Gear reducer shell welding equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses gear reducer shell welding equipment, and relates to the technical field of reducer production and machining. The device comprises a welding mechanical arm arranged on a machining table, a to-be-welded speed reducer upper shell and a to-be-welded speed reducer lower shell, and further comprises a clamping frame arranged on the machining table and provided with a clamping unit comprising a moving assembly and a clamping assembly, a clamping plate used for moving and clamping is arranged in the moving assembly, and the clamping assembly is arranged on the clamping frame and used for clamping the to-be-welded speed reducer upper shell and the to-be-welded speed reducer lower shell. A plurality of clamping blocks for clamping the speed reducer upper shell and the speed reducer lower shell are arranged in the clamping assembly; the device has the advantages that the speed reducer lower shell and the speed reducer upper shell are accurately positioned through the positioning assembly to adapt to shells of different shapes, the welding position is aligned through the rotary disc after positioning is completed, then the machining and mounting area is separated through the telescopic assembly to guarantee the safety of operators, the shells do not need to be moved after welding, and the welding efficiency is improved. And the grinding assembly is matched to grind the shell, the machining procedure is simplified, and the welding precision and the operation safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of gear reducer manufacturing and processing, and in particular to a gear reducer housing welding equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component supporting the internal transmission structure, the housing of a gear reducer requires extremely high structural strength. It is usually made of steel alloy, and because of its large thickness, it is difficult to cast in one piece. Therefore, it is often designed as a split upper and lower housing. During processing, welding equipment is required to achieve sealing and fixation. The welding accuracy and efficiency directly affect the service life and operational stability of the reducer.

[0003] Existing welding equipment employs various methods to weld the outer casing. For example, a welding fixture for a reducer casing, disclosed in CN218508976U, includes: a support assembly, which includes a base and a lifting platform, with the lifting platform disposed on the base; and a lifting assembly, which includes a scissor lift and a drive mechanism, with the lifting platform disposed on top of the scissor lift, the base disposed on the bottom of the scissor lift, and the drive mechanism disposed on the base.

[0004] Existing welding equipment generally suffers from problems such as low positioning accuracy, inconvenience in aligning welding positions, insufficient operational safety, and scattered processing steps, making it difficult to meet the core requirements of high precision, high efficiency, and high safety in mass production of reducer housing welding; For example, in the aforementioned prior art, the device lacks an adaptive positioning component. Especially for irregularly shaped shells, relying solely on rigid clamping makes it prone to instability. Furthermore, the lack of an adjustment mechanism requires manual movement of the shell to align with the welding position, which can easily lead to misalignment of the upper and lower shells and low efficiency. After welding, the lack of an integrated grinding mechanism means that the equipment needs to be transferred to another device for grinding, resulting in a disconnect in the process and low processing efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a gear reducer housing welding equipment to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a gear reducer housing welding device, including a welding robotic arm mounted on a processing table, and upper and lower reducer housings to be welded, and further comprising: A clamping frame is set on a processing table, and a clamping unit including a moving component and a clamping component is set on it. The moving component is provided with a clamping plate for moving and clamping, and the clamping component is provided with multiple clamping blocks for clamping the upper shell and the lower shell of the reducer. The first support frame is set on the processing table, and a grinding adjustment unit including a positioning component, a telescopic component and a grinding component is set on it. The positioning component is equipped with two positioning discs for positioning the upper and lower housings of the reducer, which work together with the welding robot arm to weld the joint between the two. The telescopic component is equipped with a connecting rod for adjusting the front and rear positions of the upper and lower housings of the reducer. The grinding component is equipped with a grinding roller for grinding the weld after welding.

[0007] Preferably, a controller is fixedly installed on the first support frame, a PLC controller is fixedly connected to the controller, a control panel is fixedly connected to the PLC controller, and the control panel and the PLC controller are electrically connected. The control panel uses a PLC controller to control the start / stop and operation status of the clamping unit, grinding adjustment unit, and welding robotic arm.

[0008] Preferably, the moving component includes two bidirectional lead screws rotatably connected to the clamping frame, and two clamping plates are slidably connected to the clamping frame, and each of the two clamping plates has two first threaded holes that are threadedly engaged with the corresponding bidirectional lead screws; A transmission chamber is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping frame. Two first transmission rods are rotatably connected inside the transmission chamber. Each of the two first transmission rods is fixedly connected to a meshing gear. A first servo motor is fixedly connected to one side of the transmission chamber. The output end of the first servo motor passes through the transmission chamber and is fixedly connected to one end of one of the first transmission rods.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes a plurality of first spring telescopic rods fixedly connected to one side of the clamping plate, the telescopic ends of the plurality of first spring telescopic rods are all fixedly connected to a connecting plate, a plurality of hinge seats are fixedly connected to one side of each connecting plate, and the movable end of each hinge seat is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping block.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a telescopic chamber fixedly connected to the upper part of the first support frame. A sliding hole is provided on one side of the telescopic chamber, and a connecting rod is slidably connected to the sliding hole. A second servo motor is fixedly connected to one side of the telescopic chamber. A one-way lead screw is fixedly installed through the telescopic chamber at the output end of the second servo motor, and the one-way lead screw is located in the sliding hole. A second threaded hole with threaded engagement with the one-way lead screw is provided in the connecting rod. A second support frame is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod. A limit mechanism is provided on the telescopic chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes two limiting holes opened in the telescopic chamber and located on both sides of the sliding hole, and limiting rods are slidably connected to both limiting holes, and one end of each limiting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the second support frame.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning component includes a turntable fixedly connected to the second support frame, and the positioning disc located at the lower part is rotatably connected to the upper part of the turntable. An electric telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the second support frame, and the two positioning discs are arranged opposite to each other. Both positioning disks have several positioning ports, and each positioning port has a slidably installed positioning electromagnetic block for positioning the upper and lower housings of the reducer. Each positioning electromagnetic block is fixedly installed with a spring between it and the bottom of the corresponding positioning port. Each positioning electromagnetic block has a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole for limiting the position, with the second positioning hole located above the first positioning hole. Both positioning disks have several third positioning holes, and a positioning frame is slidably connected to the multiple third positioning holes. Each first positioning hole and second positioning hole cooperates with the positioning frame. A speed-changing mechanism is provided on the second support frame.

[0013] Preferably, the speed change mechanism includes a transmission groove formed on a second support frame, a third servo motor is fixedly connected to the upper part of the second support frame, a second transmission rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the third servo motor, the second transmission rod is rotatably connected to the inside of the transmission groove, a speed change gearbox is fixedly connected to the lower part of the turntable, the reduction end of the speed change gearbox passes through the turntable and is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning plate, and the input end of the speed change gearbox passes through the transmission groove and is fixedly connected to one end of the second transmission rod.

[0014] Preferably, the grinding assembly includes a groove formed on a second support frame, two slide rods are fixedly connected to the groove, and a rotating frame is slidably connected between the two slide rods. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the rotating frame, and a grinding roller is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating rod. A transmission mechanism for driving the grinding roller to rotate is provided between the second transmission rod and the rotating rod.

[0015] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a one-way bearing mounted on the second transmission rod, and the one-way bearing is in rotatable engagement with the second transmission rod. A first helical gear is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the one-way bearing, a fourth helical gear is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, and a second spring telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the second support frame. A second helical gear and a third helical gear are fixedly connected to both ends of the second spring telescopic rod, and the second helical gear is located in the transmission groove. The second helical gear meshes with the first helical gear, and the third helical gear meshes with the fourth helical gear.

[0016] This invention provides a welding device for gear reducer housings. It has the following advantages: 1. When welding the upper and lower shells of the reducer, this welding equipment achieves precise positioning of the lower and upper shells of the reducer through the positioning component. The positioning electromagnetic block on the positioning plate, in conjunction with the second spring, can adapt to the shell contour to achieve stable positioning of the irregularly shaped reducer shell, so that it will not shake during welding, avoid shell displacement during welding, ensure the joint fitting accuracy, and lay the foundation for subsequent welding. 2. When this welding equipment welds the upper and lower housings of the reducer, after positioning by the positioning component, the turntable rotates and drives the lower housing of the reducer to rotate. With the speed adjustment mechanism, the welding position of the lower housing and the upper housing of the reducer can be accurately aligned. This realizes the function of automatically adjusting the welding position of the upper and lower housings, enabling precise welding without the need for repeated manual adjustments. 3. When welding the upper and lower housings of the reducer, the telescopic assembly moves the positioned lower and upper housings of the reducer to the processing area above the clamping frame, thus separating the processing and installation areas. Operators can place the housings in the non-processing area, which can avoid accidental start-up of the processing equipment and prevent safety hazards, thereby improving the safety of equipment operation. 4. When this welding equipment welds the upper and lower housings of the reducer, the horizontal clamping components and the vertical electromagnetic adsorption positioning work together to achieve precise docking and stable positioning of the housings, thereby improving the stability of the welding process. 5. When welding the upper and lower housings of the reducer, this welding equipment does not require adjusting the housing position after welding. It only needs to use the speed change mechanism to control the synchronous rotation of the grinding roller and the positioning plate, so as to achieve all-round processing of the housing while rotating and grinding. The grinding of the weld can be completed without the need for additional transfer of the reducer housing, resulting in higher processing efficiency.

[0017] In summary, this invention first uses a positioning component to accurately position the lower and upper housings of the reducer to adapt to housings of different shapes. After positioning, the welding position is aligned with a turntable. Then, the telescopic component separates the processing and installation areas to ensure the safety of operators. After welding, there is no need to move the housing. The housing is polished with a grinding component, which simplifies the processing steps and improves welding accuracy and operational safety.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gear reducer housing welding device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure after rotation at a certain angle; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle clamping frame structure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 6 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission chamber; Figure 7 for Figure 2 Structural diagram of the telescopic chamber and the second support frame; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure after rotation at a certain angle; Figure 9 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic chamber; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the telescopic chamber; Figure 11 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle support frame; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the reducer without the upper and lower housings; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the central positioning plate; Figure 14 for Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the positioning disk; Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C; Figure 16 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the grinding component; Figure 17 for Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Machining table; 2. Welding robotic arm; 3. Clamping frame; 4. Upper housing of reducer; 5. Bidirectional lead screw; 6. First threaded hole; 7. Clamping plate; 8. First spring telescopic rod; 9. Lower housing of reducer; 10. Connecting plate; 11. Controller; 12. Clamping block; 13. Transmission chamber; 14. First transmission rod; 15. Gear; 16. First servo motor; 17. First support frame; 18. Telescopic chamber; 19. Sliding hole; 20. Limiting hole; 21. Connecting rod; 22. Limiting rod; 23. Second threaded hole; 24. One-way lead screw; 25. Second servo motor; 26. Second support... 27. Support frame; 28. Turntable; 29. ​​Electric telescopic rod; 30. Positioning plate; 31. Positioning port; 32. Spring; 33. Positioning electromagnetic block; 34. First positioning hole; 35. Second positioning hole; 36. Positioning frame; 37. Third servo motor; 38. Slide rod; 39. Rotating frame; 40. Rotating rod; 41. Grinding roller; 42. Transmission groove; 43. Second transmission rod; 44. One-way bearing; 45. First helical gear; 46. Second helical gear; 47. Second spring telescopic rod; 48. Gearbox; 49. Third helical gear; 50. Fourth helical gear. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-6 A gear reducer housing welding equipment includes a welding robotic arm 2 mounted on a processing table 1, and a reducer upper housing 4 and a reducer lower housing 9 to be welded. Both the reducer upper housing 4 and the reducer lower housing 9 are made of steel alloy. Due to their large thickness, they are designed as separate parts. This welding equipment is used in conjunction with the welding robotic arm 2 to automatically weld the connection between the reducer upper housing 4 and the reducer lower housing 9. After welding, the reducer upper housing 4 and the reducer lower housing 9 form a complete reducer housing. A protective plate is installed on the processing table 1. The area on one side of the protective plate, where the welding robotic arm 2 is located, is the processing area for the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer. The other side is the installation area for the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer.

[0023] This welding equipment also includes: The clamping frame 3 is set on the processing table 1. It is equipped with a clamping unit including a moving component and a clamping component. It is used to provide a carrier for the moving component and the clamping component, so that the moving component and the clamping component can operate stably. The moving component is equipped with a clamping plate 7 for moving and clamping. The clamping unit is used to clamp the sides of the upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer during welding, so as to ensure the stability of the upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer during welding. The moving component includes two bidirectional lead screws 5 rotatably connected to the clamping frame 3. Two clamping plates 7 are slidably connected to the clamping frame 3, and each clamping plate 7 has two first threaded holes 6 that are threadedly engaged with the corresponding bidirectional lead screws 5. The first threaded holes 6 convert the rotational motion of the bidirectional lead screws 5 into the linear motion of the clamping plates 7 by threading with the bidirectional lead screws 5, thereby driving the clamping plates 7 to move relative to or away from each other. Two bidirectional lead screws 5 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the clamping frame 3, synchronously driving the clamping plate 7 to move, so that the clamping plate 7 is evenly stressed, avoiding the clamping plate 7 tilting or jamming caused by driving one bidirectional lead screw 5, improving the stability of the clamping plate 7 when moving, ensuring that the clamping block 12 fits tightly with both sides of the reducer housing, and preventing lateral displacement of the housing during clamping. The bidirectional lead screws 5 drive the two clamping plates 7 to move relative to each other or away from each other by synchronously rotating in opposite directions, providing power for subsequent lateral clamping of the housing.

[0024] A transmission chamber 13 is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping frame 3. Two first transmission rods 14 are rotatably connected inside the transmission chamber 13. Each of the two first transmission rods 14 is fixedly connected to a meshing gear 15. The first transmission rods 14 and the gears 15 are used to transmit the power generated by the first servo motor 16. The first servo motor 16 is fixedly connected to one side of the transmission chamber 13. The first servo motor 16 serves as the power source for the moving component and provides driving force for the rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 5. The output end of the first servo motor 16 passes through the transmission chamber 13 and is fixedly connected to one end of one of the first transmission rods 14.

[0025] The clamping assembly is provided with multiple clamping blocks 12 for clamping the upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer. Several first spring telescopic rods 8 are fixedly connected to one side of the clamping plate 7. The function of the first spring telescopic rods 8 is to adapt to the different shapes of the reducer shell by the extension and contraction of the spring, and at the same time buffer the clamping force to avoid damaging the shell. The extension and contraction ends of the multiple first spring telescopic rods 8 are all fixedly connected to the connecting plate 10. Several hinge seats are fixedly connected to one side of each connecting plate 10. The hinge seats are used to adjust the clamping angle of the clamping blocks 12 to adapt to the side of the shell with different shapes. The movable end of each hinge seat is fixedly connected to one side of the clamping block 12. When the clamping block 12 is pressed into contact with the side of the outer shell, the first spring telescopic rod 8 pushes the clamping block 12 to fit into the recessed area, and the first spring telescopic rod 8 retracts to fit into the protruding area, ensuring that the clamping block 12 is in close contact with the side of the shell throughout the process.

[0026] A controller 11 is fixedly installed on the first support frame 17. A PLC controller is fixedly connected to the controller 11. The PLC controller is used to receive instructions from the control panel. The control panel is fixedly connected to the PLC controller. The control panel and the PLC controller are electrically connected. The operator inputs control instructions through the control panel. The control panel transmits signals to the PLC controller to realize the operator's operation and control of the equipment. The control panel uses a PLC controller to control the start, stop, and running status of the clamping unit, grinding and adjustment unit, and welding robotic arm 2, achieving automated coordination. It enables the automated collaborative operation of various functional modules, is easy to operate, requires minimal operator intervention, and has a high degree of automation.

[0027] Example 2: Refer to Figures 7-8 as well as Figures 11-15 The technical solution that differs from that of Embodiment 1 is as follows: The first support frame 17 is set on the processing table 1, and a grinding adjustment unit including a positioning component, a telescopic component and a grinding component is set on it. The first support frame 17 is used to provide support for the positioning component, the telescopic component and the grinding component. The positioning assembly is equipped with two positioning discs 29 for positioning the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer, and they work together with the welding robotic arm 2 to weld the joint between the two. A turntable 27 is fixedly connected to the second support frame 26, and the positioning disc 29 located at the bottom is rotatably connected to the upper part of the turntable 27. An electric telescopic rod 28 is rotatably connected to the second support frame 26, and the electric telescopic rod 28 is used to drive the upper positioning disc 29 to move up and down. Two positioning discs 29 are set opposite each other to form a longitudinal clamping base. With the adsorption of the positioning electromagnetic block 32, the longitudinal stability of the reducer lower shell 9 and the reducer upper shell 4 is achieved, which avoids relative displacement of the upper and lower shells during welding and grinding, and ensures processing stability.

[0028] Both positioning plates 29 have several positioning ports 30, and each positioning port 30 has a slidably installed positioning electromagnetic block 32 for positioning the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer. Each positioning electromagnetic block 32 is fixedly installed between the bottom of the corresponding positioning port 30 and the spring 31. The positioning electromagnetic block 32 is used to position the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer. The electromagnetic attraction generated after being energized realizes the longitudinal adsorption and fixation of the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer. The elastic deformation of the spring 31 is used to adapt to the housing contour and improve the adaptability of the positioning.

[0029] Each positioning electromagnetic block 32 has a first positioning hole 33 and a second positioning hole 34 for limiting the position, and the second positioning hole 34 is located above the first positioning hole 33. Both positioning disks 29 have several third positioning holes 35. A positioning frame 36 is slidably connected to the multiple third positioning holes 35. The positioning frame 36 is used to lock the extension and retraction state of the positioning electromagnetic block 32. After adaptation, there is no need to reposition. Each first positioning hole 33 and second positioning hole 34 cooperates with the positioning frame 36. When processing a reducer of a certain specification for the first time, the operator places the lower housing 9 of the reducer on multiple positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 of the lower positioning plate 29 in the non-processing area. The positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 are adapted to the extension and retraction state according to the size of the lower housing. The positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 that are squeezed retract into the positioning opening 30, while the positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 that are not squeezed extend out of the positioning opening 30 through the support of the spring 31. At this time, the positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 that are not squeezed form a contour that fits the lower housing 9 of the reducer, thereby achieving the positioning of the lower housing 9 of the reducer. Similarly, the upper housing 4 of the reducer is placed on top of the lower housing 9 of the reducer. The electric telescopic rod 28 is activated to move the upper positioning plate 29 down to the upper housing 4 of the reducer and press it, so that the positioning electromagnetic block 32 on the upper positioning plate 29 is in a telescopic state that fits the shape of the upper part of the upper housing 4 of the reducer. Similarly, the positioning electromagnetic block 32 that is not pressed outside forms a contour that fits the upper housing 4 of the reducer, thereby achieving the positioning of the upper housing 4 of the reducer. The positioning frame 36 consists of a bracket and multiple insert rods. The multiple insert rods cooperate with the third positioning hole 35, the second positioning hole 34 and the first positioning hole 33. Then, the positioning frame 36 is passed through the third positioning hole 35. When the positioning electromagnetic block 32 is extended, the movement of the insert rod will insert it into the first positioning hole 33. When the positioning electromagnetic block 32 is retracted into the positioning port 30, the insert rod will insert into the second positioning hole 34. Through the cooperation of the insert rod with the first positioning hole 33 or the second positioning hole 34, the positioning electromagnetic block 32 can be locked and prevented from moving. When processing reducers of the same specifications in the future, there is no need to readjust the positioning electromagnetic block 32 and the positioning frame 36. The upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer can be placed directly on the contour formed between multiple positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 and energized to complete the precise positioning.

[0030] In a further embodiment, a speed change mechanism is provided on the second support frame 26, including a transmission groove 42 formed on the second support frame 26. A third servo motor 37 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the second support frame 26. The third servo motor 37 is used to provide power to the speed change mechanism. A second transmission rod 43 is provided between the output end of the third servo motor 37 and the transmission groove 42. The second transmission rod 43 is used to transmit the power of the third servo motor 37. A speed change gearbox 48 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the turntable 27. The reduction end of the speed change gearbox 48 passes through the turntable 27. The speed change gearbox 48 is used to change the rotation speed of the second transmission rod 43 to adapt to the rotation speed of the positioning plate 29 on the upper part of the turntable 27 when it is positioned. It is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning plate 29. The input end of the speed change gearbox 48 passes into the transmission groove 42 and is fixedly connected to one end of the second transmission rod 43.

[0031] Example 3: Refer to Figures 9-10 as well as Figures 16-17 The technical difference between this embodiment and embodiment two is that: a connecting rod 21 is provided in the telescopic assembly for adjusting the front and rear positions of the upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer, so as to realize the switching between the upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer in the installation area and the processing area. A telescopic chamber 18 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first support frame 17. A sliding hole 19 is opened on one side of the telescopic chamber 18. A connecting rod 21 is slidably connected to the sliding hole 19. A second servo motor 25 is fixedly connected to one side of the telescopic chamber 18. The second servo motor 25 is used to provide power for the movement of the connecting rod 21. A one-way screw 24 is fixedly installed through the telescopic chamber 18 at the output end of the second servo motor 25. The one-way screw 24 is located in the sliding hole 19. A second threaded hole 23 is opened in the connecting rod 21 to engage with the one-way screw 24. The one-way screw 24 converts the power provided by the second servo motor 25 into the power for the connecting rod 21 to slide on the sliding hole 19 by rotation. A second support frame 26 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 21. The telescopic chamber 18 is equipped with a limiting mechanism. Two limiting holes 20 are opened in the telescopic chamber 18 on both sides of the sliding hole 19. Limiting rods 22 are slidably connected to the two limiting holes 20, and one end of each limiting rod 22 is fixedly connected to one side of the second support frame 26. The movement trajectory of the connecting rod 21 is limited by the sliding of the limiting rods 22 on the limiting holes 20, so that it will not rotate with the rotation of the one-way screw 24. Instead, when the one-way screw 24 rotates, the connecting rod 21 will only move horizontally, thereby ensuring smooth movement.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the grinding assembly is provided with a grinding roller 41 for grinding the weld after welding. The second support frame 26 is provided with a sliding groove, and two sliding rods 38 are fixedly connected to the sliding groove. A rotating frame 39 is slidably connected between the two sliding rods 38. The rotating frame 39 can move horizontally back and forth along the sliding rods 38 to adjust the relative position of the grinding roller 41 and the weld, and to adapt to the irregular shape of the irregular reducer housing. A rotating rod 40 is rotatably connected to the rotating frame 39, and the grinding roller 41 is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating rod 40. In a further embodiment, a transmission mechanism for driving the grinding roller 41 to rotate is provided between the second transmission rod 43 and the rotating rod 40. A one-way bearing 44 is provided on the second transmission rod 43, and the one-way bearing 44 is engaged with the second transmission rod 43 in the forward rotation. The one-way bearing 44 and the second transmission rod 43 in the forward rotation are used to achieve selective linkage of grinding action. When the third servo motor 37 rotates in the forward direction, the one-way bearing 44 is in the meshing state, driving the first helical gear 45 with the outer ring fixed to rotate. When the third servo motor 37 rotates in the reverse direction, the one-way bearing 44 rotates freely, disconnecting the power transmission. At this time, the power is transmitted to the positioning plate 29 on the upper part of the turntable 27 through the speed change of the gearbox 48 to drive it to rotate. This structure does not require an additional power source or control switch, realizing differentiated power distribution of the same motor in the positioning adjustment and grinding process, improving equipment synergy and reducing costs. In a further embodiment, a first helical gear 45 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the one-way bearing 44, a fourth helical gear 50 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 40, and a second spring telescopic rod 47 is rotatably connected to the second support frame 26. A second helical gear 46 and a third helical gear 49 are fixedly connected to both ends of the second spring telescopic rod 47, and the second helical gear 46 is located in the transmission groove 42. The second helical gear 46 meshes with the first helical gear 45, and the third helical gear 49 meshes with the fourth helical gear 50, forming a complete power transmission path. The spring built into the second spring telescopic rod 47 can always provide preload force to the third helical gear 49 at one end, ensuring that the third helical gear 49 is always tightly meshed with the fourth helical gear 50 during the grinding process, avoiding the disengagement of the gear block due to equipment vibration. It can also adapt to the slight displacement of the rotating frame 39 and the undulation of the weld during grinding, and compensate for the displacement difference through its own telescopic expansion, ensuring that the grinding roller 41 always fits the weld, improving the grinding consistency, thereby adapting to the different shaped arc surfaces of the upper shell 4 and the lower shell 9 of the reducer.

[0033] The specific working principle of this welding equipment is as follows: When processing a reducer of a certain specification for the first time, the operator places the lower housing 9 of the reducer on the positioning electromagnetic block 32 of the lower positioning plate 29 in the non-processing area. The telescopic state of the positioning electromagnetic block 32 is adapted according to the size of the lower housing 9 of the reducer. When the positioning electromagnetic block 32 is squeezed by the lower housing 9 of the reducer, the spring 31 is compressed, causing the squeezed positioning electromagnetic block 32 to retract into the positioning port 30. The unsqueezed positioning electromagnetic block 32 extends out of the positioning port 30 with the support of the spring 31. The extension and retraction of the positioning electromagnetic block 32 fits the contour of the lower housing 9 of the reducer. Similarly, the upper housing 4 of the reducer is placed on the lower housing 9 of the reducer. The electric telescopic rod 28 is activated to move the upper positioning plate 29 down to the upper part of the upper housing 4 of the reducer, so that it fits the upper part of the upper housing 4 of the reducer. After fitting, the positioning frame 36 is inserted into the third positioning hole 35, and then passes through the positioning holes on the corresponding positioning electromagnetic block 32 in sequence to lock the positioning electromagnetic block 32, so that it can be directly and accurately positioned when processing reducers of the same specifications in the future. After positioning the lower housing 9 and the upper housing 4 of the reducer, the third servo motor 37 is started, causing the drive end 37 to rotate in the opposite direction, which drives the second transmission rod 43 to rotate. The second transmission rod 43 transmits to the speed change gearbox 48, which reduces its speed. The speed change end of the speed change gearbox 48 drives the positioning plate 29 on the upper part of the turntable 27 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer to rotate, so that the weld seam of the upper housing 4 and the lower housing 9 of the reducer is aligned. After the welding positions are aligned, the operator sends a command through the control panel. The PLC controller starts the second servo motor 25, drives the one-way lead screw 24 to rotate, and moves the connecting rod 21 and the second support frame 26 forward. This moves the positioned reducer lower shell 9 and reducer upper shell 4 to the processing area above the clamping frame 3, thereby separating the processing and installation areas and improving operational safety. After the lower reducer housing 9 and the upper reducer housing 4 are moved to the processing area, the first servo motor 16 is started. Its output end drives a first transmission rod 14 in the transmission chamber 13 to rotate. The gear 15 on the first transmission rod 14 rotates together. Through the meshing between the gears 15 on the two first transmission rods 14, the other first transmission rod 14 is driven to rotate synchronously. The two first transmission rods 14 are linked and drive the two bidirectional lead screws 5 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, causing the two clamping plates 7 to move relative to each other. The multiple clamping blocks 12 on the two clamping plates 7 move synchronously and come into contact with and press the lower reducer housing 9 and the upper reducer housing 4. Under the elastic action of the first spring telescopic rod 8, the multiple clamping blocks 12 fit against the two sides of the lower reducer housing 9 and the upper reducer housing 4 to achieve horizontal clamping and cooperate with vertical clamping. At this time, the upper and lower positioning electromagnetic blocks 32 are kept energized to form a stable limit on all four sides to avoid welding deformation. The PLC controller controls the welding robot arm 2 to automatically weld the joint at the connection between the lower reducer housing 9 and the upper reducer housing 4. After the joint welding is completed, the PLC controller controls the first servo motor 16 to rotate in the reverse direction, driving the two bidirectional lead screws 5 to rotate synchronously in the forward direction, causing the two clamping plates 7 to move in opposite directions, so that the clamping block 12 is released from the reducer housing, and the lateral clamping of the reducer housing is canceled. Then the third servo motor 37 is started, driving the lower positioning plate 29 and the lower reducer housing 9 and the upper reducer housing 4 to rotate synchronously, rotating the unwelded joint to the working position close to the welding robot arm 2. Then the third servo motor 37 stops rotating, and the first servo motor 16 is started again to drive the two clamping plates 7 to move relative to each other and squeeze the reducer housing, realizing the lateral clamping of the reducer housing again. The welding robot arm 2 continues to automatically weld the unwelded joint until all joints are welded. After all seams are welded, the third servo motor 37 is started and kept rotating in the forward direction. The power generated is transmitted to the turntable 27 through the second transmission rod 43 and the gearbox 48, causing the lower positioning plate 29 and the welded housing to rotate slowly and synchronously. On the other hand, because the third servo motor 37 rotates in the forward direction, the one-way bearing 44 on the second transmission rod 43 is engaged, causing the first helical gear 45 on the outer ring of the one-way bearing 44 to rotate. The first helical gear 45 meshes with the second helical gear 46, driving the second helical gear 46 to rotate through inter-gear transmission. This, in turn, drives the second spring telescopic rod 47 on one side of the second helical gear 46 and the third helical gear 49 to rotate synchronously. The third helical gear 49 meshes with the fourth helical gear 50 to transmit power, driving the fourth helical gear 50 to rotate. Finally, the power is transmitted to the rotating rod 40 to drive the grinding roller 41 to rotate synchronously. The second spring telescopic rod 47 uses its own elastic extension and contraction to make the rotating frame 39 slide horizontally along the slide rod 38 to adjust the contact position between the grinding roller 41 and the weld, so that the grinding roller 41 can accurately fit the weld. During the grinding process, it can automatically adapt to the slight displacement of the rotating frame 39, ensuring that each helical gear is always tightly meshed. As the positioning plate 29 drives the housing to rotate continuously, the grinding roller 41 can grind all the welds on the housing in an all-round and uniform manner until all the welds are ground. After grinding is completed, the PLC controller sequentially shuts down the third servo motor 37, the grinding roller 41 and the positioning electromagnetic block 32, and starts the second servo motor 25 in reverse to move the workpiece to the non-processing area. The operator then removes the workpiece, completing the entire processing flow.

[0034] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear reducer housing welding device, comprising a welding mechanical arm (2) arranged on a machining table (1), and a reducer upper housing (4) and a reducer lower housing (9) to be welded, characterized in that, Also include: The clamping frame (3) is arranged on the machining table (1), and a clamping unit including a moving assembly and a clamping assembly is arranged on the clamping frame (3), the moving assembly is provided with a clamping plate (7) for moving clamping, and the clamping assembly is provided with a plurality of clamping blocks (12) for clamping the reducer upper shell (4) and the reducer lower shell (9); The first support frame (17) is arranged on the machining table (1), and a polishing adjusting unit including a positioning assembly, an extension assembly and a polishing assembly is arranged on the first support frame (17), the positioning assembly is provided with two positioning discs (29) for positioning the reducer upper shell (4) and the reducer lower shell (9), and the two are welded by cooperating with the welding mechanical arm (2) to weld the joint, the extension assembly is provided with a connecting rod (21) for adjusting the front and rear positions of the reducer upper shell (4) and the reducer lower shell (9), and the polishing assembly is provided with a polishing roller (41) for polishing the welded joint.

2. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The first support frame (17) is fixedly connected with a controller (11), the controller (11) is fixedly connected with a PLC controller, and the PLC controller is fixedly connected with a control panel, and the control panel and the PLC controller are electrically connected; The control panel controls the start-stop and running state of the clamping unit, the polishing adjusting unit and the welding mechanical arm (2) through the PLC controller.

3. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The moving assembly includes two bidirectional screws (5) rotatably connected to the clamping frame (3), the clamping frame (3) is slidably connected with two clamping plates (7), and two first threaded holes (6) are formed in the two clamping plates (7) and are in threaded connection with the corresponding bidirectional screws (5). The clamping frame (3) is fixedly connected with a transmission chamber (13) on one side, the transmission chamber (13) is rotatably connected with two first transmission rods (14) inside, the two first transmission rods (14) are fixedly connected with gears (15) that are meshed with each other, the transmission chamber (13) is fixedly connected with a first servo motor (16) on one side, and the output end of the first servo motor (16) is fixedly connected with one end of one of the first transmission rods (14) through the transmission chamber (13).

4. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The clamping assembly includes a plurality of first spring telescopic rods (8) fixedly connected to one side of the clamping plate (7), the telescopic ends of the plurality of first spring telescopic rods (8) are fixedly connected with a connecting plate (10), one side of each connecting plate (10) is fixedly connected with a plurality of hinged seats, and the movable ends of each hinged seat are fixedly connected with one side of the clamping block (12).

5. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The telescopic assembly comprises a telescopic chamber (18) fixedly connected to the upper portion of the first support frame (17), a sliding hole (19) is formed in one side of the telescopic chamber (18), a connecting rod (21) is slidably connected to the sliding hole (19), a second servo motor (25) is fixedly connected to one side of the telescopic chamber (18), a unidirectional screw rod (24) is fixedly installed on the output end of the second servo motor (25) and penetrates through the telescopic chamber (18), and the unidirectional screw rod (24) is located in the sliding hole (19), a second threaded hole (23) is formed in the connecting rod (21) and threadedly matched with the unidirectional screw rod (24), and a second support frame (26) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod (21), and a limiting mechanism is arranged on the telescopic chamber (18).

6. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein The limiting mechanism comprises two limiting holes (20) formed in the telescopic chamber (18) and located on both sides of the sliding hole (19), and a limiting rod (22) is slidably connected to each of the two limiting holes (20), and one end of each of the two limiting rods (22) is fixedly connected to one side of the second support frame (26).

7. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein The positioning assembly comprises a rotating disc (27) fixedly connected to the second support frame (26), and a positioning disc (29) located at the lower portion and rotationally connected to the upper portion of the rotating disc (27), an electric telescopic rod (28) rotationally connected to the second support frame (26), and two positioning discs (29) oppositely arranged. A plurality of positioning openings (30) are formed in each of the two positioning discs (29), a positioning electromagnetic block (32) for positioning the upper shell (4) and the lower shell (9) of the speed reducer is slidably installed in each positioning opening (30), a spring (31) is fixedly installed between each positioning electromagnetic block (32) and the bottom of the corresponding positioning opening (30), a first positioning hole (33) and a second positioning hole (34) are formed in each positioning electromagnetic block (32) for limiting, the second positioning hole (34) is located above the first positioning hole (33), a plurality of third positioning holes (35) are formed in each of the two positioning discs (29), a positioning frame (36) is slidably connected to the plurality of third positioning holes (35), each first positioning hole (33) and second positioning hole (34) is matched with the positioning frame (36), and a speed changing mechanism is arranged on the second support frame (26).

8. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 7, wherein The speed changing mechanism comprises a transmission groove (42) formed in the second support frame (26), a third servo motor (37) fixedly connected to the upper portion of the second support frame (26), a second transmission rod (43) fixedly connected to the output end of the third servo motor (37), the second transmission rod (43) rotationally connected to the inside of the transmission groove (42), a speed changing gear box (48) fixedly connected to the lower portion of the rotating disc (27), the speed changing gear box (48) penetrates through the rotating disc (27) and is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning disc (29), and the input end of the speed changing gear box (48) penetrates into the transmission groove (42) and is fixedly connected to one end of the second transmission rod (43).

9. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 8, wherein The polishing assembly comprises a sliding groove formed on the second support frame (26), two sliding rods (38) fixedly connected on the sliding groove, and a rotating frame (39) slidably connected between the two sliding rods (38), a rotating rod (40) rotatably connected on the rotating frame (39), and a polishing roller (41) fixedly connected on the outside of the rotating rod (40), and a transmission mechanism arranged between the second transmission rod (43) and the rotating rod (40) for driving the polishing roller (41) to rotate.

10. A gear reducer housing welding apparatus according to claim 9, wherein The transmission mechanism comprises a one-way bearing (44) arranged on the second transmission rod (43) and matched with the second transmission rod (43) in forward rotation, a first bevel gear (45) fixedly connected on the outer ring of the one-way bearing (44), a fourth bevel gear (50) fixedly connected on the rotating rod (40), a second spring telescopic rod (47) rotatably connected on the second support frame (26), a second bevel gear (46) and a third bevel gear (49) fixedly connected on the two ends of the second spring telescopic rod (47) respectively, and the second bevel gear (46) located in the transmission groove (42), the second bevel gear (46) engaged with the first bevel gear (45), and the third bevel gear (49) engaged with the fourth bevel gear (50).

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