Distributed forced current pipeline cathode protection method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline cathode protection, in particular to a distributed forced current pipeline cathode protection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: building a distributed forced current pipeline cathode protection device to form a cathode protection topology network, and collecting potential data; acquiring potential topology coefficients among the nodes by utilizing the topology characteristics of the potential data of the cathode protection device corresponding to each node in the cathode protection topology network; according to the change condition of the potential data corresponding to the nodes in the cathode protection topology network, weights are given to the corresponding nodes and the connecting edges in the cathode protection topology network, so that a weighted topology network is obtained; predicting the weighted topology network so as to calculate the compensation intensity of each cathode protection device at the next moment; and regulating and controlling the output voltage of the cathode protection device by utilizing the compensation intensity. The cathode protection effect on the metal pipeline is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipeline cathodic protection technology, specifically to a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method and system. Background Technology

[0002] In steel pipeline corrosion protection engineering, cathodic protection technology is a key means to delay pipeline corrosion, among which the forced current method is widely used due to its wide protection range and strong adjustment capability. Traditional forced current cathodic protection systems adopt a centralized power supply control mode, which has the following technical defects: the equipment is bulky, requiring a separate equipment room, and the installation is complex, especially unsuitable for complex terrains such as mountains and deserts; the protective current is unevenly distributed, making it difficult to accurately compensate for underprotected areas of the pipeline, which can easily lead to localized corrosion risks; it relies on the power grid for power supply, making it impossible to deploy in areas without power, thus limiting its application scope; it lacks an effective multi-point synchronous measurement mechanism, resulting in poor spatiotemporal consistency of potential monitoring data, affecting the evaluation of protection effectiveness; and the maintenance cost is high, requiring regular on-site inspections, and the fault response is delayed.

[0003] While existing miniature potentiostats have made some improvements in miniaturization, they still have shortcomings in distributed collaborative control, extreme environment adaptability, and intelligent adjustment. In particular, in areas with strong electromagnetic interference such as high-voltage lines and railways, pipelines are susceptible to stray current corrosion. Traditional equipment cannot achieve coordinated management of protective current and stray current, resulting in unstable cathodic protection effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method and system to solve existing problems.

[0005] The distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method and system of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection, the method comprising the following steps: A distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection device is constructed to form a cathodic protection topology network, and potential data at corresponding locations are collected through all cathodic protection devices. By utilizing the topological characteristics of the potential data of each node in the cathodic protection topology network corresponding to the cathodic protection device, the potential topology coefficients between the corresponding nodes of the cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection network at any time are obtained. Combining the potential topology coefficients and the changes in the potential data of the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, weights are assigned to the corresponding nodes and connecting edges in the cathodic protection topology network, thereby obtaining a weighted topology network. By using the potential data of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the node in the weighted topology network at all times, and combining the weights of the node and the connecting edge in the weighted topology network, the weighted topology network is predicted, thereby calculating the compensation intensity of each cathodic protection device at the next time. The output voltage of the cathodic protection device is regulated by the compensation intensity.

[0006] Optionally, the method for obtaining the potential topology coefficients between corresponding nodes of the cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection network at any given time by utilizing the topological characteristics of the potential data of each node in the cathodic protection topology network corresponding to the cathodic protection device is as follows: Based on the changes in potential data at adjacent times, determine the start potential time and the end potential time in the potential data. Record the time range formed by the start potential time and the end potential time as the potential time interval. Obtain the potential data in any potential time interval as the actual potential data. The potential time intervals in the potential data are sorted chronologically to obtain an interval sequence. For any given time, the intervals preceding that time are retrieved from the interval sequence. A potential time interval is defined as a reference potential time interval for the stated time. For adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the potential topology coefficients between the nodes are calculated based on the correlation between the actual potential data of the nodes in all reference potential time intervals at the stated time, and the temporal distribution similarity of the reference potential time intervals. This is a preset reference length parameter; The potential topology coefficients between all adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network are processed by the max-min normalization method to obtain the normalized potential topology coefficients.

[0007] Optionally, the specific method for determining the start and end potential times in the potential data based on the changes in potential data at adjacent time points includes: The potential data collected by any cathodic protection device is processed by first-order differential processing to obtain the first-order differential sequence of the potential data. A potential change threshold is set. When the absolute value of the difference value in the first-order differential sequence is greater than the potential change threshold and the number of consecutive points reaches the preset minimum duration threshold, the first time that meets the condition is recorded as the start potential time and the last time that meets the condition is recorded as the end potential time, thus obtaining several start potential times and end potential times in the potential data.

[0008] Optionally, the method of combining the potential topology coefficients and the changes in the potential data corresponding to the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network to assign weights to the corresponding nodes and connecting edges in the cathodic protection topology network, thereby obtaining a weighted topology network, includes the following specific methods: Based on the changes in the potential data corresponding to the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the coordination coefficient of the nodes at any given time is obtained; In the cathodic protection topology network, the coordination coefficient of any node at any time is used as the weight of the corresponding node, and the potential topology coefficient between nodes is used as the weight of the connection edge between the nodes, thus obtaining the weighted topology network.

[0009] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the synergy coefficient is as follows: Obtain the time of any node in the cathodic protection topology network at time... The process involves: 1) Obtaining the actual potential data within all reference potential time intervals; 2) For each reference potential time interval, calculating the fluctuation amplitude of the actual potential data within that interval, where the fluctuation amplitude is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum potential values ​​within the interval; 3) Obtaining the average fluctuation amplitude of the actual potential data within all reference potential time intervals; and 4) Normalizing the average fluctuation amplitude based on the global potential fluctuation benchmark value to obtain the value of the node at time [time value missing]. The coordination coefficient is given below, wherein the global potential fluctuation reference value is obtained by statistically analyzing the maximum fluctuation amplitude of all nodes in the cathodic protection topology network over all reference potential time intervals.

[0010] Optionally, the method for predicting the weighted topology network by utilizing the potential data of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the nodes in the weighted topology network at all times, and combining the weights corresponding to the nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network, includes the following specific methods: Obtain historical weighted topology networks and construct time series data by combining the weights corresponding to nodes and connecting edges, resulting in several node weight sequences and connecting edge weight sequences; Using any node and any connecting edge as the target node and target connecting edge respectively, the ARIMA prediction algorithm is used to predict the node weight sequence of the target node and the connecting edge weight sequence of the target connecting edge respectively. During the prediction process, the prediction process of the weight sequence of the target node and the target connecting edge is adjusted by combining the weights of the consecutive adjacent nodes and connecting edges corresponding to the target node and the target connecting edge respectively, so as to obtain the predicted node weight sequence and connecting edge weight sequence corresponding to the target node and the target connecting edge respectively. The predicted weighted topology network is obtained based on the predicted node weight sequences and connection edge weight sequences corresponding to all nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network.

[0011] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the node weight sequence and the connection edge weight sequence is as follows: A weighted topology network within a preset time range is obtained, forming a weighted topology network sequence containing several historical moments. For any node at the same position in the weighted topology network sequence, the weight of the node at all moments is obtained and sorted in chronological order to obtain the node weight sequence. For any connecting edge at the same position in the weighted topology network sequence, the weight of the connecting edge at all moments is obtained and sorted in chronological order to obtain the connecting edge weight sequence.

[0012] Optionally, the specific method for obtaining the predicted node weight sequence and connection edge weight sequence corresponding to the target node and target connecting edge, respectively, is as follows: Preset adjacent parameters For the target node, obtain the nodes that are continuously adjacent to the target node by connecting edges along any path direction in the weighted topology network. Several nodes are used as hop neighbors of the target node to obtain several hop neighbors of the target node. The ARIMA prediction algorithm is used to predict the node weight sequences corresponding to the target node and the hop neighbors respectively to obtain the initial predicted node weight sequence. Based on the weight of the connecting edges between the target node and the hop neighbors and the distance between the target node and the hop neighbors, the fusion weight of the target node and each hop neighbor is calculated. The initial predicted node weight sequences of the target node and the hop neighbors are fused using the weighted least squares method, and the predicted node weight sequence of the target node is obtained. For the target connecting edge, the method for obtaining the predicted node weight sequence of the target node is used, and the connecting edge in the method is replaced with a node and the node is replaced with a connecting edge, so as to obtain the predicted connecting edge weight sequence of the target connecting edge.

[0013] Optionally, the specific method for determining the compensation intensity of each cathodic protection device at the next moment is as follows: For any node, the cumulative sum of the product of the node weight at the next time step and the weight of the connecting edge connected to the node is obtained to obtain the stray current influence value of the node. A preset safety threshold is set, and the stray current influence value is compared with the preset safety threshold. When the stray current influence value is greater than the safety threshold, the difference between the stray current influence value and the safety threshold is used as the compensation intensity of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the node at the next moment.

[0014] A distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection system includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of any one of the distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection methods described above.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of this invention are as follows: By constructing a topological network formed by a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection device, potential data is deeply integrated with the network structure, dynamically depicting the interrelationships between protection nodes at the overall system level. This integrates traditionally isolated cathodic protection units into an intelligent network with information interaction and collaborative control capabilities. Through potential topology coefficients and weighting mechanisms, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of electrochemical states at different locations are accurately reflected. Based on this, dynamic prediction of the weighted topological network enables forward-looking judgment of future compensation needs, thereby proactively adjusting the output voltage of each device. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional protection systems, such as lag response and insufficient local optimization, significantly improving the uniformity, stability, and energy efficiency of cathodic protection. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cathodic protection topology network composed of cathodic protection devices; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection system according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method and system proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0020] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of the distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method and system provided by the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising the following steps: Step S001: Construct a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection device to form a cathodic protection topology network, and collect potential data at corresponding locations through all cathodic protection devices.

[0022] It should be noted that, for ease of description, the forced current pipeline cathodic protection device will be referred to as the cathodic protection device from now on. Typically, after metal pipelines are buried, the anti-corrosion layer inevitably has damage points. Because the soil moisture, salinity, and oxygen concentrations vary at different locations along the pipeline, there are differences in the pipe-to-soil potential at each defect point on the pipeline surface. This potential difference provides the driving force for current flow. At locations with a more negative potential, current flows from the pipeline into the soil, acting as an anode; at locations with a more positive potential, current flows from the soil into the pipeline, acting as a cathode. The method of cathodic protection is to add an additional power source. Current flows from the power source into the soil and then back to the pipeline surface. This transforms the original anode into a cathode, and the entire pipeline absorbs current, becoming a cathode and thus receiving protection. To address the existing technical problem that pipelines are susceptible to stray current corrosion in areas with strong electromagnetic interference, such as high-voltage lines and railways, traditional equipment cannot achieve coordinated control of protective current and stray current, resulting in unstable cathodic protection effects. Stray current refers to currents that travel unpredictably. When these currents travel a certain distance and leave the pipeline to return to the soil, corrosion occurs at the point where the current leaves the pipeline, hence the term stray current corrosion. To address stray current control, this invention proposes a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method to coordinate the regulation of forced current and improve the effectiveness of pipeline cathodic protection.

[0023] Specifically, to implement the distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method proposed in this embodiment, it is first necessary to build a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection device and collect current data. The specific process is as follows: Step S101: Construct a distributed structure of cathodic protection devices to obtain a cathodic protection topology network formed by cathodic protection devices distributed at several locations.

[0024] First, select locations evenly on the metal pipe and install cathodic protection devices at each location, and build the cathodic protection devices in a distributed node chain network manner.

[0025] The cathodic protection device consists of a control module, a sampling module, a synchronization unit, a power supply module, a communication module, a current management module, a human-machine interaction module, and a protection module.

[0026] The control module uses an STM32H743 microprocessor as the main control unit, regulating the output current of the current management module through output control parameters. The sampling module includes a high-precision analog-to-digital converter chip ADS1256, an anti-interference polarization probe, and a Hall current sensor. It monitors the current at the location of the cathodic protection device and acquires current data. The synchronization unit integrates a BeiDou and GPS dual-mode satellite clock module with a synchronization accuracy ≤10µs, supporting measurement timing coordination with a distributed decoupler. The power supply module uses a hybrid power supply scheme of photovoltaic power generation system and lithium battery pack to power the cathodic protection device. The communication module integrates a 4G / NB-IoT dual-mode wireless communication unit, an RS485 interface, and an SX1278 LoRa module to enable the operation of the cathodic protection device. Parameters and current data are uploaded in real time with a data transmission rate of ≥100kbps; and a distributed node chain network is used: adopting the LoRaWAN protocol, it supports communication distances of ≤3km, with a latency of ≤1.12s for a 10-node network and a packet loss rate of <0.6%; the current management module provides cathodic protection for the pipeline by outputting current; the human-machine interaction module is equipped with a 2.42-inch OLED color display with a resolution of 240×320, supports touch operation, and displays key parameters such as real-time protection potential, output voltage, bidirectional current value and direction, as well as equipment operating status, communication status, and power information; the protection module provides lightning protection for the cathodic protection device through a lightning protection circuit, and also provides overload protection, reverse power connection protection, insulation protection, and stray current overload protection for the cathodic protection device.

[0027] Then, the cathodic protection devices are used as nodes, and the circuit connections between the cathodic protection devices are used as connecting edges, so that all nodes and their corresponding connecting edges form a network structure, and the network structure corresponds to the connection relationship between the cathodic protection devices, thereby obtaining the cathodic protection topology network.

[0028] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a cathodic protection topology network composed of cathodic protection devices. The solid lines in the diagram represent the pipeline network formed by metal pipes.

[0029] Step S102: Collect current data at corresponding locations using each cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection topology network.

[0030] First, the control module of each cathodic protection device triggers the sampling operation based on the unified time reference of the synchronization unit, with a sampling period of 10ms. The pipe-to-ground potential between the pipeline and the soil is obtained through the anti-interference polarization probe YKM-CP-NSC-1, and the output current amplitude and direction of the current control module are monitored in real time through the CS-50A Hall current sensor.

[0031] Then, the high-precision analog-to-digital converter chip ADS1256 performs 24-bit high-resolution conversion on the acquired analog signal to generate digital current data. The control module binds the data with the precise timestamp (error ≤10µs) generated by the synchronization unit and stores it in the local Flash memory. Further, the control module performs data preprocessing, including removing outliers caused by electromagnetic interference (using wavelet threshold denoising algorithm) and calculating instantaneous stray current components (by comparing the difference between the output current and the intrinsic current of the pipe), to ensure that the acquired current data contains key parameters such as pipe-to-ground potential, output current value, current direction, timestamp, and stray current intensity.

[0032] In areas with strong electromagnetic interference, such as high-voltage lines or railways, the synchronization unit forces all nodes to start sampling synchronously at integer seconds per second, eliminating stray current measurement errors caused by timing deviations, thereby achieving spatiotemporal consistency of multi-point current data and providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent collaborative management of stray currents.

[0033] Step S103: Transmit current data to the cloud via the communication module of the cathodic protection device.

[0034] First, the control module encapsulates the preprocessed current data into a standardized data packet, including the device's unique ID, GPS location coordinates, pipe-to-ground potential, output current value, current direction, stray current intensity, battery level, and timestamp information. The data packet format conforms to the MQTT protocol specification. Then, in areas with public network coverage, the communication module transmits encrypted data to the cloud server at a rate of ≥100kbps via a 4G / NB-IoT dual-mode wireless communication unit; in areas without public network coverage, the data is relayed to the nearest node with public network access via the SX1278 LoRa module in a chained networking manner (maximum 3 hops), and finally transmitted to the cloud; furthermore, the data transmission adopts the TLS1.3 encryption protocol and AES-128 algorithm to ensure information security, and the time for a single transmission is ≤500ms.

[0035] Preferably, the cloud server is deployed on an industrial IoT platform to receive and store distributed current data in real time, and trigger an abnormal early warning mechanism (such as automatically pushing an alarm when the pipe ground potential exceeds the protection range of -0.85V to -1.20V), providing data support for the coordinated current regulation in the subsequent step S002.

[0036] Thus, the current data of the cathodic protection topology network and the corresponding locations of the cathodic protection device are obtained through the above method.

[0037] Step S002: Using the topological characteristics of the potential data of each node in the cathodic protection topology network corresponding to the cathodic protection device, obtain the potential topology coefficients between the corresponding nodes of the cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection network at any time; combine the potential topology coefficients and the changes in the potential data of the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, assign weights to the corresponding nodes and connecting edges in the cathodic protection topology network, thereby obtaining the weighted topology network.

[0038] It should be noted that when constructing the cathodic protection topology network, the various location points are distributed at different locations on the metal pipeline, thus forming a correspondence between the cathodic protection topology network and the pipeline transportation network formed by the metal pipeline. Then, stray current monitoring is performed through the cathodic protection devices at each location point in the cathodic protection network to analyze the distribution characteristics of stray current in the cathodic protection network.

[0039] Specifically, in step S201, the potential topology coefficients between the corresponding nodes of the cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection network are obtained at any time by utilizing the topological characteristics of the potential data of each node in the cathodic protection topology network corresponding to the cathodic protection device.

[0040] It should be noted that even though stray currents do not travel along a fixed path, they are affected by potential during their movement, causing them to enter the pipe through a certain part, travel a certain distance within the pipe, and then leave the pipe and return to the soil. Corrosion occurs where these currents leave the pipe, hence the term stray current corrosion. In other words, the movement path of stray currents is usually related to the network path of the metal pipe. Therefore, this embodiment of the invention selects to analyze the potential data collected by each cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection topology network to determine the topological characteristics of the current in the cathodic protection network.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the potential topology coefficient is as follows: First, based on the changes in potential data at adjacent times, determine the start potential time and the end potential time in the potential data. Record the time range formed by the start potential time and the end potential time as the potential time interval. Obtain the potential data within any potential time interval as the actual potential data.

[0042] As an optional embodiment, the method for determining the start potential time and end potential time in the potential data based on the changes in potential data at adjacent times includes: performing first-order differential processing on the potential data collected by any cathodic protection device to obtain a first-order differential sequence of the potential data; setting a potential change threshold; when the absolute value of the differential value in the first-order differential sequence is greater than the potential change threshold and the number of consecutive points reaches a preset minimum duration threshold, the first time that meets the condition is recorded as the start potential time, and the last time that meets the condition is recorded as the end potential time, thus obtaining several start potential times and end potential times in the potential data.

[0043] It should be noted that the potential change threshold is preset based on experience. The minimum duration threshold is 5, corresponding to a duration of 50ms. Based on the fixed sampling period of 10ms in step S102, the potential change threshold and the minimum duration threshold can be adjusted according to the actual situation in other embodiments. This embodiment of the invention does not make specific limitations. In the process of monitoring stray current using a cathodic protection device, since stray current is not a continuous current, there are some cases where the current is not detected in the collected potential data. Therefore, this embodiment obtains the potential time to obtain the data of the actual stray current generated in the potential data, that is, the actual potential data.

[0044] Then, the potential time intervals in the potential data are sorted in chronological order to obtain an interval sequence. For any given time, the time preceding that time is retrieved from the interval sequence. A potential time interval is defined as a reference potential time interval for the stated time. For adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the potential topology coefficients between the nodes are calculated based on the correlation between the actual potential data of the nodes in all reference potential time intervals at the stated time, and the temporal distribution similarity of the reference potential time intervals. This is the preset reference length parameter.

[0045] It should be noted that the reference length parameter is preset based on experience. The value is 10, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation. This embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations.

[0046] As an optional embodiment, the specific calculation method for the potential topology coefficient is as follows: in, Indicates at time Adjacent nodes in the lower cathodic protection topology network and nodes The potential topology coefficient between them; Indicates the number of reference potential time intervals; Represents the natural constant; Indicates at time In the lower cathodic protection topology network, adjacent nodes and nodes The corresponding first The absolute value of the difference between the starting potential times of each reference potential time interval; Indicates at time In the lower cathodic protection topology network, adjacent nodes and nodes The corresponding first The absolute value of the difference between the termination potential times of each reference potential time interval; Indicates at time Next node The Actual potential data corresponding to each reference potential time interval; Indicates at time Next node The Actual potential data corresponding to each reference potential time interval; This function represents the dtw distance between actual potential data obtained through the DTW algorithm.

[0047] It should be noted that the potential topology coefficient is used to describe the degree to which the current detected between corresponding nodes exhibits a correlation with the local existence of the pipe network. The larger the value of the potential topology coefficient, the higher the degree of correlation between the current between the corresponding nodes and the local existence of the pipe network. The specific calculation method of the potential topology coefficient is as follows.

[0048] Finally, the potential topology coefficients between all adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network are processed using the max-min normalization method to obtain the normalized potential topology coefficients.

[0049] Step S202: Combining the potential topology coefficients and the changes in the potential data corresponding to the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, weights are assigned to the corresponding nodes and connecting edges in the cathodic protection topology network to obtain the weighted topology network.

[0050] It should be noted that by analyzing the actual potential data between adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the topological path of stray current moving in the pipeline is clarified. In order to further understand the performance of stray current at different cathodic protection devices, this embodiment of the invention selects to further analyze the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network based on potential data, thereby weighting the cathodic protection topology network to obtain a topology structure that conforms to the potential distribution characteristics, so as to facilitate the subsequent collaborative work between cathodic protection devices and improve the control effect of stray current.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, the method for obtaining the weighted topology network includes: First, based on the changes in the potential data corresponding to the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the coordination coefficient of the nodes at any given time is obtained.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the synergy coefficient is as follows: Obtain the time of any node in the cathodic protection topology network at time... The process involves: 1) Obtaining the actual potential data within all reference potential time intervals; 2) For each reference potential time interval, calculating the fluctuation amplitude of the actual potential data within that interval, where the fluctuation amplitude is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum potential values ​​within the interval; 3) Obtaining the average fluctuation amplitude of the actual potential data within all reference potential time intervals; and 4) Normalizing the average fluctuation amplitude based on the global potential fluctuation benchmark value to obtain the value of the node at time [time value missing]. The coordination coefficient is given below, wherein the global potential fluctuation reference value is obtained by statistically analyzing the maximum fluctuation amplitude of all nodes in the cathodic protection topology network over all reference potential time intervals.

[0053] As an optional embodiment, the specific calculation method for the synergy coefficient is as follows: in, Indicates at time Nodes in the lower cathodic protection topology network The coefficient of synergy; Indicates the number of reference potential time intervals; Indicates at time Nodes in the lower cathodic protection topology network The Each reference potential time interval corresponds to the maximum value in the actual potential sequence; Indicates at time Nodes in the lower cathodic protection topology network The Each reference potential time interval corresponds to the minimum value in the actual potential sequence; Indicates time The global potential fluctuation reference value is as follows; This indicates that the maximum value is retrieved. This represents the set of all nodes in the cathodic protection topology network; This represents the set formed by all reference potential time intervals.

[0054] It should be noted that the coordination coefficient is used to quantify the local intensity and significance of stray current activity at nodes. A larger coordination coefficient indicates more severe potential fluctuations at the node and a higher risk of corrosion to the metal pipeline from stray currents; conversely, a smaller coefficient indicates a more stable potential state at the node and a weaker impact from stray currents. Furthermore, the coordination coefficient and the potential topology coefficient complement each other. The potential topology coefficient describes the topological correlation of potentials between adjacent nodes, while the coordination coefficient focuses on the dynamic potential characteristics of the node itself. Together, they form the weighting basis of the weighted topology network, providing accurate quantitative data for the subsequent coordinated control of cathodic protection devices.

[0055] Then, in the cathodic protection topology network, the coordination coefficient of any node at any time is used as the weight of the corresponding node, and the potential topology coefficient between nodes is used as the weight of the connecting edge between the nodes, thus obtaining the weighted topology network.

[0056] Thus, the weighted topology network is obtained through the above method.

[0057] Step S003: Using the potential data of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the node in the weighted topology network at all times, and combining the weights corresponding to the nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network, the weighted topology network is predicted, thereby calculating the compensation intensity of each cathodic protection device at the current time.

[0058] It should be noted that stray currents move due to potential changes, and they are constantly moving within metal pipes. Furthermore, their paths are not always constant; due to the conductivity of the metal pipes, stray currents can diffuse to distant locations, propagating short distances within the pipe network and exacerbating electrochemical corrosion. Therefore, to better understand the movement and propagation of stray currents in metal pipes, this embodiment of the invention predicts and analyzes further changes in the pipe-to-ground potential. Specifically, it predicts the changes in the weights of the connecting edges of nodes in a weighted topology network, considering time variations and the topological structure. This improves the coordinated control between subsequent cathodic protection devices, enhancing the effectiveness of forced current regulation.

[0059] Specifically, in step S301, the potential data of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the nodes in the weighted topology network at all times is used, and the weights corresponding to the nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network are combined to predict the weighted topology network and obtain the predicted weighted topology network.

[0060] It is important to note that in the network topology formed by metal pipelines, the movement and propagation of stray currents exhibit unique physical characteristics. These characteristics stem from the combined effects of the pipeline system's conductivity, external potential interference, and network topological constraints. Specifically, when the external potential environment is disturbed (e.g., electromagnetic interference from electrified transportation systems or industrial equipment), stray currents enter the metal pipeline through relatively low potential weak points in the pipeline system. Once inside, due to the excellent conductivity of the metal pipeline itself, the current does not immediately leave the vicinity of the entry point but diffuses along the pipeline conductor to the surrounding area. This diffusion propagation exhibits a significant short-distance characteristic; that is, the current can only maintain propagation within a limited range in the pipeline network, typically confined to local pipe sections, and does not spread long distances throughout the entire pipeline system. This is because there is an electrochemical interface between the pipeline and the surrounding soil, and the current gradually leaks back into the soil through the pipeline wall during propagation, leading to energy attenuation. Simultaneously, factors such as the aging or damage level of the pipeline coating, the resistivity distribution of the soil, and the geometric continuity of the pipeline collectively limit the breadth and depth of diffusion. Furthermore, in the topology of the pipeline network, the propagation behavior of stray currents is significantly influenced by the node connectivity relationships. For example, at pipe branching points or junctions, current may split due to differences in local potential gradients, with some flowing to adjacent pipe segments and others concentrating in a specific direction due to lower path impedance. In continuous, unbranched pipe segments, current may amplify due to cumulative effects, forming areas of high local current density. Stray currents, during propagation, can trigger anodic reactions in areas leaving the pipe (i.e., where the current flows from the pipe into the soil), leading to electrochemical corrosion of the metallic material. Due to the localized and non-uniform nature of diffusion propagation, corrosion hotspots tend to concentrate in specific pipe segments rather than being randomly distributed; for example, when current leaks at a concentrated point, the corrosion rate in that area will be significantly higher than at other locations. Simultaneously, the dynamic changes in propagation cause corrosion risk points to migrate over time, potentially shifting from one pipe segment to an adjacent one, increasing the complexity of corrosion monitoring and protection. It is noteworthy that current diffusion propagation is not an isolated event but is tightly coupled with the overall topology of the pipeline network. The connection strength between nodes (reflecting the potential correlation between adjacent pipe segments, corresponding to the potential topology coefficient between nodes) determines the preferred path of current flow, while network connectivity influences the boundary and direction of diffusion. Therefore, within a local region, the behavior of stray currents often exhibits spatial correlation, meaning that the potential change trends of adjacent nodes show a synchronous or delayed correlation pattern.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the predicted weighted topology network is as follows: First, obtain the historical weighted topology network and construct time series data by combining the weights corresponding to the nodes and connecting edges, resulting in several node weight sequences and connecting edge weight sequences.

[0062] As an optional embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the node weight sequence and the connection edge weight sequence includes: obtaining a weighted topology network within a preset time range to form a weighted topology network sequence containing several historical moments; for any node at the same position in the weighted topology network sequence, obtaining the weight of the node at all times and sorting it according to time order to obtain the node weight sequence; for any connection edge at the same position in the weighted topology network sequence, obtaining the weight of the connection edge at all times and sorting it according to time order to obtain the connection edge weight sequence.

[0063] Then, taking any node and any connecting edge as the target node and target connecting edge respectively, the ARIMA prediction algorithm is used to predict the node weight sequence of the target node and the connecting edge weight sequence of the target connecting edge respectively. During the prediction process, the prediction process of the weight sequence of the target node and the target connecting edge is adjusted by combining the weights of the consecutive adjacent nodes and connecting edges corresponding to the target node and the target connecting edge respectively, so as to obtain the predicted node weight sequence and connecting edge weight sequence corresponding to the target node and the target connecting edge respectively.

[0064] As an optional embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the predicted node weight sequence and connection edge weight sequence corresponding to the target node and target connecting edge, respectively, includes: presetting adjacent parameters. For the target node, obtain the nodes that are continuously adjacent to the target node by connecting edges along any path direction in the weighted topology network. Several nodes are used as hop neighbors of the target node to obtain several hop neighbors of the target node. The ARIMA prediction algorithm is used to predict the node weight sequences corresponding to the target node and the hop neighbors respectively to obtain the initial predicted node weight sequence. Based on the weight of the connecting edges between the target node and the hop neighbors and the distance between the target node and the hop neighbors, the fusion weight of the target node and each hop neighbor is calculated. The initial predicted node weight sequences of the target node and the hop neighbors are fused using the weighted least squares method, and the predicted node weight sequence of the target node is obtained. For the target connecting edge, the method for obtaining the predicted node weight sequence of the target node is used, and the connecting edge in the method is replaced with a node and the node is replaced with a connecting edge, so as to obtain the predicted connecting edge weight sequence of the target connecting edge.

[0065] It should be noted that adjacent parameters are preset based on experience. The value is 3, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation. This embodiment of the invention does not impose specific limitations.

[0066] As an optional embodiment, the specific calculation method for the fusion weight between the target node and each hop neighbor node is as follows: in, Indicates the target node and the first The fusion weight of each hop neighbor node; Indicates the target node and the first The average weight of all connecting edges between hop neighbor nodes; Indicates the target node and the first The distance between hop neighbor nodes; Represents the natural constant; This represents the linear normalization function.

[0067] It should be noted that, It characterizes the potential topological correlation strength between the target node and its hop neighbor nodes, thus reflecting the quality of the local conductive path in the pipeline. The exponential decay characteristics of stray current with pipe distance were quantified, demonstrating that when stray current spreads and moves in metal pipes, the current influence range is constrained by both pipe conductivity and soil interface. Through coupled calculation of potential correlation and spatial decay, the constraint effect of topology on current path (such as the current splitting characteristics at branch nodes) is preserved, while avoiding the defect of traditional prediction models that ignore spatial correlation. This allows the weighted topology network after prediction to accurately reflect the stray current migration trend.

[0068] Finally, based on the predicted node weight sequences and connection edge weight sequences corresponding to all nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network, the predicted weighted topology network is obtained.

[0069] As an optional embodiment, the specific method for obtaining the predicted weighted topology network is as follows: substituted any predicted weight into the weighted topology network to generate the predicted weighted topology network, wherein the nodes and connecting edges remain unchanged, and only the weights corresponding to the nodes and connecting edges are updated.

[0070] Step S302: Based on the predicted weighted topology network, obtain the compensation intensity of the cathodic protection device at the current moment.

[0071] First, for any node, the cumulative sum of the product of the node weight at the next time step and the weight of the connecting edge connected to the node is obtained, thereby obtaining the stray current influence value of the node.

[0072] Then, a safety threshold is preset, and the stray current influence value is compared with the preset safety threshold. When the stray current influence value is greater than the safety threshold, the difference between the stray current influence value and the safety threshold is used as the compensation intensity of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the node at the next moment.

[0073] It should be noted that the protection parameters are used to adjust the operating parameters of the cathodic protection device in the future, thereby controlling stray currents through the cathodic protection device.

[0074] Thus, the compensation strength of the cathodic protection device at the next moment is obtained through the above method.

[0075] Step S004: Regulate the output voltage of the cathodic protection device using the compensation strength.

[0076] Specifically, firstly, the compensation intensity is transmitted through the 4G / NB-IoT dual-mode wireless communication unit. After receiving the compensation intensity, each cathodic protection device displays it through the human-machine interaction module and generates an operation log which is then uploaded to the cloud server.

[0077] Then, each cathodic protection device generates a voltage signal according to the corresponding compensation strength, and the Hall current sensor monitors the output current in real time.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, by adjusting the operating parameters of each cathodic protection device at corresponding times, the distributed cathodic protection devices work synergistically to effectively control stray currents generated in metal pipelines, improve the cathodic protection effect of metal pipelines, and significantly reduce the degree of stray current corrosion in metal pipelines.

[0079] By following the steps above, cathodic protection of the pipeline using distributed forced current is completed.

[0080] Please see Figure 3 This illustrates a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including a memory 302, a processor 301, and a computer program 3021 stored in the memory 302 and executable on the processor. When the processor 301 executes the computer program 3021, it implements steps S001 to S004 of the distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method.

[0081] The memory can be volatile or non-volatile, or may include both. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which serves as an external cache. Many forms of RAM are available by way of example, but not limitation. Examples include Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Sync Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).

[0082] The aforementioned processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. General-purpose processors can be microprocessors or any conventional processor. It is worth noting that the processor can be a processor supporting Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Machines (ARM) architecture.

[0083] It should be noted that the embodiments used in this example The model is only used to represent negative correlations and the results of the constraint model output are in Within this range, in specific implementations, other models with the same purpose can be substituted; this embodiment is merely an example. The description will be based on a model, without making specific limitations on it. This refers to the input of the model.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: A distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection device is constructed to form a cathodic protection topology network, and potential data at corresponding locations are collected through all cathodic protection devices. By utilizing the topological characteristics of the potential data of each node in the cathodic protection topology network corresponding to the cathodic protection device, the potential topology coefficients between the corresponding nodes of the cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection network at any time are obtained. Combining the potential topology coefficients and the changes in the potential data of the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, weights are assigned to the corresponding nodes and connecting edges in the cathodic protection topology network, thereby obtaining a weighted topology network. By using the potential data of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the node in the weighted topology network at all times, and combining the weights of the node and the connecting edge in the weighted topology network, the weighted topology network is predicted, thereby calculating the compensation intensity of each cathodic protection device at the next time. The output voltage of the cathodic protection device is regulated by the compensation intensity.

2. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the potential topology coefficients between corresponding nodes of the cathodic protection device in the cathodic protection network at any given time by utilizing the topological characteristics of the potential data of each node in the cathodic protection topology network corresponding to the cathodic protection device is as follows: Based on the changes in potential data at adjacent times, determine the start potential time and the end potential time in the potential data. Record the time range formed by the start potential time and the end potential time as the potential time interval. Obtain the potential data in any potential time interval as the actual potential data. The potential time intervals in the potential data are sorted chronologically to obtain an interval sequence. For any given time, the intervals preceding that time are retrieved from the interval sequence. A potential time interval is defined as a reference potential time interval for the stated time. For adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the potential topology coefficients between the nodes are calculated based on the correlation between the actual potential data of the nodes in all reference potential time intervals at the stated time, and the temporal distribution similarity of the reference potential time intervals. This is a preset reference length parameter; The potential topology coefficients between all adjacent nodes in the cathodic protection topology network are processed by the max-min normalization method to obtain the normalized potential topology coefficients.

3. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for determining the start and end potential times in the potential data based on the changes in potential data at adjacent time points includes the following specific methods: The potential data collected by any cathodic protection device is processed by first-order differential processing to obtain the first-order differential sequence of the potential data. A potential change threshold is set. When the absolute value of the difference value in the first-order differential sequence is greater than the potential change threshold and the number of consecutive points reaches the preset minimum duration threshold, the first time that meets the condition is recorded as the start potential time and the last time that meets the condition is recorded as the end potential time, thus obtaining several start potential times and end potential times in the potential data.

4. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combination of potential topology coefficients and the changes in potential data corresponding to nodes in the cathodic protection topology network is used to assign weights to corresponding nodes and connecting edges in the cathodic protection topology network, thereby obtaining a weighted topology network. The specific methods include: Based on the changes in the potential data corresponding to the nodes in the cathodic protection topology network, the coordination coefficient of the nodes at any given time is obtained; In the cathodic protection topology network, the coordination coefficient of any node at any time is used as the weight of the corresponding node, and the potential topology coefficient between nodes is used as the weight of the connection edge between the nodes, thus obtaining the weighted topology network.

5. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the synergy coefficient is as follows: Obtain the time of any node in the cathodic protection topology network at time... Actual potential data within all reference potential time intervals; Secondly, for each reference potential time interval, the fluctuation amplitude of the actual potential data within that interval is calculated, and the fluctuation amplitude is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum potential values ​​within the interval; then, the average fluctuation amplitude of the actual potential data within all reference potential time intervals is obtained. Finally, the average fluctuation amplitude is normalized based on the global potential fluctuation benchmark value to obtain the value of the node at time [time value missing]. The coordination coefficient is given below, wherein the global potential fluctuation reference value is obtained by statistically analyzing the maximum fluctuation amplitude of all nodes in the cathodic protection topology network over all reference potential time intervals.

6. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for predicting the weighted topology network by utilizing the potential data of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the nodes in the weighted topology network at all times, and combining the weights corresponding to the nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network, includes the following specific methods: Obtain historical weighted topology networks and construct time series data by combining the weights corresponding to nodes and connecting edges, resulting in several node weight sequences and connecting edge weight sequences; Using any node and any connecting edge as the target node and target connecting edge respectively, the ARIMA prediction algorithm is used to predict the node weight sequence of the target node and the connecting edge weight sequence of the target connecting edge respectively. During the prediction process, the prediction process of the weight sequence of the target node and the target connecting edge is adjusted by combining the weights of the consecutive adjacent nodes and connecting edges corresponding to the target node and the target connecting edge respectively, so as to obtain the predicted node weight sequence and connecting edge weight sequence corresponding to the target node and the target connecting edge respectively. The predicted weighted topology network is obtained based on the predicted node weight sequences and connection edge weight sequences corresponding to all nodes and connecting edges in the weighted topology network.

7. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the node weight sequence and the connection edge weight sequence is as follows: A weighted topology network within a preset time range is obtained, forming a weighted topology network sequence containing several historical moments. For any node at the same position in the weighted topology network sequence, the weight of the node at all moments is obtained and sorted in chronological order to obtain the node weight sequence. For any connecting edge at the same position in the weighted topology network sequence, the weight of the connecting edge at all moments is obtained and sorted in chronological order to obtain the connecting edge weight sequence.

8. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific method for obtaining the predicted node weight sequence and connection edge weight sequence corresponding to the target node and target connecting edge, respectively, is as follows: Preset adjacent parameters For the target node, obtain the nodes that are continuously adjacent to the target node by connecting edges along any path direction in the weighted topology network. Each node is used as a hop neighbor of the target node, thus obtaining several hop neighbors of the target node. The ARIMA prediction algorithm is used to predict the node weight sequences corresponding to the target node and the hop neighbors respectively, to obtain the initial predicted node weight sequence. Based on the weight of the connecting edges between the target node and the hop neighbors and the distance between the target node and the hop neighbors, the fusion weight between the target node and each hop neighbor is calculated. The initial predicted node weight sequences of the target node and the hop neighbors are fused using the weighted least squares method, and the predicted node weight sequence of the target node is obtained. For the target connecting edge, the method of obtaining the predicted node weight sequence of the target node is used, and the connecting edge in the method is replaced with a node and the node is replaced with a connecting edge, so as to obtain the predicted connecting edge weight sequence of the target connecting edge.

9. The method for distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for determining the compensation intensity of each cathode protection device at the next moment is as follows: For any node, the cumulative sum of the product of the node weight at the next time step and the weight of the connecting edge connected to the node is obtained to obtain the stray current influence value of the node. A preset safety threshold is set, and the stray current influence value is compared with the preset safety threshold. When the stray current influence value is greater than the safety threshold, the difference between the stray current influence value and the safety threshold is used as the compensation intensity of the cathodic protection device corresponding to the node at the next moment.

10. A distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection system, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of a distributed forced current pipeline cathodic protection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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