Metal working milling machine

Abstract

This application relates to a metal milling machine tool, belonging to the field of machining technology. The machine tool includes a support base, a fixed gantry, a displacement support frame, a displacement clamping member, a rotary clamping member, a vertical displacement assembly, an electric spindle, and a rotary drive assembly. The displacement clamping member allows axial displacement of the rotating shaft, while the rotary clamping member allows rotation of the rotating shaft. The rotary clamping member and the displacement clamping member simultaneously clamp to lock the rotating shaft, and the two work together to achieve shaft fixation and motion control. This application can solve the problems of vibration and machining errors caused by unilateral clamping during the milling of long shaft parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of milling machine tool technology, and in particular to a metal milling machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Metal processing is a core component of modern manufacturing, widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and precision instruments. Shaft parts, as fundamental mechanical components, require casting to form a blank before milling for high-precision surface machining. In existing technologies, milling machine tools generally employ a single-sided clamping structure to fix the rotating workpiece. A gantry supports the electric spindle, driving the milling cutter head for vertical feed. Simultaneously, a displacement support frame achieves axial positioning of the workpiece. This solution completes basic machining operations such as surface milling, grooving, and drilling of shaft parts through the coordination of mechanical clamping and tool displacement.

[0003] However, when machining long shaft parts, the single-sided clamping structure results in an excessively long workpiece cantilever, which can lead to insufficient dynamic stability during milling and affect the consistency of machining accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a metal milling machine tool to solve the technical problem that "when machining long shaft parts, the single-sided clamping structure causes the workpiece to be too long, which easily leads to insufficient dynamic stability during the milling process and affects the consistency of machining accuracy".

[0005] This application provides a metal milling machine tool with the following technical solution: A metal milling machine tool includes a support base, a fixed gantry mounted on the support base, a pair of displacement support frames mounted on the support base, the displacement support frames being located on both sides of the gantry, displacement clamping members mounted on the displacement support frames, and rotary clamping members mounted on the displacement support frames. When the displacement clamping members clamp a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft can be displaced axially. When the rotary clamping members clamp the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft can rotate. The displacement clamping members and the rotary clamping members clamp simultaneously to fix the rotating shaft. A vertical displacement assembly is mounted on the fixed gantry, an electric spindle is mounted on the vertical displacement assembly, a milling cutter head is mounted on the electric spindle, and a rotary drive assembly is mounted on the displacement support frames. The displacement clamping members and the rotary clamping members are mounted at both ends of the rotary drive assembly. The displacement clamping members, the rotary clamping members, and the displacement support frames cooperate to control the displacement and rotation of the rotating shaft.

[0006] Optionally, the rotary drive assembly includes a drive base fixed on a displacement support frame. The drive base has a ring-shaped structure and multiple excitation windings are installed on the drive base. A rotating cylinder is installed inside the drive base for the workpiece to pass through. An armature winding is installed on the rotating cylinder. A PWM frequency converter is installed on the displacement support frame. The armature winding and the excitation winding cooperate to control the rotary drive assembly to rotate forward, reverse, and lock. The displacement clamping member and the rotary clamping member are installed at both ends of the rotating cylinder.

[0007] Optionally, multiple electromagnets are provided on the drive base, multiple locking grooves are provided on the rotating cylinder, an annular ring is fixed on the drive base, multiple sliding bolts are slidably installed on the annular ring, the electromagnets control the displacement of the sliding bolts, the electromagnets attract the sliding bolts to separate from the locking grooves when energized, and a magnetic ring is fixed on the rotating cylinder, the magnetic ring attracts the sliding bolts to be stuck in the locking grooves when de-energized.

[0008] Optionally, the displacement clamping member includes a first fixed plate fixed to the end of the rotating cylinder, a first rotating disk rotatably mounted on the first fixed plate, a plurality of first rotating seats mounted on the first rotating disk, a first sliding seat mounted on the first rotating seat, a first sliding rod mounted on the first sliding seat, one end of the first sliding rod rotatably connected to the first fixed plate, and the end of the first sliding rod away from the first fixed plate vertically fixed to a first clamping plate, a plurality of axial rotating wheels mounted on the first clamping plate, and a first lead screw telescopic member mounted on the first fixed plate. The first lead screw telescopic member is used to control the rotation of the first rotating disk, and the axial rotating wheels are in contact with the rotating shaft to limit the axial movement of the rotating shaft.

[0009] Optionally, the rotary clamping component includes a second fixed disk fixed to the end of the rotating cylinder, a second rotating disk rotatably mounted on the second fixed disk, a plurality of second rotating seats mounted on the second rotating disk, a second sliding seat mounted on the second rotating seat, a second sliding rod mounted on the second sliding seat, one end of the second sliding rod rotatably connected to the second fixed disk, and the end of the second sliding rod away from the second fixed disk perpendicularly fixed to a second clamping plate, a plurality of tangential rotating wheels mounted on the second clamping plate, and a second lead screw extension component mounted on the second fixed disk, the second lead screw extension component being used to control the rotation of the second rotating disk; the tangential rotating wheels contact the rotating shaft component, being used to limit the rotation of the rotating shaft component around its axis; the tangential rotating wheels are perpendicular to the axial rotating wheels, and after clamping, they are used to lock the rotating shaft component.

[0010] Optionally, a lateral displacement component is installed on the fixed gantry frame, a milling cutter head is installed on the lateral displacement component, and a stepping rotation control component for controlling the stepping rotation of the milling cutter head is installed on the lateral displacement component. Multiple milling cutters of different types are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the outer edge of the milling cutter head. The milling cutters cooperate with the rotary drive assembly to mill the surface of the rotating shaft. The electric spindle cooperates with the milling head to slot, mill surfaces, and drill holes on the rotating shaft. The milling cutter head and the milling cutters are used to mill the surface of the rotating shaft.

[0011] Optionally, a central shaft is provided at the center of the tangential and axial rotating wheels. A pair of displacement rods are mounted on the central shaft. Limiting gears are provided on both sides of the displacement rods and the tangential and axial rotating wheels. An elongated hole is provided on the first and second clamping plates. The central shaft passes through the elongated hole. A spring is sleeved on the displacement rod. A sliding hole is provided at the upper end of the elongated hole. The displacement rod is inserted into the sliding hole. A shaft sleeve rotatably connected to the central shaft is provided at the end of the displacement rod. Arc-shaped grooves are provided on both sides of the elongated hole. A tooth groove that meshes with the limiting gear is provided on the inner side of the arc-shaped groove. Under the action of clamping force, the displacement rod and the spring control the separation and engagement of the limiting gear and the tooth groove. When the limiting gear and the tooth groove are separated, the tangential and axial rotating wheels can rotate. When the limiting gear and the tooth groove are engaged, the tangential and axial rotating wheels are locked.

[0012] Optionally, the shaft is equipped with a pressure gauge, which is used to determine the extension and retraction length of the spring and the positional relationship between the limiting gear and the tooth groove.

[0013] Optionally, a displacement seat is installed on the displacement support frame, a sliding support seat is provided on the support base, a slide rail is installed on the sliding support seat, a rack is installed on the sliding support seat, a displacement drive motor is installed on the displacement drive motor, a drive gear meshing with the rack is installed on the displacement seat, a pusher plate is installed on the lower side of the displacement seat, the pusher plate has a V-shaped structure, the outer wall of the pusher plate is in contact with the inner wall of the V-shaped receiving groove, and the pusher plate is used to scrape iron filings into the iron filings collection groove.

[0014] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] 1. This application provides a metal milling machine tool. This solution achieves the separation of axial displacement control and rotation control of the rotating shaft through the collaborative design of displacement clamping and rotary clamping. When the displacement clamping clamps the rotating shaft, it allows the rotating shaft to move along the central axial direction, thereby adapting to the axial feed requirements during the machining process. When the rotary clamping clamps the rotating shaft, it allows the rotating shaft to rotate, ensuring the circumferential motion freedom of the rotating shaft during milling. When the displacement clamping and rotary clamping are clamped simultaneously, the rotating shaft is fixed, eliminating the source of machining vibration.

[0016] 2. Based on this, the displacement clamping component and the rotary clamping component are installed at both ends of the rotary drive assembly. The rotary drive assembly controls the rotational movement of the rotating shaft component through the cooperation of the drive seat, the excitation winding and the armature winding, so that the rotating shaft component maintains stable rotation during the milling process;

[0017] 3. The vertical displacement component adjusts the height of the electric spindle to match the machining requirements of different depths. The electric spindle drives the milling cutter head to perform grooving, milling and drilling operations.

[0018] 4. This design improves the cantilever vibration problem during the machining of long shaft parts. The symmetrical layout of the double-sided displacement support frame balances the force on the workpiece, and the integrated structure of the displacement support frame and the rotary drive component improves the clamping stiffness, ultimately achieving high-precision milling. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drive seat structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cylinder structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement clamping component structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating clamping component structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first clamping plate structure in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second clamping plate structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft and cylinder structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 This is for Figure 8 A magnified structural diagram of point A;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the support base structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the displacement seat and the sliding support seat according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] In the diagram, 1. Support base; 11. V-shaped receiving groove; 12. Push plate; 13. Iron filings collection groove; 2. Fixed gantry frame; 3. Displacement support frame; 31. Displacement seat; 32. Sliding support seat; 33. Displacement slide rail; 34. Rack; 35. Displacement drive motor; 36. Drive gear; 4. Displacement clamping component; 41. First fixed plate; 42. First rotating plate; 44. First sliding seat; 45. First sliding rod; 46. First clamping plate; 47. Axial rotating wheel; 48. First lead screw telescopic component; 481. Pressure gauge; 5. Rotary clamping component; 51. Second fixed plate; 52. Second rotating plate; 54. Second sliding seat; 55. Second sliding rod; 56. Second clamping plate. 57. Tightening plate; 570. Tangential roller; 571. Central shaft; 572. Limit gear; 573. Displacement rod; 574. Long slot; 575. Sliding hole; 576. Shaft cylinder; 577. Arc groove; 578. Tooth groove; 58. Second lead screw telescopic component; 6. Up and down displacement assembly; 7. Electric spindle; 8. Rotary drive assembly; 81. Drive seat; 811. Electromagnet; 812. Locking groove; 813. Ring; 815. Sliding bolt; 816. Magnetic ring; 82. Excitation winding; 83. Rotating cylinder; 84. Armature winding; 85. PWM frequency converter; 9. Lateral displacement component; 91. Milling cutter head; 92. Stepper rotation control component; 93. Milling cutter. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 11 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 This application provides a metal milling machine tool, including a support base 1, a fixed gantry 2 mounted on the support base 1, a pair of displacement support frames 3 mounted on the support base 1, the displacement support frames 3 being located on both sides of the gantry, displacement clamping members 4 mounted on the displacement support frames 3, and rotary clamping members 5 mounted on the displacement support frames 3. When the displacement clamping members 4 clamp the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft can be displaced in the axial direction; when the rotary clamping members 5 clamp the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft can rotate; when the displacement clamping members 4 and the rotary clamping members 5 clamp simultaneously, the rotating shaft is fixed. A vertical displacement assembly 6 is mounted on the fixed gantry 2, an electric spindle 7 is mounted on the vertical displacement assembly 6, and a milling cutter head is mounted on the electric spindle 7. A rotary drive assembly 8 is mounted on the displacement support frames 3, and the displacement clamping members 4 and 5 are mounted at both ends of the rotary drive assembly 8. The displacement clamping members 4, 5, and 3 cooperate to control the displacement and rotation of the rotating shaft.

[0034] The support base 1 is an integral cast structure. The upper surface of the support base 1 is provided with a T-slot and a positioning reference surface for installing and fixing the gantry 2 and a pair of displacement support frames 3. The bottom of the support base 1 can be equipped with adjustable anchor bolts and vibration damping pads to adapt to different ground conditions and suppress low-frequency vibration.

[0035] The fixed gantry frame 2 is a welded or integrally cast portal frame structure, with reinforcing ribs at the connection between the crossbeam and the column; the fixed gantry frame 2 is fastened to the support base 1 by high-strength bolts and the positioning pin holes and T-slots.

[0036] The displacement support frame 3 is a pair of symmetrically arranged vertical support structures, slidably mounted on the support base 1. The displacement support frame 3 is located on the left and right sides of the fixed gantry frame 2. The displacement clamping member 4 is used to apply axial limiting clamping force to the rotating shaft workpiece and allows the workpiece to undergo controllable displacement along its own central axis while clamped. An elastic pad can be provided on the clamping surface to avoid damaging the workpiece surface. The rotating clamping member 5 is used to apply circumferential rotational constraint clamping force to the other end of the rotating shaft workpiece and allows the workpiece to rotate freely around its own central axis while clamped. The displacement clamping member 4 and When the rotating clamping components 5 clamp simultaneously, a bidirectional cooperative constraint is formed on both ends of the rotating shaft workpiece: the displacement clamping component 4 provides axial rigid support and retains axial fine adjustment freedom, while the rotating clamping component 5 provides circumferential rotational driving force and retains rotational freedom; the combination of the two constitutes a floating clamping mode of "one end limiting, one end driving", which enables the rotating shaft workpiece to maintain axial stability when subjected to cutting force, effectively suppressing bending deformation and vibration; this cooperative clamping state can be realized by synchronously triggering the clamping signal through the PLC controller, and the clamping timing and pressure threshold can be programmed.

[0037] The vertical displacement assembly 6 is installed below the crossbeam of the fixed gantry 2, and includes a servo motor, a ball screw pair, a linear guide, and a lifting slide. The lifting slide achieves high-precision vertical movement through the cooperation of the slider and the linear guide. The electric spindle 7 is installed on the lifting slide of the vertical displacement assembly 6, and the front flange of the electric spindle 7 is connected to the milling cutter head. The electric spindle 7 has a built-in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor. The cooling method of the electric spindle 7 can be oil cooling or water cooling, and the coolant flow and temperature are regulated by a closed-loop temperature control system.

[0038] The rotary drive assembly 8 is mounted on the displacement support frame 3. The rotary drive assembly 8 is an electromechanical integrated drive unit with three working modes: forward rotation, reverse rotation, and lock-up. The control signal of the rotary drive assembly 8 is output by the CNC system through the PWM frequency converter 85 to achieve wide-range stepless speed regulation and precise start and stop. The rated output torque, zero-speed holding torque, and angular positioning accuracy of the rotary drive assembly 8 meet the multi-process milling requirements of shaft-type parts.

[0039] The displacement clamping component 4 and the rotary clamping component 5 are installed at both ends of the rotary drive assembly 8, that is, fixed to the left and right end faces of the rotary cylinder 83 respectively. This installation method allows them to rotate synchronously with the rotary cylinder 83, thereby maintaining their independent axial / circumferential constraint functions on the workpiece while driving the rotating shaft to rotate. The displacement clamping component 4, the rotary clamping component 5, and the displacement support frame 3 work together to form a displacement-rotation composite motion control system for the rotating shaft.

[0040] When the displacement clamping member 4 and the rotary clamping member 5 on one side of the displacement support frame 3 are activated simultaneously, and only the displacement clamping member 4 is activated on the other side of the displacement support frame 3, the rotating shaft can move in a controlled axial direction, which is suitable for axial segmented milling or length compensation.

[0041] When the displacement clamping member 4 and the rotary clamping member 5 on one side of the displacement support frame 3 are activated simultaneously, and only the rotary clamping member 5 is activated on the other side of the displacement support frame 3, and the rotary drive assembly 8 is activated, the rotating shaft can rotate continuously around the axis. At the same time, the position of the rotating shaft can be controlled by the displacement support frame 3. This is suitable for circumferential contour milling and the clamping position can be adjusted. During the clamping position adjustment process, the offset of the rotating shaft position can be reduced.

[0042] When the displacement clamping parts 4 and the rotary clamping parts 5 on the two displacement support frames 3 are activated simultaneously, the rotary drive assembly 8 is locked, and the rotating shaft is completely locked, which can realize the insertion milling of the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft can be controlled by moving the two displacement support frames 3 to control the milling position.

[0043] When the displacement clamping parts 4 and the rotary clamping parts 5 on the two displacement support frames 3 are started at the same time, the rotary drive assembly 8 is started at the same time, which can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and the milling head and milling cutter 93 can mill the circumference of the rotating shaft.

[0044] During the milling process, the rotating shaft has stable support at both ends, which improves the cantilever vibration problem during the machining of long shaft parts. The symmetrical layout of the double-sided displacement support frame 3 balances the force on the workpiece. The integrated structure of the displacement support frame 3 and the rotary drive component 8 improves the clamping rigidity, ultimately achieving high-precision milling.

[0045] All movements are planned and synchronized by the same CNC system to ensure the coupling accuracy of multi-degree-of-freedom motion.

[0046] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: In the milling process of long shaft-type rotating workpieces, a pair of displacement support frames 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed gantry frame 2. Combined with the differentiated clamping functions of the displacement clamping component 4 and the rotary clamping component 5, and the power output of the rotary drive component 8, the workpiece still has axial displacement freedom and circumferential rotation freedom when clamped at both ends. The upper and lower displacement components 6 drive the electric spindle 7 and the milling cutter head to achieve precise vertical feed. This forms a machining system of "double-sided support - double-directional clamping - multi-dimensional linkage", which significantly reduces cantilever vibration in the machining of slender shafts, improves dimensional accuracy, geometric tolerances and surface quality consistency, and expands the ability of shaft parts to complete multi-process composite machining in one clamping.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 In one alternative embodiment:

[0048] This application also provides a metal milling machine tool. The rotary drive assembly 8 includes a drive base 81 fixed on a displacement support frame 3. The drive base 81 has a ring structure. Multiple excitation windings 82 are installed on the drive base 81. A rotary cylinder 83 is installed inside the drive base 81. The rotary cylinder 83 is used to allow the workpiece to pass through the rotating shaft. An armature winding 84 is installed on the rotary cylinder 83. A PWM frequency converter 85 is installed on the displacement support frame 3. The armature winding 84 and the excitation winding 82 cooperate to control the forward rotation, reverse rotation and locking of the rotary drive assembly 8. The displacement clamping member 4 and the rotary clamping member 5 are installed at both ends of the rotary cylinder 83.

[0049] The drive base 81 is a ring-shaped structure. The ring-shaped body is evenly provided with mounting grooves along the circumference for embedding and fixing the excitation winding 82. The drive base 81 is rigidly connected to the displacement support frame 3 by bolt group. The connection interface is provided with positioning pin hole and stop fit structure to ensure installation coaxiality.

[0050] The excitation winding 82 consists of multiple independently wound copper enameled coils. Each winding is symmetrically arranged around the drive base 81. The number of turns, wire diameter, and insulation class of the winding can be set according to the target magnetic field strength and temperature rise limit. The terminals of each excitation winding 82 are connected to the excitation output channel of the PWM inverter 85, supporting independent phase excitation. The installation position, number of pole pairs, and spatial distribution of the excitation winding 82 form a matching electromagnetic coupling relationship with the armature winding 84 to form an effective rotating magnetic field.

[0051] The rotating cylinder 83 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and its axis coincides with the central axis of the rotating shaft workpiece. The outer wall of the rotating cylinder 83 is provided with an installation plane or keyway structure along the axial direction for fixing the armature winding 84. The two ends of the rotating cylinder 83 are coaxially connected to the installation reference surfaces of the displacement clamping member 4 and the rotating clamping member 5, respectively.

[0052] The armature winding 84 is installed in a pre-set winding slot on the outer wall of the rotating cylinder 83. It consists of a multi-phase distributed winding and together with the excitation winding 82, it forms a brushless DC motor or permanent magnet synchronous motor structure. The number of phases, poles, pitch, and winding method of the armature winding 84 are matched with the output characteristics of the PWM inverter 85, supporting vector control mode. Its lead wires are led out through the wire holes reserved inside the rotating cylinder 83 to the terminal block on the displacement support frame 3. The wire holes are equipped with sealing rings and wear-resistant bushings.

[0053] The armature winding 84 and the excitation winding 82 work together to control the forward, reverse, and lock-up of the rotary drive assembly 8. The working process is as follows: When the shaft needs to be driven to rotate forward, the PWM inverter 85 applies a constant DC excitation current to the excitation winding 82, and at the same time outputs a three-phase sinusoidal PWM voltage with a phase sequence of UVW to the armature winding 84, generating a clockwise electromagnetic torque to drive the rotating drum 83 to rotate forward; when the shaft needs to rotate in reverse, the PWM inverter 85 keeps the excitation unchanged, only switching the output phase sequence of the armature winding 84 to UWV, generating a counterclockwise electromagnetic torque; when the shaft needs to be locked, the PWM inverter 85 cuts off the armature power supply and applies a reverse or zero-sequence current to the excitation winding 82, so that the rotating drum 83 is in a high-damping state.

[0054] The displacement clamping component 4 and the rotary clamping component 5 are installed at both ends of the rotary cylinder 8, with the rotary cylinder 83 as the common reference axis, and are located on its left and right end faces respectively. During installation, coaxiality is ensured by the end face stop and radial positioning pin, and axial positioning is limited by the lock nut or shaft shoulder. Elastic gaskets or disc spring assemblies are provided between the housing of the displacement clamping component 4 and the rotary clamping component 5 and the end flange of the rotary cylinder 83 to absorb assembly stress and compensate for thermal deformation. The connection structure between the two and the rotary cylinder 83 supports quick disassembly and replacement, which is convenient for adapting to different specifications of rotating shaft workpieces. Their installation position, axial spacing and relative angle can be adjusted according to the cantilever length and rigidity requirements of the rotating shaft workpiece.

[0055] Through the above technical solution, this application realizes the modular electromagnetic drive structure design of the rotary drive assembly 8: the drive base 81 provides stable support and magnetic field carrier, the excitation winding 82 and the armature winding 84 constitute an adjustable magnetic field coupling system, the rotating cylinder 83 serves as a shared carrier for power output and workpiece passage, and the PWM frequency converter 85 provides high-precision electronic control capability; the four work together to enable the rotary drive assembly 8 to achieve smooth start and stop, bidirectional speed regulation and dynamic locking of the rotating shaft workpiece without the need for a mechanical transmission chain, which significantly improves the controllability, repeatability and safety of the rotating shaft during milling; at the same time, this structure avoids the gap, wear and vibration problems caused by traditional transmission components such as gearboxes and pulleys, and enhances the stability and maintenance convenience of the whole machine.

[0056] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3In an optional embodiment, this application also provides a plurality of electromagnets 811 provided on the drive base 81, a plurality of locking grooves 812 provided on the rotating cylinder 83, an annular ring 813 fixed on the drive base 81, a plurality of sliding bolts 815 slidably mounted on the annular ring 813, the electromagnets 811 controlling the displacement of the sliding bolts 815, the electromagnets 811 attracting the sliding bolts 815 to separate from the locking grooves 812 when energized, and a magnetic ring 816 fixed on the rotating cylinder 83, the magnetic ring 816 attracting the sliding bolts 815 to be stuck in the locking grooves 812 when de-energized;

[0057] The magnetic ring 816 corresponds to the armature winding 84 and is a permanent magnet, or the armature winding is a permanent magnet. It extends below the locking groove 812 to attract the sliding bolt 815.

[0058] Electromagnet 811 is a DC electromagnet 811, which is evenly distributed around the circumference of the ring structure of the drive base 81. Electromagnet 811 is electrically connected to an external controller through wires and is coordinated with the control signal output by the PWM frequency converter 85 to achieve synchronous response with the operating state of the rotary drive component 8.

[0059] Locking grooves 812 are formed on the outer wall surface of the rotating cylinder 83, and their number corresponds one-to-one with the electromagnets 811. The opening end of the locking groove 812 is chamfered to facilitate the sliding bolt 815 to slide smoothly into and be positioned under the action of the magnetic ring 816.

[0060] The annular ring 813 is a rigid ring made of non-magnetic stainless steel. It is fitted and fixed to the inner circumferential position of the drive seat 81. Its inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rotating cylinder 83 to ensure that the rotating cylinder 83 can rotate without interference in the unlocked state. Multiple guide holes are opened on the annular ring 813 along the circumferential direction to guide the sliding bolt 815 to slide linearly in the radial direction. Low friction bushings are embedded in the guide holes. The low friction bushings are made of copper alloy to reduce the movement resistance of the sliding bolt 815 and extend its service life.

[0061] The sliding bolt 815 is a cylindrical permanent magnet structure. One end of it facing the locking groove 812 is a flat end face, and the other end is arranged opposite to the armature surface of the electromagnet 811. The sliding bolt 815 can slide freely in the radial direction in the guide hole of the annular ring 813, and its maximum extension is constrained by the limiting step.

[0062] The magnetic ring 816 is a ring-shaped neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the rotating cylinder 83, located on one side of the axial direction of the area where the locking groove 812 is located; the magnetization direction of the magnetic ring 816 is radial, with the N pole facing outward and the S pole facing inward; the outer diameter of the magnetic ring 816 is adapted to the inner diameter of the drive seat 81, and the installation position of the magnetic ring 816 enables its magnetic field to effectively cover the entire working area of ​​the sliding bolt 815.

[0063] "Power-off self-locking" refers to the phenomenon where, when the system power supply is interrupted or the control command is revoked, the electromagnet 811 loses power, and its attractive force on the sliding bolt 815 disappears. At this time, the permanent magnet force of the magnetic ring 816 becomes the dominant force, pulling the sliding bolt 815 radially into the locking groove 812, preventing the rotating cylinder 83 from rotating circumferentially relative to the drive seat 81. This locking state does not rely on external energy to maintain. This "power-off self-locking" mechanism, together with the active control function of the electromagnet 811, constitutes an electromagnetic-mechanical composite control structure, which not only meets the flexible start and stop requirements in the processing process, but also provides physical-level safety assurance under abnormal working conditions.

[0064] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: when the rotary drive assembly 8 is in a non-working state or in the event of a sudden power failure, the mechanical locking action is automatically triggered by the permanent magnet attraction between the magnetic ring 816 and the sliding bolt 815, so that the sliding bolt 815 is embedded in the locking groove 812, thereby rigidly restricting the circumferential degree of freedom of the rotating cylinder 83; this action does not rely on the continuous power supply of the control system; at the same time, when the electromagnet 811 is energized, it can actively overcome the attraction of the magnetic ring 816 and smoothly pull the sliding bolt 815 out of the locking groove 812, releasing the lock and ensuring the normal start-stop and speed regulation response of the rotary drive assembly 8.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 In one optional embodiment, this application also provides a metal milling machine tool. The displacement clamping member 4 includes a first fixed disk 41 fixed to the end of the rotating cylinder 83. A first rotating disk 42 is rotatably mounted on the first fixed disk 41. A plurality of first rotating seats (not shown) are mounted on the first rotating disk 42. A first sliding seat 44 is mounted on the first rotating seat. A first sliding rod 45 is mounted on the first sliding seat 44. One end of the first sliding rod 45 is rotatably connected to the first fixed disk 41. The end of the first sliding rod 45 away from the first fixed disk 41 is vertically fixed to a first clamping plate 46. A plurality of axial rotating wheels 47 are mounted on the first clamping plate 46. A first lead screw telescopic member 48 is mounted on the first fixed disk 41. The first lead screw telescopic member 48 is used to control the rotation of the first rotating disk 42. The axial rotating wheels 47 are in contact with the rotating shaft and are used to limit the axial movement of the rotating shaft.

[0066] The displacement clamping member 4 forms a rolling flexible axial clamping structure. Its working process is as follows: the first lead screw telescopic member 48 starts and extends, driving the first rotating disk 42 to rotate, causing the first rotating seat to swing, pushing the first sliding seat 44 to slide outward radially, and then driving the first clamping plate 46 to move closer to the rotating shaft member through the first sliding rod 45, so that the axial rotating wheel 47 presses against the surface of the rotating shaft member; at this time, a pure rolling contact is formed between the axial rotating wheel 47 and the rotating shaft member, which provides sufficient axial limiting reaction force and does not hinder the axial feed movement required by the rotating shaft member during the processing; when the first lead screw telescopic member 48 retracts, the components move in opposite directions, and the axial rotating wheel 47 disengages from the rotating shaft member, realizing rapid release.

[0067] Through the above technical solution, this application realizes the axial clamping function of high response, low friction and adjustable stiffness of the rotating shaft; due to the precise stroke control of the first lead screw telescopic component 48, the lever amplification mechanism composed of the first rotary disk 42 and the first rotary seat, and the rolling limiting mechanism of the axial wheel 47, the displacement clamping component 4 can ensure clamping stability while being compatible with the axial continuous feed requirements of the rotating shaft, and is suitable for high-precision multi-process composite milling machining scenarios.

[0068] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 In one optional embodiment, the present application also provides a rotary clamping member 5 including a second fixed disk 51 fixed to the end of the rotary cylinder 83, a second rotary disk 52 rotatably mounted on the second fixed disk 51, a plurality of second rotary seats (not shown below the second sliding seat 54) mounted on the second rotary disk 52, a second sliding seat 54 mounted on the second rotary seat (not shown below the second sliding seat 54), a second sliding rod 55 mounted on the second sliding seat 54, one end of the second sliding rod 55 being rotatably connected to the second fixed disk 51, and the end of the second sliding rod 55 away from the second fixed disk 51 being vertically fixed to a second clamping plate 56, a plurality of tangential rotating wheels 57 mounted on the second clamping plate 56, and a second lead screw telescopic member 58 mounted on the second fixed disk 51, the second lead screw telescopic member 58 being used to control the rotation of the second rotary disk 52; the tangential rotating wheels 57 contact the rotating shaft and are used to limit the rotation of the rotating shaft around the axis; the tangential rotating wheels 57 are perpendicular to the axial rotating wheels 47 and are used to lock the rotating shaft after clamping.

[0069] The tangential roller 57 is a cylindrical roller with its axis parallel to the central axis of the rotating shaft and perpendicular to the axis of the axial roller 47. Each tangential roller 57 is mounted in the mounting hole of the second clamping plate 56 through a short shaft and bearing, and can rotate freely around its own axis. The outer circumferential surface of the tangential roller 57 is provided with a rubber layer, a polyurethane coating layer, or a grooved metal surface. The tangential rollers 57 are evenly distributed along the arc length direction of the second clamping plate 56.

[0070] The tangential roller 57 contacts the rotating shaft. When the rotating drive assembly 8 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, rolling friction contact is formed between the tangential roller 57 and the surface of the rotating shaft. Thus, the rotating clamping member 5 constrains the rotating shaft to rotate freely around its own central axis, so that the rotating shaft can rotate synchronously with the rotating cylinder 83.

[0071] When the tangential roller 57 is in contact with the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft can rotate freely, so that the position between the rotary adjustment fixture and the rotating shaft prevents the axis of the rotating shaft from shifting. When the axial roller 47 is in contact with the rotating shaft alone, the rotating shaft can move horizontally, which can prevent the axis of the rotating shaft from shifting during the position compensation process during milling.

[0072] The tangential roller 57 and the axial roller 47 are perpendicular to each other and are used to lock the rotating shaft after clamping. When the displacement clamping member 4 and the rotation clamping member 5 act simultaneously, the axial roller 47 applies a limiting constraint perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and the tangential roller 57 applies a rotation constraint along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft. The two have orthogonal directions of action and together form a spatial orthogonal constraint system. This structure avoids eccentric loading, bending deformation or local stress concentration caused by clamping in a single direction and improves the positioning stiffness and dynamic stability of the rotating shaft during the milling process. The contact points of the two sets of rollers are located at different positions on the same cross section of the rotating shaft or are staggered by a certain axial distance.

[0073] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: under the drive of the second lead screw telescopic component 58, the second rotary disk 52 rotates and drives the second sliding rod 55 to unfold, so that the tangential roller 57 on the second clamping plate 56 is stably pressed against the surface of the rotating shaft; the tangential roller 57, with its axis parallel to the central axis of the rotating shaft, provides a frictional torque to resist circumferential slippage, thereby achieving independent constraint on the rotational degree of freedom of the rotating shaft; when this constraint works in conjunction with the axial constraint provided by the axial roller 47, an orthogonal clamping structure is formed, achieving a high-rigidity, low-vibration omnidirectional locking effect without restricting axial feed, significantly improving the milling accuracy and surface quality.

[0074] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9In an optional embodiment, this application further provides a central shaft 570 disposed at the center of the tangential rotating wheel 57 and the axial rotating wheel 47. A pair of displacement rods 572 are mounted on the central shaft 570. Limit gears 571 are provided on both sides of the displacement rods 572 and the tangential rotating wheel 57 and the axial rotating wheel 47. An elongated hole 573 is provided on the first clamping plate 46 and the second clamping plate 56. The central shaft 570 passes through the elongated hole 573. A spring 574 is sleeved on the displacement rod 572. A sliding hole 575 is provided at the upper end of the elongated hole 573. The displacement rod 572 is inserted into the sliding hole 575. The displacement rod 572 has a cylinder 576 rotatably connected to the central shaft 570 at its end. The elongated hole 573 has arc-shaped grooves 577 on both sides. The inner side of the arc-shaped grooves 577 has a toothed groove 578 that meshes with the limiting gear 571. The displacement rod 572 and the spring 574 control the separation and engagement of the limiting gear 571 and the toothed groove 578 under the action of clamping force. When the limiting gear 571 and the toothed groove 578 are separated, the tangential rotating wheel 57 and the axial rotating wheel 47 can rotate. When the limiting gear 571 and the toothed groove 578 are engaged, the tangential rotating wheel 57 and the axial rotating wheel 47 are locked.

[0075] The central shaft 570 is a rigid cylindrical shaft whose axis coincides with the central axis of the rotating workpiece. It is used to synchronously transmit the rotational motion of the tangential rotating wheel 57 and the axial rotating wheel 47. The two ends of the central shaft 570 are supported by bearings at the corresponding mounting positions of the first clamping plate 46 and the second clamping plate 56 to ensure that it can synchronously adjust the deflection angle with the rotating wheel during the clamping process.

[0076] The displacement rod 572 is a pair of symmetrically arranged cylindrical rods that extend radially along the central axis 570 and are fixed between the displacement rod 572 and the central axis 570 by an interference fit or threaded connection to ensure that there is no relative rotation between the two.

[0077] The limiting gears 571 are two straight cylindrical limiting gears of the same specification, which are respectively installed on the free ends of the two displacement rods 572, and the tooth surfaces face the arc groove 577.

[0078] The elongated hole 573 is a through rectangular hole formed on the first clamping plate 46 and the second clamping plate 56, and its length direction is arranged radially along the clamping plate.

[0079] The sliding hole 575 is a vertical through hole located at the upper end of the elongated hole 573, and its axis is consistent with the movement direction of the displacement rod 572. The diameter of the sliding hole 575 is larger than the diameter of the displacement rod 572. The inner wall of the sliding hole 575 is provided with a wear-resistant bushing or directly machined into the clamping plate body.

[0080] The shaft cylinder 576 is an annular cylinder sleeved at the end of the displacement rod 572. The inner hole of the shaft cylinder 576 is clearance-fitted with the displacement rod 572, and the outer wall is rotatably connected to the central shaft 570 through a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing. The shaft cylinder 576 is made of copper alloy or engineering plastic, and its structure is either open on one side or closed at both ends.

[0081] The arc groove 577 is an arc-shaped groove with the central shaft 570 as the center and a radius slightly larger than the pitch circle radius of the limiting gear 571. It is symmetrically opened on the clamping plate body on both sides of the elongated hole 573; the opening end of the arc groove 577 is connected to the elongated hole 573.

[0082] The tooth groove 578 consists of multiple straight tooth grooves evenly distributed along the inner circumferential direction of the arc groove 577. Its tooth profile, module and number of teeth are completely matched with the limiting gear 571. The tooth groove 578 is evenly distributed within the effective meshing arc segment of the arc groove 577. The tooth groove 578 is manufactured by milling, electrical discharge machining or powder metallurgy integral forming. The bottom surface of the tooth groove 578 is flush with the bottom of the arc groove 577.

[0083] Spring 574 is sleeved on displacement rod 572.

[0084] Through the above technical solution, this application realizes a two-stage clamping mechanism of "adaptation first, then locking": In the initial stage of clamping, the workpiece of the rotating shaft is not yet fully in place, the clamping force is small, the spring 574 is in a slightly compressed state, the displacement rod 572 drives the limiting gear 571 to be located outside the arc groove 577, the limiting gear 571 separates from the tooth groove 578, at this time the tangential rotating wheel 57 and the axial rotating wheel 47 can rotate freely under the drive of the central shaft 570, thereby adaptively conforming to the surface contour of the rotating shaft; as the clamping force continues to increase, the spring 574 is further compressed, the displacement rod 572 moves downward along the sliding hole 575, drives the limiting gear 571 to slide into the arc groove 577, and finally meshes with the tooth groove 578 to achieve mechanical rigid locking; this process is entirely driven by the clamping force itself, without the need for additional control signals, the structure is simple and the response is reliable, effectively preventing the micro displacement of the workpiece caused by the slippage of the rotating wheel during the machining process, and significantly improving the consistency and repeatability of milling machining.

[0085] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 In one optional embodiment, this application also provides that the shaft 576 is equipped with a pressure gauge 481, which is used to determine the extension length of the spring 574 and the positional relationship between the limiting gear 571 and the tooth groove 578.

[0086] The shaft cylinder 576 is a hollow cylindrical structure. One end of the shaft cylinder 576 is rotatably connected to the end of the displacement rod 572, and the other end extends radially and is provided with a mounting boss or embedded mounting cavity for fixing the pressure gauge 481. The pressure gauge 481 is a miniature piezoresistive or strain gauge contact pressure sensor. The measuring surface of the pressure gauge 481 is in contact with the end face of the spring 574 near the shaft cylinder 576. The measuring range of the pressure gauge 481 is determined according to the preset clamping force and maximum compression stroke of the spring 574. This range can be adjusted according to the diameter, material and clamping force requirements of the rotating shaft in actual working conditions. This embodiment of the application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0087] Among them, spring 574 is a helical compression spring. When spring 574 compresses, it triggers the limit gear 571 to fully mesh with the tooth groove 578. At this time, pressure gauge 481 outputs a voltage signal. This correspondence is obtained through calibration and stored in the control system. The parameters of spring 574 can be set according to the actual situation.

[0088] The pressure gauge 481 is electrically connected to the machine tool main control unit via a shielded cable. Its output signal is an analog voltage signal or a digital signal converted by a built-in ADC. This signal is connected to the IO acquisition module of the main control unit. The main control unit has a pre-stored pressure-compression-engagement state mapping table. When the detected pressure value falls into the preset threshold range, it is determined that the limit gear 571 has been fully embedded in the tooth groove 578 and is clamped and locked in place. When the pressure value is lower than the lower threshold, it is determined that the limit gear 571 is not fully engaged and a clamping abnormality alarm is issued. This threshold range can be adaptively calibrated according to the performance dispersion of different batches of springs, for example, by performing an unloaded compression calibration once every time the machine is initialized. This embodiment of the application does not make any special limitation on this.

[0089] The pressure gauge 481 is installed on the shaft 576 by threaded fastening and snap-fit ​​fixing; its housing has an IP65 or higher protection rating to resist coolant splashing and iron filings in the metal processing environment; the pressure gauge 481 is a Honeywell MLH series miniature pressure sensor or a domestic NS-PS01 type piezoresistive sensor.

[0090] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves real-time, non-intrusive sensing of the meshing state of the limiting gear 571 and the tooth groove 578: since the extension length of the spring 574 is directly driven by the displacement of the displacement rod 572, and the displacement of the displacement rod 572 directly determines whether the limiting gear 571 enters the tooth groove 578 area in the arc groove 577, the pressure change measured by the pressure gauge 481 can accurately reflect the degree of completion of the mechanical locking action; thus, the control system can execute closed-loop control logic such as clamping confirmation, abnormal interception, or automatic re-clamping based on pressure feedback, thereby improving clamping reliability, process traceability, and equipment intelligence level without adding an additional mechanical locking structure.

[0091] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 10 In one optional embodiment, this application also provides a lateral displacement member 9 mounted on a fixed gantry 2, a milling cutter head 91 mounted on the lateral displacement member 9, a stepping rotation control member 92 mounted on the lateral displacement member 9 to control the stepping rotation of the milling cutter head 91, and multiple milling cutters 93 of different types fixedly mounted at equal intervals on the outer edge of the milling cutter head 91. The milling cutters 93 cooperate with the rotary drive assembly 8 for milling the surface of the rotating shaft. The electric spindle 7 cooperates with the milling head for slotting, milling and drilling on the rotating shaft. The milling cutter head 91 and the milling cutters 93 are used to mill the surface of the rotating shaft.

[0092] The lateral displacement component 9 is a linear displacement mechanism arranged along the X direction. It includes a slide rail pair, a drive motor, a lead screw and nut pair, and a support base, all fixed to the fixed gantry frame 2. The slide rail pair consists of a pair of parallel high-precision roller guides and a matching slider. The slider is fixed to the lower side of the mounting base plate of the milling cutter head 91. The drive motor is a servo motor, and its output shaft is connected to the lead screw through a coupling. The lead screw and the nut on the mounting base plate form a transmission pair.

[0093] The milling cutter head 91 is a rigid disc-shaped structure. The diameter of the milling cutter head 91 can be set according to the number and size of the milling cutters 93. The center of the milling cutter head 91 is provided with a flange connection part that is coaxially fixed with the mounting base of the transverse displacement member 9, and the radial and axial dual positioning is achieved by the stop and fastening bolts. Multiple tool mounting slots are equidistantly opened on the outer edge of the milling cutter head 91 along the circumferential direction. The structure of each mounting slot matches the shank of the milling cutter 93 to ensure that the cutting edge of each milling cutter 93 is in the same theoretical machining plane.

[0094] The stepper rotary control unit 92 includes a stepper motor, a reduction gear set, a rotary encoder, and a holding brake. The stepper motor drives the milling cutter head 91 to rotate around its central axis via the reduction gear set. The transmission ratio of the reduction gear set can be set according to the stepping angle resolution and minimum indexing accuracy requirements. The rotary encoder is used to provide real-time feedback on the current angular position of the milling cutter head 91. The holding brake locks the output shaft in the non-rotating state to prevent the cutter head from shifting due to vibration during milling. The minimum stepping angle of the stepper rotary control unit 92 can be set according to the number of milling cutters 93.

[0095] The milling cutter 93 can be a variety of different types of milling cutters, including but not limited to end mills, vertical end mills, ball end mills, round nose end mills, and T-slot end mills. The geometric parameters (such as diameter, cutting edge length, helix angle, rake angle, clearance angle) and coating type (such as TiN, TiAlN, AlCrN) of each milling cutter 93 are selected independently according to the machining task it undertakes. For example, the milling cutter 93 used for roughing can be a large-diameter, multi-edged, high-toughness coated carbide tool; the milling cutter 93 used for finishing curved surfaces can be a small-diameter, ball-end structure, ultra-fine grain matrix tool with a mirror coating. The mounting height of each milling cutter 93 can be finely adjusted by adjusting the tool holder shims to make the cutting edges of all tools coplanar. This coplanar adjustment can be completed before the machine tool leaves the factory, or it can be calibrated at the user's site using a laser tool setter. This application embodiment does not limit the specific calibration method.

[0096] The milling cutter 93 cooperates with the rotary drive assembly 8, meaning that when the rotary drive assembly 8 drives the rotating shaft to rotate at a set speed, the milling cutter 93 is fed along the X direction under the drive of the transverse displacement component 9, and switches to the corresponding tool position under the control of the stepping rotary control component 92, thereby realizing continuous, equidistant or variable-distance circumferential milling of the rotating shaft surface. This cooperation does not require mechanical linkage between the milling cutter 93 and the rotating shaft, but only that their movements are coordinated in time and space - that is, the rotational movement of the rotating shaft and the feed movement and indexing movement of the milling cutter 93 constitute a CNC interpolation relationship, which is uniformly planned and executed by the machine tool CNC system.

[0097] The electric spindle 7, in conjunction with the milling cutter head, is used for grooving, milling, and drilling on rotating shafts. This means that the electric spindle 7 acts as an independent power unit, with its output end holding a single cutting tool (such as a keyway cutter, face cutter, or drill bit) via a tool holder. Driven by the vertical displacement assembly 6, it feeds along the Z-axis. Simultaneously, it can coordinate with the X-axis movement of the transverse displacement assembly 9 and the rotation of the rotating shaft via the rotation drive assembly 8, achieving three-dimensional linkage machining. The grooving, milling, and drilling operations are independent of the surface milling operations of the milling cutter head 91, and can be executed in separate timeframes or synchronously under process planning—for example, in a single clamping state of the rotating shaft, the electric spindle 7 first completes the axial keyway machining, and then the milling cutter head 91 completes the outer circumferential surface finishing milling, without the need for repeated clamping.

[0098] The milling cutter head 91 and the milling cutter 93 are used to mill the surface of the rotating shaft. This means that the milling action mainly faces the outer cylindrical surface, conical surface, stepped surface and complex rotating surface of the rotating shaft. The cutting method includes climb milling and conventional milling. The feed path can be unidirectional continuous feed, reciprocating feed or helical interpolation feed. The machining allowance, feed rate, depth of cut and spindle speed of surface milling are all set according to the model of the selected milling cutter 93, the workpiece material and the surface roughness requirements. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific process parameters, but only emphasize that they are achieved by the milling cutter head 91 and the installed milling cutter 93.

[0099] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the structural integration and motion coordination of the transverse displacement component 9, the milling cutter head 91, the stepping rotation control component 92, and multiple types of milling cutters 93: the transverse displacement component 9 provides the X-axis feed basis, the stepping rotation control component 92 realizes automatic tool selection, and the multiple types of milling cutters 93 cover diverse surface processing needs; this structure is coupled with the rotational motion of the rotating shaft driven by the rotary drive component 8 to form a composite milling mode of "rotating workpiece + radial / axial feed tool"; at the same time, the electric spindle 7 and the milling cutter head constitute another independent processing channel, undertaking high-precision feature processing tasks; the two are reasonably spatially arranged on the fixed gantry 2 and their movements do not interfere with each other, thus integrating multiple functions such as surface milling, grooving, milling and drilling on a single machine tool platform, significantly reducing the frequency of tool and machine changes, and improving processing efficiency and equipment versatility.

[0100] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 11 In one optional embodiment, the metal milling machine tool further includes: a displacement seat 31 mounted on a displacement support frame 3; a sliding support seat 32 provided on a support base 1; a displacement slide rail 33 mounted on the sliding support seat 32; a rack 34 mounted on the sliding support seat 32; a displacement drive motor 35 mounted on the displacement seat 31; a drive gear 36 meshing with the rack 34 mounted on the displacement drive motor 35; a pusher plate 12 disposed on the lower side of the displacement seat 31; the pusher plate 12 has a V-shaped structure; the outer wall of the pusher plate 12 is in contact with the inner wall of the V-shaped receiving groove 11; and the pusher plate 12 is used to scrape iron filings into the iron filings collection groove 13.

[0101] The displacement seat 31 is a rigid mounting bracket, fixed to the bottom area of ​​the displacement support frame 3 facing the support base 1. Its structural shape can be adapted to the mounting surface contour of the displacement support frame 3. The displacement seat 31 is used to support the displacement drive motor 35, drive gear 36 and push plate 12, and serves as the motion reference carrier of the entire iron filings cleaning mechanism.

[0102] The sliding support 32 is fixedly installed on the surface of the support base 1, and its extension direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating workpiece. It is used to provide a reference platform for the reciprocating linear motion of the displacement seat 31. The displacement slide rail 33 is arranged along the length of the sliding support 32. Its cross-sectional shape can be a convex guide rail, a grooved guide rail or a ball guide rail. The material can be hardened steel, stainless steel or alloy steel with nitriding treatment to ensure wear resistance and guiding accuracy under long-term operation. The displacement slide rail 33 cooperates with the slider or groove provided at the bottom of the displacement seat 31 to form a low-friction sliding pair.

[0103] The rack 34 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the sliding support 32 and arranged parallel to the displacement slide rail 33. The rack 34 can adopt a segmented splicing structure, which is convenient for long-stroke installation and subsequent maintenance and replacement. Its installation position is strictly matched with the center height of the drive gear 36 to ensure smooth meshing without interference.

[0104] The displacement drive motor 35 is a servo motor or a stepper motor, which has position feedback and closed-loop control capabilities. Its housing is rigidly connected to the displacement seat 31 through a flange or bracket. The output shaft axis is perpendicular to the plane where the rack 34 is located and is coaxially connected to the drive gear 36. The start, stop, forward and reverse rotation and movement speed of the displacement drive motor 35 are uniformly coordinated by the machine tool CNC system. It can operate independently or be synchronized with the action rhythm of the rotary drive component 8 or the electric spindle 7.

[0105] Among them, the drive gear 36 is precisely meshed with the rack 34, and the module, pressure angle, and number of teeth are perfectly matched with the rack 34; the drive gear 36 is fixed to the output shaft end of the displacement drive motor 35 by key connection or interference fit, and when it rotates, it drives the entire displacement seat 31 to reciprocate and translate along the displacement slide rail 33.

[0106] The pusher plate 12 is fixed to the side of the displacement seat 31 facing the V-shaped receiving groove 11. The whole structure is a symmetrical V-shaped bending structure. The included angle can be adjusted according to the inclination angle of the inner wall of the V-shaped receiving groove 11. The two sides of the pusher plate 12 are respectively attached to the left and right inner walls of the V-shaped receiving groove 11. The contact surface is mirror polished or sprayed with polytetrafluoroethylene coating to reduce sliding resistance and prevent iron filings from adhering. Its material can be SUS304 stainless steel, aluminum alloy or polymer wear-resistant plate, and the edges are rounded to avoid scratching the groove.

[0107] The V-shaped receiving trough 11 is fixed to the front of the support base 1 or the area below the fixed gantry 2, with its opening facing upwards. The angle of its V-shaped inner cavity cross section is consistent with the angle between the push plate 12, and its length covers the main area where iron filings are scattered. The bottom end of the V-shaped receiving trough 11 is connected to the iron filings collection trough 13. A sloping transition section or a guide plate is provided between the two to ensure that the iron filings flow smoothly into the collection trough under the combined action of gravity and thrust. The iron filings collection trough 13 is a pull-out drawer structure or a closed box with a chip removal spiral for easy centralized cleaning.

[0108] The contact relationship between the pusher plate 12 and the V-shaped receiving groove 11 is an elastic pre-tightening contact: when the displacement seat 31 is assembled, the two sides of the pusher plate 12 are adjusted by adjusting the shims or fine-tuning bolts to apply an initial positive pressure to the inner wall of the V-shaped receiving groove 11. This pressure is sufficient to maintain the sliding seal and will not cause abnormal wear due to overload. This pre-tightening force can be achieved by setting a disc spring or rubber buffer pad between the pusher plate 12 and the displacement seat 31. The specific structural form can be selected according to the actual working conditions.

[0109] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: when the displacement drive motor 35 starts, the drive gear 36 rolls along the rack 34, driving the displacement seat 31 to reciprocate linearly along the displacement slide rail 33; this motion is transmitted to the pusher plate 12, causing it to slide synchronously back and forth in the V-shaped receiving groove 11; during the forward stroke, the V-shaped pusher plate 12 continuously gathers, lifts and pushes the cutting iron chips scattered on the surface of the support base 1 and around the fixed gantry 2 to the bottom of the V-shaped receiving groove 11, and then guides them into the iron chip collection groove 13 via a ramp; since the pusher plate 12 and the inner wall of the V-shaped receiving groove 11 always remain in contact, it effectively prevents iron chips from escaping from the gap, thereby solving the technical problem of iron chip accumulation affecting processing quality and equipment cleanliness during processing, and improving the safety, stability and cleanliness of the machine tool operation and the on-site working environment.

[0110] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A metal milling machine tool, characterized in that, The system includes a support base (1), a fixed gantry frame (2) mounted on the support base (1), a pair of displacement support frames (3) mounted on the support base (1), the displacement support frames (3) located on both sides of the gantry frame, displacement clamping members (4) mounted on the displacement support frames (3), and rotating clamping members (5) mounted on the displacement support frames (3). When the displacement clamping member (4) clamps the rotating shaft workpiece, the rotating shaft workpiece moves along the axial direction. When the rotating clamping member (5) clamps the rotating shaft workpiece, the rotating shaft workpiece rotates. The displacement clamping member (4) and the rotating clamping member (5) clamp simultaneously to fix the rotating shaft workpiece. An upper and lower displacement assembly is mounted on the fixed gantry frame (2). The component (6) is equipped with an electric spindle (7), a milling cutter head is mounted on the electric spindle (7), and a rotary drive assembly (8) is mounted on the displacement support frame (3). The displacement clamping member (4) and the rotary clamping member (5) are mounted at both ends of the rotary drive assembly (8). The displacement clamping member (4), the rotary clamping member (5), and the displacement support frame (3) cooperate to control the displacement and rotation of the workpiece on the rotating shaft. The rotary drive assembly (8) includes a drive seat (81) fixed on the displacement support frame (3). The drive seat (81) has a ring structure. Multiple excitation windings (82) are mounted on the drive seat (81). A rotating cylinder (83) is provided for the workpiece to pass through. An armature winding (84) is installed on the rotating cylinder (83). A PWM inverter (85) is installed on the displacement support frame (3). The armature winding (84) and the excitation winding (82) cooperate to control the rotation drive assembly (8) to rotate forward, reverse, and lock. The displacement clamping member (4) and the rotation clamping member (5) are installed at both ends of the rotating cylinder (83). The displacement clamping member (4) includes a first fixed plate (41) fixed at the end of the rotating cylinder (83). A first rotating plate (42) is rotatably installed on the first fixed plate (41). Multiple rotating plates are installed on the first rotating plate (42). A first rotating seat, on which a first sliding seat (44) is mounted, and on which a first sliding rod (45) is mounted, one end of the first sliding rod (45) is rotatably connected to a first fixed plate (41), and the end of the first sliding rod (45) away from the first fixed plate (41) is vertically fixed to a first clamping plate (46), and on which a plurality of axial rotating wheels (47) are mounted, and on which a first lead screw telescopic component (48) is mounted, the first lead screw telescopic component (48) is used to control the rotation of the first rotating plate (42), and the axial rotating wheels (47) are in contact with the rotating shaft workpiece to limit the axial movement of the rotating shaft workpiece;The rotary clamping member (5) includes a second fixed plate (51) fixed to the end of the rotary cylinder (83), a second rotary plate (52) rotatably mounted on the second fixed plate (51), a plurality of second rotary seats mounted on the second rotary plate (52), a second sliding seat (54) mounted on the second rotary seat, a second sliding rod (55) mounted on the second sliding seat (54), one end of the second sliding rod (55) rotatably connected to the second fixed plate (51), and the other end of the second sliding rod (55) away from the second fixed plate (51) vertically fixed to a second clamping plate (56), and a plurality of cutting tools mounted on the second clamping plate (56). A second lead screw extension member (58) is installed on the second fixed disk (51) of the tangential rotating wheel (57), which is used to control the rotation of the second rotating disk (52); the tangential rotating wheel (57) contacts the rotating shaft workpiece and is used to limit the rotation of the rotating shaft workpiece around the axis; the tangential rotating wheel (57) and the axial rotating wheel (47) are perpendicular to each other and are used to lock the rotating shaft workpiece after clamping; a central shaft (570) is set at the center position of the tangential rotating wheel (57) and the axial rotating wheel (47), and a pair of displacement rods (572) are installed on the central shaft (570); limit positions are set on both sides of the tangential rotating wheel (57) and the axial rotating wheel (47). The gear (571) has an elongated hole (573) on the first clamping plate (46) and the second clamping plate (56). The central shaft (570) passes through the elongated hole (573). A spring (574) is sleeved on the displacement rod (572). A sliding hole (575) is provided at the upper end of the elongated hole (573). The displacement rod (572) is inserted into the sliding hole (575). A shaft sleeve (576) rotatably connected to the central shaft (570) is provided at the end of the displacement rod (572). Arc grooves (577) are provided on both sides of the elongated hole (573). An inner side of the arc groove (577) is provided for the limiting gear (571). The meshing tooth groove (578), the displacement rod (572) and the spring (574) control the separation and meshing of the limiting gear (571) and the tooth groove (578) under the action of clamping force. When the limiting gear (571) and the tooth groove (578) are separated, the tangential rotating wheel (57) and the axial rotating wheel (47) rotate. When the limiting gear (571) and the tooth groove (578) are meshed, the tangential rotating wheel (57) and the axial rotating wheel (47) are locked. The shaft cylinder (576) is equipped with a pressure gauge (481). The pressure gauge (481) is used to determine the extension length of the spring (574) and to determine the positional relationship between the limiting gear (571) and the tooth groove (578).

2. The metal milling machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple electromagnets (811) are provided on the drive base (81), and multiple locking grooves (812) are provided on the rotating cylinder (83). An annular ring (813) is fixed on the drive base (81), and multiple sliding bolts (815) are slidably installed on the annular ring (813). The electromagnets (811) control the displacement of the sliding bolts (815). When the electromagnets (811) are energized, they attract the sliding bolts (815) to separate from the locking grooves (812). A magnetic ring (816) is fixed on the rotating cylinder (83). When the power is off, the magnetic ring (816) attracts the sliding bolts (815) to be stuck in the locking grooves (812).

3. A metal milling machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A transverse displacement component (9) is installed on the fixed gantry frame (2). A milling cutter head (91) is installed on the transverse displacement component (9). A stepping rotation control component (92) for controlling the stepping rotation of the milling cutter head (91) is installed on the transverse displacement component (9). Multiple milling cutters (93) of different models are fixedly installed at equal intervals on the outer edge of the milling cutter head (91). The milling cutters (93) cooperate with the rotary drive assembly (8) to mill the surface of the rotating shaft workpiece. The electric spindle (7) cooperates with the milling head to slot, mill the surface and drill holes on the rotating shaft workpiece. The milling cutter head (91) and the milling cutters (93) are used to mill the surface of the rotating shaft workpiece.

4. A metal milling machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, A displacement seat (31) is installed on the displacement support frame (3), a sliding support seat (32) is provided on the support base (1), a displacement slide rail (33) is installed on the sliding support seat (32), a rack (34) is installed on the sliding support seat (32), a displacement drive motor (35) is installed on the displacement seat (31), a drive gear (36) meshing with the rack (34) is installed on the displacement drive motor (35), a pusher plate (12) is installed on the lower side of the displacement seat (31), the pusher plate (12) has a V-shaped structure, the outer wall of the pusher plate (12) is in contact with the inner wall of the V-shaped receiving groove (11), and the pusher plate (12) is used to scrape iron filings into the iron filings collection groove (13).

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