Negative electrode composition, negative electrode and battery

Abstract

The invention provides a negative electrode composition, a negative electrode and a battery, the negative electrode composition comprises a composition particle and a dispersed particle, and the composition particle and the dispersed particle are both active materials. The composition particles comprise a lithium-titanium composite oxide, and the lithium-titanium composite oxide comprises a lithium element and a titanium element. The dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide, the structural element composite oxide comprises a structural element, and the structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium and germanium. When specific conditions are met, the safety, the service life, the stability and the capacitance of the battery are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a negative electrode composition, a negative electrode and a battery, and more particularly to a negative electrode composition, a negative electrode and a battery that can improve battery safety, lifespan, stability and capacitance. Background Technology

[0002] Modern batteries are being researched and developed with the goal of achieving high energy density, high operating voltage, fast charging speed, and long cycle life. Currently, carbon or graphite are commonly used as negative electrode materials. However, during high-current cycling, the layered structure of carbon or graphite cannot withstand the rapid insertion and migration of ions, which can easily cause irreversible structural collapse, reducing capacity and storage life. Furthermore, when the current density is too high, polarization can easily occur, causing lithium ions to be reduced to lithium metal on the electrode surface and forming lithium dendrites, leading to internal short circuits and safety concerns.

[0003] Furthermore, the theoretical energy density of graphite is far lower than the kinetic energy requirements of large electric devices such as electric vehicles. Therefore, introducing silicon-based materials with high energy density as new anode materials has become a trend in the development of lithium batteries. However, research shows that after multiple charge-discharge cycles, batteries with added silicon-based materials experience excessively drastic volume changes due to the repeated insertion and exit of lithium ions into and out of the silicon-based materials. This can even cause the materials to crack, severely affecting the structural stability of the anode and leading to a significant reduction in battery life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention utilizes lithium-titanium composite oxides and multi-element structural element composite oxides to form a composition for use in anode materials. The uniform distribution of the structural element composite oxides around the lithium-titanium composite oxides simplifies the manufacturing process and contributes to the stability of the anode composition structure and improves energy density. The appropriate ratio of lithium-titanium composite oxides and structural element composite oxides helps improve the battery's charge / discharge efficiency and energy density. The oxide composition of the anode inherently possesses high heat resistance, contributing to improved battery safety and lifespan in high-temperature environments. During redox processes, the anode composition exhibits minimal crystal volume change and high mechanical stability, thus enabling it to withstand higher current densities while maintaining overall structural integrity, avoiding poor cycle life due to structural damage. The similar redox potentials of the various oxides in the anode composition contribute to a more uniform formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film during charge / discharge, reducing capacity reduction and increased overall battery impedance caused by lithium ion consumption, and preventing lithium dendrite formation, thereby enhancing battery safety.

[0005] According to the present invention, a negative electrode composition is provided, comprising a constituent particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials. The constituent particle comprises a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which comprises lithium and titanium. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element composite oxide, which comprises a structural element, wherein the structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. The weight ratio of the constituent particle to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particle to the negative electrode composition is pWd, which satisfies the following condition: 0.10 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 3.00.

[0006] According to the present invention, a negative electrode is provided, comprising the negative electrode composition as described above and a conductive agent.

[0007] According to the present invention, a battery is provided, comprising a negative electrode as described above.

[0008] According to the present invention, a negative electrode composition is provided, comprising a constituent particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials. The constituent particle comprises a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which comprises lithium and titanium. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element composite oxide, which comprises a structural element, wherein the structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. The observed particle size of the constituent particle is SDlt, which satisfies the following condition: 0.50 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 50.00 μm.

[0009] According to the present invention, a negative electrode is provided, comprising the negative electrode composition as described above.

[0010] According to the present invention, a battery is provided, comprising a negative electrode as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the accompanying drawings are described below:

[0012] Figure 1 A scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the constituent particles in the battery of the first comparative example;

[0013] Figure 2 The circuit diagram shows the battery of the second comparative example being discharged at a current of 1C.

[0014] Figure 3A This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the constituent particles in the battery of the first embodiment.

[0015] Figure 3BA scanning electron microscope image of the surface of dispersed particles in the battery of the first embodiment;

[0016] Figure 3C The differential graph of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery in the first embodiment;

[0017] Figure 3D The charging curve of the battery in the first embodiment is a cubic differential graph;

[0018] Figure 3E The discharge curve of the battery in the first embodiment is a cubic differential plot.

[0019] Figure 3F A cycle diagram of the battery of the first embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the second embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the third embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the fourth embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the fifth embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the sixth embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the 7th embodiment being discharged at a 1C current;

[0026] Figure 10 A cycle diagram of the battery of embodiment 8 being discharged at a 1C current; and

[0027] Figure 11 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the 9th embodiment being discharged at a 1C current. Detailed Implementation

[0028] One embodiment of the present invention provides a negative electrode composition comprising a constituent particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials. The constituent particle comprises a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which includes a lithium element and a titanium element. The dispersed particle comprises a structural element composite oxide, which includes a structural element comprising tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. Thus, the present invention uses a lithium-titanium composite oxide and a multi-element structural element composite oxide to form a composition for use in a negative electrode material. The uniform distribution of the structural element composite oxide around the lithium-titanium composite oxide simplifies the preparation process and contributes to the stability of the negative electrode composition structure and improves energy density. The appropriate ratio of lithium-titanium composite oxide and structural element composite oxide helps improve the charge-discharge efficiency and energy density of the battery. Since the negative electrode composition is an oxide, it inherently possesses high heat resistance, which helps improve the safety and lifespan of the battery in high-temperature environments. The negative electrode composition exhibits minimal crystal volume change and high mechanical stability during redox processes, enabling it to withstand higher current densities while maintaining structural integrity and preventing poor battery cycle life due to structural damage. The similar redox potentials of the multiple oxides in the negative electrode composition contribute to a more uniform formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during charge and discharge. This not only reduces capacity loss and increased overall battery impedance due to lithium-ion consumption but also prevents lithium dendrite formation, enhancing battery safety. Compared to single-element oxides, the multi-element composite oxide composition offers advantages such as richer redox reactions, higher electrochemical activity, and higher conductivity, thereby improving the material's electrochemical performance.

[0029] According to the negative electrode composition of the present invention, the weight ratio of the constituent particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, which satisfies the following condition: 0.10 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 3.00. By combining the constituent particles and dispersed particles in an appropriate ratio, it helps to improve the charge-discharge efficiency and energy density of the battery. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.30 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 1.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.35 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 0.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.15 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 2.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.20 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 2.00. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.35 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 1.40. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.38 ≤ pWd / pWlt ≤ 1.30. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.40≤pWd / pWlt≤1.20.

[0030] According to the negative electrode composition of the present invention, the observed particle size of the constituent particles is SDlt, which satisfies the following condition: 0.50 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 50.00 μm. Maintaining an appropriate particle size through lithium titanium composite oxide not only helps to maintain the integrity of the overall structure and avoid defects or easy breakage of the lithium titanium composite oxide, but also helps to improve the capacity retention rate and excellent cycle life. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1.00 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 30.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.75 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 40.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 2.00 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 25.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 3.00 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 20.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 4.00 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 15.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 4.50 μm ≤ SDlt ≤ 12.00 μm.

[0031] According to the negative electrode composition of the present invention, the observed particle size of the dispersed particles is SDd, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.01 μm ≤ SDd ≤ 5.00 μm. Maintaining an appropriate particle size by dispersing the particles not only helps to increase the dispersibility of the dispersed particles, but also helps to improve the energy density. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.05 μm ≤ SDd ≤ 3.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.10 μm ≤ SDd ≤ 2.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.15 μm ≤ SDd ≤ 1.00 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.20 μm ≤ SDd ≤ 0.80 μm. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.22 μm ≤ SDd ≤ 0.75 μm.

[0032] According to the negative electrode composition of the present invention, the structural element includes tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper. By using a composite oxide of structural elements composed of at least three specific elements, the multi-element oxide composition exhibits more diverse redox reactions and higher electrochemical activity compared to single-element oxides.

[0033] According to the negative electrode composition of the present invention, the structural elements include tin, iron, and at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper. By using a specific ternary composite oxide as a material in the negative electrode composition, it is possible to adapt to higher current densities while maintaining the integrity of the overall structure, which helps to improve the cycle life of the battery.

[0034] According to the present invention, the negative electrode composition has at least one oxidation peak or at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.10V to 4.00V. By having oxidation or reduction peaks in the negative electrode composition within the voltage range, a richer redox reaction can be achieved, which helps to improve the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0035] According to the negative electrode composition of the present invention, the average observed particle size of the constituent particles is aSDlt, and the average observed particle size of the dispersed particles is aSDd, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.10 ≤ 10 × aSDd / aSDlt ≤ 1.50. Having an appropriate size ratio between the particle size of the constituent particles and the particle size of the dispersed particles helps to make the dispersed particles more uniformly dispersed and increases the contact area with the constituent particles. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.20 ≤ 10 × aSDd / aSDlt ≤ 1.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.30 ≤ 10 × aSDd / aSDlt ≤ 1.20. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.40 ≤ 10 × aSDd / aSDlt ≤ 1.00. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.45 ≤ 10 × aSDd / aSDlt ≤ 0.95. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.50 ≤ 10 × aSDd / aSDlt ≤ 0.85.

[0036] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a negative electrode comprising a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material comprises the negative electrode composition as described above and a conductive agent.

[0037] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the negative electrode composition accounts for a weight ratio of pWo of the negative electrode material, and the conductive agent accounts for a weight ratio of pWc of the negative electrode material, which can satisfy the following condition: 2.80 ≤ pWo / pWc ≤ 3.80. Having an appropriate weight ratio between the negative electrode composition and the conductive agent helps to maintain a balance between the improvement of energy density and conductivity. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 2.90 ≤ pWo / pWc ≤ 3.70. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 3.00 ≤ pWo / pWc ≤ 3.60. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 3.10 ≤ pWo / pWc ≤ 3.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 3.15 ≤ pWo / pWc ≤ 3.40. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 3.20 ≤ pWo / pWc ≤ 3.30.

[0038] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the negative electrode material has at least an oxidation peak or at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.20V to 2.50V. By having oxidation or reduction peaks in the negative electrode material within the voltage range, a richer redox reaction can be achieved, which helps to improve the electrochemical performance of the material.

[0039] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks in a voltage range of 0.50V to 1.80V. Analysis shows that the negative electrode material exhibits multiple reduction peaks during discharge, providing higher electrochemical activity and contributing to improved capacity during discharge.

[0040] According to the present invention, the negative electrode material has at least two oxidation peaks in the voltage range of 1.30V to 2.50V and at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.50V to 1.80V. By analyzing the presence of multiple oxidation peaks during charging and multiple reduction peaks during discharging, the negative electrode material provides higher electrochemical activity, which helps to improve the capacity retention rate.

[0041] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, at least one oxidation peak in the negative electrode material includes a first oxidation peak, the voltage of which is Vo1, which satisfies the following condition: 1.40V ≤ Vo1 ≤ 2.00V. Analyzing the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material helps to analyze the elements undergoing the optimal oxidation reaction and the valence state transition process during oxidation, and assists in setting the optimal charging operating range. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 1.45V ≤ Vo1 ≤ 1.90V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 1.50V ≤ Vo1 ≤ 1.85V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 1.55V ≤ Vo1 ≤ 1.80V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 1.58V ≤ Vo1 ≤ 1.78V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 1.60V ≤ Vo1 ≤ 1.75V.

[0042] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, at least one oxide peak in the negative electrode material includes a second oxide peak, the voltage of which is Vo2, and satisfies the following condition: 1.50V ≤ Vo2 ≤ 2.50V. Analyzing the voltage of the second oxide peak of the negative electrode material helps to understand the electrochemical reaction of the negative electrode material and affects subsequent optimization of battery design. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.60V ≤ Vo2 ≤ 2.40V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.70V ≤ Vo2 ≤ 2.30V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.75V ≤ Vo2 ≤ 2.20V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 1.80V ≤ Vo2 ≤ 2.10V.

[0043] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a first reduction peak, the voltage of which is Vr1, which satisfies the following condition: 0.50V ≤ Vr1 ≤ 2.00V. Analyzing the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material helps to evaluate battery performance, including reduction efficiency and energy density during discharge. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.60V ≤ Vr1 ≤ 1.80V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.70V ≤ Vr1 ≤ 1.70V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.80V ≤ Vr1 ≤ 1.60V. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following condition: 0.85V ≤ Vr1 ≤ 1.55V.

[0044] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a second reduction peak, the voltage of which is Vr2, and satisfies the following condition: 0.50V ≤ Vr2 ≤ 2.00V. By analyzing the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material, the reduction efficiency of the multi-element oxide can be evaluated, which helps to improve the energy density and cycle stability during discharge. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.60V ≤ Vr2 ≤ 1.80V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.70V ≤ Vr2 ≤ 1.70V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.80V ≤ Vr2 ≤ 1.60V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.85V ≤ Vr2 ≤ 1.55V.

[0045] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the negative electrode material includes a first oxidation peak and a first reduction peak within a voltage range of 0.20V to 2.50V, the voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1, and the voltage of the first reduction peak is Vr1, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.05V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤1.50V. By reducing the difference between the voltage of the first oxidation peak and the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material, it is helpful to increase the reversibility of the electrochemical redox reaction. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.06V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤1.30V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.07V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤1.20V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.08V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤1.10V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.09V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤1.00V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.10V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤0.90V.

[0046] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the voltage of the first oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Vo1, and the voltage of the second oxidation peak of the negative electrode material is Vo2, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.05V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.60V. Having similar voltages for the two oxidation peaks helps to reduce the problem of increased impedance after multiple charge-discharge cycles. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.06V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.55V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.07V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.50V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.08V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.48V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.09V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.45V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.10V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.42V.

[0047] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the voltage of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Vr1, and the voltage of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Vr2, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.20V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤1.00V. Having similar voltages for the two reduction peaks helps to form a more uniform SEI film and extend battery life. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.25V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤0.90V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.30V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤0.85V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.35V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤0.80V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.40V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤0.75V. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.45V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤0.70V.

[0048] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the peak value of the first reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ir1, and the peak value of the second reduction peak of the negative electrode material is Ir2, which can satisfy the following condition: -1.50≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤1.50. By having two reduction peaks with comparable peak values, comparable redox efficiency is provided during charge and discharge, which helps to reduce the capacity degradation rate of the battery. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: -1.00≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤1.20. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: -0.80≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤1.00. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: -0.50≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤0.90. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: -0.40≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤0.80. Or, it can satisfy the following condition: -0.30≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤0.75.

[0049] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the density of the negative electrode material is DSan, which satisfies the following condition: 0.50 g / cm³. 3 ≤DSan≤1.80g / cm 3 Having an appropriate density in the negative electrode material helps to improve the energy density of the battery. Alternatively, it can meet the following condition: 0.60 g / cm³. 3 ≤DSan≤1.60g / cm 3 Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.65 g / cm³ 3 ≤DSan≤1.50g / cm 3 Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.70 g / cm³ 3 ≤DSan≤1.40g / cm 3 Alternatively, it can meet the following condition: 0.75 g / cm³ 3 ≤DSan≤1.30g / cm 3 Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.78 g / cm³ 3 ≤DSan≤1.25g / cm 3 .

[0050] According to the negative electrode of the present invention, the thickness of the negative electrode material is THa, and the resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, which can satisfy the following conditions: 1.0 μm ≤ THa ≤ 70.0 μm; and 0.30 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 10.00 mΩ. By maintaining the thickness of the negative electrode material within an appropriate range, its resistance also simultaneously satisfies an appropriate range, which helps to maintain the cycle stability of the subsequent battery. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following conditions: 3.0 μm ≤ THa ≤ 60.0 μm; and 0.50 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 8.00 mΩ. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following conditions: 5.0 μm ≤ THa ≤ 50.0 μm; and 0.80 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 6.00 mΩ. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following conditions: 8.0 μm ≤ THa ≤ 40.0 μm; and 1.00 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 4.00 mΩ. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 10.0 μm ≤ THan ≤ 30.0 μm; and 1.10 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 3.00 mΩ. Alternatively, it may satisfy the following conditions: 12.0 μm ≤ THan ≤ 20.0 μm; and 1.20 mΩ ≤ Ran ≤ 2.50 mΩ.

[0051] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a battery comprising the aforementioned negative electrode.

[0052] According to the battery of the present invention, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery after ten cycles of charging and discharging at a 1C current is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery after one hundred cycles of charging and discharging at a 1C current is C1V100, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.50≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.80. By comparing the difference in capacity after ten cycles with that after a short number of cycles, it helps to reduce the capacity degradation rate of the battery. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.60≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.60. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.70≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.80≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.40. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.90≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.30. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 1.00≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.25.

[0053] According to the battery of the present invention, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery after ten cycles of charging and discharging at a 1C current is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery after four hundred cycles of charging and discharging at a 1C current is C1V400, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.85≤C1V400 / C1V10≤2.00. By comparing the difference in capacity after the tenth cycle and the intermediate cycle number, it helps to enhance the battery's durability. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.87≤C1V400 / C1V10≤1.80. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.88≤C1V400 / C1V10≤1.60. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.89≤C1V400 / C1V10≤1.50. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.90≤C1V400 / C1V10≤1.40. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.92≤C1V400 / C1V10≤1.35.

[0054] According to the battery of the present invention, the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery after ten cycles of charging and discharging at a 1C current is C1V10, and the discharge volumetric capacity of the battery after eight hundred cycles of charging and discharging at a 1C current is C1V800, which can satisfy the following condition: 0.70≤C1V800 / C1V10≤2.50. By comparing the difference in capacity after ten cycles and after a long number of cycles, it helps to enhance the battery life. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.75≤C1V800 / C1V10≤2.30. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.80≤C1V800 / C1V10≤2.10. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.85≤C1V800 / C1V10≤2.00. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.90≤C1V800 / C1V10≤1.90. Alternatively, it can satisfy the following condition: 0.95≤C1V800 / C1V10≤1.80.

[0055] The negative electrode composition of this invention has constituent particles with porous surfaces, and dispersed particles located within these porous structures. The negative electrode composition is formed by adding the constituent particles and dispersed particles to a solution to form a colloidal solution. Due to the significantly larger particle size of the constituent particles compared to the dispersed particles, the dispersed particles can be tightly distributed around the constituent particles, thus forming the negative electrode composition. Furthermore, an adhesive can be added to the colloidal solution to increase the coverage of the dispersed particles around the constituent particles. Moreover, the charge and electrical properties of the constituent or dispersed particles can be altered by adjusting the electrolyte added to the solution, the pH value of the solution, etc., allowing the constituent and dispersed particles, with their opposite charges, to attract each other in the solution.

[0056] The constituent particles described in this invention may include niobium-titanium composite oxide, lithium-titanium composite oxide, or niobium-vanadium composite oxide.

[0057] The dispersed particles of the present invention may be a mixed material, which may include structural element oxides, tin-based alloys, modified silicon materials, carbon-based materials, lithium-containing metal compounds, lithium-containing metal oxides, lithium metal, or combinations thereof. The structural element oxides may include structural element composite oxides and structural element mixed oxides, while the modified silicon materials may include silicon-based materials and auxiliary materials.

[0058] The active material described in this invention can be expressed within the operating voltage range of the battery. The active material itself participates in the redox reaction. Whether the material is an active material can be determined by the differential capacity analysis (DCA) method of constant current charge-discharge voltage-capacity curve. If the test material is an active material, it will have an oxidation peak or a reduction peak within the operating voltage range.

[0059] The niobium-titanium composite oxide of the present invention may include undoped niobium-titanium composite oxides and doped niobium-titanium composite oxides. The undoped niobium-titanium composite oxides contain at least niobium, titanium, and oxygen. The niobium-titanium composite oxides contain various compounds, which can be further represented by the following chemical formulas:

[0060] Ti x Nb y O z ,

[0061] Where z≤4x+5y, for example TiNb2O7, Ti2Nb 10 O 29 TiNb 14 O 37 With TiNb 24 O 62 The crystal structure of niobium-titanium composite oxides can be cubic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, ReO3-type, or layered. The doped niobium-titanium composite oxide can be selected from at least one compound among the above-mentioned undoped niobium-titanium composite oxides, doped with at least one doping element, and can be further represented by the following chemical formula:

[0062] Ti (x-a) M1 a Nb (y-b) M2 b O (z-c) M3 c ,

[0063] Among them, M1, M2, and M3 are doping elements, where 0 ≤ a < x, 0 ≤ b < y, 0 ≤ c < z. The structure can be changed by adjusting the doping elements or the doping ratio. At least one auxiliary material can be further selected to coat or fill the surface or pores of the niobium-titanium composite oxide.

[0064] The lithium-titanium composite oxide described in the present invention may include undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide and doped lithium-titanium composite oxide. The composition of the undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide at least includes lithium element, titanium element, and oxygen element. The lithium-titanium composite oxide includes various compounds, such as Li4Ti5O 12 , LiTi2O4, Li2Ti3O7, and Li2TiO3. The doped lithium-titanium composite oxide can be selected from at least one of the above undoped lithium-titanium composite oxide compounds doped with at least one doping element. The structure can be changed by adjusting the doping elements or the doping ratio. At least one auxiliary material can be further selected to coat or fill the surface or pores of the lithium-titanium composite oxide.

[0065] The doping element described in the present invention can be selected from any element in Group IA, Group IIA, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, Group VIIIB, Group IB, Group IIB, Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group VA, Group VIA, and Group VIIA, and can be further selected from at least one of lithium, boron, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, calcium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, arsenic, bromine, zirconium, molybdenum, antimony, iodine, tantalum, tungsten, and bismuth. Selecting elements with high conductivity or lighter elements for doping helps to increase the conductivity of the doped niobium-titanium composite oxide and the doped lithium-titanium composite oxide, and strengthen the fast charging performance of the battery and improve the energy density.

[0066] The structural element described in the present invention can be a metal element or a metalloid element. The metal element can be selected from any element in Group IA, Group IIA, Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, Group VIIIB, Group IB, Group IIB, Group IIIA, and Group IVA, and the metal element can be further selected from magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, niobium, and tin. The metalloid element can include boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, and the metalloid element can be further selected from boron, silicon, and germanium.

[0067] The structural element composite oxides described in this invention may comprise compounds formed by at least two structural elements, such as: lithium-titanium composite oxides, niobium-titanium composite oxides, cobalt-copper composite oxides, cobalt-tin composite oxides, cobalt-silicon composite oxides, cobalt-iron composite oxides, cobalt-manganese composite oxides, cobalt-nickel composite oxides, copper-tin composite oxides, copper-silicon composite oxides, copper-iron composite oxides, copper-manganese composite oxides, copper-nickel composite oxides, tin-silicon composite oxides, tin-iron composite oxides, tin-manganese composite oxides, tin-nickel composite oxides, ferrosilicon composite oxides, silicon-manganese composite oxides, silicon-nickel composite oxides, iron-manganese composite oxides, iron-nickel composite oxides, and manganese-nickel composite oxides. Further explanation: the structural element composite oxide may comprise a compound formed by at least three of the aforementioned structural elements. The structural elements may be further selected from at least three of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, niobium, and tin. The structural element may further comprise tin and at least two of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. The structural element may further comprise tin and at least two of the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper. The structural element may further comprise tin and iron and at least one of the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper. The structural element composite oxide includes, but is not limited to: tin-cobalt-copper composite oxide, tin-nickel-copper composite oxide, tin-manganese-cobalt composite oxide, tin-manganese-nickel composite oxide, tin-cobalt-copper composite oxide, tin-iron-aluminum composite oxide, tin-iron-silicon composite oxide, tin-iron-chromium composite oxide, tin-iron-manganese composite oxide, tin-iron-cobalt composite oxide, and tin-iron-nickel composite oxide.

[0068] The structural element mixed oxide of the present invention may contain a structural element. Further, the structural element mixed oxide may be a mixture formed by at least two oxides containing a structural element, such as: a mixture formed by tin oxide and nickel oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and cobalt oxide, a mixture formed by tin oxide and manganese oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and lithium oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and titanium oxide, a mixture formed by silicon oxide and tin oxide, or a mixture formed by silicon oxide and iron oxide; further, the structural element mixed oxide may be a mixture formed by at least three oxides containing a structural element, such as: a mixture formed by tin oxide, iron oxide, and aluminum oxide, tin... Mixtures of oxides with iron oxides and silicon oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with iron oxides and chromium oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with iron oxides and manganese oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with iron oxides and cobalt oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with iron oxides and nickel oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with iron oxides and copper oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with copper oxides and cobalt oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with manganese oxides and nickel oxides; mixtures of tin oxides with copper oxides and nickel oxides; mixtures of silicon oxides with chromium oxides and manganese oxides; mixtures of silicon oxides with copper oxides and manganese oxides.

[0069] The tin-based alloys described in this invention may include tin-phosphorus alloys, tin-sulfur alloys, tin-antimony alloys, tin-cobalt-sulfur alloys, tin-antimony-sulfur alloys, and tin-copper-phosphorus alloys.

[0070] The modified silicon material of this invention may comprise a silicon-based material and an auxiliary material. The silicon-based material may form a mixture with the auxiliary material, or a chemical bond may be formed between the silicon-based material and the auxiliary material. The silicon-based material may also form a film structure with the auxiliary material. Further, the auxiliary material may be a polymer. The polymer may form a film structure on the periphery of the silicon-based material through chemical bonding or physical mixing. The polymer is polymerized from at least two monomers, which may include a first monomer and a second monomer. The first monomer contains a siloxane group, and the second monomer contains a carboxyl group or an ester group. The first monomer is closer to the silicon-based material than the second monomer. The polymer can be formed through addition polymerization and copolymerization reactions (copolymerization) between the first monomer (containing unsaturated alkenyl groups or acrylate groups) and the second monomer (containing unsaturated alkenyl groups or acrylate groups), linked by covalent bonds. A crosslinking agent may be further added to the polymer to crosslink the linear polymer chains and form a network structure.

[0071] The silicon-based material described in this invention may be silicon, silicon oxide, silicon-carbon composite, or silicon alloy. Silicon-based materials have a particle size of sD50 at D50, which can satisfy the following conditions: 10.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 10000.0nm, or the following conditions: 10.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 3000.0nm; 10.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 2000.0nm; 10.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 1000.0nm; 10.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 500.0nm; 20.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 400.0nm; 30.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 300.0nm; 40.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 250.0nm; 50.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 200.0nm; 60.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 150.0nm; or 70.0nm ≤ sD50 ≤ 100.0nm. The sD50 can be 20nm, 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 250nm, 300nm, 350nm, 400nm, 450nm, 500nm, 800nm, 1000nm, 1500nm, 2000nm, 2500nm or 3000nm.

[0072] The carbon-active material described in this invention may be graphite, graphene, carbon microspheres, hard carbon, or soft carbon.

[0073] The first monomer described in this invention may be a siloxy compound containing at least one alkenyl group (-C=C-), carbonyl group (-C=O), carboxyl group (-COOH), amide group (-CONH2), or silyl enol ether, and may include: vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane, 2-(chloromethyl)prop-2-enyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-(methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)propylmethylbis(trimethoxy)silane... 2-Hydroxy-3-[3-[methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propoxy]propyl]2-methylprop-2-enoate), 3-methacryloxypropylpentamethyldisiloxane (3-[Dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl2-methylprop-2-enoate), 3-methacryloxypropylbis(trimethylsilyloxy)methylsilane (3-[Methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]propyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 3-(N-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, (3-Isocyanatopropyl)-triethoxysilane, 1-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]urea, and hydroxyl-terminated dimethylmethylvinyl(siloxane-polysiloxane)-terminated copolymer. Silalkoxy compounds may further have, for example, the following structures, but are not limited thereto:

[0074] (R)3-Si-(CH2) n -X-(CH2) m-A，

[0075] Wherein, R is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, ethoxy and silanoxy groups, X is methyl or oxygen, A is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, acrylate and methacrylate groups, and n and m satisfy the following condition: 0≤n+m≤10. Silaneoxy compounds may include: triethoxysilylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 2-trimethylsilyloxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (MPS), 4-trimethoxysilylbutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 5-trimethoxysilylpentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 6-trimethoxysilylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, and 7-trimethoxysilylheptyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 8-Trimethoxysilyloctyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 9-Trimethoxysilylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 10-Trimethoxysilyldecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, Tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylmethyl2-methylprop-2-enoate, and 3-[tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl] methacrylate.Silalkoxy compounds can form active silanol groups (Si-OH) through hydrolysis, and then undergo condensation reactions with silicon-based materials (especially those formed on the surface by oxidants to form a silicon oxide layer) to form siloxane compounds with a silicon-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-Si) structure. The aforementioned oxidants can oxidize the silicon-hydrogen bonds (Si-H) on the surface of silicon-based materials to silanol groups (Si-OH), or oxidize silicon to silicon dioxide, which helps to form an oxide layer on the surface of silicon-based materials.

[0076] The second monomer described in this invention may contain a carboxyl group or an ester group, such as: 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate (DMAEMA), methyl methacrylate (Methyl2-methylprop-2-enoate; MMA), methyl acrylate (Methyl prop-2-enoate; MA), 2-Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate (2EHA), acrylic acid (Prop-2-enoic acid; AA), isobutyl methacrylate (2-Methylpropyl2-methylprop-2-enoate; IBMA), benzyl methacrylate (Benzyl2-methylprop-2-enoate; BZMA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (Oxolan-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate; THFA), 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate (EDGA), dodecyl methacrylate (Dodecyl prop-2-enoate; LA), or a combination of the above monomers.

[0077] The crosslinking agent described in this invention enables linear polymers to crosslink and form a network structure. The crosslinking agent can be any compound with terminally unsaturated vinyl groups, and may include: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethoxylated-9-trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMP9EOTA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl2-methylprop-2-enoate), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate), tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2-[2-[2-[2-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl)

[0078] 2-methylprop-2-enoate), allyl methacrylate (Prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,3-propanediol dimethacrylate (3-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl2-methylprop-2-enoate), 2,3-propanediol dimethacrylate ([2-Methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl]2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (4-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (6-(2-Methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl2-methylprop-2-enoate).

[0079] The silicon-carbon composite of this invention may comprise a silicon-coated carbon shell membrane structure, a silicon-carbon yolk-shell structure, and a porous structure. The silicon-coated carbon shell membrane structure is formed by oxygen-free high-temperature pyrolysis, where a carbon shell is coated around the silicon material. The silicon-carbon yolk-shell structure is formed by generating silicon oxide on the silicon surface, followed by oxygen-free high-temperature pyrolysis to coat the silicon material with a carbon shell, and then removing the silicon oxide with hydrofluoric acid (HF), breaking the silicon particles into fine nanoparticles. The porous structure is formed by using materials with low self-diffusion coefficients or by adding foaming materials, and then carbonizing intermediate products through sintering or electrochemical etching to create a silicon carbide ceramic porous material.

[0080] The carbon-based material of the present invention can be formed by carbonization of a carbon-containing precursor through heat treatment, wherein the carbon-containing precursor may contain organic compounds, and the organic compounds may further contain sugars, asphalt, or organic polymers.

[0081] The carbon conductive material described in this invention may be graphite, carbon microspheres, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon, conductive graphite (KS6, SFG6), graphene, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon black (Super P), or carbon nanotube (CNT).

[0082] The negative electrode material described in this invention may include a negative electrode component and auxiliary materials.

[0083] The auxiliary materials described in this invention may include polymers, metals, alloys, non-metallic oxides, metal oxides, fluorides, organic compounds, adhesives, conductive agents, or additives.

[0084] The adhesive described in this invention may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), or alginic acid linearly polymerized from monosaccharide uronic acid.

[0085] The conductive agent described in this invention may be graphite, conductive graphite, graphene, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon microspheres, carbon fibers, hard carbon, soft carbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, titanium dioxide, potassium titanate fiber (PHT), or a combination thereof.

[0086] The negative electrode sheet of the present invention can be coated with single or double layers, vacuum coated, or composite structure.

[0087] The cathode material described in this invention may be a lithium composite metal oxide containing lithium or at least one metal, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO2, LiMn2O4), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2), lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNiCoO2), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNiMnO4), lithium manganese cobalt oxide (LiCoMnO2, LiCoMnO4), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiCoMnO2, LiNiCoMnO4), or a combination thereof. The lithium composite metal oxide may contain a variety of different oxidation states.

[0088] The electrolyte described in this invention may be composed of metal salts, additives, and organic solvents, with the proportion of organic solvents being greater than the proportion of additives. The electrolyte may be in a liquid, colloidal, or solid state. The additives and organic solvents used as the electrolyte may be physically mixed, or at least one of the following additives or organic solvent monomers may be selected as polymerization precursors.

[0089] The metal salts described in this invention may be inorganic lithium acid salts such as LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiClO4, LiC4BO8, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiNO3, and LiGaCl4; fluorine-containing lithium sulfonate salts such as LiCF3SO3, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiN(CF3SO2)2, and LiC(CF3SO2)3; LiBF2(C2O4)(LiDFOB), LiB(C2O4)2(LiBOB), or combinations thereof. The metal salts may contain a variety of different oxidation states.

[0090] The organic solvent described in this invention may be a carbonate, a carboxylic acid ester, an ether, a sulfide, or a combination thereof, and the organic solvent may also be used as an additive.

[0091] The additives described in this invention may be carbonate compounds, lactones, cyclic compounds containing ether groups, aromatic compounds, phosphorus-containing compounds, boron-containing compounds, inorganic oxides, or combinations thereof. Appropriate addition of additives helps to improve battery performance, such as: improving SEI film composition, improving high-temperature and high-voltage performance, improving ion conductivity, reducing electrolyte impedance, improving cycle stability, stabilizing the integrity of positive and negative electrode materials, and increasing electrochemical stability.

[0092] The organic solvent described in this invention contains polymerizable olefin groups and can be used as a monomer for a second structure precursor, such as: vinylene carbonate (2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate; VC), ethylene ethylene carbonate (4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Vinylethylene carbonate; VEC), vinylene trithiocarbonate (1,3-Dithiole-2-thione; Vinylene trithiocarbonate), 2,5-Dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 1-Ethenylsulfonylethene, Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone, ether-containing cyclic compound additives, or aromatic compound additives.

[0093] The carbonate esters described in this invention can be compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups in a carbonate molecule are partially or completely replaced by alkyl groups. They can be classified into cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates. Linear carbonates may include: dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbonate (FEMC). Cyclic carbonates may include: ethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxolan-2-one; Ethylenecarbonate; EC) and propylene carbonate (4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Propylene). Carbonate; PC), Trimethylene carbonate (1,3-Dioxan-2-one; Trimethylene carbonate; TMC), 1,2-Butylene carbonate (4-Ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; 1,2-Butylene carbonate), 2,3-Butylene carbonate ((4R,5S)-4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; cis-2,3-Butylene carbonate), 1,2-Pentylene carbonate (1,2-Pentylene carbonate), 2,3-Pentylene carbonate (2,3-Pentylene carbonate), Vinylene carbonate (2H-1,3-Dioxol-2-one; Vinylene carbonate; VC), Vinylene carbonate (4-Vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; Vinylethylene) 4-Fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (Fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC) and 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (Difluoroethylene carbonate).DFEC), 1,3-Dithiole-2-thione (Vinylene trithiocarbonate), or a combination thereof.

[0094] The carboxylic acid ester organic solvents described in this invention are prepared by esterification of alcohols and carboxylic acids. They can be methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, lactone, or a combination thereof. The lactone can further be defined as containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, referring to compounds containing a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid, which undergo intramolecular condensation to form a cyclic carboxylic acid ester monomer. Depending on the position of the hydroxyl group and the number of carbon atoms in the ring, there can be various combinations, including: α-acetolactone (Oxiran-2-one) and β-propiolactone (Oxetan-2-one). (e), γ-butyrolactone (Oxolan-2-one; γ-butyrolactone), γ-valerolactone (5-Methyloxolan-2-one; γ-valerolactone), σ-valerolactone (Oxan-2-on; σ-valerolactone), γ-caprolactone (5-Ethyloxolan-2-one; γ-caprolactone), ε-caprolactone (Oxepan-2-one; ε-caprolactone), δ-glucono-1,5-lactone (D-Glucono-1,5-lactone; δ-gluconolactone), or combinations thereof.

[0095] The ether-based organic solvents described in this invention may be tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-Methyloxolane; 2-MeTHF), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (4-MeDOL), dimethoxymethane (DMM), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP), 1,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)ethane (DENE), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1-Methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane (DG), or combinations thereof.

[0096] The sulfur-containing organic solvents of this invention can be classified into sulfonyl group compounds (-(O=)S(=O)-) and sulfonate group compounds (-SO2O-). The sulfonyl group compounds may include 2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide and 1-ethylene sulfonylethene. The sulfonate group compounds can be further subdivided into mesylate (CH3SO2O-), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO2O-), and p-toluenesulfonyl group (Tosyl), which may include ethyl methanesulfonate (1-Methylsulfonyloxyethane), methyl p-toluenesulfonate (Methyl4-methylbenzenesulfonate), and oxathiolane (Oxathiolane). 2,2-dione), propenyl-1,3-sulfonyl lactone (Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone), 1,3-propanediol cyclosulfate (1,3,2-Dioxathiane2,2-Dioxide), or a combination thereof.

[0097] The lactone cyclic ester additive of this invention can be a polycyclic diester monomer formed by esterification condensation of two identical or dissimilar compounds both containing hydroxycarboxylic acid. It may include: 1,4-Dioxane-2,5-dione (Glycolide), 3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (Lactide), or a combination thereof. Based on the stereoisomers formed by differences in the spatial arrangement of atoms, lactone can be further subdivided into LL-lactide ((R,R)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione). ;LL-Lactide), DD-lactide ((S,S)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DD-Lactide), DL-lactide ((meso)-3,6-Dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione; DL-Lactide); or carboxylic acid compounds containing hydroxyl groups, which can be copolymerized directly to form polymers without ring-opening reactions, including: 2-hydroxyacetic acid (2-Hydroxyacetic acid; Glycolic acid), 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-Hydroxypropanoic acid; Lactic acid), 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-Hydroxybutanoic acid), 5-hydroxyvaleric acid (5-Hydroxyvaleric acid), or combinations thereof.

[0098] The ether-containing cyclic compound additive of the present invention may be a crown ether, wherein the crown ether has an ethylene oxide (-CH2CH2O-) as the main repeating unit structure, and may include: 9-crown ether-3 (1,4,7-Trioxonane; 9-Crown-3), 12-crown ether-4 (1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane; 12-Crown-4), 15-crown ether-5 (1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane; 15-Crown-5), 18-crown ether-6 (1, 4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane; 18-Crown-6), 21-crown-7 (1,4,7,10,13,16,19-Heptaoxacycloheneicosane; 21-Crown-7), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-Octahydrodibenzo[b,k][1,4,7,10,13,16]hexaoxacyclooctade cine; Dibenzo-18-crown-6), diaza-18-crown-6 (1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane; Diaza-18-crown-6), or combinations thereof.

[0099] The aromatic compound additives of the present invention may include: methoxybenzene, 1-Ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene, tert-Butylbenzene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-Difluorobenzene, 1,1'-Oxydibenzene, 1,4-Diphenylbenzene, 2-Fluoro-4-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)aniline, N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]aniline, or combinations thereof.

[0100] The phosphorus-containing compound additive of the present invention may be tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSPi), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, 1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatriphosphorine (2-ethoxy-2,4,4,6,6-pentafluoro-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydro-) or a combination thereof.

[0101] The boron-containing compound additive of the present invention may be trimethyl borate, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriborinane, or a combination thereof.

[0102] The inorganic oxide additives described in this invention can be composite materials such as lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LiLaZrO), lithium lanthanum zirconium tantalum oxide (LiLaZrTaO), lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LiLaTiO), lithium phosphate (LiPO), lithium fluorophosphate (LiPOF), lithium titanium phosphate (LiTiPO), lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LiAlGeP), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LiAlTiPO), lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide oxide (LiGePSO), lithium tin phosphorus sulfide oxide (LiSnPSO), lead zirconium titanium oxide (PbZrTiO), lead lanthanum zirconium titanium oxide (PbLaZrTiO), and barium titanium oxide (BaTiO). The aforementioned inorganic oxide additives can contain various different oxidation states, or Al2O3, TiO2, SiO2, SnO2, NiO, ZnO, CaO, MgO, ZrO2, CeO2, Y2O3, etc. They can reduce the crystallinity of polymer electrolytes, thereby increasing ionic conductivity and the physical and mechanical strength of the electrolyte, which helps to enhance battery cycle life.

[0103] The separator of the present invention may be a thin film with a porous structure, and may contain single or multiple layers of polyolefin, polyamide, or polyester fiber, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), or epoxy resin; or may contain at least one inorganic ceramic composite film or combination thereof such as Mg(OH)2, MgO, BaSO4, SnO2, NiO, CaO, Al2O3, ZnO, SiO2, or TiO2 on its surface. The inorganic ceramic composite film may contain a variety of different oxidation states.

[0104] The current collector of the present invention may be a substrate made of metal foil or conductive polymer, wherein the metal foil may be selected from aluminum, copper, titanium, nickel, tantalum, stainless steel or alloys formed therefrom.

[0105] The battery cycle count described in this invention is defined as the battery being a commercially available product. The first test in this state is defined as the first cycle in this invention. One discharge and one charge test is defined as one cycle, and so on.

[0106] The capacity described in this invention can measure both the charging capacity and discharging capacity of a battery. The capacity can be calculated using methods such as volumetric capacity (mAh / cm³). 3 Volumetric capacity (mAh / g) refers to the capacity provided by each electrode per cubic centimeter in a battery. The volumetric capacity is calculated by subtracting the volume of the current collector. The gravimetric capacity is calculated by subtracting the weight of the current collector from the capacity provided by each electrode per gram in a battery. The electrode can be either a positive electrode or a negative electrode.

[0107] The C-rate (C) described in this invention can represent the current required for a battery to be fully discharged in one hour, and C can be used as a unit for the charging and discharging current of the battery.

[0108] The battery measurement voltage range described in this invention can be selected according to the oxidation-reduction potential of the positive and negative electrode materials. The voltage range can be selected from 0V to 5.0V, preferably from 0V to 3.0V, and even more preferably from 1.0V to 4.5V.

[0109] The discharge volumetric capacity described in this invention can be expressed as CiVj, and the discharge weight capacity can be expressed as CiGj, where i represents the current for charging and discharging in units of C, and j represents the number of charge-discharge cycles of the battery.

[0110] The coulomb efficiency described in this invention, which satisfies a certain percentage range for a total number of times, can be expressed as nxCyEz, where x represents the lower limit of this specific percentage range, y represents the charging and discharging current in C units, and z represents the number of charge-discharge cycles before the battery is deactivated.

[0111] The coulombic efficiency described in this invention can be expressed as aCyEz, where y represents the current in C for charging and discharging, and z represents the number of charge-discharge cycles before the battery is deactivated.

[0112] The battery assembly of the present invention may include a battery casing, spring contacts, weights, cover plates, tabs, and caps.

[0113] The bipolar battery of the present invention may include bipolar battery electrodes and an electrolyte. One side of the bipolar battery electrode is a positive electrode containing a positive electrode material, and the other side is a negative electrode containing a negative electrode material. Two bipolar battery electrodes are connected by an electrolyte (the electrolyte contacts the positive electrode of one bipolar battery electrode and the negative electrode of the other bipolar battery electrode) to form a bipolar battery unit. Multiple bipolar battery units are connected in series to form a bipolar battery.

[0114] The battery pack described in this invention can be a primary battery or a secondary battery. The electrochemical carrier of the primary or secondary battery can be at least one of a button-type carrier, a wound carrier, or a stacked carrier. It can be applied to portable electronic products, such as digital cameras, mobile phones, laptops, game console handles, etc., which require lightweight and thin designs. It can also be applied to large-scale energy storage industries such as light electric vehicles and electric vehicles.

[0115] The differential capacity analysis (DCA) method for constant current charge / discharge voltage-charge curves described in this invention can be used to determine the optimal voltage range for redox reactions of the analyte. A constant current of 2C is set for charging or discharging, and the charging / discharging operating voltage range is set from 0.00V to 5.00V (vs Li). + / Li). Take the voltage-charge curve data of the first charge and discharge cycles of the test object, and differentiate the voltage once, plotting the x-axis as voltage (V vs Li). + Plotting the voltage-charge curves with dQ / dV (mAh / V) on the y-axis and dQ / dV on the y-axis yields a constant current charge / discharge voltage-charge differential plot. The first derivative of the charging curve reveals the voltage and peak value of the optimal oxidation peak of the analyte; the first derivative of the discharging curve reveals the voltage and peak value of the optimal reduction peak. The criteria for determining the oxidation peak are as follows: a voltage range of 0.50V to 3.00V (vs Li) is used. + / Li), the voltage is differentially divided three times by the charging voltage-capacity curve data to obtain the third derivative data of the charging curve. The peak value of the third derivative data of the charging curve is set to be less than -3 (mAh / V). 3 The voltage corresponding to the minimum peak value is considered the oxidation peak voltage, and the voltage corresponding to the minimum peak value is set as the first oxidation peak voltage. The peak value corresponding to the first oxidation peak voltage in the first derivative data of the charging curve is set as the first oxidation peak value. The voltage corresponding to the second minimum peak value is set as the second oxidation peak voltage, and the peak value corresponding to the second oxidation peak voltage in the first derivative data of the charging curve is set as the second oxidation peak value. The criteria for judging the reduction peak are as follows: the voltage range is set to 0.10V to 3.00V (vsLi). + / Li), the voltage is differentially divided three times by the discharge voltage-charge curve data to obtain the third derivative data of the discharge curve. The peak value in the third derivative data of the discharge curve is set to be greater than 3 (mAh / V). 3 The voltage corresponding to the maximum peak value is regarded as the reduction peak voltage, and the voltage corresponding to the maximum peak value is set as the first reduction peak voltage. The peak value corresponding to the first reduction peak voltage in the first differential data of the discharge curve is set as the first reduction peak value. The voltage corresponding to the second maximum peak value is set as the second reduction peak voltage, and the peak value corresponding to the second reduction peak voltage in the first differential data of the discharge curve is set as the second reduction peak value.

[0116] The electrochemical stability described in this invention is determined using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a scan rate of 0.1 V / s in Li. + By cyclically measuring the relative voltage of / Li between -5.00V and 5.00V, the corresponding changes in the relationship between current and voltage can be obtained.

[0117] The particle size observation method described in this invention involves observing the top view of the negative electrode composition using an electron microscope. The plane is divided into shallow and deep regions perpendicular to the top view. Particles in the shallower region that are granular or spherical are preferentially selected, and the maximum diameter of a single particle is measured. If the sample is irregularly shaped, the lengths of the longest and shortest sides are measured and averaged. Four particles are selected within the measurement range for measurement, and the average of these four measurements is taken as the average particle size observed in this invention. The measurement range area of ​​the constituent particles can be set to 500 μm. 2 The measurement range area of ​​the dispersed particles can be set to 120μm. 2 .

[0118] The cumulative particle size described in this invention represents the distribution of particle sizes of various sizes in the test item. Based on the proportion of each particle size distribution and the cumulative percentage based on volume, the cumulative particle size distribution function can be obtained. For example, when the cumulative particle size distribution percentage reaches 50%, the particle size is defined as D50, which means that 50% of the particles in the test item have a particle size smaller than D50. D10, D90, and so on. Unless otherwise specified, D50 is used as the standard for judging particle size. The cumulative particle size of the test item can be measured using a laser analyzer or a dynamic light scattering instrument.

[0119] The laser analyzer described in this invention can use a Malvern mastersizer 3000+ to measure particle sizes larger than the incident light wavelength. Larger particles have smaller diffraction angles, while smaller particles have larger diffraction angles. The particle size is analyzed by arranging multiple detectors at different angles to collect light and analyzing the scattering phenomenon of micron-sized particles.

[0120] The particle size described in this invention can be determined by measuring the amplitude of the light scattered by the particle during Brownian motion using dynamic light scattering, and its distribution can be calculated using the Stokes-Einstein equation, as shown in the following formula:

[0121] D = kT / (3πηDf),

[0122] Where D is the particle size (in meters), k is the Boltzmann constant (in J / K), T is the absolute temperature (in K), and η is the solvent viscosity (in kg × m³). -1 ×s -1 Df is the diffusion coefficient (unit: m). 2 ×s -1 ).

[0123] The negative electrode weight percentage mentioned in this invention does not include the weight of the current collector.

[0124] The thickness of the negative electrode material described in this invention can be measured by subtracting the thickness of the current collector from the thickness of the negative electrode sheet.

[0125] The negative electrode material density described in this invention can be obtained by cutting a circular negative electrode sheet with a diameter of 14mm, measuring the weight of the negative electrode sheet and deducting the weight of the current collector, measuring the thickness of the negative electrode sheet and the area of ​​the cut circle to obtain the volume, and calculating the weight divided by the volume to obtain the negative electrode material density.

[0126] The resistance of the negative electrode material described in this invention can be measured by a four-point probe. The distance between each adjacent probe is 1.5cm. During the measurement, the probe will contact the surface of the sample to be tested, and the closest distance between any probe and the boundary of the sample to be tested on the surface must be greater than 7.5cm.

[0127] The surface roughness described in this invention is based on the surface property parameter Sa (μm) of ISO 251781, which is the arithmetic mean height of the surface, and the area of ​​the region measuring the roughness is set to be at least greater than 10000 μm. 2 The height of the mean surface is the arithmetic mean of the heights of the coordinates Z(x,y) of all points in the region, and Sa is the average of the absolute values ​​of the height differences between the coordinates Z(x,y) of all points in the region and the mean surface, according to the following formula:

[0128]

[0129] Where A is the area of ​​the region (μm) 2 ), where h is the height of the average surface (μm).

[0130] The conductivity described in this invention is calculated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. An alternating current of 1 Hz to 100 Hz with an amplitude of 50 mV is applied to the polymer or electrolyte, the resistance is measured, and the conductivity is then calculated using the following formula:

[0131] Ci = (1 / R) × (L / A),

[0132] Where Ci(S×cm) -1 R (Ω) is the conductivity, L (cm) is the resistance, and A (cm) is the distance between the two electrodes. 2 The cross-sectional area (L / A) between the analyte and the electrode is given by (L / A), where (L / A) can be expressed as the conductivity coefficient (cm²). -1 ).

[0133] All the relevant configurations of the constituent particles and dispersed particles described in this invention can be further made into negative electrode components based on relevant materials or proportions, and can be further made into negative electrodes based on relevant materials or proportions, and can be further made into batteries for charge and discharge testing based on relevant materials or proportions. This invention only shows some relevant configurations, and tables with no data or that cannot be calculated are marked with "-".

[0134] Based on the above implementation methods, specific embodiments are presented below and described in detail with experimental data.

[0135] <First Comparative Example>

[0136] Please see Figure 1The image shown is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the constituent particles in the battery of the first comparative example. The first comparative example is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising only constituent particles, and the constituent particles comprising lithium titanium composite oxide.

[0137] For detailed data on the battery of the first comparative example, please refer to Table 1.

[0138]

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] <Comparative Example 2>

[0142] Please see Figure 2 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the second comparative example being discharged at a 1C current. The second comparative example is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, said negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition comprising only dispersed particles, wherein the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide, and the structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium and germanium.

[0143] For detailed data on the battery of the second comparative example, please refer to Table 2.

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] <First Embodiment>

[0147] Please see Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 3C , Figure 3D , Figure 3E as well as Figure 3F ,in Figure 3A This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the constituent particles in the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 3B This is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of the dispersed particles in the battery of the first embodiment. Figure 3C This is a differential graph of the constant current charge / discharge voltage-capacity curve of the battery in the first embodiment. Figure 3D This is a cubic differential plot of the charging curve of the battery in the first embodiment. Figure 3E This is a cubic differential plot of the discharge curve of the battery in the first embodiment. Figure 3F This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the first embodiment being discharged at a 1C current.

[0148] The first embodiment is a battery, wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprises a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprises constituent particles and dispersed particles, and the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, while the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0149] Please refer to Table 3 for detailed data on the battery of the first embodiment.

[0150]

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] <Second Embodiment>

[0154] Please see Figure 4 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the second embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The second embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0155] Please refer to Table 4 for detailed data on the battery of the second embodiment.

[0156]

[0157]

[0158] <Third Embodiment>

[0159] Please see Figure 5 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the third embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The third embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0160] Please refer to Table 5 for detailed data on the battery of the third embodiment.

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] <Example 4>

[0164] Please see Figure 6 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the fourth embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The fourth embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0165] For detailed data on the battery of the fourth embodiment, please refer to Table 6.

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] <Version 5>

[0169] Please see Figure 7 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the fifth embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The fifth embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium. For detailed data on the battery of the fifth embodiment, please refer to Table 7.

[0170]

[0171]

[0172] <Sixth Embodiment>

[0173] Please see Figure 8 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the sixth embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The sixth embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0174] For detailed data on the battery of the sixth embodiment, please refer to Table 8.

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] <Seventh Embodiment>

[0178] Please see Figure 9 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the 7th embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The 7th embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0179] For detailed data on the battery of Embodiment 7, please refer to Table 9.

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] <Embodiment 8>

[0183] Please see Figure 10 This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the eighth embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The eighth embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0184] For detailed data on the battery of Embodiment 8, please refer to Table 10.

[0185]

[0186]

[0187] <Version 9>

[0188] Please see Figure 11This is a cycle diagram of the battery of the 9th embodiment discharging at a 1C current. The 9th embodiment is a battery whose negative electrode comprises a negative electrode material, the negative electrode material comprising a negative electrode composition, the negative electrode composition comprising constituent particles and dispersed particles, wherein the constituent particles comprise a lithium titanium composite oxide, and the dispersed particles comprise a structural element composite oxide. The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium.

[0189] For detailed data on the battery of Embodiment 9, please refer to Table 11.

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] Although the present invention has been disclosed above by way of embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A negative electrode composition, characterized in that, Include: A constituent particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials; The constituent particles include a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which contains a lithium element and a titanium element. The dispersed particles contain a structural element composite oxide, which contains a structural element, the structural element comprising tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium and germanium. Wherein, the weight proportion of the constituent particles in the negative electrode composition is pWlt, and the weight proportion of the dispersed particles in the negative electrode composition is pWd, and they satisfy the following conditions: 0.10≤pWd / pWlt≤3.

00.

2. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the constituent particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.30≤pWd / pWlt≤1.

50.

3. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the constituent particles to the negative electrode composition is pWlt, and the weight ratio of the dispersed particles to the negative electrode composition is pWd, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.35≤pWd / pWlt≤0.

50.

4. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper.

5. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The structural elements include tin, iron, and at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and copper.

6. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The negative electrode composition has at least an oxide peak or at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.10V to 4.00V.

7. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The average observed particle size of the constituent particles is aSDlt, and the average observed particle size of the dispersed particles is aSDd, which satisfies the following condition: 0.10≤10×aSDd / aSDlt≤1.

50.

8. A negative electrode, characterized in that, Include: A negative electrode material comprising the negative electrode composition as described in claim 1 and a conductive agent.

9. The negative electrode as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The negative electrode composition accounts for pWo by weight of the negative electrode material, and the conductive agent accounts for pWc by weight of the negative electrode material, satisfying the following conditions: 2.80≤pWo / pWc≤3.

80.

10. The negative electrode as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The negative electrode material has at least an oxide peak or at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.20V to 2.50V.

11. The negative electrode as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The negative electrode material has at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.50V to 1.80V.

12. The negative electrode as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The at least one oxide peak in the negative electrode material includes a first oxide peak, the voltage of which is Vo1, and satisfies the following condition: 1.40V≤Vo1≤2.00V.

13. The negative electrode as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The negative electrode material contains a first oxidation peak and a first reduction peak within a voltage range of 0.20V to 2.50V. The voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1, and the voltage of the first reduction peak is Vr1. It satisfies the following conditions: 0.05V≤|Vo1-Vr1|≤1.50V.

14. The negative electrode as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The at least one oxidation peak in the negative electrode material includes a first oxidation peak and a second oxidation peak. The voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1, and the voltage of the second oxidation peak is Vo2, which satisfies the following condition: 0.05V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.60V.

15. The negative electrode as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The density of the negative electrode material is DSa, which satisfies the following condition: 0.50g / cm 3 ≤DSan≤1.80g / cm 3 。 16. The negative electrode as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The thickness of the negative electrode material is THan, and the resistance of the negative electrode material is Ran, which satisfies the following conditions: 1.0μm≤THan≤70.0μm; and 0.30mΩ≤Ran≤10.00mΩ.

17. A battery, characterized in that, Include: The negative electrode as described in claim 8.

18. The battery as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The battery's discharge volumetric capacity after ten cycles of charging and discharging at 1C is C1V10, and its discharge volumetric capacity after one hundred cycles of charging and discharging at 1C is C1V100. It satisfies the following conditions: 0.50≤C1V100 / C1V10≤1.

80.

19. The battery as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The battery's discharge volumetric capacity after ten cycles of charging and discharging at 1C is C1V10, and its discharge volumetric capacity after four hundred cycles of charging and discharging at 1C is C1V400. It satisfies the following conditions: 0.85≤C1V400 / C1V10≤2.

00.

20. The battery as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The battery's discharge volumetric capacity after ten cycles of charging and discharging at 1C is C1V10, and its discharge volumetric capacity after eight hundred cycles of charging and discharging at 1C is C1V800. It satisfies the following conditions: 0.70≤C1V800 / C1V10≤2.

50.

21. A negative electrode composition, characterized in that, Include: A constituent particle and a dispersed particle, both of which are active materials; The constituent particles include a lithium-titanium composite oxide, which contains a lithium element and a titanium element. The dispersed particles contain a structural element composite oxide, which contains a structural element, the structural element comprising tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium and germanium. The observed particle size of this component is SDlt, which satisfies the following conditions: 0.50μm≤SDlt≤50.00μm.

22. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The structural element comprises tin and at least two selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper.

23. The negative electrode composition as described in claim 21, characterized in that, The observed particle size of the constituent particles is SDlt, and the observed particle size of the dispersed particles is SDd, which satisfy the following conditions: 1.00μm≤SDlt≤30.00μm; and 0.01μm≤SDd≤5.00μm.

24. The negative electrode composition as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that, The average observed particle size of the constituent particles is aSDlt, and the average observed particle size of the dispersed particles is aSDd, which satisfies the following condition: 0.30≤10×aSDd / aSDlt≤1.

20.

25. A negative electrode, characterized in that, Include: A negative electrode material comprising the negative electrode composition as described in claim 21.

26. The negative electrode as described in claim 25, characterized in that, The negative electrode material has at least an oxide peak in the voltage range of 1.30V to 2.50V and at least two reduction peaks in the voltage range of 0.50V to 1.80V.

27. The negative electrode as described in claim 26, characterized in that, The at least one oxidation peak in the negative electrode material includes a first oxidation peak and a second oxidation peak. The voltage of the first oxidation peak is Vo1, and the voltage of the second oxidation peak is Vo2, which satisfies the following condition: 0.05V≤|Vo1-Vo2|≤0.60V.

28. The negative electrode as described in claim 26, characterized in that, The at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a first reduction peak and a second reduction peak. The voltage of the first reduction peak is Vr1, and the voltage of the second reduction peak is Vr2. They satisfy the following conditions: 0.20V≤|Vr1-Vr2|≤1.00V.

29. The negative electrode as described in claim 26, characterized in that, The at least two reduction peaks in the negative electrode material include a first reduction peak and a second reduction peak, the peak value of the first reduction peak is Ir1, and the peak value of the second reduction peak is Ir2, which satisfy the following conditions: -1.50≤(Ir1-Ir2) / (Ir1+Ir2)≤1.

50.

30. A battery, characterized in that, Include: The negative electrode as described in claim 25.

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