Extrusion molding preparation method of ceramic material

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic material extrusion forming die which comprises an extrusion die structure, and the extrusion die structure comprises a die sleeve; the extrusion cap is in threaded connection with one end of the inner wall of the die sleeve; and the main hole needle is arranged in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve. The invention relates to the technical field of hot runner heaters, which is characterized in that magnesium oxide (seawater magnesium) or aluminum oxide is adopted as a raw material, cellulose and water are added in proportion, the uniformly mixed soft raw material is extruded out of an extrusion die through an extruder, and a round-tube-shaped or semi-tube-shaped ceramic inner sleeve is formed after sintering and shaping. Compared with an inner sleeve made of a metal material, the inner sleeve of the heater has the advantages that the production process of the inner sleeve of the heater is simplified, the operation difficulty of embedding and mounting a heating wire of a heating element is reduced, the rejection rate caused by processing the through holes is reduced, and meanwhile, the density of the ceramic material is relatively small, so that the production efficiency is improved. The overall weight of the heater is reduced, and the production cost of the hot runner heater is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hot runner heater technology, specifically to a method for preparing ceramic materials by extrusion molding. Background Technology

[0002] Hot runner heaters are key components used in plastic injection molds. They keep the plastic in the runner molten by heating, ensuring smooth flow of the plastic during injection and effectively preventing runner blockage or product defects caused by plastic cooling and solidification. The heating structure of the hot runner consists of heating elements embedded in a metal sleeve in a wound manner, with heat transfer through the metal sleeve. The main materials of the metal sleeve include aluminum alloy and copper alloy.

[0003] In the existing technology, hot runner heaters use metal (copper alloy, aluminum alloy) as the inner sleeve, which requires the metal tube to be extruded, drawn, heat treated and machined. The production process is complicated, the subsequent embedding of heating wire is difficult, the scrap rate is high, and the heater with metal inner sleeve is heavy and has high production cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing ceramic materials by extrusion molding, which aims to simplify the production process of the inner sleeve of the hot runner heater, reduce the difficulty of installing heating elements, and reduce overall weight and production costs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a ceramic material extrusion molding die, comprising an extrusion die structure, the extrusion die structure including a die sleeve; an extrusion cap threadedly connected to one end of the inner wall of the die sleeve; a main pin disposed in the inner cavity of the die sleeve; a main pin base disposed at the end of the main pin away from the extrusion cap; two positioning pin bases disposed on the side of the main pin base near the extrusion cap and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main pin base; multiple positioning pins disposed at equal intervals on the side of the positioning pin base near the extrusion cap; and a fixing structure disposed inside the die sleeve on the side away from the extrusion cap; wherein, the main pin is installed in the inner cavity of the die sleeve through the main pin base and the fixing structure, and two sets of positioning pins are arranged at equal intervals on both sides of the main pin through the positioning pin base, so that an extrusion channel is formed between the extrusion cap, the main pin, and the positioning pins.

[0006] Preferably, the fixing structure includes a connecting plate, and multiple connecting plates are provided, which are equidistantly distributed on the outer side of the main hole needle base; a limiting groove is opened on the inner wall of the mold sleeve at the end away from the extrusion cap; a fixing base is fitted and connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove, and is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting plate away from the main hole needle base; wherein, the fixing base is fixed to the main hole needle base through the connecting plate, and the mold sleeve positions and fixes the fixing base through the limiting groove, and keeps the main hole needle and the axis of the inner cavity of the mold sleeve consistent.

[0007] Preferably, the main hole needle has dividing plates on both sides near the end of the extrusion cap, and the dividing plates are spaced apart from the positioning needle base.

[0008] Preferably, the end of the main hole needle base away from the extrusion cap is provided with a rounded end.

[0009] This application also provides a ceramic material extruder, including a base and the aforementioned ceramic material extrusion molding die. A screw extruder is fixedly connected to the top of the base, a screw feeder is installed at the input end of the screw extruder, a storage tank is installed at the input end of the screw feeder, and a conveying structure is provided inside the screw extruder.

[0010] Preferably, the conveying structure includes a conveying cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the top of the machine base, and one end of the top is connected to the output end of the screw feeder; two extrusion screws are provided, rotatably connected to the two sides inside the conveying cylinder; helical gears are provided at both ends of the extrusion screws, and adjacent helical gears are meshed with each other; a servo motor is fixedly connected to the top of the machine base at one end of the conveying cylinder, and its output end is driven to one of the extrusion screws; a mold mounting structure is provided at the bottom of the end of the conveying cylinder away from the screw feeder; wherein, the two extrusion screws are driven to rotate inside the conveying cylinder by the servo motor and helical gears, so that the raw material is fully mixed and conveyed in the conveying cylinder, and extruded under a certain pressure.

[0011] Preferably, the mold mounting structure includes a connecting bend, which is connected to the bottom of the end of the conveying cylinder away from the servo motor, and the inner wall of the end away from the conveying cylinder is threaded to the outer wall of the mold sleeve; a gasket is connected to the inner wall of the connecting bend and to the outer walls of the mold sleeve and the fixed base; a limiting end plate is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting bend away from the conveying cylinder and to the outer wall of the mold sleeve; wherein, the connecting bend connects the inner cavity of the mold sleeve with the inner cavity of the conveying cylinder, the gasket limits the fixed base inside the connecting bend, and the limiting end plate limits the mold sleeve at the end of the connecting bend.

[0012] Preferably, the extrusion screw includes a wide-pitch mixing section located at one end of the extrusion screw near the output end of the screw feeder; a conical venting section located on the side of the extrusion screw away from the servo motor of the wide-pitch mixing section; and a discharge straight rod section located on the side of the extrusion screw away from the wide-pitch mixing section of the conical venting section. The wide-pitch mixing section, the conical venting section, and the discharge straight rod section enable the extrusion screw to form a helical structure with different pitches. The wide-pitch mixing section is used for the thorough mixing and conveying of soft raw materials, the conical venting section is used to discharge gas from the raw materials, and the discharge straight rod section is used to convey the raw materials to the output end at a stable pressure.

[0013] This application also provides a method for preparing ceramic materials by extrusion molding, including the following steps: S1. Select a suitable extrusion die structure according to the specifications and shape of the ceramic products to be processed. When the ceramic products to be processed are tubular, select an extrusion die structure without a dividing plate. When the ceramic products to be processed are semi-tubes, select an extrusion die structure with a dividing plate and install it inside the end of the connecting bend. S2. Using magnesium oxide powder or aluminum oxide as the base material, add cellulose and water in proportion, mix evenly with a mixer to form a soft raw material, and put the evenly mixed soft raw material into a storage tank; S3. The screw feeder transports the soft raw material from the storage tank to the inside of the screw extruder's conveying cylinder. At the same time, the servo motor drives one extrusion screw to rotate, and through two sets of meshing helical gears, it drives the other extrusion screw to rotate. The two extrusion screws rotate in opposite directions inside the conveying cylinder, so that the soft raw material is fully mixed in the wide-pitch mixing section and then transported to the conical shaft exhaust section to discharge the gas mixed in the raw material. Finally, the discharge straight rod section continuously transports the soft raw material to the connecting bend pipe with stable pressure. S4. The soft raw material in the connecting bend continuously enters the mold sleeve through the gap between the connecting plates, and is further compressed through the conical transition section of the inner cavity of the mold sleeve, and fully fills the extrusion channel between the main hole needle, positioning needle and extrusion cap. The mold with the dividing plate divides the soft raw material into the corresponding semi-tube shape, and finally extrudes it into shape and specifications according to the preset shape through the extrusion channel. S5. After the soft raw material is extruded from the mold, it is directly immersed in a cold water tank for cooling and shaping. The shaped ceramic product is then smoothly moved out of the extrusion area by a special tray or conveyor belt, and then sintered in a sintering furnace. After being shaped after being taken out of the furnace, the final product is obtained.

[0014] This invention provides a method for preparing ceramic materials by extrusion molding. It offers the following advantages: the ceramic material extrusion molding die extrudes uniformly mixed soft raw materials through a specific die, forming a cylindrical or semi-tubular ceramic inner sleeve after sintering and shaping. Multiple uniformly distributed through holes are formed inside the tube wall. Compared to metal inner sleeves, this method simplifies the production process of the heater inner sleeve and reduces the difficulty of embedding and installing the heating element heating wire, thereby reducing the scrap rate caused by processing through holes. Furthermore, due to the relatively low density of ceramic materials, the overall weight of the heater can be reduced, which helps to lower the production cost of the hot runner heater. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mold sleeve, extrusion cap, and fixing structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mold sleeve and the limiting groove in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wide-pitch mixing section, the conical shaft exhaust section, and the helical gear in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the external appearance of the main hole pin, positioning pin, and fixing base in this invention; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Machine base; 2. Screw extruder; 3. Screw feeder; 4. Storage tank; 5. Extrusion die structure; 6. Conveying structure; 51. Die sleeve; 52. Extrusion cap; 53. Main hole pin; 54. Main hole pin base; 55. Positioning pin base; 56. Positioning pin; 57. Fixing structure; 58. Dividing plate; 59. Round end; 571. Connecting plate; 572. Limiting groove; 573. Fixing base; 61. Conveying cylinder; 62. Extrusion screw; 63. Helical gear; 64. Servo motor; 65. Die mounting structure; 621. Wide-gap mixing section; 622. Conical shaft exhaust section; 623. Discharge straight rod section; 651. Connecting bend; 652. Gasket; 653. Limiting end plate. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Those skilled in the art can connect the components in this case sequentially. The specific connection and operation sequence should refer to the working principle described below. The detailed connection methods are well-known technologies in the field. The working principle and process are mainly described below.

[0019] Depend on Figure 1-7It is known that a ceramic material extrusion molding die includes an extrusion die structure 5, which includes a die sleeve 51, an extrusion cap 52, a main hole pin 53, a main hole pin base 54, a positioning pin 56, and a fixing structure 57. The extrusion cap 52 is threaded to one end of the inner wall of the die sleeve 51; the main hole pin 53 is disposed in the inner cavity of the die sleeve 51; the main hole pin base 54 is disposed at the end of the main hole pin 53 away from the extrusion cap 52; two positioning pin bases 55 are provided, disposed on the side of the main hole pin base 54 near the extrusion cap 52. The main pins 53 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main pin base 54; multiple positioning pins 56 are provided, equidistantly arranged on the side of the positioning pin base 55 near the extrusion cap 52; the fixing structure 57 is provided inside the mold sleeve 51 on the side away from the extrusion cap 52; wherein, the main pin 53 is installed in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51 through the main pin base 54 and the fixing structure 57, and the two sets of positioning pins 56 are equidistantly arranged on both sides of the main pin 53 through the positioning pin base 55, so that an extrusion channel is formed between the extrusion cap 52, the main pin 53 and the positioning pins 56; In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that the main hole needle 53 is installed in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51 through the main hole needle base 54 and the fixing structure 57, so that the main hole needle 53 and the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51 are aligned, forming an extrusion channel between the main hole needle 53 and the extrusion cap 52. The positioning needles 56 are equidistantly arranged in the extrusion channels on both sides of the main hole needle 53 through the positioning needle base 55. The soft raw material is continuously transported to the mold sleeve 51 from the output end of the screw extruder 2, and further compressed through the conical transition section of the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51, fully filling the extrusion channel between the main hole needle 53, the positioning needles 56 and the extrusion cap 52. Finally, it is extruded according to the preset shape and specifications through the extrusion channel to form a cylindrical ceramic product blank, and multiple evenly distributed through hole structures are formed inside the tube walls on both sides, which provides convenience for the subsequent installation of heating elements. Furthermore, the fixing structure 57 includes a connecting plate 571, a limiting groove 572, and a fixing base 573. Multiple connecting plates 571 are provided and are equidistantly distributed on the outer side of the main hole needle base 54. The limiting groove 572 is opened on the inner wall of the mold sleeve 51 at the end away from the extrusion cap 52. The fixing base 573 is fitted and connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove 572 and is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting plate 571 away from the main hole needle base 54. The fixing base 573 is fixed to the main hole needle base 54 through the connecting plate 571, and the mold sleeve 51 positions and fixes the fixing base 573 through the limiting groove 572, so that the main hole needle 53 is aligned with the axis of the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51. In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that, through the cooperation of the main hole needle base 54, the connecting plate 571 and the fixed base 573, the annular fixed base 573 is fixed to the main hole needle base 54 through the connecting plate 571, so that the axis of the fixed base 573 coincides with the axis of the main hole needle 53, and a gap is formed between the connecting plates 571, so that the soft raw material can pass smoothly and enter the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51. The inner wall of the mold sleeve 51 accurately positions and firmly fixes the fixed base 573 through the limiting groove 572, ensuring that the main hole needle 53 will not shift during the extrusion process, thereby ensuring the dimensional accuracy and shape stability of the extruded product. Furthermore, the main hole needle 53 is provided with dividing pieces 58 on both sides of one end near the extrusion cap 52, and the dividing pieces 58 are spaced apart from the positioning needle base 55. In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that when it is necessary to prepare semi-tube shaped ceramic products, an extrusion die with a main hole needle 53 having dividing plates 58 on both sides is selected for installation. During the extrusion of soft raw materials, the dividing plates 58 divide the soft raw materials, so that the soft raw materials are extruded to form two semi-tube shaped ceramic product blanks, so as to meet the production needs of ceramic products of different shapes. Furthermore, the main hole needle base 54 is provided with a rounded end 59 at the end away from the extrusion cap 52; In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that the design of the round end 59 can reduce the resistance of the main hole needle base 54 to the raw material during the extrusion of soft raw material, making the raw material extrusion smoother. Specifically, magnesium oxide (seawater magnesium) or aluminum oxide is used as the base material, and cellulose and water are added in proportion. The mixture is uniformly mixed into a soft raw material by a mixer, and then the uniformly mixed soft raw material is extruded from the extrusion die by an extruder. After the ceramic tube is extruded, it is directly immersed in a cold water tank for cooling and shaping. After sintering and shaping, a round or semi-tube-shaped ceramic inner sleeve can be formed. Compared with metal inner sleeves, the production process of the heater inner sleeve is simplified. By forming multiple uniformly distributed through holes inside the tube walls on both sides, the operation difficulty of embedding and installing the heating element heating wire is reduced, thereby reducing the scrap rate caused by processing through holes. At the same time, since the density of ceramic material is relatively low, the overall weight of the heater is reduced, effectively reducing the production cost of hot runner heaters.

[0020] This application also provides a ceramic material extruder, including a base 1 and the above-mentioned ceramic material extrusion molding die. A screw extruder 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1. A screw feeder 3 is installed at the input end of the screw extruder 2. A storage tank 4 is installed at the input end of the screw feeder 3. A conveying structure 6 is provided inside the screw extruder 2. In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that the base 1 is used to support and fix the ceramic material extrusion equipment, and the screw feeder 3 is used to transport the soft raw material in the storage tank 4 to the screw extruder 2 to ensure the stability and continuity of the raw material supply. The conveying structure 6 of the screw extruder 2 adopts a twin-screw design to realize the mixing and degassing of the raw material, and to transport the soft raw material to the extrusion die structure 5 under a certain pressure for extrusion and shaping. The specific model of the screw feeder 3 is not limited, as long as it meets the usage requirements.

[0021] Furthermore, the conveying structure 6 includes a conveying cylinder 61, an extrusion screw 62, a helical gear 63, a servo motor 64, and a mold mounting structure 65. The conveying cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1, and one end of the top is connected to the output end of the screw feeder 3. Two extrusion screws 62 are provided and rotatably connected to the two sides inside the conveying cylinder 61. The helical gears 63 are provided at both ends of the extrusion screws 62, and two adjacent helical gears 63 are meshed with each other. The servo motor 64 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 1 at one end of the conveying cylinder 61, and its output end is driven to one of the extrusion screws 62. The mold mounting structure 65 is provided at the bottom of the end of the conveying cylinder 61 away from the screw feeder 3. The servo motor 64 and the helical gear 63 drive the two extrusion screws 62 to rotate inside the conveying cylinder 61, so that the raw material is fully mixed and conveyed inside the conveying cylinder 61 and extruded under a certain pressure. In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that the screw extruder 2 adopts a twin-screw structure. The servo motor 64 drives one extrusion screw 62 to rotate, and drives the other extrusion screw 62 to rotate through two sets of meshing helical gears 63. The two extrusion screws 62 rotate in opposite directions in the conveying cylinder 61, so that the soft raw material is fully mixed in the conveying cylinder 61 and the gas trapped in the raw material is discharged, ensuring the stability of the extrusion process and the uniformity of the raw material. This avoids the presence of air bubbles in the raw material, which can cause defects in the extruded products and affect the quality and performance of the products. Furthermore, the total power of the screw extruder 2 and the screw feeder 3 can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the equipment compared with the total power of the metal alloy extrusion equipment, thereby reducing production costs. The die mounting structure 65 is used to install and fix the extrusion die at the output end of the screw extruder 2. The specific model of the servo motor 64 is not limited, as long as it meets the usage requirements. Furthermore, the mold mounting structure 65 includes a connecting bend 651, a gasket 652, and a limiting end plate 653. The connecting bend 651 is connected to the bottom of the end of the conveying cylinder 61 away from the servo motor 64, and the inner wall of the end away from the conveying cylinder 61 is threaded to the outer wall of the mold sleeve 51. The gasket 652 is connected to the inner wall of the connecting bend 651 and to the outer walls of the mold sleeve 51 and the fixed base 573. The limiting end plate 653 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting bend 651 away from the conveying cylinder 61 and to the outer wall of the mold sleeve 51. The connecting bend 651 connects the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 51 with the inner cavity of the conveying cylinder 61. The gasket 652 limits the fixed base 573 inside the connecting bend 651, and the limiting end plate 653 limits the mold sleeve 51 at the end of the connecting bend 651. In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that one end of the connecting bend 651 is fixed to the output end of the screw extruder 2, and the die sleeve 51 is fixed to the end of the connecting bend 651 away from the conveying cylinder 61 by means of thread connection, which facilitates the installation and replacement of the extrusion die. Moreover, the die sleeve 51 is limited at the end of the connecting bend 651 by the limiting end plate 653, which can ensure the stability of the die sleeve 51 during the extrusion process. The gasket 652 limits the fixed base 573 to ensure the concentricity of the main hole needle 53 and the die sleeve 51, further improving the precision of the extruded product. Furthermore, the extrusion screw 62 includes a wide-pitch mixing section 621, a conical venting section 622, and a discharge straight section 623. The wide-pitch mixing section 621 is located at one end of the extrusion screw 62 near the output end of the screw feeder 3; the conical venting section 622 is located on the side of the extrusion screw 62 away from the servo motor 64 of the wide-pitch mixing section 621; and the discharge straight section 623 is located on the side of the extrusion screw 62 away from the wide-pitch mixing section 621 of the conical venting section 622. The wide-pitch mixing section 621, the conical venting section 622, and the discharge straight section 623 enable the extrusion screw 62 to form a helical structure with different pitches. The wide-pitch mixing section 621 is used for the thorough mixing and conveying of soft raw materials, the conical venting section 622 is used for discharging gas from the raw materials, and the discharge straight section 623 is used for conveying the raw materials to the output end at a stable pressure. In the specific implementation process, it is worth noting that the wide-spacing mixing section 621, the conical venting section 622, and the discharge straight rod section 623 form spiral regions with different functions on the extrusion screw 62. The wide-spacing mixing section 621 has a large spacing between its spiral blades, which helps the raw materials to be fully mixed in the early stage of entering the extrusion screw 62, ensuring that the various raw material components are evenly distributed. The spiral structure of the conical venting section 622 gradually becomes thicker. When the raw materials pass through this area, the gas in the raw materials is squeezed out due to the gradually decreasing space, and is discharged from the feeding end through the gap between the extrusion screw 62 and the conveying cylinder 61, avoiding the formation of air bubbles in the extruded products. The discharge straight rod section 623 has a moderate spacing between its spiral blades, which transports the fully mixed and vented raw materials to the output end of the screw extruder 2 with a stable pressure, ensuring the continuity and stability of the extrusion process, thereby ensuring the consistency of the quality and performance of the extruded products, better meeting the various needs in the extrusion molding process of ceramic materials, and improving production efficiency and product quality. Specifically, a twin-screw extruder is used to transport soft raw materials. During the transport process, the raw materials are thoroughly mixed and the gases trapped in the raw materials are discharged, ensuring the stability of the extrusion process and the uniformity of the raw materials. This avoids defects in the extruded products caused by air bubbles in the raw materials, thereby ensuring the consistency of the quality and performance of the ceramic inner sleeve. It can better meet the various needs in the extrusion molding process of ceramic materials. Furthermore, compared with the total power of the production equipment of metal alloy inner sleeve, the total power of the screw extruder 2 and screw feeder 3 can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the equipment and further reduce the production cost.

[0022] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A ceramic material extrusion molding die, comprising an extrusion die structure (5), characterized in that: The extrusion die structure (5) includes: Mold sleeve (51); The extrusion cap (52) is threaded to one end of the inner wall of the mold sleeve (51); The main hole pin (53) is located in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve (51); The main hole needle base (54) is located at the end of the main hole needle (53) away from the extrusion cap (52); There are two positioning pin bases (55), which are located on the side of the main hole pin base (54) near the extrusion cap (52) and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main hole pin base (54); Positioning pins (56) are provided in multiples and are equidistantly arranged on the side of the positioning pin base (55) near the extrusion cap (52); The fixing structure (57) is located inside the mold sleeve (51) on the side away from the extrusion cap (52); The main hole needle (53) is installed in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve (51) through the main hole needle base (54) and the fixing structure (57). The two sets of positioning needles (56) are arranged at equal intervals on both sides of the main hole needle (53) through the positioning needle base (55), so that an extrusion channel is formed between the extrusion cap (52), the main hole needle (53) and the positioning needle (56).

2. The ceramic material extrusion molding die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing structure (57) includes: Multiple connecting plates (571) are provided and are equidistantly distributed on the outside of the main hole needle base (54); A limiting groove (572) is provided on the inner wall of the mold sleeve (51) at the end away from the extrusion cap (52); The fixed base (573) is connected to the inner wall of the limiting groove (572) and is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting plate (571) away from the main hole needle base (54); The fixed base (573) is fixed to the main hole needle base (54) through the connecting plate (571), and the mold sleeve (51) positions and fixes the fixed base (573) through the limiting groove (572), so that the main hole needle (53) and the inner cavity of the mold sleeve (51) are aligned.

3. The ceramic material extrusion molding die according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main hole needle (53) has dividing pieces (58) on both sides of one end near the extrusion cap (52), and the dividing pieces (58) are spaced apart from the positioning needle base (55).

4. The ceramic material extrusion molding die according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main hole needle base (54) is provided with a rounded end (59) at the end away from the extrusion cap (52).

5. A ceramic material extruder, comprising a base (1) and a ceramic material extrusion die as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The top of the machine base (1) is fixedly connected to a screw extruder (2), a screw feeder (3) is installed at the input end of the screw extruder (2), a storage tank (4) is installed at the input end of the screw feeder (3), and a conveying structure (6) is provided inside the screw extruder (2).

6. A ceramic material extruder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conveying structure (6) includes: The conveying cylinder (61) is fixedly connected to the top of the machine base (1), and one end of the top is connected to the output end of the screw feeder (3); There are two extrusion screws (62), which are rotatably connected to the inside of the conveying cylinder (61) on both sides; Helical gears (63) are disposed at both ends of the extrusion screw (62), and two adjacent helical gears (63) are meshed with each other; A servo motor (64) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (1) at one end of the conveying cylinder (61), and its output end is connected to an extrusion screw (62). The mold mounting structure (65) is located at the bottom of the end of the conveyor cylinder (61) away from the screw feeder (3); The two extrusion screws (62) are driven by the servo motor (64) and the helical gear (63) to rotate inside the conveying cylinder (61), so that the raw materials are fully mixed and conveyed in the conveying cylinder (61) and extruded under a certain pressure.

7. A ceramic material extruder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mold mounting structure (65) includes: The connecting bend (651) is connected to the bottom of the end of the conveying cylinder (61) away from the servo motor (64), and the inner wall of the end away from the conveying cylinder (61) is threaded to the outer wall of the mold sleeve (51); Gasket (652) is connected to the inner wall of connecting bend (651) and to the outer wall of mold sleeve (51) and fixed base (573); The limiting end plate (653) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting bend (651) away from the conveying cylinder (61) and is connected to the outer wall of the mold sleeve (51); The connecting bend (651) connects the inner cavity of the mold sleeve (51) with the inner cavity of the conveying cylinder (61), the gasket (652) limits the fixed base (573) inside the connecting bend (651), and the limiting end plate (653) limits the mold sleeve (51) at the end of the connecting bend (651).

8. A ceramic material extruder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The extrusion screw (62) includes: The wide-spacing mixing section (621) is located at one end of the extrusion screw (62) near the output end of the screw feeder (3); The conical exhaust section (622) is located on the side of the extrusion screw (62) away from the servo motor (64) in the wide-pitch mixing section (621); The discharge straight rod section (623) is located on the side of the extrusion screw (62) away from the wide-spacing mixing section (621) of the conical shaft exhaust section (622); The wide-pitch mixing section (621), the conical venting section (622), and the discharge straight rod section (623) enable the extrusion screw (62) to form a spiral structure with different pitches. The wide-pitch mixing section (621) is used for the full mixing and conveying of soft raw materials. The conical venting section (622) is used to discharge the gas in the raw materials. The discharge straight rod section (623) is used to convey the raw materials to the output end with stable pressure.

9. A method for preparing ceramic materials by extrusion molding, used in the ceramic material extrusion molding die of claim 4 and the ceramic material extruder of claim 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Select a suitable extrusion die structure (5) according to the specifications and shape of the ceramic product to be processed. When the ceramic product to be processed is a tube, select an extrusion die structure (5) without a dividing plate (58). When the ceramic product to be processed is a half tube, select an extrusion die structure (5) with a dividing plate (58) and install it inside the end of the connecting bend (651). S2. Using magnesium oxide powder or aluminum oxide as the base material, add cellulose and water in proportion, mix them evenly in a mixer to form a soft raw material, and put the evenly mixed soft raw material into a storage tank (4); S3. The screw feeder (3) transports the soft raw material in the storage tank (4) to the inside of the conveying cylinder (61) of the screw extruder (2). At the same time, the servo motor (64) drives one extrusion screw (62) to rotate and drives another extrusion screw (62) to rotate through two sets of meshing helical gears (63). The two extrusion screws (62) rotate in the conveying cylinder (61), so that the soft raw material is fully mixed in the wide-pitch mixing section (621) and transported to the conical shaft exhaust section (622) to discharge the gas mixed in the raw material. Finally, the discharge straight rod section (623) continuously transports the soft raw material to the connecting bend (651) with stable pressure. S4. The soft raw material in the connecting bend (651) continuously enters the mold sleeve (51) through the gap between the connecting plates (571), and is further compressed through the conical transition section of the inner cavity of the mold sleeve (51), and fully fills the extrusion channel between the main hole needle (53), the positioning needle (56) and the extrusion cap (52). The mold with the dividing plate (58) divides the soft raw material into the corresponding semi-tube shape, and finally extrudes it through the extrusion channel according to the preset shape and specifications. S5. After the raw material is extruded from the mold, it is directly immersed in a cold water tank for cooling and shaping. The shaped ceramic product is then smoothly moved out of the extrusion area by a special tray or conveyor belt, and then sintered in a sintering furnace. After being shaped after being taken out of the furnace, the final product is obtained.

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