Multi-stage screening type feed raw material pretreatment device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing equipment, in particular to a multi-stage screening type feed raw material pretreatment device. Comprising a rack, a screening hopper is installed at the top of the rack, multiple layers of screening nets are arranged in the screening hopper in the vertical direction, the hole diameters of all the layers of screening nets are sequentially decreased from top to bottom, a vibration exciter is arranged outside the screening hopper, a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the top of the screening hopper, and a guiding hopper is arranged between the fixing frame and the screening hopper; a bottom plate of the guide hopper is composed of a curved surface section and a straight surface section which are connected, feed is dispersed and combed in the feeding process, so that the feed is fully dispersed before entering the first layer of screen, uniform feeding from the head of the screen is achieved, and the feeding efficiency is improved. Each layer of screen can fully screen feed within the target particle size range, small pellet feed can timely pass through the upper layer of screen holes and has a sufficient screening stroke on the lower layer of screen, and therefore the situation that qualified fine particles are wrapped and discharged from the upper layer is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed processing equipment technology, and more specifically, to a multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device. Background Technology

[0002] Precise screening of feed ingredients is a crucial pretreatment step in modern feed processing. By effectively classifying the particles of the raw materials, not only can impurities, excessively large or excessively fine particles be removed, but the stability of subsequent mixing, pelleting and other processes and the quality of the products can also be improved.

[0003] During storage, some feed may clump together and become compacted. If the compacted feed is not treated, it will affect the subsequent screening effect. Currently, the treatment of compacted feed often integrates the dispersing function into the screening process itself, relying on the vibration of the screen to simultaneously break up and screen the feed.

[0004] During this process, the not-yet-fully-dispersed material lumps continue to move towards the tail of the screen as the screen surface vibrates. By the time they are dispersed after traveling a certain distance, they are often close to or have reached the tail of the screen. The screening distance of the feed is greatly compressed, resulting in insufficient screening. Qualified feed may be discharged before it can be screened. For multi-layer screens, the starting position of the small particles of feed that fall from the upper screen after being dispersed corresponds to the dispersion point of the upper screen. This point is close to the tail of the upper screen. The effective screening path of the feed on the lower screen is short, which easily leads to qualified small particles that should be intercepted in the lower layer being carried away and discharged from the upper screen due to insufficient screening time and distance. Therefore, this application proposes a multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a multi-stage screening feed pretreatment device. By pre-dispersing and combing the feed during feeding, it ensures that the feed is fully dispersed and evenly fed from the head of the screen before entering the screen. This ensures that each screen layer can fully screen the feed of the target particle size, reducing the discharge of qualified small particles from the upper layer and guaranteeing the grading effect. This solves the problem mentioned in the background art: relying on screen vibration to simultaneously disperse and screen, resulting in incompletely dispersed material lumps moving to the vicinity of the screen tail before being dispersed, significantly shortening the effective screening distance, and causing insufficient screening.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a multi-stage screening feed pretreatment device includes a frame, a screen bucket installed on the top of the frame, multiple layers of screens arranged vertically inside the screen bucket, with the aperture of each layer of screens decreasing sequentially from top to bottom, a vibrator installed outside the screen bucket, a fixed frame fixedly connected to the top of the screen bucket, a guide hopper arranged between the fixed frame and the screen bucket, and a discharge port opened at the bottom of the guide hopper; The bottom plate of the feed hopper is composed of connected curved and straight sections. When the feed hopper vibrates, the curved sections are used to break up the upper layer of compacted feed. Inside the feed hopper and above the straight section, there is a feed distribution mechanism. The feed distribution mechanism includes a distribution plate and a scraper. The distribution plate is used to comb the feed so that it is evenly distributed across the width of the hopper. The scraper is used to control the thickness of the feed.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the curved section can crush and convey the compacted feed during vibration, and the material distribution mechanism can achieve uniform material distribution and thickness control, creating uniform, loose and thickness-controllable conditions for subsequent feed screening, thereby improving the effect of full screening of feed.

[0008] Based on the above, the material feeding mechanism also includes a top plate fixed to the top of the feed hopper, multiple material distribution plates are fixedly connected to the top plate, the scraper is fixed to one side of the top plate, and a bending part is provided at the connection between the top plate and the scraper.

[0009] Furthermore, a baffle plate is installed at the bottom of the guide hopper and below the discharge port. The baffle plate is slidable to control the opening size of the discharge port. A stop plate is symmetrically fixedly connected to the top of the baffle plate. The top of the stop plate extends into the inside of the guide hopper and contacts the back of the scraper to adjust the angle of the scraper when the baffle plate is slidable.

[0010] In the above technical solution, by thinning the bent part, the scraper has the ability to swing elastically, which provides the necessary conditions for the dynamic adjustment of the feeding thickness. At the same time, by adjusting the size of the discharge port by the baffle plate, not only can the feed flow be controlled, but the angle of the scraper can also be changed by the linkage of the moving stop plate, thereby adjusting the feeding thickness synchronously downstream of the distribution plate to adapt to feed with different processing volume or particle size.

[0011] The curved section is composed of three connected protrusions, and the height of the three protrusions decreases one by one to generate vibrations of different frequencies. A crushing cone is fixedly installed on the upper surface of both the protrusions and the straight section, and the receiving end of the crushing cone has a triangular structure.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the progressively decreasing height of the protrusions causes the feed to be thrown up at different heights as it flows through, thereby creating oscillations at different frequencies to effectively break up compacted feed. At the same time, the triangular-tipped crushing cone concentrates stress, effectively penetrating and tearing the interior of the compacted feed. The synergy of the two can significantly improve the pre-dispersion effect on the feed, facilitating subsequent screening.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this multi-stage screening feed pretreatment device, the feed is dispersed and combed during the feeding process, so that the feed is fully dispersed before entering the first screen and uniform feeding is achieved from the screen head. This allows each screen to fully screen the feed within its target particle size range. Small particles can pass through the upper screen holes in time and have sufficient screening stroke on the lower screen, thereby reducing the situation where qualified fine particles are carried away from the upper layer and ensuring the grading effect of the feed.

[0014] 2. In this multi-stage screening feed pretreatment device, by setting an independent guide hopper with a vibration motor and setting a gradient protrusion and a curved section of crushing cone inside it, the agglomerated lumps in the feed can be actively and fully vibrated and dispersed before the feed enters the hopper. This replaces the traditional equipment that relies on the vibration of the screen body to complete the dispersion and screening simultaneously, creating an ideal state for subsequent feed screening.

[0015] 3. In this multi-stage screening feed pretreatment device, the feed pretreatment can be evenly combed to the same width as the screen surface through the distribution plate and adjustable scraper in the feeding mechanism, and then spread and fall with a controllable thickness. This allows all feed to be screened from the head of the screen, making full use of the effective screening length and area of ​​the entire screen surface, avoiding local congestion or insufficient screening caused by uneven distribution or excessively thick material layer, thereby improving the accuracy of single screening. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the screen hopper and the guide hopper of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the material guide hopper of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the feed hopper of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the material feeding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the changing state of the scraper when the baffle plate moves according to the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle plate of the present invention.

[0017] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Frame; 2. Screen bucket; 3. Vibrator; 4. Fixed frame; 401. Elastic plate; 5. Guide hopper; 501. Curved section; 502. Straight section; 503. Crushing cone; 504. Discharge port; 6. Vibrating motor; 7. Conveying hopper; 8. Baffle plate; 801. Stop plate; 802. End side; 803. Movable slot; 9. Discharge mechanism; 901. Top plate; 902. Distributor plate; 903. Scraper; 9031. Overflow port; 904. Bending section. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of this invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] Because the feed is both broken up and screened by the vibration of the screen, the lumps that are not completely dispersed continue to move towards the tail of the screen as the screen surface vibrates. By the time they are dispersed after traveling a certain distance, they are often close to or have reached the tail of the screen. The screening distance of the feed is greatly compressed, resulting in insufficient screening. Qualified feed may be discharged before it can be screened. For multi-layer screens, the starting position of small particles of feed that fall from the upper screen after being dispersed corresponds to the dispersion point of the upper screen. This landing point is close to the tail of the upper screen. The effective screening path of the feed on the lower screen is short, which easily leads to qualified small particles that should be intercepted in the lower layer being carried away and discharged from the upper screen due to insufficient screening time and distance.

[0020] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a multi-stage screening feed ingredient pretreatment device, with reference to... Figure 1-4As shown, the machine includes a frame 1, with a screen hopper 2 mounted on top of the frame 1. At least two layers of screens are vertically arranged inside the screen hopper 2, with each layer arranged horizontally and parallel to the others. The aperture size decreases sequentially from top to bottom, used for screening feed of different particle sizes. The screens are fixed to the screen hopper 2 with screws for easy replacement. The screens are inclined at a 15-20 degree angle to the horizontal plane. A vibrator 3 is installed outside the screen hopper 2. The frame 1 and the screen hopper 2 are connected by a spring column, ensuring the stability of the frame 1 while improving the vibration effect of the screen hopper 2. The vibrator 3 consists of a motor, a main shaft, and an eccentric block. The main shaft is installed inside the screen hopper 2, and the eccentric block is sleeved on the outside of the main shaft. To ensure the stability of the motor, a flexible connection is used to connect it to the main shaft. The motor drives the main shaft and eccentric block to rotate, generating vibration. The screen bucket 2 and its internal screen vibrate synchronously under the action of the spring column, preparing for feed screening. A fixed frame 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the screen bucket 2, and a guide hopper 5 is set between the fixed frame 4 and the screen bucket 2. Elastic plates 401 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the fixed frame 4. The guide hopper 5 is fixed between the two elastic plates 401 and can undergo elastic deformation under the action of external force to improve the vibration effect of the guide hopper 5. A conveying hopper 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed frame 4, and a vibration motor 6 for driving its vibration is fixedly connected to the outside of the guide hopper 5. Through the vibration of the vibration motor 6, the feed entering the guide hopper 5 can be dispersed and flowed to the discharge port 504. The vibration motor 6 can generate vibrations at different frequencies than the vibrator 3, which can improve the effect of feed dispersion.

[0021] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the bottom plate of the feed hopper 5 is composed of a connected curved section 501 and a straight section 502. The bottom plate is inclined at a 6-10 degree angle to the horizontal plane, and the inclination direction of the feed hopper 5 is opposite to that of the screen. Under the action of vibration and its own gravity, the feed moves continuously along the bottom plate from the inlet end to the discharge port 504. When the feed hopper 5 vibrates, the curved section 501 is used to break up the upper layer of compacted feed. The curved section 501 consists of three connected protrusions, and the height of the three protrusions decreases successively to generate different frequencies. The upper surface of both the protrusion and the straight section 502 is fixedly equipped with a crushing cone 503. The receiving end of the crushing cone 503 has a triangular structure. Through the gradient design of the protrusion of the curved section 501, the falling height and impact angle of the feed change when it flows through different protrusions, thereby generating local vibrations of different frequencies to achieve the oscillation and crushing of the clumped feed. Furthermore, through the design of the tip of the crushing cone 503, the stress concentration effect can be improved, thereby efficiently penetrating and tearing the clumped feed blocks and improving the dispersion effect of the feed.

[0022] like Figure 5-7As shown, a feeding mechanism 9 is provided inside the feed hopper 5 and above the straight section 502. The feeding mechanism 9 includes a distribution plate 902 and a scraper 903. The distribution plate 902 is used to comb the feed so that it is evenly distributed on the width of the sieve hopper 2. The scraper 903 is used to control the thickness of the feed. The feeding mechanism 9 also includes a top plate 901 fixed to the top of the feed hopper 5. Multiple distribution plates 902 are fixedly connected to the top plate 901. The scraper 903 is fixed to one side of the top plate 901. A bending part 904 is provided at the connection between the top plate 901 and the scraper 903, which bends in the direction of feeding into the feed hopper 5. The bending direction of the bending part 904 allows the scraper 903 to elastically swing towards or away from the bottom plate of the feed hopper 5 with the bending part 904 as its axis. The bottom end of the scraper 903 extends into the interior of the feed hopper 5, and an overflow port 9031 is provided on the scraper 903. The top plate 901 has side panels on both sides, which are fixed to the guide hopper 5 with screws to ensure the stability of the unloading mechanism 9 after installation. After the top plate 901 is installed, the distribution plate 902 abuts against the bottom wall of the guide hopper 5. Multiple distribution plates 902 are arranged longitudinally and at equal intervals below the top plate 901, and the distribution plates 902 are inclined to better guide the feed concentrated in the middle of the screen hopper 2, and to evenly comb and guide the falling feed to the entire working width of the screen hopper 2, effectively eliminating the accumulation of feed in the middle of the screen, thereby making full use of the screen surface area and improving the screening capacity. The scraper 903 is located downstream of the distribution plate 902, and its bottom end is close to the bottom plate of the guide hopper 5. It is used to control and scrape the thickness of the feed layer, so as to avoid the excessively thick material layer from affecting the screening accuracy and efficiency. The overflow port 9031 is designed to allow some feed to pass through when the feed flow is too large, preventing the feed from forming a blockage in front of the scraper 903.

[0023] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the bottom of the guide hopper 5 has a discharge port 504. A baffle plate 8 is installed at the bottom of the guide hopper 5 and below the discharge port 504. End supports 802 are symmetrically fixed to both ends of the baffle plate 8. The end supports 802 fit against the outer wall of the guide hopper 5. A movable slot 803 is opened inside the end supports 802. Studs are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the guide hopper 5, and the movable slots 803 slide on the outer side of the studs. Nuts for locking the baffle plate 8 are threaded onto the studs. The sliding baffle plate 8 controls the discharge port. The opening size of the discharge port 504 is such that the movable slot 803 cooperates with the stud fixed on the outside of the feed hopper 5, so that the entire baffle plate 8 can slide laterally along the stud. The position can be locked by tightening the nut, thereby flexibly controlling the opening size of the discharge port 504 to adapt to different feed processing volumes and particle sizes. The top of the baffle plate 8 is symmetrically fixedly connected with a stop plate 801. The top of the stop plate 801 extends into the inside of the feed hopper 5 and contacts the back of the scraper 903 to adjust the angle of the scraper 903 when the baffle plate 8 is slidable. By thinning the bending section 904, when the sliding baffle 8 moves, the stop plate 801 will simultaneously push or release the scraper 903, causing it to swing along the bending section 904, thereby dynamically adjusting the tilt angle of the scraper 903. When the opening of the discharge port 504 is increased, such as... Figure 7 As shown in S1, the scraper 903 is more inclined, and the distance between the scraper 903 and the bottom plate of the guide hopper 5 increases, as shown in... Figure 7 As shown in f1, the feed thickness is increased to accommodate larger feed particles. When the discharge port opening of 504 is adjusted to a smaller value, such as... Figure 7 As shown in S2, the angle of scraper 903 tends to be upright, and the distance between scraper 903 and the bottom plate of guide hopper 5 decreases, as shown in... Figure 7 As shown in f2, the feed thickness is reduced to accommodate smaller feed particles.

[0024] The working principle of this invention is as follows: According to the particle size and processing volume requirements of the feed raw materials, the sliding baffle plate 8 moves along the studs on the outside of the guide hopper 5 through the movable slots 803 on its two end supports 802. After moving to the required position, the nut is tightened to lock the baffle plate 8 in place, which is used to adjust the opening size of the discharge port 504. While the sliding baffle plate 8 is sliding, the stop plate 801 fixed on its top moves accordingly. The top of the stop plate 801 is always in contact with the back of the scraper 903, thereby pushing or releasing the scraper 903, causing the scraper 903 to swing around the bend 904 on the top plate 901. As a result, the gap between the bottom end of the scraper 903 and the bottom plate of the guide hopper 5 is adjusted, thereby setting the feed thickness through which the feed passes. Feed raw materials fall from the feed hopper 7 into the guide hopper 5. The vibration motor 6 is started to drive the guide hopper 5 to vibrate. This vibration causes the feed raw materials in the guide hopper 5 to initially disperse and flow along the bottom plate of the guide hopper 5 towards the discharge port 504. As the feed flows towards the discharge port 504, it first passes through the curved section 501 of the bottom plate of the guide hopper 5. The curved section 501 is composed of three protrusions with decreasing height. When the feed flows through, it is thrown up and impacted with varying amplitude. The clumps are broken up by vibration in this process. The crushing cones 503 set on the curved section 501 and the straight section 502 further penetrate and disperse the feed clumps. The crushed feed continues to flow to the straight section 502 area and reaches the bottom of the unloading mechanism 9. The distribution plate 902 combs the feed and evenly distributes it across the entire working width of the screen hopper 2. The feed then passes through the channel formed by the gap at the bottom of the scraper 903. The scraper 903 flattens the feed layer and controls it to fall at a set thickness. When the feed flow is too large, some feed can pass through the overflow port 9031 on the scraper 903 to prevent blockage. After being crushed and homogenized, the feed is evenly sprinkled onto the screens in the lower sieve 2 through the discharge port 504, which has been adjusted to the desired opening. At the same time, the vibrator 3 drives the sieve 2 and the multiple screens inside to vibrate. Feed of different particle sizes is separated by the corresponding screens under the action of vibration and discharged from the discharge ports of each layer of screens, thus completing multi-stage screening.

[0025] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage screening feed pretreatment device, comprising a frame (1), wherein a screen hopper (2) is installed on the top of the frame (1), and multiple layers of screen mesh are arranged vertically inside the screen hopper (2), with the aperture of each layer of screen mesh decreasing sequentially from top to bottom, and a vibrator (3) is arranged outside the screen hopper (2), characterized in that: A fixed frame (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the sieve bucket (2), and a guide bucket (5) is provided between the fixed frame (4) and the sieve bucket (2). A discharge port (504) is opened at the bottom of the guide bucket (5). The bottom plate of the feed hopper (5) is composed of a curved section (501) and a straight section (502) connected to each other. When the feed hopper (5) vibrates, the curved section (501) is used to break up the upper layer of compacted feed. Inside the feed hopper (5) and above the straight section (502), there is a feed distribution mechanism (9). The feed distribution mechanism (9) includes a distribution plate (902) and a scraper (903). The distribution plate (902) is used to comb the feed so that it is evenly distributed on the width of the sieve hopper (2). The scraper (903) is used to control the thickness of the feed.

2. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material feeding mechanism (9) also includes a top plate (901) fixed to the top of the guide hopper (5), and multiple material distribution plates (902) are fixedly connected to the top plate (901). The scraper (903) is fixed to one side of the top plate (901), and a bending part (904) is provided at the connection between the top plate (901) and the scraper (903).

3. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom end of the scraper (903) extends into the inside of the guide hopper (5), and an overflow port (9031) is provided on the scraper (903).

4. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A baffle plate (8) is installed at the bottom of the feed hopper (5) and below the discharge port (504). The baffle plate (8) is slidable to control the opening size of the discharge port (504).

5. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the baffle plate (8) is symmetrically fixedly connected with a stop plate (801). The top of the stop plate (801) extends into the guide hopper (5) and contacts the back of the scraper (903) to adjust the angle of the scraper (903) when the baffle plate (8) is slidable.

6. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The baffle plate (8) is symmetrically fixedly connected to end supports (802) at both ends. The end supports (802) are in contact with the outer wall of the guide hopper (5). The end supports (802) have a movable slot (803) inside. The guide hopper (5) is symmetrically provided with studs on the outside. The movable slot (803) slides on the outside of the studs. The studs are threaded with nuts for locking the baffle plate (8).

7. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved section (501) is composed of three connected protrusions, and the height of the three protrusions decreases one by one to generate vibrations of different frequencies.

8. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both the protrusion and the upper surface of the straight section (502) are fixedly provided with a crushing cone (503), and the receiving end of the crushing cone (503) has a triangular structure.

9. The multi-stage screening feed raw material pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed frame (4) is symmetrically fixed with elastic plates (401), and the guide hopper (5) is fixed between the two elastic plates (401).

10. The multi-stage screening feed ingredient pretreatment device according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The top of the fixed frame (4) is fixedly connected to a conveying hopper (7), and the outside of the guide hopper (5) is fixedly connected to a vibration motor (6) for driving its vibration.

Images