Rust battery stack and rust battery

Abstract

The rust battery stack comprises a first end plate, a second end plate and a stack body clamped between the first end plate and the second end plate, the stack body comprises a first gas-liquid function plate, a second gas-liquid function plate and a plurality of repetitive units clamped between the first gas-liquid function plate and the second gas-liquid function plate, the first gas-liquid function plate is provided with a liquid inlet port and a gas-liquid outlet port, and the second gas-liquid function plate is provided with a liquid outlet port. The second gas-liquid function plate is provided with a liquid outlet port and a gas-liquid injection port, the multiple repeating units are sequentially stacked in the direction from the first end plate to the second end plate, and a liquid inlet flow channel, a liquid outlet flow channel, a gas-liquid injection flow channel and a gas-liquid discharge flow channel are formed in each repeating unit. A plurality of repeated units are stacked and integrated into the integrated galvanic pile, so that the proportion of'inactive 'parts is reduced, a large number of external contacts and connecting pieces are eliminated, and the galvanic pile is more compact in overall structure and more stable in operation; meanwhile, hydrogen generated at the negative electrode and oxygen separated out from the positive electrode in the charging process are discharged in an isolated and separated mode, and the safety risk caused by the fact that hydrogen and oxygen are mixed and accumulated in the cavity is completely eradicated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, specifically relating to a rust battery stack and a rust battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, safe, and low-cost energy storage technologies. Rust batteries utilize the reversible redox reaction between rust (Fe2O3) and metallic iron (Fe) to store and release energy. The principle is as follows (taking the charging process as an example; the discharging process is the reverse of the charging process): Negative electrode reaction: Fe2O3 + 3H2O + 2e - →2Fe(OH)2+2OH - (1); Fe(OH)2+2e - →Fe+2OH - (2); Positive electrode reaction: 4OH - →O2 + 2H2O + 4e - (3).

[0003] This battery can directly initiate the charging process from an uncharged state without pre-activation or initial discharge, meeting the "charge as needed, rapid response" requirements of wind and solar energy storage systems and exhibiting good system coupling. Furthermore, the inherent low cost of rust-resistant batteries makes them a strong competitor to next-generation large-scale energy storage systems. Therefore, rust-resistant batteries are expected to become one of the core technologies for future low-cost, long-life, safe, and controllable long-duration energy storage systems.

[0004] Currently, the mainstream method for manufacturing rust-resistant battery energy storage systems in the industry is to adopt a modular external series structure. Specifically, this involves first constructing independent single cells containing a metal negative electrode, an electrolyte, and an air positive electrode. Each single cell is equipped with an independent casing, gas path, and electrolyte inlet and outlet. Then, multiple such independent cells are connected in series externally using conductors such as wires, copper busbars, or busbars to form a module with higher voltage and capacity. Finally, multiple modules are integrated into a complete energy storage system.

[0005] While this traditional external series structure offers some flexibility in module design and maintainability by facilitating replacement of faulty modules, it has revealed the following serious drawbacks in large-scale engineering applications: (1) Low system energy density: Each single cell must have its own set of "inactive" components (such as independent shell, gas path, liquid path interface). These components do not directly participate in electrochemical reactions, but occupy a large amount of system volume and weight, which significantly reduces the volumetric energy density and mass energy density of the entire energy storage system, resulting in a waste of space and materials.

[0006] (2) Complex structure, high cost and poor reliability: The number of cells in the system is huge, and the number of external series contacts (such as bolts and welding points) required increases exponentially, resulting in complex assembly process and high production cost. At the same time, the large number of contacts introduces higher contact resistance, causing energy loss and increasing the risk of failure due to loose joints and corrosion, as well as the risk of electrolyte leakage. The long-term reliability and stability of the system are challenged.

[0007] (3) Electrochemical consistency is difficult to guarantee: Since each cell is in a physically isolated and independent chemical environment, it is difficult to maintain uniformity in electrolyte concentration, temperature, oxygen supply and distribution. This environmental difference will lead to significant differences in the working voltage, polarization degree and reaction rate of each cell, requiring additional system control and reducing system stability.

[0008] Furthermore, during the charging process of rust-resistant batteries, oxygen (O2) is released at the positive electrode, while a hydrogen evolution competition reaction occurs at the negative electrode, producing hydrogen (H2). In the mainstream modular structures of current technologies, these gases coexist in the shared space or common gas path of the battery cell. Existing designs fail to effectively and physically separate and manage the oxygen released from the positive electrode and the hydrogen produced at the negative electrode. The accumulation of this gas mixture in a confined space may not only affect the efficiency of the electrode reaction but also pose a serious safety hazard, with the potential risk of combustion or even explosion.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new rust battery to solve the problems of low energy density, poor structural reliability, poor electrochemical consistency, and safety hazards of gas evolution during charging caused by the traditional external series connection method.

[0010] The above background information is provided only to aid in understanding the concept and technical solution of this application. It does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this application, nor does it necessarily provide technical guidance. In the absence of clear evidence that the above information was disclosed before the filing date of this application, the above background information should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel rust-resistant battery stack and rust-resistant battery.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a rust-resistant battery stack, which includes a first end plate, a second end plate and a stack body sandwiched between the two. The stack body includes a first gas-liquid functional plate, a second gas-liquid functional plate and a plurality of repeating units sandwiched between the two. The first gas-liquid functional board is provided with a liquid inlet port and a gas-liquid outlet port. The liquid inlet port is used to introduce electrolyte, and the gas-liquid outlet port is configured to discharge a gas-liquid mixture during discharge or charging. The second gas-liquid functional plate is provided with a liquid outlet port and a gas-liquid injection port. The liquid outlet port is used to discharge electrolyte, and the gas-liquid injection port is configured to introduce a gas-liquid mixture (usually a mixture of electrolyte and oxygen) during discharge and to introduce electrolyte during charging. The plurality of repeating units are stacked sequentially along the direction from the first end plate to the second end plate, and each repeating unit has an inlet liquid channel, an outlet liquid channel, a gas-liquid injection channel and a gas-liquid discharge channel formed inside; The liquid inlet channels of the multiple repeating units are connected in series to jointly define the total liquid inlet path. The inlet end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the liquid inlet port of the first gas-liquid functional plate, and its outlet end is closed. The liquid outlet channels of the multiple repeating units are connected in series to jointly define the total liquid outlet path. The inlet end of the total liquid outlet path is closed, and its outlet end is connected to the liquid outlet port of the second gas-liquid functional plate. The gas-liquid injection channels of the multiple repeating units are connected in series to jointly define the total gas-liquid injection path. The inlet end of the total gas-liquid injection path is connected to the gas-liquid injection port of the second gas-liquid functional plate, and its outlet end is closed. The gas-liquid discharge channels of the multiple repeating units are connected in series to jointly define the total gas-liquid discharge path. The inlet end of the total gas-liquid discharge path is closed, and its outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid discharge outlet of the first gas-liquid functional plate.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inlet channel of the repeating unit is configured to receive electrolyte from upstream and split the electrolyte into a first electrolyte branch and a second electrolyte branch; wherein the first electrolyte branch is guided to the outlet channel of the repeating unit, and the second electrolyte branch is guided to the inlet channel of the downstream repeating unit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid injection channel of the repeating unit is configured to receive electrolyte or gas-liquid mixture from upstream and split the electrolyte or gas-liquid mixture into a first gas-liquid branch and a second gas-liquid branch; wherein the first gas-liquid branch is guided to the gas-liquid discharge channel of the repeating unit, and the second gas-liquid branch is guided to the gas-liquid injection channel of the downstream repeating unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the repeating unit includes two conductive plates and a negative electrode, an electrolyte frame, an ion exchange membrane, a positive electrode, a carbon felt frame, and a gas-liquid frame stacked sequentially between the two conductive plates along the direction from the first end plate to the second end plate. Carbon felt is disposed inside the carbon felt frame and the gas-liquid frame. The total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path are formed by aligning the corner through holes of the corresponding components in each repeating unit after stacking.

[0016] In some specific embodiments, in the repeating units located at both ends of the rust-resistant battery stack, two conductive plates adjacent to the first end plate and the second end plate participate in forming the total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path through through holes at their two corners; the other components of the rust-resistant battery stack, excluding the carbon felt, participate in forming the total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path through through holes at their four corners. Furthermore, the outlet end of the total liquid inlet flow path is closed by the solid portion of a conductive plate located at the end of the rust-resistant battery stack and adjacent to the second end plate; the inlet end of the total liquid outlet flow path is closed by the solid portion of a conductive plate located at the end of the rust-resistant battery stack and adjacent to the first end plate; the outlet end of the total gas-liquid injection flow path is closed by the solid portion of a conductive plate located at the end of the rust-resistant battery stack and adjacent to the first end plate; and the inlet end of the total gas-liquid discharge flow path is closed by the solid portion of a conductive plate located at the end of the rust-resistant battery stack and adjacent to the second end plate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the electrolyte frame is provided with a liquid guiding channel on the side facing the negative electrode, and the two ends of the liquid guiding channel are respectively connected to the liquid inlet channel and the liquid outlet channel in the corresponding repeating unit.

[0018] In some embodiments, the gas-liquid frame is provided with a gas-liquid channel on the side facing the carbon felt frame, and the two ends of the gas-liquid channel are respectively connected to the gas-liquid injection channel and the gas-liquid discharge channel in the corresponding repeating unit.

[0019] In some specific embodiments, the liquid guiding channel and the gas-liquid channel are configured to be approximately Z-shaped.

[0020] In some implementations, two adjacent repeating units share a single conductive plate, and a carbon plate is provided between the shared conductive plate and its adjacent negative electrode.

[0021] In some embodiments, the thickness of the carbon felt is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the carbon felt frame and the gas-liquid frame.

[0022] In some embodiments, the first end plate is provided with a liquid inlet port and a gas-liquid outlet port, and the liquid inlet port and gas-liquid outlet port of the first end plate are respectively connected to the liquid inlet port and gas-liquid outlet port on the first gas-liquid functional board.

[0023] In some embodiments, the second end plate is provided with a liquid outlet port and a gas-liquid injection port, and the liquid outlet port and the gas-liquid injection port of the second end plate are respectively connected to the liquid outlet port and the gas-liquid injection port on the second gas-liquid functional board.

[0024] The present invention also provides a rust battery, which includes the rust battery stack described above.

[0025] Due to the application of the above-described technical solution, the present invention has at least the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention achieves a fundamental innovation in the structure of rust-resistant battery stacks by integrating multiple repeating units into a single integrated stack and constructing internal liquid inlet channels, liquid outlet channels, gas-liquid injection channels, and gas-liquid discharge channels. Specifically, this integrated design eliminates the need for separate casings and external series components for each individual cell in traditional modules, significantly reducing the proportion of "inactive" components, thereby shrinking the overall stack volume and increasing its mass energy density. Simultaneously, this structure fundamentally eliminates a large number of external contacts and connectors, simplifying the assembly process, reducing manufacturing costs, and effectively avoiding reliability issues caused by contact resistance, loose joints, or electrolyte leakage, resulting in a more compact overall stack structure and more stable operation.

[0026] Crucially, this invention achieves the physical separation and separate emission of hydrogen generated at the negative electrode and oxygen evolved at the positive electrode during charging. This proactive gas zoning management mechanism eliminates the risk of combustion or explosion caused by the mixing and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen gases within the cavity, significantly enhancing the intrinsic safety of the system. Furthermore, the integrated flow channel design ensures uniform distribution of electrolyte and reactant gases across all units, optimizing the consistency of the electrochemical environment and further enhancing the overall output performance and cycle life of the stack, making it more competitive in large-scale energy storage applications. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rust-resistant battery stack in Example 1; Figure 2This is an exploded view of the structure of the rust-resistant battery stack in Example 1; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the rust-resistant battery stack of Example 1 from another angle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte frame in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid frame in Example 1; Wherein: 1. First end plate; 11. Liquid inlet port of end plate; 12. Gas-liquid outlet of end plate; 13. Positioning hole of end plate; 14. Locking hole of end plate; 2. Second end plate; 21. Liquid outlet port of end plate; 22. Gas-liquid injection port of end plate; 3. Main body of the fuel cell stack; 31. First gas-liquid functional plate; 32. Second gas-liquid functional plate; 33. Repeating unit; 331. Conductive plate; 332. Negative electrode; 333. Electrolyte frame; 3331. First liquid guiding channel; 3332. Hollow structure of the liquid frame; 3333. Second liquid guiding channel; 3334. Through hole of the liquid frame; 334. Ion membrane; 335. Positive electrode; 336. Carbon felt frame; 337. Gas-liquid frame; 3371. First gas-liquid channel; 3372. Hollow structure of the gas-liquid frame; 3373. Second gas-liquid channel; 3374. Through hole of the gas-liquid frame; 338. Carbon felt; 339. Carbon plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship as described above. Figure 2 The definitions provided are for ease of description and simplification of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] The following disclosure provides many different implementations or examples for carrying out different structures of the embodiments of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the embodiments of the present invention, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or reference letters may be repeated in different examples of the embodiments of the present invention; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various implementations and / or arrangements discussed.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Example 1: This example provides a rust-resistant battery stack, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes a first end plate 1, a second end plate 2, and a fuel cell stack body 3 sandwiched between the first end plate 1 and the second end plate 2. The fuel cell stack body 3 includes a first gas-liquid functional plate 31, a second gas-liquid functional plate 32, and a plurality of repeating units 33 sandwiched between the first gas-liquid functional plate 31 and the second gas-liquid functional plate 32.

[0036] The first gas-liquid functional plate 31 is provided with a liquid inlet port and a gas-liquid outlet port. The liquid inlet port of the first gas-liquid functional plate 31 is used to introduce electrolyte; the gas-liquid outlet port of the first gas-liquid functional plate 31 is configured to discharge a gas-liquid mixture during discharge or charging. The second gas-liquid functional plate 32 is provided with a liquid outlet port and a gas-liquid injection port. The liquid outlet port of the second gas-liquid functional plate 32 is used to discharge electrolyte; the gas-liquid injection port of the second gas-liquid functional plate 32 is configured to introduce a gas-liquid mixture during discharge and to introduce electrolyte during charging. Multiple repeating units 33 are stacked sequentially along the direction from the first end plate 1 to the second end plate 2. Each repeating unit 33 has a liquid inlet channel, a liquid outlet channel, a gas-liquid injection channel, and a gas-liquid discharge channel formed inside. The liquid inlet channels of the multiple repeating units 33 are connected in series to define a total liquid inlet path. The inlet end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the liquid inlet port of the first gas-liquid functional plate 31, and its outlet end is closed. The liquid outlet channels of multiple repeating units 33 are connected in series to define a total liquid outlet flow path. The inlet end of this total liquid outlet flow path is closed, and its outlet end is connected to the liquid outlet port of the second gas-liquid functional plate 32. The gas-liquid injection channels of multiple repeating units 33 are connected in series to define a total gas-liquid injection flow path. The inlet end of this total gas-liquid injection flow path is connected to the gas-liquid injection port of the second gas-liquid functional plate 32, and its outlet end is closed. The gas-liquid discharge channels of multiple repeating units 33 are connected in series to define a total gas-liquid discharge flow path. The inlet end of this total gas-liquid discharge flow path is closed, and its outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid discharge port of the first gas-liquid functional plate 31. It should be noted that, taking the total liquid outlet flow path as an example, the closure of its inlet end means that there is no external pipe connected to the beginning end of this flow path (i.e., the liquid outlet channel end of the first repeating unit). It is mechanically sealed by end plates or other components to ensure that the fluid does not leak from here, but is forced to flow along the designed path—that is, through the liquid outlet channels of all subsequent repeating units in sequence, and finally can only be discharged uniformly from the liquid outlet port provided on the second gas-liquid functional plate 32.

[0037] This invention achieves physical separation and separate emission of hydrogen generated at the negative electrode and oxygen released at the positive electrode during charging through a built-in flow channel system. This eliminates the risk of combustion or explosion caused by the mixing and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen gases in the cavity, greatly improving the intrinsic safety of the system.

[0038] Specifically, during the charging process of the rust battery: the negative electrode mainly undergoes the reduction of iron(III) oxide to metallic iron (corresponding to reaction formulas (1) and (2)), and the potential of reaction formula (1) is -0.88V (compared to the Hg / HgO electrode). At the same time, due to the hydrogen evolution reaction (2H2O + 2e-), - →H2+2OH -The potential for hydrogen evolution at the negative electrode 332 is -0.83V (compared to the Hg / HgO electrode), resulting in a hydrogen evolution competition reaction at the negative electrode 332, inevitably accompanied by the generation of hydrogen gas. This side reaction not only causes a loss of electron efficiency, but also causes some electrical energy to be consumed in the decomposition of water rather than the conversion of effective active substances, thereby reducing the overall energy conversion efficiency. At the positive electrode 335, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER, corresponding to reaction formula (3)) occurs, generating oxygen and water.

[0039] To address the safety risks posed by the simultaneous presence of hydrogen and oxygen within the battery, this invention designs an independent gas-liquid flow channel: On the negative electrode side, the electrolyte (such as a 6 M KOH solution) enters the main liquid inlet flow path through the liquid inlet port of the first gas-liquid functional plate 31 and is distributed to the reaction areas within each repeating unit 33. After the reaction, the hydrogen-containing liquid-gas mixture flows from the liquid outlet channels of each repeating unit 33 into the main liquid outlet flow path. Since the starting end of this flow path is closed, the fluid is guided to the liquid outlet port of the second gas-liquid functional plate 32 for centralized discharge, thereby achieving efficient hydrogen extraction.

[0040] On the positive electrode side, the electrolyte or a mixture of oxygen and electrolyte is introduced into the main gas-liquid injection path through the gas-liquid injection port of the second gas-liquid functional plate 32, and dispersed to the reaction zones of each repeating unit 33. While participating in the reaction, it acts as a carrier to carry the oxygen and water generated in the reaction into the gas-liquid discharge path, and then collects through the main gas-liquid discharge path. Because the starting end of this path is closed, all gases are guided to the gas-liquid discharge port of the first gas-liquid functional plate 31 for unified collection.

[0041] Through the aforementioned architecture, hydrogen and oxygen are directed away from the reaction area immediately after generation and discharged separately through independent gas-liquid channels, effectively preventing their retention or mixing within the battery cavity and fundamentally eliminating the risk of deflagration. This also helps maintain the stability and efficiency of the battery reaction. Furthermore, the stack structure of this invention fundamentally eliminates a large number of external pipes and connectors, making the overall stack structure more compact and significantly enhancing mechanical stability. It also effectively ensures the uniform distribution of electrolyte and reactant gases among all repeating units 33.

[0042] Furthermore, the inlet channel of the repeating unit 33 is configured to receive electrolyte from upstream and split the electrolyte into a first electrolyte branch and a second electrolyte branch; wherein the first electrolyte branch is guided to the outlet channel of this repeating unit 33, and the second electrolyte branch is guided to the inlet channel of the downstream repeating unit 33. The gas-liquid injection channel of the repeating unit 33 is configured to receive electrolyte or a gas-liquid mixture (oxygen and electrolyte) from upstream and split the electrolyte or gas-liquid mixture into a first gas-liquid branch and a second gas-liquid branch; wherein the first gas-liquid branch is guided to the gas-liquid outlet channel of this repeating unit 33, and the second gas-liquid branch is guided to the gas-liquid injection channel of the downstream repeating unit 33.

[0043] The repeating unit 33 includes two conductive plates 331 and a negative electrode 332, an electrolyte frame 333, an ion exchange membrane 334, a positive electrode 335, a carbon felt frame 336, and a gas-liquid frame 337, which are sequentially stacked between the two conductive plates 331 along the direction from the first end plate 1 to the second end plate 2. Carbon felt 338 is disposed within the carbon felt frame 336 and the gas-liquid frame 337. Preferably, the thickness of the carbon felt 338 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the carbon felt frame 336 and the gas-liquid frame 337. The total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path are formed by aligning the corner through holes of the corresponding components in each repeating unit 33 after stacking. In this embodiment, two adjacent repeating units 33 share a conductive plate 331, and the conductive plate 331 is a nickel plate; a carbon plate 339 is provided between the shared conductive plate 331 and its adjacent negative electrode 332 to isolate the negative electrode 332 and the conductive plate 331, so as to avoid the possibility of forming a galvanic cell between the two.

[0044] Furthermore, the two repeating units 33 located at both ends of the rust-resistant battery stack are, for ease of understanding, defined as the leftmost repeating unit 33 and the rightmost repeating unit 33, as follows: Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the rightmost repeating unit 33 is adjacent to the first end plate 1, and the leftmost repeating unit 33 is adjacent to the second end plate 2. In the rightmost repeating unit 33, the conductive plate 331 adjacent to the first end plate 1 has through holes at its two corners, and the other conductive plate 331, negative electrode 332, electrolyte frame 333, ion exchange membrane 334, positive electrode 335, carbon felt frame 336, and gas-liquid frame 337 on it also have through holes at their four corners. Similarly, in the leftmost repeating unit 33, the conductive plate 331 adjacent to the second end plate 2 has through holes at its two corners, and the other conductive plate 331, carbon plate 339, negative electrode 332, electrolyte frame 333, ion exchange membrane 334, positive electrode 335, carbon felt frame 336, and gas-liquid frame 337 on it also have through holes at their four corners. The remaining repeating units 33 all have through holes at their four corners: two conductive plates 331, carbon plate 339, negative electrode 332, electrolyte frame 333, ion membrane 334, positive electrode 335, carbon felt frame 336, and gas-liquid frame 337. When multiple repeating units 33 are stacked, the components with four corner through holes in each repeating unit 33 have their through hole centers overlapping and participate in forming the total liquid inlet flow path, total liquid outlet flow path, total gas-liquid injection flow path, and total gas-liquid discharge flow path. The two conductive plates 331 with two angular through holes participate in forming the total liquid inlet flow path, total liquid outlet flow path, total gas-liquid injection flow path, and total gas-liquid discharge flow path. The outlet end of the main liquid inlet flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate 331 adjacent to the second end plate 2 in the repeating unit 33 (i.e., the leftmost repeating unit 33) near the second end plate 2. The inlet end of the main liquid outlet flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate 331 adjacent to the first end plate 1 in the repeating unit 33 (i.e., the rightmost repeating unit 33) near the first end plate 1. The outlet end of the main gas-liquid injection flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate 331 adjacent to the first end plate 1 in the repeating unit 33 near the first end plate 1. The inlet end of the main gas-liquid discharge flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate 331 adjacent to the second end plate 2 in the repeating unit 33 near the second end plate 2.

[0045] In addition to the liquid frame through holes 3334 at the four corners, the electrolyte frame 333 also has a liquid guiding channel on the side facing the negative electrode 332. The two ends of this liquid guiding channel are connected to the liquid frame through holes 3334 corresponding to the inlet and outlet liquid channels in the corresponding repeating unit 33, respectively. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the liquid guiding channel consists of the hollow structure 3332 of the electrolyte frame 333 in which it is located, and the first liquid guiding channel 3331 and the second liquid guiding channel 3333 located on both sides of the hollow structure 3332. The liquid guiding channel is constructed in a roughly Z-shape.

[0046] In addition to the gas-liquid frame through holes 3374 at its four corners, the gas-liquid frame 337 also has a gas-liquid channel on its side facing the carbon felt frame 336. The two ends of this gas-liquid channel are respectively connected to the gas-liquid frame through holes 3374 corresponding to the gas-liquid injection channel and gas-liquid discharge channel in the corresponding repeating unit 33. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the gas-liquid channel consists of the hollow structure 3372 of the gas-liquid frame 337 in which it is located, and the first gas-liquid channel 3371 and the second gas-liquid channel 3373 located on both sides of the middle structure of the gas-liquid frame. The gas-liquid channel is constructed in a roughly Z-shape.

[0047] The negative electrode 332, positive electrode 335, and ion-exchange membrane 334 can refer to existing technologies in the art. As an example, the negative electrode 332 can be a rust-colored negative electrode sheet wrapped with a stainless steel mesh. The stainless steel mesh can be 304, 316, or other types, with a mesh size of 100-1000 mesh. The rust-colored negative electrode sheet can be prepared by a dry process, where active material, conductive agent, and binder are mixed uniformly in a certain proportion, the mixed negative electrode material is poured into a mold, and pressure-formed to obtain the desired rust-colored negative electrode sheet. The active material is ferric oxide; the conductive agent is a carbon material (including but not limited to one or more of SuperP, carbon black, acetylene black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon fibers); the binder includes but is not limited to one or more of PTFE, HPMC, CMC, and PVA. The positive electrode 335 comprises a carbon felt and a catalyst supported thereon. The catalyst can be a bifunctional or hybrid material with OER and ORR catalytic activity, such as RuO2, Pt / C, or mixtures thereof. The ion exchange membrane 334 is an anion exchange membrane 334, which only allows the movement of hydroxide ions, thereby isolating the hydrogen gas generated at the negative electrode and the oxygen gas generated at the positive electrode.

[0048] The first end plate 1 and the second end plate 2 together constitute the mechanical support and external interface of the fuel cell stack. The first end plate 1 preferably has a liquid inlet port (i.e., end plate liquid inlet port 11) and a gas-liquid outlet port (end plate gas-liquid outlet port 12), which are respectively connected to the corresponding ports on the first gas-liquid functional plate 31. The second end plate 2 is correspondingly provided with a liquid outlet port (i.e., end plate liquid outlet port 21) and a gas-liquid injection port (i.e., end plate gas-liquid injection port 22), which are connected to the corresponding ports on the second gas-liquid functional plate 32. To enhance structural stability, multiple end plate locking holes 14 are spaced apart on the periphery of both end plates, and end plate positioning holes 13 are also provided. Locking holes are also correspondingly provided on other components in the repeating unit 33, except for the carbon felt 338, and the fuel cell stack is preferably fastened using bolts.

[0049] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rust-resistant battery stack, characterized in that: It includes a first end plate (1), a second end plate (2) and a stack body (3) sandwiched between the two. The stack body (3) includes a first gas-liquid functional plate (31), a second gas-liquid functional plate (32) and a plurality of repeating units (33) sandwiched between the two. The first gas-liquid functional board (31) is provided with a liquid inlet port and a gas-liquid outlet port. The liquid inlet port is used to introduce electrolyte, and the gas-liquid outlet port is configured to discharge gas-liquid mixture during discharge or charging. The second gas-liquid functional plate (32) is provided with a liquid outlet port and a gas-liquid injection port. Its liquid outlet port is used to discharge electrolyte, and its gas-liquid injection port is configured to allow a gas-liquid mixture to be introduced during discharge and to allow electrolyte to be introduced during charging. The multiple repeating units (33) are stacked sequentially along the direction from the first end plate (1) to the second end plate (2), and each repeating unit (33) has an inlet flow channel, an outlet flow channel, a gas-liquid injection flow channel and a gas-liquid discharge flow channel inside; The liquid inlet channels of the multiple repeating units (33) are connected in series and together define the total liquid inlet path. The inlet end of the total liquid inlet path is connected to the liquid inlet port of the first gas-liquid functional plate (31), and its outlet end is closed. The liquid outlet channels of the multiple repeating units (33) are connected in series and together define the total liquid outlet path. The inlet end of the total liquid outlet path is closed and its outlet end is connected to the liquid outlet port of the second gas-liquid functional plate (32). The gas-liquid injection channels of the multiple repeating units (33) are connected in series and together define the total gas-liquid injection path. The inlet end of the total gas-liquid injection path is connected to the gas-liquid injection port of the second gas-liquid functional plate (32), and its outlet end is closed. The gas-liquid discharge channels of the multiple repeating units (33) are connected in series and together define the total gas-liquid discharge path. The inlet end of the total gas-liquid discharge path is closed, and its outlet end is connected to the gas-liquid discharge outlet of the first gas-liquid functional plate (31).

2. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid inlet channel of the repeating unit (33) is configured to receive electrolyte from upstream and split the electrolyte into a first electrolyte branch and a second electrolyte branch; The first electrolyte branch is guided to the outlet channel of this repeating unit (33), and the second electrolyte branch is guided to the inlet channel of the downstream repeating unit (33).

3. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid injection channel of the repeating unit (33) is configured to receive electrolyte or gas-liquid mixture from upstream and to split the electrolyte or gas-liquid mixture into a first gas-liquid branch and a second gas-liquid branch. The first gas-liquid branch is guided to the gas-liquid discharge channel of this repeating unit (33), and the second gas-liquid branch is guided to the gas-liquid injection channel of the downstream repeating unit (33).

4. The rust-resistant battery stack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The repeating unit (33) includes two conductive plates (331) and a negative electrode (332), an electrolyte frame (333), an ion membrane (334), a positive electrode (335), a carbon felt frame (336), and a gas-liquid frame (337) stacked sequentially between the two conductive plates (331) along the direction from the first end plate (1) to the second end plate (2). Carbon felt (338) is provided in the carbon felt frame (336) and the gas-liquid frame (337). The total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path are formed by aligning the corner through holes of the corresponding components in each repeating unit (33) after stacking.

5. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the repeating units (33) located at both ends of the rust-resistant battery stack, two conductive plates (331) adjacent to the first end plate (1) and the second end plate (2) participate in the formation of the total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path through through holes at their two corners; the remaining components of the rust-resistant battery stack, except for the carbon felt (338), participate in the formation of the total liquid inlet flow path, the total liquid outlet flow path, the total gas-liquid injection flow path, and the total gas-liquid discharge flow path through through holes at their four corners; and / or, The outlet end of the total liquid inlet flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate (331) located at the end of the rust battery stack and adjacent to the second end plate (2). The inlet end of the total liquid outlet flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate (331) located at the end of the rust battery stack and adjacent to the first end plate (1). The outlet end of the total gas-liquid injection flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate (331) located at the end of the rust battery stack and adjacent to the first end plate (1). The inlet end of the total gas-liquid discharge flow path is closed by the solid portion of the conductive plate (331) located at the end of the rust battery stack and adjacent to the second end plate (2).

6. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrolyte frame (333) is provided with a liquid guiding channel on the side facing the negative electrode (332), and the two ends of the liquid guiding channel are respectively connected to the liquid inlet channel and the liquid outlet channel in the corresponding repeating unit (33); The gas-liquid frame (337) has a gas-liquid channel on the side facing the carbon felt frame (336), and the two ends of the gas-liquid channel are respectively connected to the gas-liquid injection channel and the gas-liquid discharge channel in the corresponding repeating unit (33).

7. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two adjacent repeating units (33) share a conductive plate (331), and a carbon plate (339) is provided between the shared conductive plate (331) and its adjacent negative electrode (332).

8. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the carbon felt (338) is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the carbon felt frame (336) and the gas-liquid frame (337).

9. The rust-resistant battery stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end plate (1) is provided with a liquid inlet port and a gas-liquid outlet port. The liquid inlet port and the gas-liquid outlet port of the first end plate (1) are respectively connected to the liquid inlet port and the gas-liquid outlet port on the first gas-liquid functional plate (31). The second end plate (2) is provided with a liquid outlet port and a gas-liquid injection port. The liquid outlet port and the gas inlet port of the second end plate (2) are respectively connected to the liquid outlet port and the gas-liquid injection port on the second gas-liquid functional plate (32).

10. A rust-resistant battery, characterized in that: Including the rust-resistant battery stack as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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