Verification device and verification method for precision of sample and heat treatment simulation model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment simulation, in particular to a device and a method for verifying the precision of a sample and a heat treatment simulation model. The sample comprises a body, a reference arm and an indication arm. The reference arm is connected with the body; the indicating arm is connected with the body, the indicating arm and the reference arm are arranged in parallel in the first direction, in the first direction, the interval between the indicating arm and the body is a first channel, the interval between the indicating arm and the reference arm is a second channel, and the initial width of the first channel is the same as the initial width of the second channel. According to the sample, a deformation result caused by heat treatment is described by virtue of deformation data of the first channel and the second channel, and the two sides of the indication arm between the first channel and the second channel are high in degree of freedom, so that the quenching deformation of the sample under low-speed cooling is favorably amplified; the accuracy of the measurement results of the first channel and the second channel after quenching is further improved, and finally the result obtained by the experiment is compared with the analog simulation result to obtain the judgment basis of the accuracy of the stress model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heat treatment simulation technology, and in particular to a verification device and method for the accuracy of samples and heat treatment simulation models. Background Technology

[0002] High-vacuum die-cast aluminum alloy structural components are core load-bearing components in the lightweight design of new energy vehicles, and their ability to precisely control quenching deformation directly determines the overall vehicle safety performance and manufacturing yield. However, in the quenching and strengthening process, the thermal stress mismatch caused by non-uniform cooling and the coupling effect of plastic deformation lead to complex three-dimensional geometric distortions in the components. The batch scrap caused by such distortions has become a key bottleneck restricting production capacity and cost.

[0003] To achieve accurate prediction and process optimization of quenching deformation, the industry commonly employs multiphysics coupling simulation technology to construct temperature-stress evolution models. The simulation accuracy of this technology highly depends on the accuracy of the constitutive equations. Among these, the stress evolution model serves as the core link between thermodynamic boundary conditions and deformation behavior. Therefore, verifying the accuracy of the model using appropriate methods is a crucial prerequisite for improving the prediction accuracy of quenching deformation.

[0004] Currently, the common method is to design a specimen with a specific structure, conduct experiments and simulations on the specimen, and finally calculate the accuracy of the corresponding parameters in the simulation and experiment using formulas.

[0005] In existing technologies, the deformation is characterized by three nested C-shaped structures as the specimen. However, the measured size at the opening of the C-shaped specimen is small. When applied to quenching deformation conditions with slow cooling rates and insignificant deformation, the area where deformation occurs is limited, which in turn limits the number of points available for detecting deformation. This method is difficult to effectively amplify the quenching deformation at low cooling rates, thus reducing the accuracy of the measurement results and posing difficulties for subsequent verification of the quenching model. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a verification device and method for the accuracy of samples and heat treatment simulation models to address the above problems.

[0007] A sample, comprising:

[0008] ontology;

[0009] The reference arm is connected to the main body;

[0010] An indicator arm is connected to the body, and the indicator arm and the reference arm are arranged parallel to each other along a first direction. Along the first direction, the interval between the indicator arm and the body is a first channel, and the interval between the indicator arm and the reference arm is a second channel. The initial width of the first channel and the initial width of the second channel are the same. The width of the first channel and the width of the second channel are configured as the deformation detection size of the sample after heat treatment. The body, the reference arm, and the indicator arm are arranged in a coplanar manner.

[0011] The first and second channels of the specimen are located on both sides of the indicator arm, giving the indicator arm dual channels on both sides. The indicator arm can deform in all directions in space, which is beneficial for describing the deformation results caused by heat treatment using the deformation data of the first and second channels. Moreover, the lengths of the first and second channels are controllable, allowing for the acquisition of sufficient experimental data for calculation and comparison. At the same time, the high degree of freedom on both sides of the indicator arm located between the first and second channels is beneficial for amplifying the quenching deformation of the specimen under low-speed cooling, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement results of the first and second channels after quenching. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results to obtain the basis for judging the accuracy of the stress model.

[0012] In one embodiment, the reference arm and the indicator arm extend along a second direction, and along the second direction, the length of the reference arm is less than the length of the indicator arm, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction;

[0013] And / or, the width of the reference arm along the first direction is not less than four times the width of the indicator arm along the first direction.

[0014] This specimen increases the length of the indicator arm in the second direction, making it larger than the reference arm, thereby reducing the influence of the connection structure between the indicator arm and the body on the indicator arm and amplifying the deformation of the indicator arm to small deformations by utilizing the geometric characteristics of the indicator arm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the outer periphery of the body is an arc with a first radius, and the length of the indicator arm along the second direction is greater than the first radius.

[0016] The length range of this indicator arm ensures that it is free from the strong constraints of the main body connection structure while avoiding the difficulty in capturing minute deformations, thus maximizing the accurate conversion and amplification of stress and deformation. The size of the indicator arm avoids being too short, as this would result in excessive constraint from the main body connection structure, inhibiting indicator arm deformation and failing to effectively amplify strain.

[0017] In one embodiment, the ratio of the length of the indicator arm along the second direction to the width of the indicator arm along the first direction is not less than 25.

[0018] By increasing the aspect ratio of the indicator arm, this specimen further reduces the influence of the connection structure between the indicator arm and the body on the deformation of the indicator arm. Simultaneously, it reduces the indicator arm's resistance to deformation, enabling the tensile stress generated by the quenching and cooling shrinkage of the specimen body to be transmitted to the indicator arm without attenuation or even amplified. This transforms the minute strain caused by localized stress due to the temperature gradient into the tilt of the indicator arm, avoiding the problem of stress existing but being undetectable due to insufficient deformation. This aspect ratio of the indicator arm facilitates the measurement and comparison of the dimensions of the first and second channels before and after heat treatment, enabling precise measurement and quantitative analysis of the deformation. This improves the accuracy of the experimental measurement results in verifying simulation results, thereby enhancing the verification effect of the quenching model's accuracy.

[0019] In one embodiment, the sum of the width of the first channel along the first direction, the width of the indicator arm along the first direction, and the width of the second channel along the first direction is greater than 6 times the width of the indicator arm along the first direction.

[0020] This parameter design helps to ensure the total width ratio of the first and second channels, forming a ratio of narrow indicator arms and wide channels. This provides sufficient space for deformation measurement and avoids excessive compression of the channel width. When the indicator arm undergoes a slight shift due to stress during quenching, the narrow channel may experience contact between the indicator arm and the body or the reference arm, making it impossible to measure the true width change. A ratio greater than 6 times ensures that the two channels always have sufficient buffer space. Even if the deformation of the indicator arm is small, it can be accurately captured by the width change of the first or second channel, avoiding measurement interruption or data distortion.

[0021] In one embodiment, along the second direction, the indicating arm has a first end and a second end, and the sample further includes:

[0022] The first connecting arm connects the body and the first end;

[0023] The second connecting arm is located between the second end and the first connecting arm, and the second connecting arm is connected between the body and the third end of the reference arm along the second direction, the third end being located at the end of the reference arm away from the first end.

[0024] The first connecting arm connects only the first end of the indicator arm to the body, essentially providing a rotatable fulcrum for the indicator arm. During quenching, the tensile stress generated by the cooling and shrinkage of the sample body can be directionally transmitted to the indicator arm through the first connecting arm, driving the indicator arm to tilt away from the body with the first end using the first connecting arm as a fulcrum. If the first connecting arm is missing, the indicator arm is directly connected to the body, and the connection between the indicator arm and the body will form a surface constraint, which can easily lead to stress concentration in the connection area, causing the indicator arm to undergo irregular deformations such as twisting and offset, which is not conducive to deformation matching with the simulation model. The second connecting arm connects the third end of the reference arm to the body, and the third end is located at the end of the reference arm away from the first end of the indicator arm. Its core function is to fix the spatial position of the reference arm, so that the reference arm is parallel to the indicator arm, and a second channel is formed between the side wall of the reference arm closer to the body and the indicator arm. The deformation of the indicator arm during the quenching process can be reflected by the dimensional change of the width of the second channel. The second connecting arm is fixed at the third end, which can limit the offset of the reference arm to the maximum extent, so that the width change of the second channel is only caused by the deformation of the indicator arm. This ensures that the measurement data of the first and second channels are the result of the single variable of the indicator arm deformation, avoids the measurement error introduced by the reference drift, and improves the reliability of the data.

[0025] In one embodiment, the outer periphery of the body and the first connecting arm is circular, and the radii of the outer periphery of the first connecting arm and the body are both a first radius. The outer periphery of the body and the first connecting arm are concentrically arranged. The first channel is open on the side near the first end along the first direction. The indicator arm is located at the geometric center of the circle formed by the body and the first connecting arm along the first direction.

[0026] The circular structure has no sharp edges. During quenching and cooling, air is blown along the third direction, and the airflow can flow evenly along the circumference, avoiding the problem of localized overcooling at the corners of square and polygonal structures. This ensures that the temperature gradient along the circumference of the sample is completely uniform. The uniform tensile stress generated in the circumference of the body will be symmetrically transmitted to the first end of the indicator arm through the first connecting arm, which is also part of the circular contour, causing the first end to tilt away from the body.

[0027] In one embodiment, the outline of the first connecting arm facing the body is arc-shaped and has a second radius, which is smaller than the first radius. The center of the outer periphery of the body and the first connecting arm is a first center, and the center of the outline of the first connecting arm facing the body is a second center. The first center and the second center are spaced apart along a second direction, and the second center is located between the first center and the first end.

[0028] The end of the first connecting arm that connects to the main body is the fourth end, and the end of the first connecting arm that connects to the indicator arm is the fifth end. This eccentric structure makes the fourth end wider along the second direction and the fifth end narrower along the second direction, which helps to enhance the connection reliability between the first indicator arm and the main body. Since the width of the indicator arm is small, it is beneficial to make the width of the first end and the size of the fifth end close, reducing stress concentration due to abrupt changes in size at the connection.

[0029] In one embodiment, the end of the first connecting arm connected to the body is the fourth end, and the end of the first connecting arm connected to the indicator arm is the fifth end. The width of the fourth end along the second direction is 5 to 8 times the width of the fifth end along the second direction.

[0030] Since the circumferential tensile stress generated by the cooling and contraction of the main body needs to be transmitted through the first connecting arm, the larger the width of the fourth end, the smaller the stress per unit area. This is beneficial for ensuring that the stress in the first connecting arm at that location is lower than the yield stress of its material, and for keeping the connection between the main body and the first connecting arm within the elastic deformation range. This avoids the first connecting arm from breaking or undergoing plastic deformation due to stress overload, and helps eliminate the risk of interruption of the stress transmission path during quenching. If the ratio is too low, the widths of the fourth and fifth ends will be too similar, which may lead to an unclear cooling sequence during the cooling process, resulting in simultaneous cooling and a more uniform internal stress distribution, reducing deformation and making it difficult to obtain results. If the ratio is too high, the width of the fifth end will be too small, resulting in an excessively thin indicator arm, or even the two ends having the same width. This insufficient rigidity makes it prone to deformation. When subjected to quenching media (such as air or water) for cooling, it is susceptible to additional deformation beyond cooling and contraction due to the impact of the media, interfering with the results.

[0031] In one embodiment, the body has a first fixing hole and the reference arm has a second fixing hole. The first fixing hole and the second fixing hole are used to fix the sample. The first fixing hole and the second fixing hole are equidistant from the indicator arm along the first direction, which is beneficial to achieve symmetrical fixing constraint, ensure the stability of the sample posture during quenching and without additional stress, and ensure that the circular contour of the body and the width of the reference arm will not produce significant deformation after fixing, and will not transmit the constraint force to the indicator arm. This avoids the constraint force of fixing the sample from directly restricting the bending of the indicator arm, and helps to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the deformation of the indicator arm.

[0032] In one embodiment, along the second direction, the indicating arm has a first end, and the sample further includes:

[0033] A first connecting arm is connected between the body and the first end, and a third fixing hole is defined at the end of the first connecting arm near the body.

[0034] The third fixing hole 630 not only fixes the sample, but also acts as a deformation fulcrum. When fixing the sample 1000, the third fixing hole 630 is located at the top.

[0035] A device for verifying the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model, comprising:

[0036] The sample as described above;

[0037] A sample holder, configured to hold the sample, the sample holder comprising:

[0038] A first fixing arm extends along a second direction and is used to fix the body.

[0039] The third connecting arm is connected to the first fixed arm;

[0040] The second fixing arm is connected to the third connecting arm. The second fixing arm is parallel to and spaced apart from the first fixing arm. The second fixing arm is used to fix the indicator arm.

[0041] The verification device has a simple structure. It uses three single-arm structures—the first fixed arm, the third connecting arm, and the second fixed arm—to fix the corresponding positions of the sample, thus avoiding the influence of redundant structures on the stress distribution during the sample cooling process.

[0042] A method for verifying the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model, comprising:

[0043] The sample is processed and obtained as described above according to the preset parameters;

[0044] The sample was subjected to a heat treatment experiment, the experimental parameters were recorded and the experimental data of the sample were obtained. The experimental data included the width data of the first channel at the first preset position and the width data of the second channel at the second preset position along the first direction.

[0045] A heat treatment simulation model is constructed using the material parameters and experimental parameters of the sample, and simulation data generated by the heat treatment simulation model is obtained. The simulation data includes the width data of the first preset position of the first channel along the first direction and the width data of the second preset position of the second channel.

[0046] The fitting coefficient is calculated based on the experimental data and the simulation data, and the accuracy of the heat treatment simulation model is judged based on the fitting coefficient.

[0047] This verification method uses deformation data from the first and second channels to describe the deformation results caused by heat treatment. The lengths of the first and second channels are controllable, allowing for sufficient experimental data to be obtained for calculation and comparison. Simultaneously, the high degree of freedom on both sides of the indicator arm located between the first and second channels facilitates amplification of the quenching deformation of the sample under low-speed cooling, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement results from the first and second channels after quenching. Finally, the experimental results are compared with simulation results to obtain the criteria for judging the accuracy of the stress model.

[0048] In one embodiment, the heat treatment experiment on the sample includes:

[0049] The sample is fixed at the preset experimental position;

[0050] Experimental data on the width of the first channel and the width of the second channel along the first direction in the initial state;

[0051] The sample was subjected to solution treatment;

[0052] A quenching medium is provided to the sample for quenching treatment in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction;

[0053] The experimental data of the first and second channels after quenching were measured.

[0054] In one embodiment, the formula for the fitting coefficient is:

[0055]

[0056] Where FI is the fitting coefficient, W Ei W represents the width data of the first channel at a first preset position in the first direction and the width data of the second channel at a second preset position in the experimental data. Si The width data of the first channel at the first preset position and the width data of the second channel at the second preset position along the first direction in the simulation data. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sample provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the parameter positions of a sample provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the preset positions for acquiring data from the first and second channels provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material rack provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0061] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0062] 1000-sample;

[0063] 100 - Body; 110 - First fixing hole; 200 - Reference arm; 210 - Third end; 220 - Second fixing hole; 300 - Indicator arm; 310 - First end; 320 - Second end; 400 - First channel; 500 - Second channel; 600 - First connecting arm; 610 - Fourth end; 620 - Fifth end; 630 - Third fixing hole; 700 - Second connecting arm;

[0064] 2000 - Material rack; 2001 - First fixed arm; 2002 - Third connecting arm; 2003 - Second fixed arm; 2004 - Support arm; 2005 - Base. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0066] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0067] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0068] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0069] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0070] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0071] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a sample 1000 provided in one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a specimen 1000, which can be used to verify the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model. The heat treatment here can be quenching. For complex structural parts and thin-walled parts, quenching easily causes deformation. To control and predict this deformation, it is necessary to accurately predict the changes in the temperature and stress fields at various locations during the simulation process, which in turn depends on a more accurate stress model. The specimen 1000 is used for quenching, allowing for measurements at specific locations on the specimen 1000 to verify and evaluate the quenching simulation model.

[0073] The sample 1000 has a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are mutually perpendicular, and the third direction is the thickness direction of the sample 1000. The sample 1000 has a sheet-like structure. In this embodiment, the quenching direction of the sample 1000 is the third direction. For example, when the quenching medium of the sample 1000 is air, the airflow blows towards the sample 1000 along the third direction, ensuring that the surface of the sample 1000 perpendicular to the third direction is in uniform contact with the quenching medium, which helps to ensure that the surface of the sample 1000 perpendicular to the third direction has sufficient contact area with the quenching medium.

[0074] The specimen 1000 includes a body 100, a reference arm 200, and an indicator arm 300. The reference arm 200 is connected to the body 100, and the indicator arm 300 is connected to the body 100. The indicator arm 300 and the reference arm 200 are arranged parallel to each other along a first direction. Along the first direction, the distance between the indicator arm 300 and the body 100 is a first channel 400, and the distance between the indicator arm 300 and the reference arm 200 is a second channel 500. The initial width of the first channel 400 is the same as the initial width of the second channel 500. The width of the first channel 400 and the width of the second channel 500 are configured as the deformation detection dimensions of the specimen 1000 after heat treatment. The body 100, the reference arm 200, and the indicator arm 300 are arranged coplanarly.

[0075] The first channel 400 and the second channel 500 of the specimen 1000 are located on both sides of the indicator arm 300, giving the indicator arm 300 a double channel on both sides. The indicator arm 300 may deform in all directions in space, causing the width data of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 to change along the first direction. This is beneficial for describing the deformation results caused by heat treatment by using the dimensional changes of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500. Moreover, the lengths of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 are controllable, allowing for the acquisition of sufficient experimental data for calculation and comparison. At the same time, the high degree of freedom on both sides of the indicator arm 300 located between the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 is beneficial for amplifying the quenching deformation of the specimen 1000 under low-speed cooling, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement results of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 after quenching. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results to obtain the basis for judging the accuracy of the stress model.

[0076] Meanwhile, the sample 1000 has an asymmetric structural design, which achieves stress control by generating significant cooling differences in different regions during the air-cooled quenching process.

[0077] During the quenching and cooling stage, a specially arranged constraint point is formed by the connection point between the indicator arm 300 and the body 100. Through the redistribution of thermal stress, the tensile stress generated during the shrinkage of the sample 1000 during the quenching process is effectively transmitted to the indicator arm 300, driving it to deform. Finally, by measuring the dimensions of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 before and after quenching, the relative positional change between the indicator arm 300 and the reference arm 200 is determined, enabling precise measurement and quantitative analysis of the deformation. The experimental measurement results are then compared with the simulation results to verify the accuracy of the quenching model.

[0078] Specifically, the overall outline of the specimen 1000 can be a regular circle, square, or polygon. Preferably, the overall outline of the specimen 1000 is a regular circle of material with uniform thickness. The circular structure helps to make the stress distribution more uniform when the reference arm 200 and the indicator arm 300 deform, and facilitates the better transfer of deformation to the indicator arm 300. The body 100, the reference arm 200, and the indicator arm 300 are designed for the internal structure of the specimen 1000, causing the specimen 1000 to deform along the circumference after quenching. The deformation is amplified by the indicator arm 300. Subsequently, the dimensional data of several first and second preset positions in the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 before and after quenching are measured and compared. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the simulation results to obtain the basis for judging the accuracy of the stress model.

[0079] In applications, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, multiple first preset positions were selected in the first channel 400 along the second direction, and multiple second preset positions were selected in the second channel 500 along the second direction. In the experimental results, each first preset position and each second preset position were measured three times, and the average of the three measurements for each first preset position was recorded as the parameter W of the first channel 400. Eli The average of the three measurements at each second preset position is recorded as the second channel 500 parameter W. ERi Where E represents the experimental result, S represents the simulation result, L represents the measurement data of the first channel 400 on the left, R represents the measurement data of the second channel 500 on the right, 0 represents the initial state data, and i represents the sequence number of the preset position for width measurement. For example, in the first channel 400, five first preset positions are taken along the second direction, and in the second channel 500, three second preset positions are taken along the second direction.

[0080] Along the first direction, the width W of the indicator arm 300 is less than the width C of the reference arm 200. Reducing the width W of the indicator arm 300 helps to decrease its resistance to deformation and allows for the utilization of its geometric characteristics to amplify the amount of deformation it can withstand for minor deformations. Specifically, the width W of the reference arm 200 along the first direction is not less than four times the width of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction.

[0081] The reference arm 200 and the indicator arm 300 extend along a second direction, and along the second direction, the length of the reference arm 200 is less than the length L of the indicator arm 300. By increasing the length L of the indicator arm 300 in the second direction to be greater than that of the reference arm 200, the specimen 1000 reduces the influence of the connection structure between the indicator arm 300 and the body 100 on the indicator arm 300, thereby utilizing the geometric characteristics of the indicator arm 300 to amplify the deformation amount of the indicator arm 300 in the face of minute deformations.

[0082] Furthermore, the ratio of the length of the indicator arm 300 along the second direction to the width of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction is not less than 25, i.e., L / W≥25. By increasing the aspect ratio of the indicator arm 300, the specimen 1000 further reduces the influence of the connection structure between the indicator arm 300 and the body 100 on the deformation of the indicator arm 300, while also reducing the deformation resistance of the indicator arm 300. This allows the tensile stress generated by the quenching and cooling shrinkage of the body 100 of the specimen 1000 to be transmitted to the indicator arm 300 without attenuation or even amplified. This transforms the small strain formed by the local stress caused by the temperature gradient into the tilt of the indicator arm 300, avoiding the problem of stress existing but not being identified due to the small amount of deformation. The aspect ratio of the indicator arm 300 facilitates the measurement and comparison of the dimensions of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 before and after heat treatment, enabling accurate measurement and quantitative analysis of the deformation. This is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the experimental measurement results of the specimen 1000 in verifying the simulation results, thereby improving the verification effect of the accuracy of the quenching model.

[0083] The specimen 1000 has a circular cross-section. The outer circumference of the body 100 is an arc with a radius of the first radius R1. The diameter of the circumference corresponding to the body 100 is D, and the first radius R1 is D / 2. The length L of the indicator arm 300 along the second direction is greater than the first radius R1, i.e., L > 1 / 2D. The length L of the indicator arm 300 ensures that the indicator arm 300 is freed from the strong constraint of the connection structure with the body 100, while avoiding the difficulty in capturing small deformations, thus maximizing the accurate conversion and amplification of stress and deformation. The dimensions of the indicator arm 300 avoid the situation where the length of the indicator arm 300 is too short, resulting in an excessively strong constraint effect with the connection structure of the body 100, which would inhibit the deformation of the indicator arm 300 and fail to effectively amplify strain.

[0084] At this point, the width W of the indicator arm 300 is equal to (D / 2 - R1) - A.

[0085] The width W of the first channel 400 along the first direction L The width W of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction and the width W of the second channel 500 along the first direction. R The sum is E, and E is greater than 6 times the width W of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction. This parameter design helps to ensure the total width ratio of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500, forming a ratio of narrow indicator arm 300 and wide channel, reserving sufficient space for deformation measurement, and avoiding excessive compression of the channel width. When the indicator arm 300 undergoes a slight displacement due to stress during the quenching process, the narrow channel may experience contact between the indicator arm 300 and the body 100 or the reference arm 200, resulting in the inability to measure the true width change; while E / W≥6 ensures that the dual channels always have sufficient buffer space, so even if the deformation of the indicator arm 300 is small, it can still be measured by W. L or W R It accurately captures width changes, avoiding measurement interruptions or data distortion.

[0086] For example, if the indicator arm 300 is displaced by ΔW due to stress, such as displaced towards the first channel 400, then the width W of the first channel 400 will be... L The change is ΔW, and its relative rate of change is ΔW / W. L Since E / W ≥ 6 and W L and W R The initial widths are the same, W L =(EW) / 2, because W has a low percentage, W L ≈E / 2, i.e., W L When the value is large, for the same ΔW, a larger W will result in a larger W. L Can make ΔW / W L The relative rate of change is more significant and more easily identified by equipment such as micrometers and video measuring instruments, reducing errors caused by small absolute deformation and insufficient accuracy of measuring instruments, and improving data reliability.

[0087] Along the second direction, the indicator arm 300 has a first end 310 and a second end 320, and the sample 1000 also includes a first connecting arm 600 and a second connecting arm 700. The first connecting arm 600 is connected between the body 100 and the first end 310; the second connecting arm 700 is located between the second end 320 and the first connecting arm 600, and the second connecting arm 700 is connected between the body 100 and a third end 210 of the reference arm 200 along the second direction, the third end 210 being located at the end of the reference arm 200 away from the first end 310.

[0088] The first connecting arm 600 connects only the first end 310 of the indicator arm 300 to the body 100, which is equivalent to providing a rotatable fulcrum for the indicator arm 300. During quenching, the tensile stress generated by the cooling and shrinkage of the body 100 of the sample 1000 can be directionally transmitted to the indicator arm 300 through the first connecting arm 600, driving the indicator arm 300 to tilt its first end 310 away from the body 100 with the first connecting arm 600 as the fulcrum. If the first connecting arm 600 is missing, the indicator arm 300 will be directly connected to the body 100. The connection between the indicator arm 300 and the body 100 will form a surface constraint, which will easily lead to stress concentration in the connection area, causing the indicator arm 300 to produce irregular deformations such as twisting and displacement, which is not conducive to deformation matching with the simulation model.

[0089] The second connecting arm 700 connects the third end 210 of the reference arm 200 to the body 100, and the third end 210 is located at the end of the reference arm 200 away from the first end 310 of the indicator arm 300. Its core function is to fix the spatial position of the reference arm 200, so that the reference arm 200 is parallel to the indicator arm 300, and a second channel 500 is formed between the side wall of the reference arm 200 near the body 100 and the indicator arm 300. The deformation of the indicator arm 300 during the quenching process can be reflected by the dimensional change of the width of the second channel 500.

[0090] The second connecting arm 700 is fixed by the third end 210, which can limit the offset of the reference arm 200 to the maximum extent, so that the width change of the second channel 500 is only caused by the deformation of the indicator arm 300. This ensures that the measurement data of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 are the result of the single variable of the deformation of the indicator arm 300, avoids the measurement error introduced by the reference drift, and improves the reliability of the data.

[0091] The width of the second connecting arm 700 along the second direction is greater than the width of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction. At the same time, the width of the second connecting arm 700 along the second direction is less than the width of the reference arm 200 along the first direction.

[0092] Meanwhile, the second connecting arm 700 is located between the second end 320 and the first connecting arm 600, so that the connection position of the first connecting arm 600 and the body 100 is on the side of the second connecting arm 700 away from the second end 320. This makes the first end 310 away from the connection position of the first connecting arm 600 and the body 100. The first connecting arm 600 is connected to the first end 310 by a larger distance, which is beneficial to amplify the deformation of the indicator arm 300 during the quenching process. That is, it increases the proportion of the first end 310 tilting away from the body 100 during the quenching process, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of experimental data, further improving the reliability of experimental results for optimizing simulation results, further strengthening the core value of the sample 1000 for verifying the accuracy of the quenching simulation model, and providing more rigorous experimental support for the accurate prediction of quenching deformation of complex structural parts.

[0093] Furthermore, the first connecting arm 600 has an arc-shaped structure. When the cross-sectional shape of the sample 1000 perpendicular to the third direction is circular, the near semi-circular outline of the first connecting arm 600 connects the body 100 and the first end 310.

[0094] In addition, the connection positions of the first connecting arm 600 with the body 100 and the first end 310, and the connection positions of the second connecting arm 700 with the body 100 and the third end 210 are rounded to reduce stress concentration caused by abrupt angle changes.

[0095] Optionally, the radius of the fillet is the same as the width of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction.

[0096] The outer periphery of the body 100 and the first connecting arm 600 is circular, and the radius of the outer periphery of the first connecting arm 600 and the body 100 is the first radius R1, and its diameter is D. The outer periphery of the body 100 and the first connecting arm 600 are concentrically set. The circular structure has no sharp corners. During quenching and cooling, air is blown along the third direction. The airflow can flow evenly along the circumferential surface, avoiding the problem of local overcooling at the corners of square and polygonal structures, so that the temperature gradient of the sample 1000 along the circumferential direction is completely consistent.

[0097] The first channel 400 is open on the side near the first end 310 along the first direction. The indicator arm 300 is located at the geometric center of the circle formed by the body 100 and the first connecting arm 600. This means that the uniform tensile stress generated by the body 100 along the circumference will be symmetrically transmitted to the first end 310 of the indicator arm 300 through the first connecting arm 600, which is also part of the circular outline. This will eventually drive the indicator arm 300 to tilt, that is, the first end 310 tilts to a certain extent away from the body 100, rather than twisting.

[0098] Based on the above structure, in this embodiment, the body 100, reference arm 200, indicator arm 300, first connecting arm 600, and second connecting arm 700 of the sample 1000 form a G-shaped structure, giving the indicator arm 300 a double channel with a first channel 400 and a second channel 500 on both sides. The sample 1000 is a thin-walled structure. Due to the large length-to-width ratio of the indicator arm 300 within a limited space, it is beneficial to ensure sufficient contact area between the sample 1000 and the quenching medium, i.e., air. The air cooling direction is a third direction, perpendicular to the surface of the sample 1000, which helps to create significant differences in cooling rate at different locations on the sample 1000. This, in turn, uses non-uniformly distributed thermal stress to drive the slender indicator arm 300 between the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 to amplify the deformation. The indicator arm 300 can deform in all directions in space, which is beneficial for describing the deformation referred to by air-cooled quenching using multi-angle deformation data, providing multifaceted data for the verification of the stress model.

[0099] In one embodiment, the profile of the first connecting arm 600 facing the body 100 is arc-shaped, with a radius of a second radius R2, which is smaller than the first radius R1. The center of the outer periphery of the body 100 and the first connecting arm 600 is a first center, and the center of the profile of the first connecting arm 600 facing the body 100 is a second center. The first center and the second center are spaced apart along a second direction, and the second center is located between the first center and the first end 310. The end of the first connecting arm 600 connected to the body 100 is the fourth end 610, and the end of the first connecting arm 600 connected to the indicator arm 300 is the fifth end 620. This eccentric structure makes the width W of the fourth end 610 along the second direction... up The wider end, the fifth end 620, has a width W along the second direction. down The narrower end, i.e., W up Greater than W down W up The larger size of the indicator arm 300 enhances the connection reliability between the first indicator arm 300 and the body 100. Because the width W of the indicator arm 300 is small, W... down Smaller size is advantageous for making its width from the first end 310 and the W of the first indicator arm 300 more similar. down The dimensions are close, reducing stress concentration caused by abrupt changes in dimensions at the connection.

[0100] Optionally, the width of the reference arm 200 along the first direction is not greater than the width of the fourth end 610 along the second direction.

[0101] If the eccentricity between the first center and the second center is A, then W up is (D / 2-R1)+A, W down is (D / 2-R1)-A.

[0102] Since both the side of the first connecting arm 600 facing the body 100 and the side away from the body 100 are arcs, when the first center and the second center are eccentrically set, the width from the fourth end 610 to the fifth end 620 gradually decreases, eliminating abrupt changes in size. The corresponding stress also forms a gradient along this direction, achieving a smooth transition from low stress to high stress. This is beneficial for the first connecting arm 600 to achieve strong connection, low stress, and stable stress transmission to the indicator arm 300, providing more reliable structural support for the verification of the quenching simulation model.

[0103] Furthermore, the width W of the fourth end 610 along the second direction up The width W of the fifth end 620 along the second direction down 5 to 8 times. Due to the circumferential tensile stress generated by the cooling and shrinkage of the main body 100, it needs to be transmitted through the first connecting arm 600, and the fourth end 610W... upThe larger the ratio, the smaller the stress per unit area. This is beneficial because it ensures that the stress on the first connecting arm 600 at that location is lower than the yield stress of its material. It also helps maintain the connection between the body 100 and the first connecting arm 600 within the elastic deformation range, preventing the first connecting arm 600 from fracturing or undergoing plastic deformation due to stress overload. Furthermore, it helps eliminate the risk of interruption of the stress transmission path during quenching. If the ratio is too low, W... up and W down The dimensions are relatively close, which may lead to an unclear cooling sequence during the cooling process, causing them to cool simultaneously. This results in a more uniform internal stress distribution, reducing deformation and making it difficult to obtain accurate results. If the ratio is too large, it will cause the W at the fifth end of 620 to... up If the width is too small, the indicator arm 300 will be too thin, or even the two widths will be the same. The indicator arm 300 will be too stiff and easily deformed. When it is cooled by quenching media (such as air or water), it will be prone to additional deformation in addition to cooling shrinkage when it is subjected to the impact of the quenching media, which will interfere with the results.

[0104] Based on the above W up For W down From 5 to 8 times, it can be calculated that the range of the eccentricity between the first center and the second center is 1 / 17D < A < 1 / 13D.

[0105] Since the second connecting arm 700 is arc-shaped, the radius of the arc on the side of the second connecting arm 700 facing the first center is the third radius R3, and the radius of the arc on the side of the second connecting arm 700 away from the first center is the fourth radius R4. The second radius R1 > the fourth radius R4 > the third radius R3.

[0106] In one embodiment, the body 100 is defined with a first fixing hole 110, and the reference arm 200 is defined with a second fixing hole 220. The first fixing hole 110 and the second fixing hole 220 are used to fix the sample 1000 so that the surface of the sample 1000 can be in uniform contact with the quenching medium during the quenching process. The first fixing hole 110 and the second fixing hole 220 are equidistant from the indicator arm 300 along the first direction, which is beneficial to achieve symmetrical fixing constraint, ensuring that the sample 1000 is stable in posture and without additional stress during the quenching process. It is also beneficial to ensure that the circular outline of the body 100 and the width of the reference arm 200 will not produce significant deformation after fixing, and will not transmit the constraint force to the indicator arm 300. This avoids the constraint force fixing the sample 1000 from directly restricting the bending of the indicator arm 300, which is beneficial to ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the deformation of the indicator arm 300.

[0107] Optionally, the diameters of the first fixing hole 110 and the second fixing hole 220 are less than 1 / 5 of the width of the reference arm 200 along the first direction.

[0108] Furthermore, the distance from the first fixing hole 110 body 100 to the side facing the indicator arm 300 is G, and the distance from the second fixing hole 220 to the side of the reference arm 200 facing the indicator arm 300 is G, where G = 1 / 2C. That is, the second fixing hole 220 is located at the center of the reference arm 200 along the first direction to ensure the parallel symmetry of the reference arms 200.

[0109] Furthermore, there are two first fixing holes 110 and two second fixing holes 220, with the two first fixing holes 110 spaced apart along the second direction and the two second fixing holes 220 spaced apart along the second direction, thereby improving the stability of the fixing.

[0110] Specifically, the center distance between the two second fixing holes 220 is B, the length of the reference arm 200 along the second direction can be 3B, and the two second fixing holes 220 are located in the middle of the reference arm 200 along the second direction.

[0111] Under the constraints of the first fixing hole 110 and the second fixing hole 220, the strain of the body 100 and the reference arm 200 is very small and there is almost no deformation. At this time, the dimensional changes of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 are mainly caused by the deformation of the indicator arm 300, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0112] In one embodiment, the first connecting arm 600 of the specimen 1000 defines a third fixing hole 630. The third fixing hole 630 is equidistant from both sides of the first connecting arm 600 along the second direction, and is located above the geometric center of the indicator arm 300 along the first direction. The third fixing hole 630 not only fixes the specimen but also functions as a deformation fulcrum, and is positioned at the top when fixing the specimen 1000. Optionally, the diameter of the third fixing hole 630 is less than 1 / 5 of the width of the reference arm 200 along the first direction.

[0113] Furthermore, the third fixing hole 630 is located at the center of the fourth end 610 along the second direction, that is, the distance F from the center of the third fixing hole 630 to the inner and outer walls of the fourth end 610 is F=1 / 2[(D / 2-R1)+A].

[0114] like Figure 4As shown, this embodiment also provides a verification device for the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model, including a material rack 2000 for fixing a sample 1000. The material rack 2000 includes a first fixing arm 2001, a third connecting arm 2002, and a second fixing arm 2003. The first fixing arm 2001 extends along a second direction for fixing the body 100. The third connecting arm 2002 is connected to the first fixing arm 2001, and the second fixing arm 2003 is connected to the third connecting arm 2002. The second fixing arm 2003 is parallel to and spaced apart from the first fixing arm 2001, and is used to fix an indicator arm 300. This verification device has a simple structure, using three single-arm structures—the first fixing arm 2001, the third connecting arm 2002, and the second fixing arm 2003—to fix the corresponding positions of the sample 1000, avoiding the influence of redundant structures on the stress distribution during the cooling process of the sample 1000.

[0115] Furthermore, the third connecting arm 2002 is used to connect with the third fixing hole 630.

[0116] In addition, the material rack 2000 also includes a base 2005 and a support arm 2004. The base 2005 provides support and fixation. The support arm 2004 is connected to the base 2005, and the first fixed arm 2001 is connected to the support arm 2004. The support arm 2004, the first fixed arm 2001, the third connecting arm 2002, and the second fixed arm 2003 are connected in a C-shape to avoid interference with the lower end of the first connecting arm 600, which would affect the deformation results, and also reduce the impact on the flow of the quenching medium.

[0117] This embodiment also provides a method for verifying the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model, including:

[0118] S1, Process and obtain sample 1000 as described above according to preset parameters;

[0119] Specifically, the sample 1000 material is processed according to preset parameters to form a sample 1000 with a specific geometric structure. In one specific embodiment, the preset parameters may include: the width W of the indicator arm 300 in the first direction, the length L of the indicator arm 300 in the second direction, the width C of the reference arm 200 in the first direction, the first radius R1, the second radius R2, the distance A between the first center and the second center, the sum E of the width of the first channel 400 in the first direction, the width W of the indicator arm 300 in the first direction, and the width E of the second channel 500 in the first direction, etc. This special parameter design can amplify the deformation of the sample 1000 during quenching, making minute deformations easier to measure and improving measurement accuracy.

[0120] S2, Perform a heat treatment experiment on the sample 1000, record the experimental parameters and obtain the experimental data of the sample 1000. The experimental data are the width data of the first preset position of the first channel 400 along the first direction and the width data of the second preset position of the second channel 500.

[0121] The experimental parameters may include, but are not limited to, data related to sample 1000, the experimental environment of the quenching experiment, and experimental conditions. In subsequent steps, the quenching simulation model can more accurately simulate the quenching process of sample 1000 based on the actual experimental parameters. During the quenching experiment, data from different states of sample 1000 are measured and recorded to form experimental data for sample 1000. This experimental data may include the width data of the first experimental channel 400 and the width data of the second experimental channel 500. Based on the experimental channel width data, the deformation of sample 1000 can be determined.

[0122] S3, construct a heat treatment simulation model using the material parameters and experimental parameters of sample 1000, and obtain simulation data generated by the heat treatment simulation model. The simulation data includes the width data of the first preset position of the first channel 400 along the first direction and the width data of the second preset position of the second channel 500.

[0123] Material parameters refer to data related to the material of sample 1000. A quenching simulation model is constructed based on the material and experimental parameters, and this model is used to simulate the quenching process. During the simulation of the quenching experiment using the model, simulation data of sample 1000 under different states are acquired. This simulation data may include the width data of the simulated first channel 400 and the height data of the simulated second channel 500.

[0124] S4. Calculate the fitting coefficient based on the experimental and simulation data, and judge the accuracy of the heat treatment simulation model based on the fitting coefficient.

[0125] The formula for calculating the fitting coefficient in this step is:

[0126] Formula (1):

[0127] In the calculation formula, FI (Fitting index) is the fitting coefficient, and W... Ei The width data at each point in the measured results refers to the width data at the first preset position of the first channel in the first direction and the width data at the second preset position of the second channel in the experimental data. SiThe "FI" factor is used to evaluate the error between the measured and simulated results, based on the width data of each point in the simulation results, specifically the width data of the first preset position of the first channel along the first direction and the width data of the second preset position of the second channel in the simulation data. The theoretical minimum value of "FI" is 0, and the maximum value is π / 2. The larger the error in the width result, the larger the "FI" value.

[0128] In the above formula, To calculate the absolute error between experimental and simulated values, the denominator is used to standardize the absolute error, eliminating the influence of dimensions between numerical values ​​and making data of different orders of magnitude comparable. Dividing the two results in the normalized absolute error, which is used for error standardization.

[0129] In the formula, in, the denominator " "Choosing the minimum value between the experimental and simulation results at the same location is to amplify small errors and increase the sensitivity to errors; using 'tan'..." -1 x” is the arctangent function, which maps the proportional error to [0, ..., Between these values, when the proportional error is infinite, the upper limit of the function is limited to... In order to suppress the excessive influence of extreme errors.

[0130] The above and In order to combine absolute error and relative error, the combined effect of the two is taken into account.

[0131] Calculating the mean and taking the square root is to balance the contributions of absolute and relative errors and avoid the one-sidedness of a single indicator.

[0132] The simulation results can be evaluated by calculating the fitting coefficient formulas described above. The criteria for defining the evaluation range of the simulation results are shown in Table 1.

[0133] Table 1. Division of the evaluation scope of simulation results

[0134]

[0135] This verification method uses deformation data from the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 to describe the deformation results caused by heat treatment. The lengths of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 are controllable, allowing for the acquisition of sufficient experimental data for calculation and comparison. Simultaneously, the high degree of freedom on both sides of the indicator arm 300 located between the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 facilitates the amplification of the quenching deformation of the sample 1000 under low-speed cooling, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement results from the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 after quenching. Finally, the experimental results are compared with simulation results to obtain the criteria for judging the accuracy of the stress model.

[0136] In one embodiment, step S2, performing a heat treatment experiment on sample 1000, includes:

[0137] S21, Fix sample 1000 in the preset experimental position;

[0138] In this embodiment, the preset test position refers to the position in the experimental equipment where the test is constrained in a preset form. Specifically, the sample 1000 is fixed on the material rack 2000.

[0139] S22, Measure the experimental data of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 in the initial state;

[0140] The width data of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 in the initial state are measured. That is, before the sample 1000 is under constraint but before quenching, the width data of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 at multiple preset positions along the first direction are measured and recorded as the first channel 400 parameter W. EL0i Second channel 500 parameters W ER0i Where E represents the experimental results, L represents the measurement data of the first channel 400 on the left, R represents the measurement data of the second channel 500 on the right, 0 represents the initial state data, and i represents the sequence number of the preset position for width measurement. These initial measurement data will serve as the reference values ​​for subsequent deformation calculations.

[0141] S23, solution treatment of sample 1000;

[0142] Ensure that sample 1000 is correctly placed in the preset test position within the solution furnace via the material rack 2000, and that sample 1000 has sufficient space to ensure uniform heat distribution. Check the operating status of the solution furnace, including whether the temperature control system and ventilation system are functioning properly. Set an appropriate solution temperature and holding time according to the material type and specifications of sample 1000. Solution treatment parameters may vary significantly for different materials; therefore, these parameters should be determined based on the specific heat treatment specifications for each material.

[0143] S24, a quenching medium is provided to the sample 1000 that has undergone the solution treatment along a third direction for quenching treatment;

[0144] Specifically, a quenching medium (such as air) is supplied to the solution-treated sample 1000 along a third direction for quenching. This step preferably maintains consistency in the quenching posture and speed of operation to ensure controllability and repeatability of the cooling conditions. After the sample 1000 has cooled sufficiently, it is removed from the quenching medium.

[0145] After quenching, the temperature of the sample was reduced from 1000°C to room temperature.

[0146] S25, measure the experimental data after quenching treatment of the first channel 400 and the second channel 500.

[0147] Specifically, measurements were taken at multiple preset positions along the second direction in the first channel 400 and the second channel 500, with each preset position measured three times. This was to obtain experimental data for the first channel 400 and the second channel 500 when the sample 1000 remained constrained after quenching. The average of the three measurements at each preset position was calculated and recorded as parameter W of the first channel 400. ELi Second channel 500 parameters W ERi The preset position here is the same as the preset position in the initial state before heat treatment. Here, E represents the experimental result, L represents the measurement data of the first channel 400 on the left, R represents the measurement data of the second channel 500 on the right, and i represents the sequence number of the preset position for width measurement.

[0148] In one embodiment, a sample 1000 is cut from the circular die-casting blank and the sample 1000 is processed into the shape shown below. Figure 1 The sample is shaped as shown, with D = 190 mm, R1 = 77.5 mm, A = 12.5 mm, L = 125 mm, W = 5 mm, B = 25 mm, C = 20 mm, R2 = 45 mm, R3 = 55 mm, E = 30 mm, d = 3 mm, F = 15 mm, G = 10 mm, r = 5 mm, and the thickness H of the sample 1000 is 3 mm. The sample 1000 is fixed to the rack 2000 with bolts and placed vertically in the solution furnace to avoid deformation caused by gravity during the solution treatment process. The sample 1000 is heated to 480°C in the furnace at a rate of 180°C / h, held at that temperature for 70 min, and then removed for air-cooling quenching. During quenching, the sample 1000 is perpendicular to the air outlet. After the sample 1000 and rack 2000 cool to room temperature, the sample 1000 is removed for precision measurement.

[0149] During measurement, the plane in the first direction where the centers of the first fixing hole 110 and the second fixing hole 220 are located is taken as the starting point as the preset position No. 1. Five measurement points are taken at intervals of 25mm in the first channel 400 and three measurement points are taken in the second channel 500. The width W in the channel at each point is measured. ELi and W ERi value.

[0150] The above-mentioned sample 1000 was quenched, and the measurement data are shown in Table 2:

[0151] Table 2 Results of Quenching Experiments on Sample 1000 in Examples

[0152]

[0153] For the sample 1000 described in the embodiment, a linear elastoplastic constitutive model was first used for simulation, and the simulation results were measured. Here, the linear elastoplastic constitutive model is an embedded model included in the simulation software. The linear model included in the model is shown in formula (2):

[0154] Formula (2):

[0155] Where σ0 is the yield stress, ε pl H represents plastic strain, and H represents the plastic modulus.

[0156] The simulation results before optimization are shown in Table 3:

[0157] Table 3. Simulation results of sample 1000 in Example using a linear elastoplastic constitutive model.

[0158]

[0159] The fitting coefficient between the simulation results and the experimental results before optimization is calculated using the formula for calculating the fitting coefficient, thus obtaining the FI before optimization. L ≈0.34551, FI before optimization R The fitting coefficients on both sides are greater than 0.25, which falls within the "good" range of the results evaluation. This means that the overall trend of the simulation results is consistent, but the specific results deviate and the model still needs to be optimized.

[0160] Based on the above simulation results, the elastoplastic model was optimized and fitted using a nonlinear model.

[0161] The mathematical expression of the nonlinear model is shown in formula (3):

[0162] Formula (3):

[0163] Where σ0 is the yield stress, ε pl σ is the plastic strain, α is the hardening exponent, and σ is the plastic strain. ∞ This is the ultimate yield stress.

[0164] The specific fitting method is as follows: High-temperature tensile test data under a certain condition (e.g., 180℃) is used for parameter fitting. The fitting method involves using data analysis software (e.g., Origin) to obtain a linear elastoplastic model and a nonlinear elastoplastic model. After fitting, the nonlinear result matches the experiment better, resulting in a better outcome. Therefore, the nonlinear model is the optimized result.

[0165] The optimized elastoplastic model was used for simulation, and the simulation results were measured. The optimized simulation results data are shown in Table 4.

[0166] Table 4. Simulation results of Example Sample 1000 using a nonlinear model

[0167]

[0168] The optimized FI is obtained by calculating the fitting index between the optimized simulation results and the experimental results using formula (1). L ≈0.19566, optimized FI R The optimized fitting coefficients are all less than 0.25, and the error is extremely small. Therefore, the simulation results have high reliability.

[0169] Compared with the fitting index before optimization, the fitting coefficients after optimization all decreased and were all below 0.25, which falls within the "excellent" range of the results evaluation, effectively verifying the accuracy of the optimized model in predicting deformation results.

[0170] Therefore, the sample 1000 and verification method provided in this embodiment are helpful in obtaining the basis for judging the accuracy of the stress model.

[0171] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0172] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sample, characterized in that, include: ontology; The reference arm is connected to the main body; An indicator arm is connected to the body, and the indicator arm and the reference arm are arranged parallel to each other along a first direction. Along the first direction, the interval between the indicator arm and the body is a first channel, and the interval between the indicator arm and the reference arm is a second channel. The initial width of the first channel and the initial width of the second channel are the same. The width of the first channel and the width of the second channel are configured as the deformation detection size of the sample after heat treatment. The body, the reference arm, and the indicator arm are arranged in a coplanar manner.

2. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference arm and the indicator arm extend along a second direction, and along the second direction, the length of the reference arm is less than the length of the indicator arm, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; And / or, the width of the reference arm along the first direction is not less than four times the width of the indicator arm along the first direction.

3. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the body is an arc with a radius of a first radius, and the length of the indicator arm along the second direction is greater than the first radius.

4. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the length of the indicator arm along the second direction to the width of the indicator arm along the first direction is not less than 25.

5. The sample according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sum of the width of the first channel along the first direction, the width of the indicator arm along the first direction, and the width of the second channel along the first direction is greater than 6 times the width of the indicator arm along the first direction.

6. The sample according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the indicator arm has a first end and a second end, and the sample further includes: The first connecting arm connects the body and the first end; The second connecting arm is located between the second end and the first connecting arm, and the second connecting arm is connected between the body and the third end of the reference arm along the second direction, the third end being located at the end of the reference arm away from the first end.

7. The sample according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the body and the first connecting arm is circular, and the radii of the outer periphery of the first connecting arm and the body are both the first radius. The outer periphery of the body and the first connecting arm are concentrically arranged. The first channel is open on the side near the first end along the second direction. The indicator arm is located at the geometric center of the circle formed by the body and the first connecting arm along the first direction.

8. The sample according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outline of the first connecting arm facing the body is arc-shaped, and the radius is a second radius, which is smaller than the first radius. The center of the outer periphery of the body and the first connecting arm is a first center, and the center of the outline of the first connecting arm facing the body is a second center. The first center and the second center are spaced apart along a second direction, and the second center is located between the first center and the first end.

9. The sample according to claim 7, characterized in that, The end of the first connecting arm that is connected to the body is the fourth end, and the end of the first connecting arm that is connected to the indicator arm is the fifth end. The width of the fourth end along the second direction is 5 to 8 times the width of the fifth end along the second direction.

10. The sample according to any one of claims 1-5 and 7-9, characterized in that, The main body has a first fixing hole, and the reference arm has a second fixing hole. The first fixing hole and the second fixing hole are used to fix the sample. The first fixing hole and the second fixing hole are at the same distance from the indicator arm along the first direction.

11. The sample according to any one of claims 1-5 and 7-9, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the indicator arm has a first end, and the sample further includes: A first connecting arm is connected between the body and the first end, and a third fixing hole is defined at the end of the first connecting arm near the body.

12. A device for verifying the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model, characterized in that, include: The sample as described in any one of claims 1-11; A sample holder, configured to hold the sample, the sample holder comprising: A first fixing arm extends along a second direction and is used to fix the body. The third connecting arm is connected to the first fixed arm; The second fixing arm is connected to the third connecting arm. The second fixing arm is parallel to and spaced apart from the first fixing arm. The second fixing arm is used to fix the indicator arm.

13. A method for verifying the accuracy of a heat treatment simulation model, characterized in that, include: The sample as described in any one of claims 1-11 is processed and obtained according to preset parameters; The sample was subjected to a heat treatment experiment, the experimental parameters were recorded and the experimental data of the sample were obtained. The experimental data included the width data of the first channel at a first preset position and the width data of the second channel at a second preset position along the first direction. A heat treatment simulation model is constructed using the material parameters and experimental parameters of the sample, and simulation data generated by the heat treatment simulation model is obtained. The simulation data includes the width data of the first preset position of the first channel along the first direction and the width data of the second preset position of the second channel. The fitting coefficient is calculated based on the experimental data and the simulation data, and the accuracy of the heat treatment simulation model is judged based on the fitting coefficient.

14. The method for verifying the accuracy of the heat treatment simulation model according to claim 13, characterized in that, The heat treatment experiment on the sample includes: The sample is fixed at the preset experimental position; Experimental data on the width of the first channel and the width of the second channel along the first direction in the initial state; The sample was subjected to solution treatment; A quenching medium is provided to the sample for quenching treatment in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction; The experimental data of the first and second channels after quenching were measured.

15. The method for verifying the accuracy of the heat treatment simulation model according to claim 13, characterized in that, The formula for the fitting coefficient is: Where FI is the fitting coefficient, W Ei W represents the width data of the first channel at a first preset position in the first direction and the width data of the second channel at a second preset position in the experimental data. Si The width data of the first channel at the first preset position and the width data of the second channel at the second preset position along the first direction in the simulation data.

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