Structural deformation monitoring device and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a structure deformation monitoring device and method, and the device comprises a plurality of measurement units which are disposed at different measurement point positions of the surface of a to-be-measured structure, and each measurement unit comprises an angle measurement part used for measuring an angle; the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the plurality of measuring units; the data transmission unit is used for transmitting measurement data of the measurement unit to the data processing unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of monitoring technology, and in particular to a structural deformation monitoring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] As transportation infrastructure ages, extreme weather events become more frequent (such as torrential rains and typhoons), and traffic loads surge, the risk of structural aging and deformation intensifies. Existing technologies, such as manual periodic inspections or single-point static measurements (e.g., total stations and levels), cannot capture in real time the micro-deformation of slope soil (e.g., millimeter-level displacement) or the dynamic deformation of bridge structures (e.g., instantaneous strain caused by vehicle loads), leading to delayed early warnings and difficulty in responding effectively before disasters (e.g., landslides and collapses) occur. On the other hand, using high-precision sensors (e.g., multi-point displacement gauges) requires drilling and installation, which limits their applicability and makes installation difficult and time-consuming in restricted environments such as steep slopes and irregular structural surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a structural deformation monitoring device that can acquire structural deformation and dynamic deformation in real time, and is relatively easy to set up and install.

[0004] This invention also aims to propose a method for monitoring structural deformation.

[0005] A structural deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes: Multiple measuring units are used to be set at different measuring point positions on the surface of the structure to be measured, and the measuring unit includes a goniometer for measuring angles; A power supply unit is used to supply power to the plurality of measurement units; The system includes a data transmission unit and a data processing unit. The data transmission unit is used to transmit the measurement data of the measurement unit to the data processing unit.

[0006] The structural deformation monitoring device according to the present invention, by placing the measuring unit on the surface of the structure to be measured, eliminates the need for drilling and embedding, thus reducing installation difficulty and shortening the construction period. Furthermore, the angle change at different measuring points can be obtained through the angle measuring element, thereby revealing the structural deformation. The data obtained from the angle measuring element is then transmitted to the data processing unit via the data transmission unit. After processing, data on whether structural deformation has occurred and the degree of deformation can be obtained. In this way, the deformation status and real-time dynamic deformation of the structure can be acquired, and the setup is relatively simple.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the measuring unit further includes a distance measuring element for measuring distance.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ranging device employs a wired ranging sensor and / or a wireless ranging sensor; The angle measuring device employs at least one of a multi-axis sensor and a single tilt sensor; The power supply unit adopts at least one of centralized power supply and solar power supply; The data transmission unit employs at least one of wired and wireless transmission.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the measurement unit further includes an environmental sensing element; The environmental sensing device employs at least one of a temperature and humidity sensor and a barometric pressure sensor.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of housings are also included, the measuring unit being disposed within the housings, and the housings being used to fix the measuring point at the location.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the housing includes a bottom shell and a top cover detachably connected to the bottom shell; The bottom shell and the top cover are sealed together.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a bracket is provided inside the housing, the measuring unit is mounted on the bracket, and there is a gap between the measuring unit and the housing; The bracket is also equipped with a backup power supply.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a connection component for connecting adjacent measurement units is also included; The connecting assembly includes a fixed rod with one end connected to the angle measuring component and the other end located outside the housing, and a multi-angle rotatable adapter connected to the fixed rod.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a structural deformation monitoring method applied to the structural deformation monitoring device described above includes: Obtain the reference coordinates of the monitoring device; Calculate the coordinates of the measuring unit based on the measurement data of the measuring unit.

[0015] The structural deformation monitoring method according to the embodiments of the present invention reduces the construction difficulty by using the structural deformation monitoring device in the above embodiments, and can obtain structural deformation and dynamic deformation.

[0016] According to the structural deformation monitoring method of the present invention, the structural deformation monitoring device applied to the above embodiments includes: Obtain the coordinates of the previous measurement unit; Based on the data measured by the subsequent measurement unit relative to the previous measurement unit, calculate the data for the subsequent measurement unit. The coordinates of the element.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device using wireless ranging according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which employs wired ranging. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which employs a wired ranging measurement unit in one state. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another state of the monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which employs a wired ranging measurement unit; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless ranging measurement unit in a monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 2 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 2 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is another top view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 2 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is another top view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 2 of the monitoring method according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is another top view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 2 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a side view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 3 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a front view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 3 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is another front view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 3 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is another front view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 3 of the monitoring method according to the present invention; Figure 15This is another front view of the measurement unit arrangement in Embodiment 3 of the monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: Monitoring device 100 Measurement unit 10, angle measuring component 11, distance measuring component 12, environmental sensing component 13 Power supply unit 20, backup power supply unit 21 Data transmission unit 30 40. Shell 41. Top cover 42. Bracket 43. Connecting component 50, fixing rod 51, adapter 52, ranging line 53 Structure to be tested: 200. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. Additionally, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0022] The structural deformation monitoring device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Reference Figures 1-5 According to a first aspect of the present invention, a structural deformation monitoring device 100 includes multiple measuring units 10, which are set at different measuring point positions on the surface of the structure 200 to be tested. The measuring units 10 can be adjusted according to the specific test plan and the density of measuring points. Specifically, the measuring units 10 can measure slope deformation, surface displacement, horizontal displacement, bridge beam deformation, etc.

[0024] The measuring unit 10 includes a goniometer 11 for measuring angles. By measuring the angles at different measuring point positions, the angle changes at different measuring point positions can be obtained, thereby obtaining the structural deformation.

[0025] The monitoring device 100 includes a power supply unit 20, which is used to supply power to multiple measurement units 10. Specifically, multiple measurement units 10 can be powered by one power supply unit 20, or each measurement unit 10 can be powered by one power supply unit 20, or there can be multiple power supply units 20, one of which corresponds to multiple measurement units 10, and the remaining power supply units 20 correspond one-to-one with the measurement units 10, etc.

[0026] The system includes a data transmission unit 30 and a data processing unit. The data transmission unit 30 transmits the measurement data from the measurement unit 10 to the data processing unit. The data transmission unit 30 can be connected to the measurement unit 10 to acquire the data measured by the measurement unit 10. The data transmission unit 30 is also connected to the data processing unit to transmit the acquired data to the data processing unit, where the data processing unit processes the data to obtain data on whether the structure has deformed and the degree of deformation.

[0027] Therefore, referring to Figures 1-5 According to the structural deformation monitoring device 100 of the present invention, by placing the measuring unit 10 on the surface of the structure 200 to be measured, drilling is not required, making installation easier and the construction period shorter. Furthermore, the angle change at different measuring points can be obtained through the angle measuring element 11, thereby obtaining the structural deformation information. Then, the data obtained by the angle measuring element 11 is transmitted to the data processing unit through the data transmission unit 30. After processing, data on whether the structure has deformed and the degree of deformation can be obtained. In this way, the deformation status and real-time dynamic deformation of the structure can be obtained, and the setup is relatively simple.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the measuring unit 10 further includes a distance measuring element 12 for measuring distance.

[0029] The distance corresponding to the structural deformation can be obtained through the rangefinder 12.

[0030] In some embodiments, for a structure with a known spacing between the measuring units 10 and negligible structural deformation along the distance direction of the measuring units 10, when measuring deformation in directions other than the distance from the measuring units 10, the measuring unit 10 may omit the distance measuring element 12, or the distance measuring element 12 may be used for calibration.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ranging device 12 employs a wired ranging sensor and / or a wireless ranging sensor; for example, the wired ranging sensor includes at least one of a pull-wire displacement sensor, a resistive / potentiometer displacement sensor, and a strain gauge displacement sensor; the wireless ranging sensor includes at least one of a laser wireless ranging sensor, a millimeter-wave radar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an infrared ranging sensor; the ranging device 12 may also employ other wired and wireless ranging sensors.

[0032] The measuring units 10 at different locations can all use wire-type displacement sensors, or all use laser wireless ranging sensors, or some use wire-type displacement sensors and some use laser wireless ranging sensors.

[0033] It should be noted that when using wired ranging technology such as wire-type displacement sensors, ranging lines 53 need to be set between the measuring units 10. The ranging lines 53 can assist in measuring the deformation angle in various directions and can be applied to complex and multi-directional deformation situations, such as slope deformation, and deformation of floating systems such as cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges.

[0034] Using wireless ranging technologies such as lasers cannot assist in measuring deformation angles in various directions. When the structure is in translational motion, the relative angles between the measurement modules cannot be directly measured. Therefore, the application conditions are limited, and it is suitable for working scenarios without translational motion, such as vertical deformation of bridges and geometric state of cable towers.

[0035] The angle measuring device 11 adopts at least one of a multi-axis sensor and a single tilt sensor; specifically, the angle measuring device 11 can be an attitude sensor, such as a multi-axis sensor composed of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an electronic compass, etc.

[0036] The measurement units 10 at different positions can all use attitude sensors, or all use a single tilt sensor, or some use attitude sensors and some use a single tilt sensor.

[0037] The power supply unit 20 adopts at least one of centralized power supply and solar power supply; specifically, there can be one power supply unit 20, which supplies power to all measurement units 10, and the measurement units 10 are connected by power supply lines; or there can be multiple power supply units 20, with each measurement unit 10 corresponding to one power supply unit 20; or some measurement units 10 can be powered by one power supply unit 20, with each measurement unit 10 corresponding to one power supply unit 20.

[0038] The data transmission unit 30 adopts at least one of wired transmission and wireless transmission. Specifically, the data transmission unit 30 may adopt wired transmission (in which case the measurement units 10 are connected by signal lines), or wireless transmission, or a combination of wired and wireless transmission.

[0039] In this application, the measuring unit 10 includes a distance measuring element 12 and an angle measuring element 11. Angle data is collected by the angle measuring element 11 and distance data is collected by the distance measuring element 12. By geometric calculation of the angle and distance data of each point and comparison with the reference point, the relative position of each point is obtained, and then the deformation data of each point is obtained to obtain the structural deformation (displacement, tilt, etc.).

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to... Figures 3-5The measurement unit 10 also includes an environmental sensing element 13; the environmental sensing element 13 employs at least one of a temperature and humidity sensor and a barometric pressure sensor.

[0041] The environmental sensing component 13 can be arranged according to the test environment. For example, temperature and humidity sensors can be arranged in places with high or low temperature and high or low humidity; air pressure sensors can be arranged in places with high or low altitude.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structural deformation monitoring device 100 further includes a plurality of housings 40, the measuring unit 10 is disposed inside the housing 40, and the housing 40 is used to fix the measuring point position.

[0043] By setting the housing 40, the measuring unit 10 can be placed inside the housing 40 to protect the measuring unit 10. Furthermore, by fixing the housing 40 to the surface of the structure to be measured 200, the measuring unit 10 inside the housing 40 can be fixed to the surface of the structure to be measured 200.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, the housing 40 includes a bottom shell 41 and an upper cover 42 detachably connected to the bottom shell 41; the bottom shell 41 and the upper cover 42 are sealed together.

[0045] Specifically, the base shell 41 may include a base plate and side plates, which may be integrally formed or detachably connected. The top cover 42 is attached to the upper end of the side plates. The top cover 42 and the side plates can be connected via connectors, such as bolts. A sealing structure, such as a sealing ring or adhesive sealing process, can be provided between the top cover 42 and the side plates to achieve waterproofing. Similarly, if the base plate and side plates are detachably connected, a sealing structure can also be provided. The base plate may have screw holes for bolt connection to the surface of the structure under test 200, and may also have a magnetic base.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present invention, a bracket 43 is provided inside the housing 40. The bracket 43 is used to fix the measuring unit 10, wiring, and controller, etc., so that there is a gap between the above structures and the housing 40, which serves to absorb shock and buffer. A thermally conductive silicone pad or other thermally conductive heat dissipation material can be attached to the bottom of the bracket 43 to conduct heat to the outer shell for heat dissipation.

[0047] A backup power supply unit 21 is installed on the bracket 43, which can be used for emergency use when the equipment is powered off. Specifically, it can be a rechargeable battery, a storage battery, etc.

[0048] In some embodiments, the housing 40 is further provided with a ranging interface, a communication interface, etc., wherein the ranging interface can be a laser ranging transmitter, a pull wire extension, or a connector, etc.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structural deformation monitoring device 100 further includes a connecting component 50 for connecting adjacent measuring units 10; the connecting component 50 includes a fixed rod 51 with one end connected to the angle measuring member 11 and the other end located outside the housing 40, and a multi-angle rotatable adapter 52 connected to the fixed rod 51.

[0050] Specifically, the multi-angle rotatable adapter 52 can be a universal joint, allowing the components connected to the adapter 52 to rotate and deform freely. The angle measuring component 11 can be an attitude sensor, coordinating with the deformation of the fixed rod 51 to change its attitude.

[0051] In some embodiments, the connection assembly 50 further includes a ranging cable 53, a data cable, a power supply cable, and an interface. The ranging cable 53 should preferably be made of high-strength, low-expansion-coefficient material or stainless steel wire, with a wire diameter not exceeding 1-2 mm to ensure tensile strength. The data cable and power supply cable should have sufficient allowable deformation length to prevent large deformation and circuit breakage between the sensors. The interface should preferably be a waterproof quick-connect connector.

[0052] In some embodiments, the ranging line 53 includes a cable and an end structure. The cable structure only needs to meet the requirements of size, mechanics and durability. The end connector can have a built-in tension sensor and be connected to a universal joint (the tension sensor can also be placed here) to ensure that the ranging line 53 does not jam when deformed.

[0053] The data transmission module is used to realize communication between the measurement unit 10 and the data processing unit, and is divided into wired / wireless dual-mode. When using the wired method, it should have anti-interference capability; when using the wireless method, a low-power device is preferred, such as 4G / 5G, which has high real-time performance and is suitable for remote monitoring; the data transmission module may include a synchronization trigger device and a built-in synchronization clock module (such as GPS timing, preferably supporting Beidou / GPS dual-mode) to ensure synchronous data acquisition by multiple units.

[0054] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a structural deformation monitoring method applied to the structural deformation monitoring device described above includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the reference coordinates of the monitoring device; Step 2: Calculate the coordinates of the measuring unit based on the measurement data of the measuring unit.

[0055] Specifically, using the absolute coordinate positioning method (independent node global positioning method), each measurement unit independently calculates its absolute attitude and coordinates in the global coordinate system (such as the device's reference coordinate system or the geodetic coordinate system) using data acquired by the angle measuring device (attitude sensor), without relying on measurement data from other nodes. Thus, if it is not necessary to associate with the global coordinate system (geodetic coordinate system), only local coordinates need to be set.

[0056] In this solution, each measurement unit performs calibration independently without the need for data exchange with other measurement units. It calculates directly based on the reference coordinates, thus avoiding error accumulation and resulting in smaller errors. This solution is suitable for applications requiring high measurement accuracy, where the measurement units are easy to install and the reference alignment and debugging are convenient, and where the measurement distance is limited.

[0057] The structural deformation monitoring method according to the embodiments of the present invention reduces the construction difficulty by using the structural deformation monitoring device in the above embodiments, and can obtain structural deformation and dynamic deformation.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring method includes: Step 1: Obtain the coordinates of the previous measurement unit; Step 2: Calculate the coordinates of the next measurement unit based on the data measured by the next measurement unit relative to the previous measurement unit.

[0059] Specifically, a chain-like relative positioning method is used for measurement. The position of each subsequent measurement unit is calculated based on the position of the preceding unit, while the first unit uses the device's reference point. In this way, later measurement units incorporate measurement data from multiple preceding units. If only a single direction needs to be measured, a single-direction attitude sensor, such as a tilt sensor, can be used.

[0060] In this scheme, only the first measurement unit is associated with the reference coordinates, and subsequent measurement units depend on the preceding measurement unit. Subsequent measurement units do not require reference calibration, only relative attitude calibration (calibration of the installation relationship with the preceding node Mi-1). Errors propagate along the node chain and need to be suppressed through interval calibration. This method supports unlimited cascading. This method is suitable for scenarios with relatively low measurement accuracy requirements, limited installation environments, but long measurement distances.

[0061] Example 1 The specific procedure for monitoring structural deformation using the structural deformation monitoring device proposed in this application is as follows: Benchmark point layout In stable areas (such as the undeformed area of ​​the roadbed at the bottom of the slope, or the undeformed area of ​​the main beam itself at the center line of the support at the top of the pier), benchmark points are set up. The coordinates of the benchmark points are known and are denoted as (X0,Y0,Z0). There can be multiple benchmark points.

[0062] Measurement point layout Arrange grid-like or array-like measurement units (M) at key structural locations. i,j A measurement network is formed. If geodetic coordinates need to be accessed, a total station can be used to assist in initial positioning and obtain initial coordinates.

[0063] Parameter configuration After the sensor is installed and the system is powered on, the attitude sensor completes initialization, and the system completes the configuration of parameters such as acquisition frequency and early warning. It also reads reference parameters, which should include the sensor installation reference eccentricity vector, initial ambient temperature (with temperature compensation, if applicable), and magnetometer hard magnetic interference compensation (if applicable).

[0064] (4) Data collection Obtain the initial distance. Information such as initial attitude and ambient temperature is collected. Positioning calculations are performed based on the positioning method used between the measurement units to obtain their coordinates, and the changes in coordinates are obtained during structural deformation.

[0065] Positioning calculation Yaw angle (ψ, horizontal rotation angle) is used to determine the direction of the target in the horizontal plane (XY plane). Together with pitch angle (θ, vertical plane rotation) and roll angle (φ, rotation around the X axis), it constitutes the three-dimensional attitude and realizes complete spatial positioning. This scheme defines the vertical direction of the X-direction sensor transmitting or receiving surface.

[0066] Absolute coordinate positioning method Using an external absolute reference as the origin, and combining the distance (relative distance between the target and the sensor) and angle (sensor attitude angle) measured by the sensor, the absolute coordinates of the target point in the global coordinate system are calculated. Each node independently calculates its global coordinates without relying on other nodes. The reference point does not necessarily have to be a measurement unit.

[0067] (1) Confirm the original coordinates Determine the initial absolute position P of the sensor in the global coordinate system. 传感器 =(X P0 ,Y P0 Z P0 Alternatively, confirm the absolute coordinates of the reference point to determine the initial relative position of the sensor itself in the sensor coordinate system (relative to the reference point, multiple reference points can be arranged according to the scene layout and the number of sensors). 传感器 =(X Q0 ,Y Q0 Z Q0 The original coordinates can be confirmed with the help of measuring devices such as total stations.

[0068] (2) Measure the relative data of the target Distance d: The straight-line distance from the reference point to the target point is measured by a wireless ranging sensor such as a wire displacement sensor or a laser rangefinder.

[0069] Angles: The pitch angle θ, roll angle φ, and yaw angle ψ of the target point relative to the sensor are measured by the attitude sensor. These are the direction angles of the target in the sensor coordinate system. Depending on the specific scenario, it may be necessary to consider whether all angles are included in the calculation.

[0070] Attitude calculations can be performed through dynamic fusion (e.g., extended Kalman filtering) or by further combining complementary filtering, resulting in more accurate attitude angles (roll, pitch, and yaw).

[0071] Time alignment is performed by using a timer to assign a uniform time stamp to the three types of data, ensuring that the time deviation meets the synchronization requirements.

[0072] Target coordinates in sensor coordinate system: (Forward distance, affected by pitch and yaw angles) (Lateral distance, affected by pitch and yaw angles) (Vertical distance, affected only by pitch angle) The roll angle can be mechanically leveled or calibrated by algorithm to ensure that the roll angle φ≈0°. When the sensor has a non-zero roll angle (such as when it is installed at an angle), the roll angle will affect the coordinate calculation. In this case, it needs to be corrected by the attitude matrix. Euler angle rotation matrix can be used for correction, which will not be elaborated here.

[0073] Target coordinates in global coordinate system By using the absolute position of the sensor P_sensor = (X) P0 ,Y P0 Z P0 Alternatively, if the global coordinates of the reference point are known, the conversion can be performed using the reference point coordinates.

[0074] Chain relative positioning method Using the external absolute reference as the origin, and combining the distance (relative distance between measurement units) and relative angle (sensor attitude angle) measured by the sensor, the relative coordinates between measurement units are calculated, and each node performs coordinate calculation based on the previous node.

[0075] (1) Confirm the coordinates of the reference point To determine the absolute coordinates of the reference point, the sensors are connected in series. First, the relative coordinate position of measurement unit M1 relative to the reference point is determined; then, the relative coordinate position of measurement unit M2 relative to measurement unit M1 is determined, thus obtaining the coordinate position of measurement unit M2 relative to the reference point; and so on, to obtain the coordinate position of M... i Relative to M i-1 The relative coordinate position of the measurement unit is then used to obtain M. i The coordinate position of the measuring unit relative to the reference point. The initial coordinates of each point are marked as M. i (X i0 ,Y i0 Z i0A reference point may not be a measurement unit.

[0076] (2) Measurement of three-dimensional angles and distances between adjacent nodes Distance between nodes d i,i+1 The distance sensor obtains the straight-line distance between node i and i+1.

[0077] Angle change: The attitude angle change measured by node i+1 relative to node i: (Pitch angle change); (Roll angle variation); (Changes in yaw angle).

[0078] (3) Coordinate cumulative calculation Relative coordinates of node i+1 (based on the coordinate system of node i):

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] (4) Target coordinates in the global coordinate system The calculation is performed using the coordinates of the reference point, given the global coordinates of the reference point.

[0082] Example 2 Scenarios with a single or predictable deformation direction (taking the vertical deformation of the main girder structure of a conventional beam bridge as an example). There are many scenarios where the deformation direction is singular or predictable, such as: (1) the slope or mountain slides along a fixed sliding surface (such as a bedding landslide, where the deformation direction is consistent with the tendency of the sliding surface); (2) the vertical deformation of the main beam structure of a conventional beam bridge; (3) the deformation of retaining walls or other supporting structures along the direction of force, etc. The technical disclosure uses the vertical deformation of the main beam structure of a conventional beam bridge as an example.

[0083] Apparatus and method selection: For locating the vertical deformation of the main girder structure of a conventional beam bridge, absolute coordinate positioning and chain-type relative positioning methods can be used, with the specific method selected based on the number of measuring points. The reference point can be placed in the undeformed area of ​​the main girder itself at the center line of the support at the top of the pier. Since the vertical deformation of the bridge structure is relatively gentle and linear, the ranging method can be reasonably selected based on the bridge span and the spacing of the measuring points. For scenarios with a single or predictable deformation direction, only the change in the tilt angle of the deformation direction is considered. An inclination sensor can be selected as the attitude sensor, and if necessary, a sensor with a larger measurement angle, such as a three-axis gyroscope, can be selected.

[0084] Measurement unit layout reference Figures 6-10 .

[0085] Reference point setting A reference point is established within the undeformed area of ​​the main beam at the centerline of the support at the top of the pier in the stable region. The coordinates of the reference point are known and denoted as (X0, Y0, Z0). Figure 6 As shown, multiple reference points can be arranged, such as... Figure 9 As shown.

[0086] Measurement point layout Along the main beam direction, N measurement units (denoted as M1, M2, ..., M) are arranged linearly. N Measurement units should be arranged at equal intervals, but should not be arranged at locations where the bridge structure undergoes vertical deformation and translation. When measurement points are arranged at such locations, wired distance measurement should be used for attitude assistance.

[0087] Data collection and analysis When using the chain coordinate positioning method, such as Figure 7 As shown, the reference point and the sensor are arranged on the same straight line. Distance distortion between measurement units is not negligible. The distance between the reference point and the measurement unit, and between the measurement units, is measured by the ranging module. The initial distance... initial angle The measurement unit relies on the relative position of the previous measurement unit to perform calculations.

[0088] When using the absolute coordinate positioning method, there are several possible layout methods, the following three are shown as illustrations: Absolute coordinate positioning method layout method 1, such as Figure 8 As shown, the reference point and the sensor are not arranged on the same straight line. The reference point is associated with multiple sensors. The distance deformation between the measurement units is not ignored. The distance between the reference point and the measurement unit is measured by the ranging module. The measurement unit calculates independently based on its position relative to the reference point.

[0089] Absolute coordinate positioning method layout method 2, such as Figure 9 As shown, multiple reference points are set. The reference points and sensors are not arranged on the same straight line. Each reference point is associated with one sensor. Distance deformation between measurement units is not ignored. The distance between the reference points and measurement units is measured by the distance measuring module. The measurement units perform independent calculations based on their own position relative to the reference points.

[0090] Absolute coordinate positioning method layout method 3, such as Figure 10As shown, when the distance deformation between the measuring units is negligible, a reference point is set as the reference positioning. The measuring units are arranged in a straight line along the main beam direction. The longitudinal spacing of the measuring units and their relative positions to the reference point are known. The measuring units are not arranged at the point on the structural surface where vertical translation occurs. In this case, the distance measuring module can be omitted. The measuring units perform independent calculations based on their own relative positions to the reference point.

[0091] Deformation calculation For detailed analysis methods, please refer to the positioning calculation in Example 1.

[0092] Unidirectional deformation (such as horizontal displacement Δx or vertical displacement Δz) is calculated using the formula:

[0093]

[0094] The cumulative deformation is the sum of the deformations in each time period.

[0095] Example 3 Scenarios with complex or unpredictable deformation directions (taking a three-dimensional landslide as an example). There are many scenarios where the deformation direction is complex or unpredictable, such as: (1) the slope is affected by multiple factors, such as rainfall, surface collapse, landslide conditions, etc., which may cause sliding in other directions besides downward sliding; (2) the floating system bridge is subjected to torsion or lateral swaying caused by live load; the technical disclosure uses three-dimensional landslide deformation as an example.

[0096] Apparatus and method selection: The chain-type relative positioning method is preferred for three-dimensional landslide deformation positioning. When the slope is low and there are no steps, the absolute coordinate positioning method can be used. The benchmark point can be selected in the stable area of ​​the roadbed where there is no settlement deformation. Because there is a lot of uncertainty in three-dimensional landslide deformation, sudden and long-distance displacement can occur. The ranging method should adopt wired ranging to ensure the validity of data between measurement units. In scenarios where the deformation direction is complex or unpredictable, the tilt angle changes in each deformation direction need to be considered. The attitude sensor should preferably be a 9-axis MEMS sensor or a three-axis gyroscope angle meter, which can collect attitude sensors in multiple directions.

[0097] Measurement unit layout reference Figures 11-15 .

[0098] Reference point setting Benchmark points are established in the stable areas of the roadbed where there is no settlement deformation. The coordinates of the benchmark points are known and denoted as (X0, Y0, Z0). Figure 12 As shown, there can be multiple reference points, such as... Figure 13 As shown.

[0099] Measurement point layout Along the slope's height and horizontal direction, survey units are arranged, denoted as M. 11 M 12 ,...,M iN ), where i is the horizontal arrangement level, the measurement units should be arranged at equal intervals, and N is the number of measurement units at that level. For example... Figure 13 As shown.

[0100] Data collection and analysis When using the chain coordinate positioning method, method 1, such as Figure 12 As shown, a reference point is set up, and the measuring unit on each step also serves as the reference point for that step. The distance between the reference point and the measuring unit, and between the measuring units, is measured by the distance measuring module. The initial distance... initial angle The measurement unit relies on the relative position of the previous measurement unit to perform calculations.

[0101] When using the chain coordinate positioning method, method 2, such as Figure 13 As shown, multiple reference points are arranged. The distances between the reference points and the measuring unit, and between the measuring units, are measured by the distance measuring module. The initial distance... initial angle The measurement unit relies on the relative position of the previous measurement unit to perform calculations.

[0102] When using absolute coordinate positioning method 1, such as Figure 14 As shown, a reference point is set up and associated with the measuring unit. The distance between the reference point and the measuring unit is measured by the distance measuring module. The initial distance... (Covering X, Y, and Z distances), initial angle The measuring unit performs independent calculations based on its position relative to the reference point.

[0103] When using absolute coordinate positioning method 2, such as Figure 15 As shown, multiple reference points are arranged, and each reference point is associated with a measuring unit. The distance between the reference points and the measuring unit is measured by a distance measuring module. The initial distance... (Covering X, Y, and Z distances), initial angle The measuring unit performs independent calculations based on its position relative to the reference point.

[0104] Deformation calculation For detailed analysis methods, please refer to the positioning calculation in Example 1.

[0105] The deformation is the difference between the current coordinates and the initial coordinates: , ,

[0106] Calculate the total displacement by combining the three-dimensional deformation: .

[0107] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0108] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0109] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0110] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0111] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A structural deformation monitoring device, characterized in that, include: Multiple measuring units are used to be set at different measuring point positions on the surface of the structure to be measured, and the measuring unit includes a goniometer for measuring angles; A power supply unit is used to supply power to the plurality of measurement units; The system includes a data transmission unit and a data processing unit. The data transmission unit is used to transmit the measurement data of the measurement unit to the data processing unit.

2. The structural deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measuring unit also includes a distance measuring device for measuring distance.

3. The structural deformation monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ranging device employs a wired ranging sensor and / or a wireless ranging sensor; The angle measuring device employs at least one of a multi-axis sensor and a single tilt sensor; The power supply unit adopts at least one of centralized power supply and solar power supply; The data transmission unit employs at least one of wired and wireless transmission.

4. The structural deformation monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The measurement unit also includes an environmental sensing element; The environmental sensing device employs at least one of a temperature and humidity sensor and a barometric pressure sensor.

5. The structural deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, It also includes multiple housings, with the measuring unit disposed inside the housing, and the housing is used to fix it at the measuring point position.

6. The structural deformation monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The housing includes a bottom shell and a top cover detachably connected to the bottom shell; The bottom shell and the top cover are sealed together.

7. The structural deformation monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a bracket, the measuring unit is mounted on the bracket, and there is a gap between the measuring unit and the housing; The bracket is also equipped with a backup power supply.

8. The structural deformation monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a connection component that connects adjacent measurement units; The connecting assembly includes a fixed rod with one end connected to the angle measuring component and the other end located outside the housing, and a multi-angle rotatable adapter connected to the fixed rod.

9. A method for monitoring structural deformation, characterized in that, The structural deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-8 comprises: Obtain the reference coordinates of the monitoring device; Calculate the coordinates of the measuring unit based on the measurement data of the measuring unit.

10. A method for monitoring structural deformation, characterized in that, The structural deformation monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-8 comprises: Obtain the coordinates of the previous measurement unit; Based on the data measured by the subsequent measurement unit relative to the previous measurement unit, calculate the data for the subsequent measurement unit. The coordinates of the element.

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