Wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery system

Abstract

The invention discloses a wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery system which comprises a multi-layer wetland substrate module which sequentially comprises an upper substrate, a middle substrate and a lower substrate from the surface layer to the deep layer, and a microbial fuel cell module which comprises an anode chamber embedded in the lower substrate, a proton exchange membrane for vertically isolating an anode and an open water area cathode chamber, wherein a magnesium source slow-release plate is arranged in the open water area cathode chamber, and the regulation and control system comprises low-power-consumption sensors which are arranged on all layers of substrates and are used for monitoring water quality parameters and microbial activity in real time; the edge computing node is used for dynamically regulating and controlling the matrix porosity, the working mode of the microbial fuel cell module and the intensity of the LED plant growth lamp based on the monitoring data; and a resource recovery module. Through cooperation of the multilayer wetland substrate module, the microbial fuel cell module, the regulation and control system and the resource recovery module, ecological function restoration, greenness, energy conservation, carbon emission reduction and resource circulation are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of constructed wetland technology, and in particular relates to a wetland ecological restoration and resource recycling system. Background Technology

[0002] Constructed wetlands are wastewater treatment and ecological restoration systems that are artificially designed and built to simulate the ecological functions of natural wetlands. They combine the principles of engineering, ecology, and hydrology, utilizing the synergistic effects of plants, microorganisms, and substrates to purify water while providing ecosystem services.

[0003] Currently, constructed wetlands generally face the dual dilemma of weak ecological restoration efficiency and broken resource recycling chains: In terms of ecological function, homogeneous substrates and single plant configurations lead to low microbial diversity, incomplete food chains, weak system resistance to disturbance, and functional degradation due to substrate saturation and microbial inactivation after long-term operation; In terms of resource utilization, nitrogen and phosphorus escape through denitrification or are lost with effluent, organic matter sediments are not stabilized, and carbon is lost due to plant biomass incineration and landfill, with a resource recovery rate of less than 15% of the input; The system design lacks flexibility and is difficult to adapt to climate change and pollution load fluctuations. Under extreme hydrological conditions, it is prone to drying up and flooding, and microbial activity drops sharply under sudden pollution shocks, with carbon sequestration capacity far lower than that of natural wetlands.

[0004] Chinese patent CN118619459B discloses a method and system for enhanced nitrogen removal from wastewater treated using constructed wetlands. The method includes: setting up a denitrification zone and an aerobic carbon reduction zone between the influent and effluent zones of the constructed wetland; the denitrification zone is equipped with a mixed packing layer; diluting anoxic sludge and introducing it into the influent, denitrification, aerobic carbon reduction, and effluent zones of the constructed wetland to achieve a first-stage biofilm formation treatment; introducing wastewater into the influent, denitrification, aerobic carbon reduction, and effluent zones of the constructed wetland to achieve a second-stage biofilm formation treatment; and continuing to introduce wastewater into the influent, denitrification, aerobic carbon reduction, and effluent zones of the constructed wetland until the total nitrogen removal rate in the wastewater meets the standard before discharge. This invention also provides a constructed wetland system. This invention solves the problems of low nitrogen removal efficiency and still high total nitrogen concentration in the effluent from urban wastewater treatment plants using traditional constructed wetlands. However, the issues of ecological restoration and resource recycling have not been resolved.

[0005] Chinese Patent CN103663709B describes a highly efficient phosphorus removal constructed wetland composite substrate, constructed wetland system, and phosphorus removal method. The constructed wetland composite substrate comprises steel slag units and furfural slag units in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 2:1. The steel slag units and furfural slag units are sequentially arranged or mixed to form a composite substrate filler for constructed wetlands, which is then used for efficient phosphorus removal through the constructed wetland system. This invention utilizes a steel slag-furfural slag composite substrate as a composite substrate filler in a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system. This allows for efficient and long-term treatment of phosphorus-containing wastewater. The substrate in this constructed wetland system is not easily clogged, enabling wastewater treatment from waste, significantly reducing wastewater treatment costs, and achieving a balance of social, economic, and environmental benefits.

[0006] Chinese Patent CN119569241B discloses a three-dimensional constructed wetland device, comprising several sets of constructed wetland modules arranged vertically. Each set of constructed wetland modules includes two constructed wetland tanks, designated as a first constructed wetland tank and a second constructed wetland tank. The first and second constructed wetland tanks are arranged in a stepped manner, with the first constructed wetland tank being higher than the second constructed wetland tank. Both the first and second constructed wetland tanks include an outer frame and a packing frame. The packing frames inside the first and second constructed wetland tanks are inclined in opposite directions within their respective outer frames. This device achieves three-dimensional water treatment. Each set of constructed wetland modules includes two constructed wetland tanks arranged in a stepped manner at different heights. In conjunction with the inlet, outlet, and packing frame, it achieves its own subsurface filtration while simultaneously guiding surface water flow from the first constructed wetland tank to the second constructed wetland tank in an S-shaped flow pattern.

[0007] However, existing technologies cannot solve the problems of weak ecological restoration efficiency and broken resource recycling chains. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to propose a wetland ecological restoration and resource recycling system to address the problems of weak ecological restoration efficiency and broken resource recycling chains that existing technologies cannot solve.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a wetland ecological restoration and resource recycling system, comprising:

[0010] The multi-layered wetland substrate module consists of an upper substrate, a middle substrate, and a lower substrate, arranged sequentially from the surface to the deepest layers.

[0011] A microbial fuel cell module includes an anode chamber embedded in the lower matrix, a proton exchange membrane that vertically isolates the anode, and an open water cathode chamber, wherein a magnesium source slow-release plate is disposed in the open water cathode chamber;

[0012] The control system includes:

[0013] Low-power sensors deployed in each layer of the matrix monitor water quality parameters and microbial activity in real time;

[0014] Edge computing nodes dynamically adjust matrix porosity, microbial fuel cell module operating mode, and LED plant growth light intensity based on monitoring data;

[0015] And a resource recovery module, used to recover solid nutrient precipitates and bottom sediments from the reaction products in the cathode chamber.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The upper matrix is ​​composed of hydrophobic bioplastics and magnetic nanoparticles, and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions in wetlands, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are Fe3O4.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] The middle matrix has a porous structure and contains pre-inoculated microbial gel microspheres, which are at least one of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, or electroactive microorganisms.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] The lower matrix is ​​supported by a nickel-titanium alloy skeleton, and its porosity is adjusted by electrical stimulation to optimize water flow and oxygen distribution.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The magnesium source slow-release plate has a porous plate structure with a porosity of 40-60%. The surface of the magnesium source slow-release plate is coated with a sodium alginate composite coating to control the magnesium ion release rate.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0025] It also includes a plant layer and a surface water layer, the roots of which extend into the middle substrate, and the LED plant growth lights are located on the surface water layer to provide supplemental lighting at night and promote plant photosynthesis.

[0026] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0027] When the sensor detects that the dissolved oxygen concentration is below 2 mg / L, it triggers the shrinkage of the nickel-titanium alloy skeleton to increase the matrix porosity, and at the same time activates the LED growth lamp for emergency supplemental lighting.

[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] 1. In this invention, the vertical coupling design of a biomimetic multi-level wetland matrix module and a microbial fuel cell module (MFC) achieves synergistic effects of hydrological regulation, water purification, energy recovery, and resource utilization: the matrix layer utilizes magnetic nanoparticles to efficiently adsorb heavy metals, the porous structure of the middle matrix promotes microbial degradation, and the porosity is dynamically adjusted by a nickel-titanium alloy skeleton, significantly improving the wetland's nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency; the MFC unit converts chemical energy into electrical energy to power the Internet of Things sensor network, forming a self-driven monitoring system, while the resource recovery module is used to recover solid nutrient precipitates and bottom sediments from the cathode chamber reaction products; the bottom sediments produce clean gaseous energy after anaerobic conversion; the regulation system dynamically optimizes matrix permeability, water flow velocity, and light cycle based on real-time water quality data and edge computing, enabling the system to maintain stable operation even when dealing with seasonal water quality fluctuations, ultimately achieving multiple goals of wetland ecological function restoration, green energy saving, carbon emission reduction, and resource recycling, with a comprehensive benefit improvement of more than 40% compared to traditional artificial wetlands.

[0030] 2. In this invention, the electrical energy generated by the microbial fuel cell module (MFC) drives the SMA electrical stimulation regulation of the dynamic matrix layer on the one hand, and supplies power to the LED lights in the surface water on the other hand, realizing "energy self-sufficiency and functional linkage". At the same time, the root system of the plant layer provides oxygen / attachment carrier for the microorganisms in the multi-layer matrix layer. The electroactive microorganisms in the MFC anode chamber and the nitrifying bacteria in the matrix layer form a "degradation-conversion" complementarity, realizing green energy saving and environmental protection of wetlands.

[0031] 3. In this invention, a substrate module is laid and native wetland plants are implanted; the MFC unit is activated: the anodic electroactive microorganisms are briefly activated by an external power source, and then switched to a self-powered mode; intelligent control operation: the substrate permeability, water flow rate and light cycle are optimized in real time using an Internet of Things subsystem; resources are collected regularly to achieve ecological restoration and resource recycling. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a modular constructed wetland water quality stabilization system.

[0034] Legend:

[0035] 1-Upper substrate; 2-Middle substrate; 3-Lower substrate; 4-Ni-Ti alloy skeleton; 5-Plant layer; 6-Surface water layer; 7-LED plant growth light. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0038] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0039] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a wetland ecological restoration and resource recycling system, comprising:

[0043] The multi-layered wetland substrate module consists of an upper substrate 1, a middle substrate 2, and a lower substrate 3, arranged sequentially from the surface to the deepest layers.

[0044] The microbial fuel cell module includes an anode chamber embedded in the lower matrix 3, a proton exchange membrane for vertically isolating the anode, and an open water cathode chamber, wherein a magnesium source slow-release plate is disposed in the open water cathode chamber;

[0045] The control system includes:

[0046] Low-power sensors deployed in each layer of the matrix monitor water quality parameters and microbial activity in real time;

[0047] Edge computing nodes dynamically adjust matrix porosity, microbial fuel cell module operating mode, and LED plant growth light intensity based on monitoring data;

[0048] And a resource recovery module, used to recover solid nutrient precipitates and bottom sediments from the reaction products in the cathode chamber.

[0049] The upper matrix 1 is composed of hydrophobic bioplastic and magnetic nanoparticles, and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions in wetlands, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are Fe3O4.

[0050] The middle matrix 2 has a porous structure and contains pre-inoculated microbial gel microspheres, which are at least one of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, or electroactive microorganisms.

[0051] The lower matrix 3 is supported by a nickel-titanium alloy skeleton 4, and the porosity is adjusted by electrical stimulation to optimize water flow and oxygen distribution.

[0052] The magnesium source slow-release plate has a porous plate structure with a porosity of 40-60%. The surface of the magnesium source slow-release plate is coated with a sodium alginate composite coating to control the magnesium ion release rate. The magnesium source slow-release plate regulates the cathode chamber environment by slowly releasing magnesium ions (Mg²⁺), promoting the precipitation or reaction of specific substances.

[0053] It also includes a plant layer 5 and a surface water layer 6. The roots of the plant layer 5 extend to the middle substrate 2. The LED plant growth light 7 is located on the surface water layer 6 and is used for supplemental lighting at night to promote plant photosynthesis.

[0054] When the sensor detects that the dissolved oxygen concentration is below 2 mg / L, it triggers the shrinkage of the nickel-titanium alloy skeleton 4 to increase the matrix porosity, and at the same time, it activates the LED growth lamp for emergency supplemental lighting.

[0055] Working Principle: Through the vertical coupling design of a biomimetic multi-level wetland matrix module and a microbial fuel cell module (MFC), synergistic effects of hydrological regulation, water purification, energy recovery, and resource utilization are achieved. The matrix layer utilizes magnetic nanoparticles to efficiently adsorb heavy metals, the porous structure of the middle matrix promotes microbial degradation, and the porosity is dynamically adjusted by a nickel-titanium alloy skeleton, significantly improving the wetland's nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency. The MFC unit converts chemical energy into electrical energy to power the Internet of Things sensor network, forming a self-driven monitoring system. At the same time, the resource recovery module is used to recover solid nutrient precipitates and bottom sediments from the cathode chamber reaction products. The bottom sediments produce clean gaseous energy after anaerobic conversion. The regulation system dynamically optimizes matrix permeability, water flow velocity, and light cycle based on real-time water quality data and edge computing, so that the system can maintain stable operation when dealing with seasonal water quality fluctuations, ultimately achieving multiple goals of wetland ecological function restoration, green energy saving, carbon emission reduction, and resource recycling.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery system, characterized in that, The application relates to a multi-layer wetland substrate module, a microbial fuel cell module, a regulation system, a resource recycling module and a wetland system. The multi-layer wetland substrate module comprises an upper layer substrate, a middle layer substrate and a lower layer substrate from the surface layer to the deep layer, The microbial fuel cell module comprises an anode chamber embedded in the lower layer substrate, a proton exchange membrane vertically separating the anode and an open water area cathode chamber, wherein a magnesium source slow-release plate is arranged in the open water area cathode chamber. The regulation system comprises: Low-power sensors arranged in each layer of the substrate for real-time monitoring of water quality parameters and microbial activity; An edge computing node for dynamically regulating the substrate porosity, the microbial fuel cell module working mode and the LED plant growth lamp intensity based on the monitoring data; And a resource recycling module for recycling solid nutrient precipitates in the cathode chamber reaction products and bottom sediments.

2. The system for wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper layer substrate is composed of hydrophobic bioplastics and magnetic nanoparticles, and is used for adsorbing heavy metal ions in the wetland, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are Fe3O4.

3. The system for wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery according to claim 2, wherein The middle layer substrate is a porous structure embedded with pre-inoculated microbial gel microspheres, and the microorganisms are at least one of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria or electroactive microorganisms.

4. The system for wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery according to claim 3, wherein The lower layer substrate is supported by a nickel-titanium alloy framework, and the porosity is adjusted by electric stimulation to optimize the distribution of water flow and oxygen.

5. The system for wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnesium source slow-release plate is a porous plate structure with a porosity of 40-60%, and the surface of the magnesium source slow-release plate is coated with a sodium alginate composite coating to control the magnesium ion release rate.

6. The system for wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wetland system further comprises a plant layer and a surface water body layer, the plant layer has root systems extending to the middle layer substrate, and the LED plant growth lamp is arranged on the surface water body layer for night light supplementing and promoting plant photosynthesis.

7. The system for wetland ecological restoration and resource recovery according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the sensor detects that the dissolved oxygen concentration is lower than 2 mg / L, the shape of the nickel-titanium alloy framework is triggered to contract to increase the substrate porosity, and the LED growth lamp is started for emergency light supplementing.

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