Electric pile simulation device and performance test system for high-temperature solid oxide system
By designing a fuel cell stack simulation device to simulate the gas flow characteristics and piezoresistive properties of a high-temperature solid oxide system, the problems of fuel cell stack damage and safety hazards during testing were solved, enabling safer and more accurate performance testing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411156744.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies can easily cause permanent damage and safety hazards to fuel cells when testing high-temperature solid oxide systems, especially when tested in high-temperature, high-pressure, and hydrogen-related environments.
A fuel cell stack simulation device was designed, including an air layer cavity and a gas layer cavity inside the casing, equipped with a flow guide array and a pressure acquisition pipeline, to simulate the gas flow characteristics and piezoresistive properties of a real fuel cell stack, thus avoiding the need to use a real fuel cell stack for testing.
It effectively avoids permanent damage to the fuel cell stack and safety hazards, improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of testing, and enables multiple tests to be performed within a wider threshold range.
Smart Images
Figure CN121601709A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell stacks, and particularly to a fuel cell stack simulation device and performance testing system for high-temperature solid oxide systems. Background Technology
[0002] High-temperature solid oxide systems, namely high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers (SOFC / SOEC, or SOC) systems, are attracting widespread attention due to their advantages such as high electrical conversion efficiency, long lifespan, wide adaptability of raw materials, and environmental friendliness. They are becoming an important component in building a multi-energy coupled new energy system.
[0003] High-temperature solid oxide systems include the core component fuel cell stack and the auxiliary systems that are associated with the fuel cell stack. The factors affecting the overall performance of high-temperature solid oxide systems not only depend on the performance of the fuel cell stack, but are also affected by the performance of the auxiliary systems. That is, the auxiliary systems can also seriously affect the performance of high-temperature solid oxide systems and the overall energy conversion efficiency, and may even cause permanent damage to the fuel cell stack.
[0004] In the existing technology, in order to comprehensively test the performance of high-temperature solid oxide systems, different operating conditions are generally set to test the actual high-temperature solid oxide systems.
[0005] The inventors discovered through research that existing methods for testing high-temperature solid oxide systems have at least the following drawbacks:
[0006] The testing conditions are often high temperature, high pressure, and hydrogen-containing environments, which can easily cause permanent damage to the fuel cell stack or pose safety hazards.
[0007] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to avoid damage to the fuel cell stack and safety hazards caused by performance testing.
[0009] This invention provides a fuel cell stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems, comprising: a housing and a pressure acquisition pipeline assembly;
[0010] The housing comprises two mutually isolated cavities, namely an air layer cavity and a fuel gas layer cavity. The housing is equipped with interfaces including an air inlet, an air outlet, a fuel gas inlet, and a fuel gas outlet. The air inlet and air outlet are connected to the air layer cavity; the fuel gas inlet and fuel gas outlet are connected to the fuel gas layer cavity. Each interface of the housing corresponds one-to-one with the simulated high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell stack's air inlet, air outlet, fuel gas inlet, and fuel gas outlet interfaces, and they are identical in location and specifications.
[0011] Both the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity are provided with gas flow channels composed of multiple guide vanes, which are used to generate pressure resistance in the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity.
[0012] The pressure acquisition pipeline group includes multiple pressure acquisition pipelines, each including a gas conduit and a pressure sensor; the multiple pressure acquisition pipelines are connected to the cavity and are used to acquire gas pressure data of the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity.
[0013] Preferably, in this invention, the structure of the guide vane is V-shaped;
[0014] Both the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity include a guide vane array consisting of multiple rows of guide vanes; each row includes multiple guide vanes, and a preset interval is maintained between each guide vane in a row; the gas flow channel formed between two adjacent rows of guide vanes is serrated.
[0015] Preferably, in this invention, it further includes:
[0016] One or more of the air intake port, the air outlet port, the gas intake port, and the gas outlet port are equipped with thermocouples for temperature detection.
[0017] Preferably, in this invention, it further includes:
[0018] Outside the guide vane array, adjacent to the first and last rows of guide vanes, a row of flow dividers is provided respectively;
[0019] The multiple flow dividers in a row are spaced apart to ensure uniform gas distribution in and out of the flow guide array.
[0020] Preferably, in this invention, the air inlet, the air outlet, the gas inlet, and the gas outlet are all provided with flanges for connection to the high-temperature solid oxide system.
[0021] Preferably, in this invention, the guide vane and / or the diverter plate are made of high-temperature resistant metal.
[0022] Preferably, in this invention, the air layer cavity is located in the upper layer, and the gas layer cavity is located in the lower layer.
[0023] Preferably, in this invention, the air inlet and the air outlet are connected to the air layer cavity from the bottom of the housing through the gas layer cavity.
[0024] Preferably, in this invention, the air layer cavity is located in the lower layer, and the gas layer cavity is located in the upper layer.
[0025] Preferably, in this invention, the gas inlet port and the gas outlet port pass through the air layer cavity from the bottom of the housing and connect to the gas layer cavity.
[0026] Preferably, in this invention, the flow divider has a preset thickness; the gas passages formed by the spacing between the flow dividers are oriented in a fan-shaped pattern.
[0027] In another aspect of the present invention, a performance testing system for a high-temperature solid oxide system is also provided, including the fuel cell stack simulation device, fuel cell stack support platform and electric heating box as described above.
[0028] The fuel cell support platform includes multiple ceramic pillars for supporting the fuel cell simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems;
[0029] The electric heating box is installed outside the electric stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems, and is used to control the electric stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems to a preset temperature.
[0030] Preferably, in this invention, the flatness of the fuel cell stack support platform is <0.1 micrometers.
[0031] Preferably, in this invention, the electric heating box includes multiple heating wires with independently controllable power.
[0032] Preferably, the present invention further includes a thermocouple and a temperature control unit;
[0033] The temperature control unit is used to control the power of the heating wire based on the temperature data collected by the thermocouple.
[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0035] To avoid permanent damage to the fuel cell stack or safety hazards during performance testing of the high-temperature solid oxide system, this invention includes a fuel cell stack simulation device to simulate the gas flow characteristics and pressure resistance of air and mixed gas (a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor) entering a real fuel cell stack. In this way, more comprehensive and safer performance testing of the auxiliary system of the high-temperature solid oxide system can be performed without using a real fuel cell stack.
[0036] Inside the housing of the fuel cell stack simulation device of the present invention, there is a guide vane array composed of multiple rows of guide vanes. The flow of gas in the air layer cavity and the fuel gas layer cavity will be resisted by each guide vane, and specific gas flow characteristics will be formed with the interval between the guide vanes. In this way, by adjusting the interval of the guide vanes in the guide vane array according to the piezoresistive resistance and internal gas flow characteristics of the real fuel cell stack, the gas flow characteristics in the air layer cavity and the fuel gas layer cavity can be made consistent with the gas flow characteristics and piezoresistive resistance of the real fuel cell stack.
[0037] Since the present invention does not use a real fuel cell stack, there is no need to worry about causing irreversible damage to the fuel cell stack, or the safety hazards caused by the damage to the fuel cell stack.
[0038] On the other hand, since the present invention does not use a real fuel cell stack, more pressure sensors and temperature sensors can be conveniently set according to testing needs, and the number of tests can be increased as needed, and the threshold range of the test conditions can be expanded; thereby, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the high-temperature solid oxide system test can be effectively improved.
[0039] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the electric stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems described in this invention;
[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas layer cavity described in this invention;
[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air layer cavity described in this invention;
[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide array described in this invention;
[0044] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the performance testing system for high-temperature solid oxide systems described in this invention;
[0045] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the performance testing system for high-temperature solid oxide systems described in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
[0047] Unless otherwise expressly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "comprises" shall be understood to include the stated elements or components without excluding other elements or other components.
[0048] In this document, for ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “above,” “above,” “upper,” etc., are used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an object in use or operation, in addition to those depicted in the figures. For example, if an object in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” another element or feature would be oriented “above” that element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both the downward and upward orientations. An object may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.
[0049] In this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to define specific positions or relative relationships. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first," "second," etc., can also be used interchangeably.
[0050] Example 1
[0051] To avoid damage to the fuel cell stack and safety hazards caused by performance testing, please refer to... Figures 1 to 3 In this embodiment of the invention, a fuel cell stack simulation device for a high-temperature solid oxide system is provided, characterized in that it includes: a housing 01 and a pressure acquisition pipeline group including a plurality of pressure acquisition pipelines 02;
[0052] The housing 01 includes two mutually isolated cavities, namely an air layer cavity and a gas layer cavity. The housing 01 is provided with interfaces including an air inlet interface, an air outlet interface, a gas inlet interface, and a gas outlet interface. The air inlet interface and the air outlet interface are connected to the air layer cavity; the gas inlet interface and the gas outlet interface are connected to the gas layer cavity. Each interface of the housing corresponds one-to-one with the simulated high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell stack's air inlet interface, air outlet interface, gas inlet interface, and gas outlet interface, and they are identical in position and specifications.
[0053] Both the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity are provided with gas flow channels composed of multiple guide vanes, which are used to generate pressure resistance in the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity.
[0054] The pressure acquisition pipeline group includes multiple pressure acquisition pipelines, each including a gas conduit and a pressure sensor; the multiple pressure acquisition pipelines are connected to the cavity and are used to acquire gas pressure data of the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity.
[0055] In existing technologies, the method of directly testing high-temperature solid oxide systems carries the risk of permanent damage to the fuel cell stack due to its fragile internal structure when tested under different operating conditions. This not only results in cost losses due to the damage to the expensive fuel cell stack, but also poses safety hazards because the test conditions are often high-temperature, high-pressure, and hydrogen-related environments, which can further compromise the system's airtightness.
[0056] The inventive concept of this invention includes constructing a fuel cell stack simulation device capable of simulating the gas flow characteristics and piezoresistive properties within a real fuel cell stack. Because this fuel cell stack simulation device has a robust structure, better sealing, allows for more locations to install temperature and pressure sensors, enables the testing of a wider variety of operating conditions, and can withstand more tests, with a wider threshold range for the operating conditions it can handle (such as temperature and pressure), it can effectively prevent permanent damage to the fuel cell stack during performance testing of high-temperature solid oxide systems and reduce safety hazards caused by stack damage. Furthermore, because the monitoring data obtained during testing is richer and the number of tests can be increased, this invention also effectively improves the accuracy and effectiveness of performance testing.
[0057] Based on the above inventive concept, in the embodiments of the present invention, the casing of the stack simulation device includes two cavities. Specifically, the two cavities in the casing sealed from the outside are only connected to the auxiliary system supporting the stack through the air inlet interface, air outlet interface, fuel gas inlet interface, fuel gas outlet interface.
[0058] In practical applications, the two cavities in the casing are respectively an air layer cavity and a fuel gas layer cavity, which are used to correspond to the two cavities in a real stack; the air layer cavity and the fuel gas layer cavity are arranged in the upper and lower layers in the casing; according to needs, either the air layer cavity can be set as the upper layer, or the fuel gas layer cavity can be set as the upper layer.
[0059] Inside the casing 01 in the embodiments of the present invention, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , taking the fuel gas layer cavity 11 as the lower layer and the air layer cavity 12 as the upper layer as an example, the air inlet interface 101 and the air outlet interface 102 pass through the fuel gas layer cavity 11 from the bottom of the casing 01 and access the air layer cavity 12; the fuel gas inlet interface 201 and the fuel gas outlet interface 202 directly enter the fuel gas layer cavity 11 from the bottom of the casing 01.
[0060] It should be noted that when the fuel gas layer cavity is set as the upper layer, the fuel gas inlet interface and the fuel gas outlet interface pass through the air layer cavity from the bottom of the casing and access the fuel gas layer cavity. The air inlet interface and the air outlet interface directly enter the air layer cavity from the bottom of the casing.
[0061] In practical applications, the air inlet interface, air outlet interface, fuel gas inlet interface, and fuel gas outlet interface in the embodiments of the present invention are all provided with flanges for connecting to the high-temperature solid oxide system.
[0062] In the air layer cavity and the fuel gas layer cavity, a deflector array 03 composed of multiple rows of deflectors is provided. On the one hand, the deflector array 03 can form a pressure resistance when air or fuel gas (mixed gas) flows through, and on the other hand, it can also make the air or fuel gas evenly distributed in the air layer cavity or the fuel gas layer cavity through deflection, so as to simulate the gas flow characteristics in a real stack.
[0063] Referring to Figure 4 , the preferred setting method of the deflector array 03 in the embodiments of the present invention is: in the deflector array composed of multiple rows of deflectors, each row includes multiple deflectors 31, and a preset interval is reserved between the deflectors 31 in one row; the gas flow channels formed between adjacent two rows of deflectors are zigzag.
[0064] In a row of guide vanes, a preset interval is maintained between adjacent guide vanes 31 to allow gas to pass through under certain resistance; the size of the preset interval can determine the size of the pressure resistance in the cavity, that is, the larger the preset interval, the smaller the pressure resistance in the cavity; the smaller the preset interval, the larger the pressure resistance in the cavity.
[0065] In practical applications, each guide vane 31 can be set to a V-shape, so that a serrated gas flow channel can be formed between two adjacent rows of guide vanes, thereby making the gas distribution in the cavity more uniform.
[0066] Preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, a row of flow dividers 04 can be provided outside the flow guide array 03, near the first and last rows of flow guides, to further mix and guide the gas passing through the cavity more evenly. Specifically, there are gaps between the multiple flow dividers 04 in the row of flow dividers 04 to ensure that the gas flowing into and out of the flow guide array 03 is evenly distributed. In practical applications, the flow dividers 04 can have a preset thickness. In this way, the gap between two flow dividers 04 will form a gas channel. Furthermore, by setting the distribution of the gas channel to be fan-shaped, the gas can be evenly distributed to each part of the row of flow guides 04 before entering the flow guide array 03.
[0067] It should be noted that the guide plate 31 and the diverter plate 04 in the embodiments of the present invention can be made of metals with excellent high temperature resistance.
[0068] The pressure acquisition pipeline group in this embodiment of the invention includes multiple pressure acquisition pipelines 02; both the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity are provided with multiple pressure acquisition pipelines 02 to collect the gas pressure data of the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity respectively; the pressure acquisition pipeline 02 includes a gas conduit and a pressure sensor, the gas conduit is connected to a cavity and can transmit the pressure in the cavity to the pressure sensor to collect the gas pressure data of the air layer cavity or the gas layer cavity.
[0069] Preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, the air intake port, air outlet port, gas intake port, and gas outlet port may each be provided with a thermocouple (not shown in the figure) for detecting temperature.
[0070] In summary, in order to avoid permanent damage to the fuel cell stack or safety hazards during performance testing of the high-temperature solid oxide system, a fuel cell stack simulation device is provided in this embodiment of the invention to simulate the gas flow characteristics and pressure resistance of air and mixed gas (a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor) entering a real fuel cell stack. In this way, more comprehensive and safer performance testing of the auxiliary system of the high-temperature solid oxide system can be carried out without using a real fuel cell stack.
[0071] Inside the housing of the fuel cell stack simulation device of this invention, there is a guide vane array composed of multiple rows of guide vanes. The flow of gas in the air layer cavity and the fuel gas layer cavity will be resisted by each guide vane, and specific gas flow characteristics will be formed with the interval between the guide vanes. In this way, by adjusting the interval of the guide vanes in the guide vane array according to the piezoresistive resistance and internal gas flow characteristics of the real fuel cell stack, the gas flow characteristics in the air layer cavity and the fuel gas layer cavity can be made consistent with the gas flow characteristics and piezoresistive resistance of the real fuel cell stack.
[0072] Since the embodiments of the present invention do not use a real fuel cell stack, there is no need to worry about causing irreversible damage to the fuel cell stack, or the safety hazards caused by the damage to the fuel cell stack.
[0073] On the other hand, since the embodiments of the present invention do not use a real fuel cell stack, more pressure sensors and temperature sensors can be conveniently set according to the testing needs, and the number of tests can be increased as needed, and the threshold range of the operating conditions during the test can be expanded; thereby, the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the high-temperature solid oxide system test can be effectively improved.
[0074] Example 2
[0075] Furthermore, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment of the invention also provides a performance testing system for high-temperature solid oxide systems, referencing... Figure 5 and Figure 6 This includes, as in Example 1, a fuel cell stack simulation device for a high-temperature solid oxide system, a fuel cell stack support platform 05, and an electric heating box 06;
[0076] The fuel cell stack support platform 05 includes multiple ceramic platform supports 51 for supporting the fuel cell stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems; the electric heating box 06 is installed outside the fuel cell stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems for controlling the fuel cell stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems to a preset temperature (by heating or heat preservation).
[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the fuel cell stack support platform 05 is provided with a plurality of platform supports 51 for support. The number of platform supports 51 shall be at least three, and preferably four.
[0078] In addition, preferably, the design requirements for the fuel cell support platform 05 and the platform support column 51 in the embodiments of the present invention include that the flatness of the fuel cell support platform is <0.1 micrometers.
[0079] In practical applications, the power of each heating wire can be flexibly controlled based on the temperature data collected by the thermocouples to ensure that the air and gas mixture entering the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell can reach the set temperature (e.g., 600 degrees Celsius) or higher.
[0080] Since the working principle and beneficial effects of the performance testing system for high-temperature solid oxide systems in the embodiments of the present invention have already been demonstrated, Figure 1 The corresponding electric stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems is also described and explained, so they can be referenced together, and will not be repeated here.
[0081] The above-described product can execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the methods. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the methods provided in other embodiments of the present invention.
[0082] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A fuel cell stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems, characterized in that, Includes: housing and pressure acquisition piping assembly; The housing comprises two mutually isolated cavities, namely an air layer cavity and a fuel gas layer cavity. The housing is equipped with interfaces including an air inlet, an air outlet, a fuel gas inlet, and a fuel gas outlet. The air inlet and air outlet are connected to the air layer cavity; the fuel gas inlet and fuel gas outlet are connected to the fuel gas layer cavity. Each interface of the housing corresponds one-to-one with the simulated high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell stack's air inlet, air outlet, fuel gas inlet, and fuel gas outlet interfaces, and their positions and specifications are identical. Both the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity are provided with gas flow channels composed of multiple guide vanes, which are used to generate pressure resistance in the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity. The pressure acquisition pipeline group includes multiple pressure acquisition pipelines, each including a gas conduit and a pressure sensor; the multiple pressure acquisition pipelines are connected to the cavity and are used to acquire gas pressure data of the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity.
2. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guide vane has a V-shaped structure; Both the air layer cavity and the gas layer cavity include a guide vane array consisting of multiple rows of guide vanes; each row includes multiple guide vanes, and a preset interval is maintained between each guide vane in a row; the gas flow channel formed between two adjacent rows of guide vanes is serrated.
3. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: One or more of the air intake port, the air outlet port, the gas intake port, and the gas outlet port are equipped with thermocouples for temperature detection.
4. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Outside the guide vane array, adjacent to the first and last rows of guide vanes, a row of flow dividers is provided respectively; The multiple flow dividers in a row are spaced apart to ensure uniform gas distribution in and out of the flow guide array.
5. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air inlet, air outlet, gas inlet, and gas outlet are all equipped with flanges for connection to the high-temperature solid oxide system.
6. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide vane and / or the diverter plate are made of high-temperature resistant metal.
7. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air layer cavity is located in the upper layer, and the gas layer cavity is located in the lower layer.
8. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air intake port and the air outlet port pass through the gas layer cavity from the bottom of the housing and connect to the air layer cavity.
9. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air layer cavity is located in the lower layer, and the gas layer cavity is located in the upper layer.
10. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The gas inlet and the gas outlet are connected to the gas layer cavity from the bottom of the housing through the air layer cavity.
11. The fuel cell stack simulation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flow divider has a preset thickness; the gas passages formed by the gaps between the flow dividers are oriented in a fan-shaped pattern.
12. A performance testing system for high-temperature solid oxide systems, characterized in that, Includes a fuel cell stack simulation device, a fuel cell stack support platform, and an electric heating box for high-temperature solid oxide systems as described in any of claims 1 to 11; The fuel cell support platform includes multiple ceramic pillars for supporting the fuel cell simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems; The electric heating box is installed outside the electric stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems, and is used to control the electric stack simulation device for high-temperature solid oxide systems to a preset temperature.
13. The performance testing system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The flatness of the fuel cell stack support platform is <0.1 micrometers.
14. The performance testing system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The electric heating box includes multiple heating wires with independently controllable power.
15. The performance testing system according to claim 14, characterized in that, It also includes thermocouples and temperature control units; The temperature control unit is used to control the power of the heating wire based on the temperature data collected by the thermocouple.