after the intercropped corn has emerged.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, after the seedling removal process, two corn plants are kept in each hole.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the timing for removing the stamens is 0-1 days after the stamens have grown.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides an intercropping method to avoid premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco under high temperature and strong sunlight conditions.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By intercropping corn in alternating rows within the flue-cured tobacco furrows, the height advantage of the corn plants forms natural shading, effectively reducing the light intensity in the later stages of tobacco growth and minimizing the direct stress of strong sunlight on the tobacco leaves. Simultaneously, by controlling the spacing and location of the intercropped crops and promptly removing the stamens, competition for nutrients between the intercropped crops and the flue-cured tobacco is avoided, and pollen contamination of the tobacco leaves is prevented. Ultimately, this achieves the effect of reducing the proportion of tobacco leaves prematurely ripened by high temperatures and ensuring yield, solving the problem of sunscald and false ripening caused by strong sunlight or high temperatures in the later stages of flue-cured tobacco growth, which in turn affects the quality and yield of the tobacco leaves. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a photograph of tobacco leaves at maturity, as shown in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] This application provides a method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures, comprising the following steps: S1. After transplanting flue-cured tobacco, sow intercropping crops such as corn; S2. After the intercropped corn seedlings emerge, the seedlings are thinned out, and the stamens are removed during the tasseling stage of the intercropped corn.

[0020] High-temperature premature ripening of tobacco leaves is an abnormal ripening phenomenon that occurs when the leaves are subjected to high-temperature stress during the ripening period. This leads to premature yellowing, whitening, scorching, or withering of the leaves, and such leaves are discarded and not included in the yield. In this application, corn is intercropped in alternate rows in the flue-cured tobacco furrows. The height advantage of the corn plants creates natural shading, effectively reducing the light intensity in the later stages of tobacco growth and reducing the direct stress of strong sunlight on the tobacco leaves. At the same time, by controlling the plant spacing and position of the intercropped crops and removing the stamens in a timely manner, the competition for nutrients between the intercropped crops and flue-cured tobacco is avoided, and pollen contamination of the tobacco leaves is prevented. Ultimately, this achieves the effect of reducing the proportion of high-temperature premature ripening of tobacco leaves and ensuring yield, solving the problem of sunscald and false ripening caused by strong sunlight or high temperatures in the later stages of flue-cured tobacco growth, which in turn affects the quality and yield of the tobacco leaves.

[0021] Compared to the problems of direct sunlight and high-temperature stress often faced in traditional flue-cured tobacco cultivation, this invention creates an efficient shading structure by controlling the type, timing, method, sowing parameters, and field management of intercropped crops. This effectively blocks direct sunlight from scorching the tobacco leaves and prevents cell damage. This method significantly reduces the false ripening phenomenon caused by sustained high temperatures, ensuring more uniform and complete maturity of the tobacco leaves during field development. Furthermore, this optimized environment improves the overall quality of the cured tobacco leaves, including key indicators such as color, thickness, aroma, and combustion performance, while directly increasing tobacco farmers' sales revenue and production efficiency.

[0022] In some embodiments, in step S1, the intercropped crop, corn, is a tall variety with a plant height of more than 1.5m after maturity.

[0023] In this embodiment, selecting a tall corn variety is beneficial for utilizing its height advantage to create natural shade. Compared to other tall-stalked crops (such as sorghum), intercropping with corn can significantly improve photosynthetic efficiency, and the mechanisms are as follows: First, microclimate regulation. The tall corn plants can shade tobacco during the high-temperature period in summer, reducing canopy temperature and light intensity, and minimizing damage to photosynthetic structures (such as chlorophyll and thylakoid membranes) caused by high temperatures; at the same time, corn has a very high transpiration rate, which can increase field air humidity, alleviate water stress in flue-cured tobacco, and thus maintain a high photosynthetic rate. Second, ecological synergy. The root niches of corn and tobacco are complementary, which may improve soil aeration and nutrient availability (e.g., organic acids secreted by corn roots promote phosphorus absorption), indirectly promoting the growth of flue-cured tobacco.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step S1, the timing for sowing the intercropped crop corn is 5-10 days after the tobacco transplanting.

[0025] In this embodiment, the timing of sowing the intercropping crop corn ensures that the intercropping crop and the flue-cured tobacco are in the same growth stage to avoid resource competition, while ensuring that the height of the intercropping crop is more than 30cm higher than the tobacco plant at the tobacco plant maturity stage.

[0026] In some embodiments, in step S1, the intercropping crop corn is sown in alternating rows in the flue-cured tobacco furrows, with the sowing point located between two flue-cured tobacco plants.

[0027] In this embodiment, the tobacco is sown in alternating rows within the flue-cured tobacco furrows, with the sowing point precisely located between two flue-cured tobacco plants. This maximizes land use and minimizes the shading impact on the flue-cured tobacco, thus shading the tobacco leaves while reducing the impact on the growth and development of the tobacco.

[0028] In some embodiments, in step S1, when sowing intercropping crops such as corn, the spacing between corn plants is the same as the spacing between tobacco plants.

[0029] In some embodiments, in step S1, when sowing intercropped corn, 3-4 seeds are sown per hole.

[0030] In this embodiment, controlling the plant spacing and sowing concentration of the intercropped corn helps to increase the emergence rate and ensure uniform plant distribution.

[0031] In some embodiments, in step S2, the timing of the seedling removal process is within 10 days after the intercropped corn has emerged.

[0032] In some embodiments, in step S2, after the seedling removal process, two corn plants are kept in each hole.

[0033] In this embodiment, two corn plants should be kept in each hole to avoid excessive competition for fertilizer among the plants.

[0034] In some embodiments, in step S2, the stamens are removed 0-1 days after they emerge.

[0035] In this embodiment, the stamens of the intercropped crop are removed immediately after they begin to grow to prevent pollen from falling and contaminating the surface of the tobacco leaves, thereby ensuring the quality and yield of the flue-cured tobacco.

[0036] This application provides a method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening under high temperatures, and its application in environments with strong sunlight and high temperatures.

[0037] The following specific embodiments further illustrate this solution.

[0038] Example 1 A method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures includes the following steps: S1. In the Wudian flue-cured tobacco planting area of ​​Zaoyang, the flue-cured tobacco variety is "Xiangyan No. 3". The plant spacing is 50cm and the row spacing is 120cm. On the 7th day after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the corn variety "Zhengdan 958" is intercropped. The intercropping location and method are as follows: sowing is carried out in the furrow between two rows of flue-cured tobacco (i.e., the furrow between every two rows of flue-cured tobacco). The sowing position is located in the middle of two flue-cured tobacco plants (i.e., 25cm away from each side of the flue-cured tobacco plant). The corn sowing plant spacing is the same as the flue-cured tobacco plant spacing (50cm). Two seeds are sown in each hole at a sowing depth of 3-4cm. S2. One day after the corn reaches the stage where the tassels emerge (stamens appear), all stamens are manually removed to prevent pollen from falling onto the tobacco leaves. Tobacco leaves treated at maturity are designated as group G1. Figure 1 As shown.

[0039] Example 2 A method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures includes the following steps: S1. At the flue-cured tobacco planting base in Tucheng, Fang County, the flue-cured tobacco variety is "Yunyan 87". The plant spacing is 55cm and the row spacing is 120cm. On the 5th day after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, the corn variety "Eyu 25" is intercropped. The intercropping location and method are as follows: sowing is carried out in the furrow of flue-cured tobacco every other row. The sowing position is located in the middle of two flue-cured tobacco plants (i.e., 27.5cm away from each of the two flue-cured tobacco plants). The corn sowing plant spacing is the same as the flue-cured tobacco plant spacing (55cm). 3 seeds are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 2-3cm. S2. One day after the corn grows to the point where the tassels emerge (the stamens grow), all the stamens are manually removed to prevent pollen from falling onto the surface of the tobacco leaves. The tobacco leaves treated at the mature stage are recorded as group G2.

[0040] Comparative Example 1 A method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures is described. The other contents are the same as in Example 1, except that corn is replaced with sorghum (red tassel), and the tobacco leaves at the ripening stage are designated as group G3.

[0041] Comparative Example 2 A method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures includes the following steps: In Yuwangmiao Village, Wudian Town, Zaoyang City, Hubei Province, Xiangyan No. 3 (a flue-cured tobacco variety) tobacco was transplanted. Salicylic acid, a cooling agent, was sprayed twice, 60 days and 80 days after transplanting. The dosage of salicylic acid was 390 g / hm², depending on the treatment area. 2 Calculate the dosage, dissolve the weighed salicylic acid in ethanol, prepare a 1500-fold dilution with water and spray. Treat mature tobacco leaves and record it as group G4.

[0042] Comparative Example 3 A method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures is the same as Comparative Example 2, except that salicylic acid is replaced with calcium chloride as a cooling agent, at a rate of 5 kg / hm².2 Calculate the dosage, prepare a 150-fold dilution of the pesticide solution with clean water, and spray it. Treat mature tobacco leaves and record them as group G5.

[0043] Comparative Example 4 A method for intercropping flue-cured tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures is described. The other contents are the same as in Example 1, except that after transplanting, the flue-cured tobacco is planted normally without intercropping treatment, and the tobacco leaves at the ripening stage are recorded as group G6.

[0044] Testing and Evaluation The cured tobacco leaves of each embodiment and comparative example were compared and analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Among them, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate were all measured by the LI-6400 photosynthesis instrument according to the product instructions; the proportion of tobacco leaves ripened at high temperature was calculated as the number of tobacco leaves ripened at high temperature / 20.

[0046] Table 1 Test Results

[0047] As shown in Table 1, the G1 and G2 treatment groups were significantly better than other groups in all key indicators (photosynthetic rate was 36% higher and transpiration rate was 92% higher), which may represent the optimal growth conditions. This indicates that the corn treatment has a significant effect on reducing the proportion of tobacco leaves prematurely ripened by high temperature.

[0048] The reason why intercropping sorghum (G3) was not effective is that sorghum plants are compact and have limited shading effect. At the same time, its transpiration is weak and it cannot effectively regulate the microclimate. Instead, it inhibits photosynthesis due to nutrient competition, resulting in lower indicators than the control.

[0049] In group G4, salicylic acid, as a plant stress resistance signaling molecule, can induce flue-cured tobacco to produce heat shock proteins, enhance cell membrane stability, and reduce the damage of high temperature to the photosynthetic system. Therefore, the photosynthetic rate of G4 was slightly higher than that of the G6 control (+8.5%). However, salicylic acid only regulates through chemical signals and lacks the synergistic effect of microclimate improvement from intercropping with maize, thus increasing the proportion of tobacco leaves prematurely ripened by high temperature.

[0050] In group G5, calcium chloride mainly enhances stress resistance by strengthening cell wall strength. However, in this experiment, calcium chloride had a weak direct promoting effect on the photosynthetic system and could not offset the inhibition of high temperature, resulting in lower index than the G6 control. Consequently, the proportion of tobacco leaves prematurely ripened by high temperature increased.

[0051] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping tobacco to avoid premature ripening at high temperatures, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After transplanting flue-cured tobacco, sow intercropping crops such as corn; S2. After the intercropped corn seedlings emerge, the seedlings are thinned out, and the stamens are removed during the tasseling stage of the intercropped corn.

2. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the intercropped crop, corn, is a tall variety with a plant height of 1.5m or more after maturity.

3. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the timing for sowing the intercropped crop corn is 5-10 days after the tobacco transplanting.

4. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the method of sowing and intercropping corn is as follows: sowing is carried out in alternate rows in the flue-cured tobacco furrows, with the sowing point located between two flue-cured tobacco plants.

5. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, when sowing the intercropped crop corn, the corn plant spacing is the same as that of the tobacco plant spacing.

6. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, when sowing the intercropped crop corn, 3-4 seeds are sown per hole.

7. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the timing of the seedling removal process is within 10 days after the intercropped corn has emerged.

8. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, after removing the seedlings, two corn plants are kept in each hole.

9. The intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco at high temperatures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the timing for removing the stamens is 0-1 days after the stamens have emerged.

10. The application of the intercropping method for avoiding premature ripening of flue-cured tobacco under high temperature as described in any one of claims 1-9 in strong sunlight and high temperature environments.

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