Solar cell module, preparation method thereof and solar cell

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell module, a preparation method thereof and a solar cell. The solar cell module comprises a substrate, a first barrier structure, a first electrode leading-out structure, a second electrode leading-out structure, a second barrier structure and a cell unit group, wherein the first electrode leading-out structure and the second electrode leading-out structure are arranged at an interval; the second barrier structure is located on the sides, away from the substrate, of the first electrode leading-out structure and the second electrode leading-out structure, and the first barrier structure, the first electrode leading-out structure, the second electrode leading-out structure and the second barrier structure jointly define a closed space; the battery unit group is located in the closed space, the battery unit group comprises at least one battery unit, a first electrode of the at least one battery unit is led out through a first electrode leading-out structure, and a second electrode of the at least one battery unit is led out through a second electrode leading-out structure. The sealing effect of the solar cell module is excellent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to solar cell modules and their fabrication methods and solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a crucial role in the advancement of the electronics industry. Perovskite, as a novel semiconductor, possesses numerous advantages, including long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, tunable bandgap, and large absorption coefficient. Compared to traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite preparation is simpler and less expensive, giving it a significant advantage in the semiconductor field. To date, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and the time to energy (T95) has surpassed 1,000 hours. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite has demonstrated enormous potential. However, current solar cells still face some challenges that limit their application in certain scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a solar cell module, a method for manufacturing the same, and a solar cell.

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a solar cell module, comprising: Substrate; The first barrier structure is located on one side of the substrate; The first electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure that is away from the substrate; The second electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate, and the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure are arranged at intervals. The second barrier structure is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate. The first barrier structure, the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the second barrier structure together enclose a sealed space. A battery cell assembly is located in a sealed space. The battery cell assembly includes at least one battery cell. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer is located on the side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate. The first electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through a first electrode lead-out structure, and the second electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through a second electrode lead-out structure.

[0005] In one embodiment, the material of the first barrier structure includes a first inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the first barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the first inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the second barrier structure comprises a second inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the second barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the second inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide; Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide includes at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and indium zinc oxide; Preferably, the thickness of the first barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm; and / or, the thickness of the second barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

[0006] In one embodiment, the orthogonal projection of the battery cell onto the substrate is located within the orthogonal projection range of the first barrier structure onto the substrate; Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure includes a first part and a second part, wherein the orthographic projection of the first part on the substrate is within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second part on the substrate is outside the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate. Preferably, the first electrode of at least one battery cell is electrically connected to the first part; Preferably, the second electrode lead-out structure includes a third part and a fourth part, wherein the orthographic projection of the third part on the substrate is within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the fourth part on the substrate is outside the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate. Preferably, the second electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through the third part; Preferably, in the first direction, the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure are located on opposite sides of the battery cell group, and the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure extend along the second direction, with the first direction intersecting the second direction.

[0007] In one embodiment, at least one battery cell is connected in series; Along the direction of current flow, the first electrode of the first-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the first part, and the second electrode of the last-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the third part; or, the first electrode of the first-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the first part, and the first electrode of the last-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the third part. Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode; and / or, the second electrode lead-out structure is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode; and / or, the second electrode lead-out structure is disposed in the same layer as the second electrode. Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure is made of the same material as the first electrode, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure is made of the same material as the first electrode; Preferably, the second electrode of the last stage battery cell extends toward the substrate to be electrically connected to the third stage.

[0008] In one embodiment, at least one battery cell is connected in parallel, the first electrode of each battery cell is electrically connected to a first part, and the second electrode of each battery cell is electrically connected to a third part. Preferably, the second electrode of the battery cell extends toward the substrate to be electrically connected to the third part.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second barrier structure includes a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate, and the second barrier portion is located on the periphery of the battery cell group. The second barrier portion is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion includes a first barrier sub-portion and a second barrier sub-portion connected to each other. The first barrier sub-portion is connected to the first barrier portion and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The second barrier sub-portion and the first barrier portion are connected through the first barrier sub-portion. The second barrier sub-portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate. The second barrier sub-portion is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure. Preferably, the second electrode includes a first electrode portion, a second electrode portion, and a third electrode portion connected in sequence. The first electrode portion is located on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate, the second electrode portion is located on the side of the functional layer away from the first barrier portion, the second electrode portion extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the third electrode portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate, and the third electrode portion is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion further includes a third barrier sub-portion, a fourth barrier sub-portion, and a fifth barrier sub-portion connected in sequence. The third barrier sub-portion is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the second electrode portion, the fourth barrier sub-portion is located on the side of the third electrode portion away from the substrate, and the fifth barrier sub-portion is located on the side of the third electrode portion away from the first barrier sub-portion. The fifth barrier sub-portion is in close contact with the second electrode lead-out structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion further includes a sixth barrier sub-portion located on the side of the fifth barrier sub-portion away from the third electrode portion. The sixth barrier sub-portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate and is in close contact with the second electrode lead-out structure.

[0010] In one embodiment, the second barrier portion further includes a seventh barrier sub-portion, which is located on the periphery of the battery cell group. The seventh barrier sub-portion is connected to the first barrier portion and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The seventh barrier sub-portion is in close contact with the first barrier structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion further includes an eighth barrier sub-portion, which is connected to the first barrier portion via a seventh barrier sub-portion. The eighth barrier sub-portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate and is in close contact with the first barrier structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, it further includes: a first bus structure electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out structure; the first bus structure is located outside the enclosed space; Preferably, the first bus structure is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate; Preferably, along a direction parallel to the substrate, the first busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the enclosed space; Preferably, the first bus structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate.

[0012] In one embodiment, it further includes: a second bus structure electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure; the second bus structure is located outside the enclosed space; Preferably, the second bus structure is located on the side of the second electrode lead-out structure that faces away from the substrate; Preferably, the second busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the enclosed space, in a direction parallel to the substrate. Preferably, the second bus structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate.

[0013] In one embodiment, it further includes: at least one third barrier structure located between the first barrier structure and the substrate; The first planarization layer is located between the first barrier structure and the third barrier structure; Preferably, the material of the third barrier structure includes a third inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the third barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the third inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the first planarization layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide; Preferably, it further includes: a second planarization layer located between adjacent third barrier structures; Preferably, the second planarization layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide; Preferably, the thickness of the third barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

[0014] In one embodiment, it further includes: a fourth barrier structure, at least partially located on the side of the second barrier structure facing away from the substrate; The third planarization layer is located between the second barrier structure and the fourth barrier structure; Preferably, the material of the fourth barrier structure includes a fourth inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the fourth barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the fourth inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the third planarization layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide; Preferably, the thickness of the fourth barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the second barrier structure includes a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate, and the second barrier portion is located on the periphery of the battery cell group. The second barrier portion is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure. At least a portion of the third planarization layer is located on the side of the first barrier portion away from the substrate; Preferably, the fourth barrier structure includes a ninth barrier portion and a tenth barrier portion, the ninth barrier portion being located on the side of the third planarization layer away from the substrate, the tenth barrier portion being located on the periphery of the third planarization layer, and the tenth barrier portion being in close contact with the second barrier portion. Preferably, the orthogonal projection of the fourth barrier structure onto the substrate is within the orthogonal projection range of the second barrier structure onto the substrate; Preferably, the battery cell includes an effective area and a dead area, the dead area having a groove; The second barrier structure also includes an eleventh barrier portion, which extends into the groove and is connected to the first barrier portion. Preferably, a portion of the third planarization layer fills the groove.

[0016] In one embodiment, it further includes: a sealant located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the substrate, the sealant covering the second barrier structure, a portion of the first electrode lead-out structure, a portion of the second electrode lead-out structure and a portion of the first barrier structure; Preferably, it further includes a cover plate located on the side of the sealant away from the substrate.

[0017] A second aspect of this application provides a solar cell module, comprising: Substrate; The first barrier structure is located on one side of the substrate; A battery cell group is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate. The battery cell group includes at least one battery cell. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode stacked in sequence. The functional layer is located on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate. The first electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate; the first electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure. The second electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate, and the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure are located on opposite sides of the battery cell group; the second electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through the second electrode lead-out structure. The second barrier structure is located at least partially on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first electrode lead-out structure extends out of the second barrier structure, and the second electrode lead-out structure extends out of the second barrier structure. Preferably, it further includes: a first bus structure electrically connected to a first electrode lead-out structure extending from the second barrier structure; Preferably, the first bus structure is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate; Preferably, along a direction parallel to the substrate, the first busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the battery cell group; Preferably, the first bus structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate; Preferably, it further includes: a second bus structure electrically connected to a second electrode lead-out structure extending from the second barrier structure; Preferably, the second bus structure is located on the side of the second electrode lead-out structure that faces away from the substrate; Preferably, the second busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the battery cell group, along a direction parallel to the substrate; Preferably, the second bus structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate.

[0019] In one embodiment, the material of the first barrier structure includes a first inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the first barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the first inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the second barrier structure comprises a second inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the second barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the second inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide; Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide includes at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and indium zinc oxide.

[0020] A third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising: A first barrier structure is fabricated on one side of the substrate; A plurality of first electrodes, a first electrode lead-out structure, and a second electrode lead-out structure are fabricated on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate; the plurality of first electrodes are located between the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure, and the first electrode lead-out structure is electrically connected to at least one first electrode. A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate; A second electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the functional material layer that is away from the substrate; The second electrode material layer and the functional material layer are patterned to obtain a functional layer and multiple second electrodes; at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure. A second barrier structure is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. At least a portion of the second barrier structure is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure.

[0021] In one embodiment, the method of fabricating a first barrier structure on one side of a substrate includes at least one of chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition; Preferably, the method for fabricating the second barrier structure on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate includes atomic layer deposition; Preferably, a plurality of first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures, and second electrode lead-out structures are fabricated on the side of the first barrier structure facing away from the substrate, including: A first electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the first barrier structure that is away from the substrate; The first electrode material layer is patterned to obtain multiple first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures, and second electrode lead-out structures; Preferably, the first electrode material layer is patterned using a laser etching process; Preferably, after patterning the second electrode material layer and the functional material layer, the process further includes fabricating the second barrier structure on the side of the second electrode facing away from the substrate, and then: The surface of the first electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate is cleaned, and the surface of the second electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate is cleaned. Preferably, a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the first electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate; Preferably, a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the second electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate.

[0022] The fourth aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, comprising: A first barrier structure is fabricated on one side of the substrate; A plurality of first electrodes and a first electrode lead-out structure are fabricated on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate; the plurality of first electrodes are located on the same side of the first electrode lead-out structure, and the first electrode lead-out structure is electrically connected to at least one first electrode; A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate; A second electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the functional material layer that is away from the substrate; The second electrode material layer and the functional material layer are patterned to obtain a functional layer, multiple second electrodes, and a second electrode lead-out structure; at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure. A second barrier structure is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. At least a portion of the second barrier structure is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure.

[0023] The fifth aspect of this application provides a solar cell, including the aforementioned solar cell module, or a solar cell module prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0024] According to the solar cell module provided in the embodiments of this application, the first barrier structure, the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure, and the second barrier structure together enclose a sealed space, achieving effective encapsulation and protection of the photovoltaic cell unit group, improving the service life of the solar cell module. Moreover, the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure can effectively lead out the corresponding electrodes in the cell unit group without almost damaging the sealing performance of the sealed space, resulting in excellent protection for the cell unit group. At the same time, the thickness of the first barrier structure and the second barrier structure can be reduced, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the solar cell module and facilitating the acquisition of a solar cell module with strong flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell module in related technologies.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of a solar cell module in one embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 3 For one embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA' direction.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a top view of a solar cell module in another embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 5 For one embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the BB' direction.

[0030] Figure 6 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the BB' direction.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a top view of a solar cell module in another embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 8 For one embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the CC' direction.

[0033] Figure 9 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA' direction.

[0034] Figure 10 For one embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the DD' direction.

[0035] Figure 11 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the DD' direction.

[0036] Figure 12 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA' direction.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a top view of a solar cell module in another embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 14 This is a top view of a solar cell module in another embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 15 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA' direction.

[0040] Figure 16 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA' direction.

[0041] Figure 17 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the BB' direction.

[0042] Figure 18 For another embodiment of the solar cell module of this application along Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure in the AA' direction.

[0043] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a solar cell module in one embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a solar cell module in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Furthermore, to better illustrate this application, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application can be implemented even without certain specific details. In some instances, methods and means well-known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this application.

[0047] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0048] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] The inventors of this application, through research, discovered that, referring to... Figure 1The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the solar cell module shown generally shows a first barrier layer 10 disposed on the side of the substrate 100 away from the cell unit group 500. To obtain a flexible solar cell module, the first barrier layer 10 is made of organic materials, and inorganic materials (such as alumina and silicon oxide) are doped into the organic materials to improve the ability to block water and oxygen. A second barrier layer 20 is disposed on the side of the cell unit group 500 away from the substrate 100. The second barrier layer 20 is made of organic materials, and inorganic materials (such as alumina and silicon oxide) are doped into the organic materials to improve the ability to block water and oxygen. A cover plate 1100 is disposed on the side of the second barrier layer 20 away from the substrate 100. The cover plate 1100 and the first barrier layer 10 extend out of the cell unit group 500. A sealant 30 is disposed around the periphery of the cell unit group 500. The cover plate, the first barrier layer 10, the second barrier layer 20, and the sealant 30 together encapsulate the cell unit group 500. To achieve electrode lead-out, a busbar 40 is provided between the battery cell assembly and the second barrier layer 20, and the current in the busbar is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320. However, high-temperature processes (such as annealing, vapor deposition, etc.) are used in the fabrication of the battery cell assembly 500, and the first barrier layer 10 is generally fabricated by an attachment process, resulting in a large thickness of the first barrier layer 10 (greater than 100 μm). In addition, the thickness of the second barrier layer 20 is also large (greater than 100 μm), resulting in poor bending flexibility of the solar cell module and high cost. The sealant 30 provided around the battery cell assembly 500 has a relatively low ability to block water and oxygen. Poor performance leads to a relatively short lifespan for solar cell modules. In order to extract current, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 penetrate the frame sealant 30 or the second barrier layer 20 and the cover plate. The contact positions of the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 with the frame sealant 30, or with the second barrier layer 20 and the cover plate 1100, have poor water and oxygen blocking capabilities, which can easily lead to water and oxygen intrusion into the cell unit group 500, thus reducing the reliability of the solar cell module.

[0050] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a solar cell module. Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of a solar cell module. Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of a solar cell module along the AA' direction. The solar cell module includes: a substrate 100, a first barrier structure 200, a first electrode lead-out structure 310, a second electrode lead-out structure 320, a second barrier structure 400, and a cell unit group 500.

[0051] It should be noted that, Figure 2The top view shown only illustrates the first barrier structure 200, battery cell group 500, first electrode lead-out structure 310, and second electrode lead-out structure 320, and should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0052] For example, substrate 100 includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), glass, metal, and polyimide (PI). (See reference) Figure 2 The substrate 100 extends out of the battery cell assembly 500. It can be understood that when the material of the substrate 100 includes glass, the glass can be ultra-thin glass (thickness less than or equal to 100μm); when the material of the substrate 100 includes metal, the thickness of the metal is generally less than or equal to 30nm, in order to meet the flexibility and transparency of the substrate 100.

[0053] Optionally, the first barrier structure 200 is located on one side of the substrate 100.

[0054] In one embodiment, the first barrier structure 200 is made of a first inorganic material. Therefore, the first barrier structure 200 has a strong ability to block water and oxygen.

[0055] Optionally, the density of the first barrier structure 200 is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 For example, it can be 2.15 g / cm³. 3 2.4g / cm 3 2.6g / cm 3 2.8g / cm 3 3.0g / cm 3 3.2g / cm 3 3.4g / cm 3 3.45g / cm 3 Therefore, the first barrier structure 200 has a high density, which is beneficial to further enhance the ability of the first barrier structure 200 to block water and oxygen.

[0056] Optionally, the first inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0057] For example, the density of silicon dioxide can be 2.2 g / cm³. 3 The density of silicon nitride can be 3.1 g / cm³. 3 -3.4g / cm 3 The density of alumina can be 3.21 g / cm³. 3 .

[0058] For example, the first barrier structure 200 can be prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition.

[0059] For example, chemical vapor deposition includes plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.

[0060] For example, the first barrier structure 200 extends out of the battery cell assembly 500. Specifically, the first barrier structure 200 is completely overlapped with the substrate 100.

[0061] Optionally, the thickness of the first barrier structure 200 is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm, for example, it can be 50 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.8 μm, or 2 μm. Therefore, the thickness of the first barrier structure 200 is relatively thin, resulting in greater flexibility of the solar cell module.

[0062] It is understandable that the first barrier structure 200 is not affected by the manufacturing process of the film structure of the battery cell group 500, and has strong high temperature resistance.

[0063] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 is located on the side of the first barrier structure 200 facing away from the substrate 100. The second electrode lead-out structure 320 is located on the side of the first barrier structure 200 facing away from the substrate 100. The first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 are arranged at intervals.

[0064] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 comprises a transparent conductive oxide, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure 320 comprises a transparent conductive oxide. Thus, the transparent conductive oxide has a stronger bonding ability with the inorganic first barrier structure 200, resulting in a superior encapsulation effect.

[0065] Alternatively, the transparent conductive oxide includes at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0066] Optionally, the second barrier structure 400 is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 away from the substrate 100, and the first barrier structure 200, the first electrode lead-out structure 310, the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second barrier structure 400 together enclose a sealed space a.

[0067] For example, a portion of the first electrode lead-out structure 310 is located outside the sealed space a, and a portion of the second electrode lead-out structure 320 is located outside the sealed space a, so as to facilitate the lead-out of the corresponding electrodes without compromising the sealing of the sealed space a.

[0068] Optionally, the second barrier structure 400 includes a second inorganic material. Therefore, the second barrier structure 400 has a stronger ability to block water and oxygen.

[0069] Optionally, the density of the second barrier structure 400 is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 For example, it can be 2.15 g / cm³. 3 2.4g / cm 3 2.6g / cm 3 2.8g / cm 3 3.0g / cm 3 3.2g / cm 3 3.4g / cm 3 3.45g / cm 3 Therefore, the second barrier structure 400 has a higher density, which is beneficial to further enhance the ability of the second barrier structure 400 to block water and oxygen.

[0070] Optionally, the second inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride. Therefore, the inorganic second barrier structure 400 has a stronger bonding ability with the first electrode lead structure 310 and the second electrode lead structure 320, which are made of transparent conductive oxide, resulting in a superior encapsulation effect.

[0071] For example, the second barrier structure 400 can be prepared by atomic layer deposition.

[0072] It is understandable that, since the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 are set at intervals, some of the first barrier structure 200 will also be in direct contact with the second barrier structure 400. The inorganic first barrier structure 200 and the second barrier structure 400 have a stronger bonding ability, the sealing effect of the closed space a is better, and the ability to block water and oxygen is stronger.

[0073] It is understood that the materials of the first barrier structure 200 and the second barrier structure 400 can be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the first barrier structure 200 and the second barrier structure 400 are the same, and the sealing effect of the sealed space a is better, and the ability to block water and oxygen is stronger.

[0074] Optionally, the thickness of the second barrier structure 400 is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm, for example, it can be 50 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.8 μm, or 2 μm. Therefore, the thickness of the second barrier structure 400 is relatively thin, resulting in greater flexibility of the solar cell module.

[0075] Optionally, the battery cell group 500 is located in the sealed space a. The battery cell group 500 includes at least one battery cell 510. The battery cell 510 includes a first electrode 511, a functional layer 512 and a second electrode 513 stacked in sequence. The functional layer 512 is located on the side of the first electrode 511 away from the substrate 100. The first electrode 511 of at least one battery cell 510 is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure 310, and the second electrode 513 of at least one battery cell 510 is led out through the second electrode lead-out structure 320.

[0076] For example, along a direction away from the first electrode 511, the functional layer 512 includes a stacked first carrier transport layer 5121, a photoactive layer 5122, a second carrier transport layer 5123, etc. Exemplarily, the photoactive layer includes at least one of perovskite, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), organic photovoltaic (OPV), and copper zinc tin sulfur selenide. One of the first carrier transport layer 5121 and the second carrier transport layer 5123 is a hole transport layer, and the other is an electron transport layer.

[0077] It is understood that within the sealed space a, at least one battery cell 510's first electrode 511 is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out structure 310, and at least one battery cell 510's second electrode 513 is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure 320. Since a portion of the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and a portion of the second electrode lead-out structure 320 are located outside the sealed space a, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 do not compromise the sealing performance of the sealed space a. Even after the first electrode 511 of at least one battery cell 510 is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode 513 of at least one battery cell 510 is led out through the second electrode lead-out structure 320, the sealed space a still maintains excellent sealing performance.

[0078] According to the solar cell module provided in the embodiments of this application, the first barrier structure 200, the first electrode lead-out structure 310, the second electrode lead-out structure 320, and the second barrier structure 400 together enclose a sealed space a, achieving effective encapsulation and protection of the photovoltaic cell unit group 500, improving the service life of the solar cell module. Moreover, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 can effectively lead out the corresponding electrodes in the cell unit group 500 without damaging the sealing performance of the sealed space, resulting in excellent protection for the cell unit group 500. At the same time, the thickness of the first barrier structure 200 and the second barrier structure 400 can be reduced, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the solar cell module and facilitating the acquisition of a solar cell module with strong flexibility.

[0079] In one embodiment, the orthogonal projection of the battery cell onto the substrate 100 lies within the orthogonal projection range of the first barrier structure 200 onto the substrate 100.

[0080] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 includes a first part 311 and a second part 312. The orthographic projection of the first part 311 on the substrate 100 is within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure 400 on the substrate 100, and the orthographic projection of the second part 312 on the substrate 100 is outside the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure 400 on the substrate 100. The second electrode lead-out structure 320 includes a third part 321 and a fourth part 322. The orthographic projection of the third part 321 on the substrate 100 is within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure 400 on the substrate 100, and the orthographic projection of the fourth part 322 on the substrate 100 is outside the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure 400 on the substrate 100.

[0081] It is understandable that the second part 312 and the fourth part 322 are located outside the enclosed space a, and the first part 311, the third part 321, the second barrier structure 400 and the first barrier structure 200 together enclose the enclosed space a.

[0082] Optionally, at least one battery cell 510 has a first electrode 511 electrically connected to the first part 311; at least one battery cell 510 has a second electrode 513 led out through the third part 321. It is understood that the second part 312 and the fourth part 322 are located outside the sealed space a, and the first electrode 511 and the second electrode 513 can be led out through the second part 312 and the fourth part 322 respectively, without damaging the sealing effect of the sealed space a.

[0083] Optionally, in the first direction X, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 are located on opposite sides of the battery cell group 500, and the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 extend along the second direction Y respectively, and the first direction X intersects the second direction Y, for example, the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other.

[0084] Understandable, refer to Figure 3 When there is one battery cell 510, the battery cell 510 extends along the second direction Y.

[0085] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the top view of the solar cell module shown is as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown Figure 4 The diagram shows a cross-sectional structure of the solar cell module along the BB' direction. There are multiple cell units 510 connected in series.

[0086] Along the direction of current flow L, refer to Figure 5 The first electrode 511 of the first-stage battery cell 510 is electrically connected to the first part 311, and the second electrode 513 of the last-stage battery cell 510 is electrically connected to the third part 321. Alternatively, refer to... Figure 6 Along the direction of current flow, the first electrode 511 of the first-stage battery unit 510 is electrically connected to the first part 311, and the first electrode 511 of the last-stage battery unit 510 is electrically connected to the third part 321. Thus, the first electrode 511 and the second electrode 513 are brought out within the sealed space a without compromising the sealing effect of the sealed space a, resulting in excellent encapsulation.

[0087] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode 511. The second electrode lead-out structure 320 is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode 511. For example, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the first electrode 511 are made of the same material, and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the first electrode 511 are made of the same material.

[0088] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode 511, and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 is disposed in the same layer as the second electrode 513. It can be understood that the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second electrode 513 being disposed in the same layer means that the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second electrode 513 are prepared through the same fabrication process. For example, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the first electrode 511 are made of the same material, and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second electrode 513 are made of the same material.

[0089] It is understood that when the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second electrode 513 are arranged in the same layer, the material of the second electrode lead-out structure 320 includes transparent conductive oxide.

[0090] Optionally, the second electrode 513 of the last-stage battery cell 510 extends towards the substrate 100 to be electrically connected to the third part 321. In this case, the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second electrode 513 can be disposed in the same layer, so that the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the second electrode 513 are prepared by the same fabrication process.

[0091] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the top view of the solar cell module shown is as follows: Figure 8 shown Figure 7 The diagram shows a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell module along the CC' direction. There are multiple battery cells 510 connected in parallel. The first electrode 511 of each battery cell 510 is electrically connected to the first part 311, and the second electrode 513 of each battery cell 510 is electrically connected to the third part 321.

[0092] Optionally, the second electrode 513 of the battery cell 510 extends toward the substrate 100 to be electrically connected to the third part 321. Thus, the first electrode 511 and the second electrode 513 are brought out within the sealed space a without compromising the sealing effect of the sealed space a, resulting in excellent encapsulation performance.

[0093] In one embodiment, the second barrier structure 400 includes a first barrier portion 410 and a second barrier portion 420. The first barrier portion 410 is located on the side of the battery cell group 500 facing away from the substrate 100, and the second barrier portion 420 is located on the periphery of the battery cell group 500. The second barrier portion 420 is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure 310, the second electrode lead-out structure 320, and the first barrier structure 200. It is understood that the interconnected first barrier portion 410 and the second barrier portion 420 can be fabricated in the same fabrication process, resulting in a stronger sealing performance of the second barrier structure 400.

[0094] Optionally, the second barrier portion 420 includes a first barrier sub-portion 421 and a second barrier sub-portion 422 connected to each other. The first barrier sub-portion 421 is connected to the first barrier portion 410 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100. The second barrier sub-portion 422 and the first barrier portion 410 are connected through the first barrier sub-portion 421. The second barrier sub-portion 422 extends in a direction parallel to the substrate 100 and is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure 310. Therefore, the second barrier portion 420 and the first electrode lead-out structure 310 have a high bonding strength and better sealing performance.

[0095] Optionally, the second electrode 513 includes a first electrode portion 5131, a second electrode portion 5132, and a third electrode portion 5133 connected in sequence. The first electrode portion 5131 is located on the side of the functional layer 512 away from the substrate 100, the second electrode portion 5132 is located on the side of the functional layer 512 away from the first barrier portion 421, the second electrode portion 5132 extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100, and the third electrode portion 5133 extends in a direction parallel to the substrate 100. The third electrode portion 5133 is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure 320. In this case, the second electrode lead-out structure 320 can be disposed in the same layer as the first electrode 511, and the electrical connection effect between the second electrode 513 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 is better, achieving excellent electrical connection effect in a sealed space and facilitating the lead-out of the second electrode 513.

[0096] Optionally, the second barrier portion 420 further includes a third barrier sub-portion 423, a fourth barrier sub-portion 424, and a fifth barrier sub-portion 425 connected in sequence. The third barrier sub-portion 423 is located on the side of the battery cell group 500 away from the second electrode portion 5132, the fourth barrier sub-portion 424 is located on the side of the third electrode portion 5133 away from the substrate 100, and the fifth barrier sub-portion 425 is located on the side of the third electrode portion 5133 away from the first barrier sub-portion 421. The fifth barrier sub-portion 425 is in close contact with the second electrode lead-out structure 320. Thus, the second barrier portion 420 can seal the second electrode 513 with better sealing effect.

[0097] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 The second barrier portion 420 also includes a sixth barrier sub-portion 426, located on the side of the fifth barrier sub-portion 425 away from the third electrode portion 5133. The sixth barrier sub-portion 426 extends in a direction parallel to the substrate 100 and is in close contact with the second electrode lead-out structure 320. Therefore, the sealing effect between the second barrier portion 420 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 is better, and the ability to block water and oxygen is stronger.

[0098] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 10 shown Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the solar cell assembly along the DD' direction shows that the second barrier portion 420 also includes a seventh barrier sub-portion 427. The seventh barrier sub-portion 427 is located on the periphery of the cell unit group 500. The seventh barrier sub-portion 427 is connected to the first barrier portion 410 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100. The seventh barrier sub-portion 427 is in close contact with the first barrier structure 200. It can be understood that the seventh barrier sub-portion 427 is connected to the first barrier sub-portion 421 and the third barrier sub-portion 423, and the seventh barrier sub-portion 427, the first barrier sub-portion 421, and the third barrier sub-portion 423 are all located on the periphery of the cell unit group 500.

[0099] Optionally, refer to Figure 11 The second barrier portion 420 further includes an eighth barrier sub-portion 428, which is connected to the first barrier portion 410 via a seventh barrier sub-portion 427. The eighth barrier sub-portion 428 extends in a direction parallel to the substrate 100 and is in close contact with the first barrier structure 200. Therefore, the bonding area between the second barrier portion 420 and the first barrier structure 200 is larger, resulting in a better effect in preventing water and oxygen intrusion into the battery cell assembly.

[0100] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 12 The solar cell module also includes a first busbar structure 610, which is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out structure 310; the first busbar structure 610 is located outside the sealed space a. Therefore, the arrangement of the first busbar structure 610 does not affect the sealing effect of the sealed space a.

[0101] Optionally, the first bus structure 610 is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure 310 away from the substrate 100; for example, along a direction parallel to the substrate 100, the first bus structure 610 is located on the side of the second barrier structure 400 away from the sealed space a.

[0102] In one embodiment, the solar cell module further includes a second busbar structure 620 electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure 320; the second busbar structure 620 is located outside the sealed space a. Therefore, the arrangement of the second busbar structure 620 does not affect the sealing effect of the sealed space a.

[0103] Optionally, the second bus structure 620 is located on the side of the second electrode lead-out structure 320 away from the substrate 100; for example, along a direction parallel to the substrate 100, the second bus structure 620 is located on the side of the second barrier structure 400 away from the sealed space a.

[0104] Optionally, refer to Figure 13 or Figure 14 The first bus structure 610 extends along the second direction Y and extends beyond the substrate 100, and the second bus structure 620 extends along the second direction Y and extends beyond the substrate 100. For example, referring to... Figure 13 On the same side of substrate 100, a first bus structure 610 extends out of substrate 100, and a second bus structure 620 extends out of substrate 100. For example, see reference... Figure 14 On opposite sides of the substrate 100, a first busbar structure 610 extends out of the substrate 100, and a second busbar structure 620 extends out of the substrate 100.

[0105] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 15 The solar cell module also includes at least one third barrier structure 700 located between the first barrier structure 200 and the substrate 100. This facilitates the further intrusion of water and oxygen from the side of the substrate 100 away from the cell unit group 500 into the cell unit group 500, thereby improving the encapsulation effect of the solar cell module.

[0106] Optionally, the material of the third barrier structure 700 may include a third inorganic material.

[0107] Preferably, the density of the third barrier structure 700 is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 For example, it can be 2.15 g / cm³. 3 2.4g / cm 3 2.6g / cm 3 2.8g / cm 3 3.0g / cm 3 3.2g / cm3 3.4g / cm 3 3.45g / cm 3 Therefore, the third barrier structure 700 has a high density, which is beneficial for further improving the ability of the third barrier structure 700 to block water and oxygen.

[0108] Optionally, the third inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0109] Optionally, the solar cell module further includes a first planarization layer 810, located between the first barrier structure 200 and the third barrier structure 700. It is understood that when the first barrier structure 200 and the third barrier structure 700 are inorganic materials, if a fracture exists in the first barrier structure 200, the first planarization layer 810 can effectively prevent the fracture from extending to the third barrier structure 700 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100. Conversely, if a fracture exists in the third barrier structure 700, the first planarization layer 810 can effectively prevent the fracture from extending to the first barrier structure 200 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100. Furthermore, the first planarization layer 810 can effectively cover particles or burrs on the surfaces of the first barrier structure 200 and the third barrier structure 700, further reducing the risk of fracture of the first barrier structure 200 and the third barrier structure 700.

[0110] Optionally, the first planarization layer 810 includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal and polyimide; Optionally, when the third barrier structure 700 is a multilayer structure, the solar cell module further includes: a second planarization layer located between adjacent third barrier structures 700; effectively preventing the breakage of the third barrier structure 700.

[0111] Optionally, the second planarization layer includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide.

[0112] Optionally, the thickness of the third barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm, for example, it can be 50 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.8 μm, or 2 μm. Therefore, the thickness of the third barrier structure 700 is relatively thin, resulting in greater flexibility of the solar cell module.

[0113] It is understood that the materials of the first barrier structure 200 and the third barrier structure 700 can be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the first barrier structure 200 and the third barrier structure 700 are the same, which results in stronger bonding and stronger ability to block water and oxygen.

[0114] For example, the third barrier structure 700 can be prepared by chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition.

[0115] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 16 The solar cell module also includes: a fourth barrier structure 900, at least partially located on the side of the second barrier structure 400 facing away from the substrate 100; and a third planarization layer 820 located between the second barrier structure 400 and the fourth barrier structure 900. It is understood that when the fourth barrier structure 900 and the second barrier structure 400 are inorganic materials, if a fracture exists in the second barrier structure 400, the third planarization layer 820 can effectively prevent the fracture from extending to the fourth barrier structure 900 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100. Conversely, if a fracture exists in the fourth barrier structure 900, the third planarization layer 820 can effectively prevent the fracture from extending to the second barrier structure 400 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100. Furthermore, the third planarization layer 820 can effectively cover particles or burrs on the surfaces of the fourth barrier structure 900 and the second barrier structure 400, further reducing the risk of fracture of the fourth barrier structure 900 and the second barrier structure 400.

[0116] Optionally, the fourth barrier structure 900 may be made of a fourth inorganic material.

[0117] Optionally, the density of the fourth barrier structure 900 is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 For example, it can be 2.15 g / cm³. 3 2.4g / cm 3 2.6g / cm 3 2.8g / cm 3 3.0g / cm 3 3.2g / cm 3 3.4g / cm 3 3.45g / cm 3 Therefore, the fourth barrier structure 900 is relatively thin, making the solar cell module more flexible.

[0118] Optionally, the fourth inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0119] It is understood that the materials of the fourth barrier structure 900 and the second barrier structure 400 can be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the fourth barrier structure 900 and the second barrier structure 400 are the same, which results in stronger bonding and stronger ability to block water and oxygen.

[0120] Optionally, the third planarization layer 820 includes at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide.

[0121] Optionally, the thickness of the fourth barrier structure 900 is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm, for example, it can be 50 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.4 μm, 1.6 μm, 1.8 μm, or 2 μm. Therefore, the thickness of the fourth barrier structure 900 is relatively thin, resulting in greater flexibility of the solar cell module.

[0122] For example, the fourth barrier structure 900 can be prepared by atomic layer deposition.

[0123] In one embodiment, at least a portion of the third planarization layer 820 is located on the side of the first barrier portion 410 away from the substrate 100.

[0124] Optionally, the fourth barrier structure 900 includes a ninth barrier portion 910 and a tenth barrier portion 920. The ninth barrier portion 910 is located on the side of the third planarization layer 820 away from the substrate 100, and the tenth barrier portion 920 is located on the periphery of the third planarization layer 820, and the tenth barrier portion 920 is in close contact with the second barrier portion 420.

[0125] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the fourth barrier structure 900 onto the substrate 100 lies within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure 400 onto the substrate 100. This does not increase the bezel width of the solar cell module and improves the encapsulation effect of the solar cell module.

[0126] Optionally, refer to Figure 17 The battery cell 510 includes an effective region AA and a dead region NA, with the dead region NA having a groove 510a. The second barrier structure 400 also includes an eleventh barrier portion 430, which extends into the groove 510a and is connected to the first barrier portion 410. It can be understood that when the second barrier structure 400 is fabricated using the ALD method, due to the conformal properties of ALD, the first barrier portion 410 in the second barrier structure 400 is located on the side of the battery cell group 500 facing away from the substrate 100, and the eleventh barrier portion 430 extends into the groove 510a, which helps to improve the encapsulation effect of the second barrier structure 400.

[0127] It is understandable that adjacent battery cells are separated by grooves 510a.

[0128] Optionally, a portion of the third planarization layer 820 fills the groove 510a. It is understood that the surface of the third planarization layer 820 facing away from the substrate 100 is parallel to the substrate 100.

[0129] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 18 The solar cell module also includes: a sealant 1000 located on the side of the second barrier structure 400 away from the substrate 100, the sealant 1000 covering the second barrier structure 400, a portion of the first electrode lead-out structure 310, a portion of the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and a portion of the first barrier structure 200.

[0130] For example, the sealant 1000 may be made of at least one of polyolefin elastomer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and epoxy resin.

[0131] It is understood that the sealant 1000 may also cover at least part of the first busbar structure 610 and the second busbar structure 620, and the first busbar structure 610 and the second busbar structure 620 extending out of the substrate 100 are not covered by the sealant 100.

[0132] Optionally, the solar cell module also includes a cover plate 1100 located on the side of the sealant 1000 facing away from the substrate 100.

[0133] A second aspect of this application provides a solar cell module, including: a substrate 100, a first barrier structure 200, a first electrode lead-out structure 310, a second electrode lead-out structure 320, a second barrier structure 400, and a cell cell group 500.

[0134] Optionally, the first barrier structure 200 is located on one side of the substrate 100. The first barrier structure 200 can be consistent with the previous description, and will not be repeated here.

[0135] Optionally, the battery cell group 500 is located on the side of the first barrier structure 200 facing away from the substrate 100. The battery cell group 500 includes at least one battery cell 510. The battery cell 510 includes a first electrode 511, a functional layer 512, and a second electrode 513 stacked sequentially. The functional layer 512 is located on the side of the first electrode 511 facing away from the substrate 100. The battery cell group 500 can be consistent with the previous description, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0136] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 is located on the side of the first barrier structure 200 facing away from the substrate 100; the first electrode 511 of at least one battery cell 510 is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure 310. The first electrode lead-out structure 310 can be consistent with the previous description, and will not be described in detail here.

[0137] Optionally, the second electrode lead-out structure 320 is located on the side of the first barrier structure 200 facing away from the substrate 100, and the first electrode lead-out structure 310 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 are located on opposite sides of the battery cell group 500; the second electrode 513 of at least one battery cell 510 is led out through the second electrode lead-out structure 320. The second electrode lead-out structure 320 can be consistent with the previous description, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0138] Optionally, the second barrier structure 400 is at least partially located on the side of the battery cell group 500 facing away from the substrate 100. Around the periphery of the battery cell group 500, the second barrier structure 400 extends towards the substrate 100 until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure 310, the second electrode lead-out structure 320, and the first barrier structure 200. The second barrier structure 400 can be consistent with the previous description and will not be elaborated further here.

[0139] The second barrier structure 400 extends toward the substrate 100 until it comes into close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure 310, the second electrode lead-out structure 320 and the first barrier structure 200 to form a sealed space a.

[0140] In one embodiment, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 extends out of the second barrier structure 400, and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 extends out of the second barrier structure 400; the first electrode lead-out structure 310 is partially located outside the sealed space a, and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 is partially located outside the sealed space a.

[0141] Optionally, the solar cell module further includes a first busbar structure 610 electrically connected to a first electrode lead-out structure 310 extending from the second barrier structure 400. Thus, the electrical connection between the first busbar structure 610 and the first electrode lead-out structure 310 does not affect the sealing performance of the enclosed space a.

[0142] Optionally, the first bus structure 610 is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure 310 away from the substrate 100; for example, along a direction parallel to the substrate 100, the first bus structure 610 is located on the side of the second barrier structure 400 away from the sealed space a.

[0143] Optionally, the solar cell module further includes a second busbar structure 620 electrically connected to a second electrode lead-out structure 320 extending from the second barrier structure 400. Thus, the electrical connection between the second busbar structure 620 and the second electrode lead-out structure 320 does not affect the sealing performance of the enclosed space a.

[0144] Optionally, the second bus structure 620 is located on the side of the second electrode lead-out structure 320 away from the substrate 100; for example, along a direction parallel to the substrate 100, the second bus structure 620 is located on the side of the second barrier structure 400 away from the sealed space a.

[0145] Optionally, refer to Figure 13 or Figure 14 The first bus structure 610 extends along the second direction Y and extends beyond the substrate 100, and the second bus structure 620 extends along the second direction Y and extends beyond the substrate 100. For example, referring to... Figure 13 On the same side of substrate 100, a first bus structure 610 extends out of substrate 100, and a second bus structure 620 extends out of substrate 100. For example, see reference... Figure 14 On opposite sides of the substrate 100, a first busbar structure 610 extends out of the substrate 100, and a second busbar structure 620 extends out of the substrate 100.

[0146] In one embodiment, the material of the first barrier structure 200 includes a first inorganic material, thereby the first barrier structure 200 has a strong ability to block water and oxygen.

[0147] Optionally, the density of the first barrier structure 200 is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 For example, it can be 2.15 g / cm³. 3 2.4g / cm 3 2.6g / cm 3 2.8g / cm 3 3.0g / cm 3 3.2g / cm 3 3.4g / cm 3 3.45g / cm 3 Therefore, the first barrier structure 200 has a high density, which is beneficial to further enhance the ability of the first barrier structure 200 to block water and oxygen.

[0148] Optionally, the first inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride.

[0149] Optionally, the second barrier structure 400 includes a second inorganic material. Therefore, the second barrier structure 400 has a stronger ability to block water and oxygen.

[0150] Optionally, the density of the second barrier structure 400 is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 For example, it can be 2.15 g / cm³. 3 2.4g / cm 3 2.6g / cm 3 2.8g / cm 3 3.0g / cm 3 3.2g / cm 33.4g / cm 3 3.45g / cm 3 Therefore, the second barrier structure 400 has a higher density, which is beneficial to further enhance the ability of the second barrier structure 400 to block water and oxygen.

[0151] Optionally, the second inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride. Therefore, the inorganic second barrier structure 400 has a stronger bonding ability with the first electrode lead structure 310 and the second electrode lead structure 320, which are made of transparent conductive oxides, resulting in a superior encapsulation effect.

[0152] Optionally, the first electrode lead-out structure 310 includes a transparent conductive oxide, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure 320 includes a transparent conductive oxide. Thus, the transparent conductive oxide has a stronger bonding ability with the inorganic first barrier structure 200 and the inorganic second barrier structure 400, resulting in a superior encapsulation effect.

[0153] Alternatively, the transparent conductive oxide includes at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0154] It should be noted that this embodiment can be combined with the embodiments described above in whole or in part, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0155] The third aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, referring to... Figure 19 The diagram shows a process flow chart for the fabrication of a solar cell module. The fabrication process for a solar cell module includes the following steps.

[0156] S110: A first barrier structure is prepared on one side of the substrate.

[0157] In one embodiment, the method for fabricating the first barrier structure on one side of the substrate includes at least one of chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition.

[0158] It should be noted that the first barrier structure is consistent with the previous description, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0159] S120: A plurality of first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures and second electrode lead-out structures are prepared on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate.

[0160] In this configuration, multiple first electrodes are located between the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure, and the first electrode lead-out structure is electrically connected to at least one first electrode.

[0161] For example, fabricating a plurality of first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures and second electrode lead-out structures on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate includes: fabricating a first electrode material layer on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate, and performing patterning processing on the first electrode material layer to obtain a plurality of first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures and second electrode lead-out structures.

[0162] For example, laser etching can be used to pattern the first electrode material layer.

[0163] It should be noted that the first electrode material layer can be prepared by sputtering or vapor deposition, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0164] S130: A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate.

[0165] For example, the functional material layer has scribed grooves, which are prepared by laser etching.

[0166] S140: Prepare a second electrode material layer on the side of the functional material layer away from the substrate.

[0167] It should be noted that the second electrode material layer can be prepared by sputtering or vapor deposition, which will not be elaborated on here.

[0168] S150: The second electrode material layer and the functional material layer are patterned to obtain a functional layer and multiple second electrodes; at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure.

[0169] It is understandable that laser etching is used to pattern the second electrode material layer and the functional material layer to obtain the grooves. The grooves are consistent with the previous description and will not be elaborated further here.

[0170] Optionally, after patterning the second electrode material layer and the functional material layer, before fabricating the second barrier structure on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate, the method further includes: cleaning the surface of the first electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space away from the substrate, and cleaning the surface of the second electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space away from the substrate.

[0171] Optionally, a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the first electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate, and a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the second electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate.

[0172] S160: A second barrier structure is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate.

[0173] In this configuration, at least a portion of the second barrier structure is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure, and the first barrier structure.

[0174] Optionally, the method for fabricating the second barrier structure on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate includes atomic layer deposition.

[0175] It should be noted that this embodiment can be combined with the embodiments described above in whole or in part, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0176] The fourth aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a solar cell module, referring to... Figure 20 The diagram shows a process flow chart for the fabrication of a solar cell module. The fabrication process for a solar cell module includes the following steps.

[0177] S210: A first barrier structure is prepared on one side of the substrate.

[0178] It should be noted that the first barrier structure is consistent with the previous description, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0179] S220: A plurality of first electrodes and a first electrode lead-out structure are prepared on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate; the plurality of first electrodes are located on the same side of the first electrode lead-out structure, and the first electrode lead-out structure is electrically connected to at least one first electrode.

[0180] For example, fabricating a plurality of first electrodes and first electrode lead-out structures on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate includes: fabricating a first electrode material layer on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate, and patterning the first electrode material layer to obtain a plurality of first electrodes and first electrode lead-out structures. In this case, the first electrodes and first electrode lead-out structures are disposed in the same layer.

[0181] For example, laser etching can be used to pattern the first electrode material layer.

[0182] For example, a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the first electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate.

[0183] It should be noted that the first electrode material layer can be prepared by sputtering or vapor deposition, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0184] S230: A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate.

[0185] S240: A second electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the functional material layer that is away from the substrate.

[0186] It should be noted that the functional material layer and the second electrode material layer are consistent with the previous description, and will not be repeated here.

[0187] S250: The second electrode material layer and the functional material layer are patterned to obtain a functional layer, multiple second electrodes and second electrode lead-out structures; at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure.

[0188] At this point, the second electrode and the second electrode lead-out structure are arranged in the same layer.

[0189] S260: A second barrier structure is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate.

[0190] In this configuration, at least a portion of the second barrier structure is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure, and the first barrier structure.

[0191] It should be noted that the second barrier structure is consistent with the previous description, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0192] It should be noted that this embodiment can be combined with the embodiments described above in whole or in part, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0193] The fifth aspect of this application provides a solar cell, including the aforementioned solar cell module, or a solar cell module prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.

[0194] It should be noted that, in addition to the aforementioned solar cell modules, solar cells may also include the structures that conventional solar cells should have, such as support structures, which will not be elaborated on further here.

[0195] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0196] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, include: Substrate; A first barrier structure is located on one side of the substrate; The first electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure that is away from the substrate; The second electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate, and the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure are arranged at intervals. The second barrier structure is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate. The first barrier structure, the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the second barrier structure together enclose a sealed space. A battery cell assembly is located within the sealed space. The battery cell assembly includes at least one battery cell. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer is located on the side of the first electrode facing away from the substrate. The first electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure, and the second electrode of at least one battery cell is led out through the second electrode lead-out structure.

2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the first barrier structure includes a first inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the first barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the first inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the second barrier structure comprises a second inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the second barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the second inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide; Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide includes at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and indium zinc oxide; Preferably, the thickness of the first barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm; And / or, the thickness of the second barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

3. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthogonal projection of the battery cell onto the substrate is located within the orthogonal projection range of the first barrier structure onto the substrate; Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure includes a first part and a second part, wherein the orthographic projection of the first part on the substrate is within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the second part on the substrate is outside the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate; Preferably, the first electrode of at least one of the battery cells is electrically connected to the first part; Preferably, the second electrode lead-out structure includes a third part and a fourth part, wherein the orthographic projection of the third part on the substrate is within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of the fourth part on the substrate is outside the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure on the substrate; Preferably, the second electrode of at least one of the battery cells is led out through the third part; Preferably, in the first direction, the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure are located on opposite sides of the battery cell group, and the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure extend along the second direction, the first direction intersecting the second direction.

4. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one of the battery cells is connected in series; Along the direction of current flow, the first electrode of the first-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the first part, and the second electrode of the last-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the third part; or, the first electrode of the first-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the first part, and the first electrode of the last-stage battery cell is electrically connected to the third part. Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode; and / or, the second electrode lead-out structure is disposed in the same layer as the first electrode; and / or, the second electrode lead-out structure is disposed in the same layer as the second electrode. Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure is made of the same material as the first electrode, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure is made of the same material as the first electrode; Preferably, the second electrode of the last stage battery cell extends toward the substrate to be electrically connected to the third part.

5. The solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least one of the battery cells is connected in parallel, the first electrode of each battery cell is electrically connected to the first part, and the second electrode of each battery cell is electrically connected to the third part; Preferably, the second electrode of the battery cell extends toward the substrate to be electrically connected to the third part.

6. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second barrier structure includes a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate, and the second barrier portion is located on the periphery of the battery cell group. The second barrier portion is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion includes a first barrier sub-portion and a second barrier sub-portion connected to each other. The first barrier sub-portion is connected to the first barrier portion and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The second barrier sub-portion and the first barrier portion are connected through the first barrier sub-portion. The second barrier sub-portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate. The second barrier sub-portion is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure. Preferably, the second electrode includes a first electrode portion, a second electrode portion, and a third electrode portion connected in sequence. The first electrode portion is located on the side of the functional layer away from the substrate, the second electrode portion is located on the side of the functional layer away from the first barrier portion, the second electrode portion extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the third electrode portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate, and the third electrode portion is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion further includes a third barrier sub-portion, a fourth barrier sub-portion, and a fifth barrier sub-portion connected in sequence. The third barrier sub-portion is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the second electrode portion, the fourth barrier sub-portion is located on the side of the third electrode portion away from the substrate, and the fifth barrier sub-portion is located on the side of the third electrode portion away from the first barrier sub-portion. The fifth barrier sub-portion is in close contact with the second electrode lead-out structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion further includes a sixth barrier sub-portion located on the side of the fifth barrier sub-portion away from the third electrode portion, the sixth barrier sub-portion extending in a direction parallel to the substrate, and the sixth barrier sub-portion being in close contact with the second electrode lead-out structure.

7. The solar cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second barrier portion further includes a seventh barrier sub-portion, which is located on the periphery of the battery cell group. The seventh barrier sub-portion is connected to the first barrier portion and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The seventh barrier sub-portion is in close contact with the first barrier structure. Preferably, the second barrier portion further includes an eighth barrier sub-portion, which is connected to the first barrier portion through the seventh barrier sub-portion. The eighth barrier sub-portion extends in a direction parallel to the substrate and is in close contact with the first barrier structure.

8. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The first bus structure is electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out structure; the first bus structure is located outside the enclosed space. Preferably, the first bus structure is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate; Preferably, along a direction parallel to the substrate, the first busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the enclosed space; Preferably, the first busbar structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate.

9. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second bus structure is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure; The second busbar structure is located outside the enclosed space; Preferably, the second bus structure is located on the side of the second electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate; Preferably, along a direction parallel to the substrate, the second busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the enclosed space; Preferably, the second bus structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate.

10. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one third barrier structure is located between the first barrier structure and the substrate; A first planarization layer is located between the first barrier structure and the third barrier structure; Preferably, the material of the third barrier structure includes a third inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the third barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the third inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the first planarization layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide; Preferably, it further includes: a second planarization layer located between adjacent third barrier structures; Preferably, the second planarization layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide; Preferably, the thickness of the third barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

11. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: a fourth barrier structure, at least partially located on the side of the second barrier structure opposite to the substrate; The third planarization layer is located between the second barrier structure and the fourth barrier structure; Preferably, the material of the fourth barrier structure includes a fourth inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the fourth barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the fourth inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the third planarization layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, glass, metal, and polyimide; Preferably, the thickness of the fourth barrier structure is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 2 μm.

12. The solar cell module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second barrier structure includes a first barrier portion and a second barrier portion. The first barrier portion is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate, and the second barrier portion is located on the periphery of the battery cell group. The second barrier portion is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure. At least a portion of the third planarization layer is located on the side of the first barrier portion away from the substrate; Preferably, the fourth barrier structure includes a ninth barrier portion and a tenth barrier portion, the ninth barrier portion being located on the side of the third planarization layer away from the substrate, the tenth barrier portion being located on the periphery of the third planarization layer, and the tenth barrier portion being in close contact with the second barrier portion. Preferably, the orthographic projection of the fourth barrier structure onto the substrate is located within the orthographic projection range of the second barrier structure onto the substrate; Preferably, the battery cell includes an effective area and a dead area, the dead area having a groove; The second barrier structure further includes an eleventh barrier portion, which extends into the groove and is connected to the first barrier portion. Preferably, a portion of the third planarization layer fills the groove.

13. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A sealant is located on the side of the second barrier structure opposite to the substrate, and the sealant covers the second barrier structure, a portion of the first electrode lead-out structure, a portion of the second electrode lead-out structure, and a portion of the first barrier structure. Preferably, it further includes a cover plate located on the side of the sealant away from the substrate.

14. A solar cell module, characterized in that, include: Substrate; A first barrier structure is located on one side of the substrate; A battery cell group is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate. The battery cell group includes at least one battery cell. The battery cell includes a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode stacked in sequence. The functional layer is located on the side of the first electrode away from the substrate. A first electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure opposite to the substrate; the first electrode of at least one of the battery cells is led out through the first electrode lead-out structure; The second electrode lead-out structure is located on the side of the first barrier structure away from the substrate, and the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure are located on opposite sides of the battery cell group; At least one of the battery cells has its second electrode led out through a second electrode lead-out structure; The second barrier structure is at least partially located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate to be in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure.

15. The solar cell module according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first electrode lead-out structure extends out of the second barrier structure, and the second electrode lead-out structure extends out of the second barrier structure; Preferably, it further includes: a first bus structure electrically connected to the first electrode lead-out structure extending out of the second barrier structure; Preferably, the first bus structure is located on the side of the first electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate; Preferably, along a direction parallel to the substrate, the first busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the battery cell group; Preferably, the first busbar structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate; Preferably, it further includes: a second bus structure electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure extending out of the second barrier structure; Preferably, the second bus structure is located on the side of the second electrode lead-out structure that is away from the substrate; Preferably, along a direction parallel to the substrate, the second busbar structure is located on the side of the second barrier structure away from the battery cell group; Preferably, the second bus structure extends along the second direction and protrudes from the substrate.

16. The solar cell module according to claim 14, characterized in that, The material of the first barrier structure includes a first inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the first barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the first inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the second barrier structure comprises a second inorganic material; Preferably, the density of the second barrier structure is greater than or equal to 2.15 g / cm³. 3 And less than or equal to 3.45 g / cm³ 3 ; Preferably, the second inorganic material includes at least one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxynitride; Preferably, the first electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide, and / or the second electrode lead-out structure comprises a transparent conductive oxide; Preferably, the transparent conductive oxide includes at least one of fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and indium zinc oxide.

17. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that, include: A first barrier structure is fabricated on one side of the substrate; A plurality of first electrodes, a first electrode lead-out structure, and a second electrode lead-out structure are fabricated on the side of the first barrier structure opposite to the substrate; the plurality of first electrodes are located between the first electrode lead-out structure and the second electrode lead-out structure, and the first electrode lead-out structure is electrically connected to at least one first electrode; A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode opposite to the substrate; A second electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the functional material layer opposite to the substrate; The second electrode material layer and the functional material layer are patterned to obtain a functional layer and multiple second electrodes, thus obtaining a battery cell group; at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure. A second barrier structure is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. At least a portion of the second barrier structure is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate until it is in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure. The first barrier structure, the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the second barrier structure together enclose a sealed space.

18. The preparation method according to claim 17, characterized in that, Methods for fabricating a first barrier structure on one side of a substrate include at least one of chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition; Preferably, the method for fabricating the second barrier structure on the side of the second electrode opposite to the substrate includes atomic layer deposition; Preferably, the fabrication of a plurality of first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures, and second electrode lead-out structures on the side of the first barrier structure facing away from the substrate includes: A first electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the first barrier structure opposite to the substrate; The first electrode material layer is patterned to obtain multiple first electrodes, first electrode lead-out structures, and second electrode lead-out structures; Preferably, the first electrode material layer is patterned using a laser etching process; Preferably, after patterning the second electrode material layer and the functional material layer, before fabricating the second barrier structure on the side of the second electrode facing away from the substrate, the process further includes: The surface of the first electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate is cleaned, and the surface of the second electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate is cleaned. Preferably, a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the first electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate; Preferably, a laser etching process is used to clean the surface of the second electrode lead-out structure located outside the sealed space that is away from the substrate.

19. A method for preparing a solar cell module, characterized in that, include: A first barrier structure is fabricated on one side of the substrate; A plurality of first electrodes and first electrode lead-out structures are fabricated on the side of the first barrier structure opposite to the substrate; Multiple first electrodes are located on the same side of the first electrode lead-out structure, and the first electrode lead-out structure is electrically connected to at least one first electrode; A functional material layer is prepared on the side of the first electrode opposite to the substrate; A second electrode material layer is prepared on the side of the functional material layer opposite to the substrate; The second electrode material layer and the functional material layer are patterned to obtain a functional layer, multiple second electrodes, and second electrode lead-out structures, thus obtaining a battery cell group; at least one second electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode lead-out structure. A second barrier structure is prepared on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. At least a portion of the second barrier structure is located on the side of the battery cell group away from the substrate. On the periphery of the battery cell group, the second barrier structure extends toward the substrate to be in close contact with the first electrode lead-out structure, the second electrode lead-out structure and the first barrier structure.

20. A solar cell, characterized in that, The solar cell module includes any one of claims 1 to 16, or the solar cell module prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 17 to 19.

Images