Tunnel ventilation device for highway long tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation equipment, and discloses a tunnel ventilation device for highway long tunnel construction, which comprises an air supply pipeline and an air supply outlet adjusting mechanism, an air feeder used for inputting air outside the tunnel into the tunnel along the air supply pipeline is arranged in the air supply pipeline, and an air inlet of the air supply pipeline is formed in the air supply outlet adjusting mechanism. The air supply outlet adjusting mechanism is used for driving the air inlet of the air supply pipeline to rotate in the vertical direction. The device can adjust the direction of the air inlet of the air supply pipeline according to the flowing direction of airflow, it is guaranteed that the airflow entering the tunnel is free of pollution, and the ventilation efficiency and the working environment in the tunnel are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation equipment technology, and in particular to a tunnel ventilation device for the construction of long highway tunnels in foundation pit engineering and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of highways, tunnels are a key construction link. Due to their closed and deep structure, ventilation problems are particularly prominent, especially during the tunnel excavation process. Since the tunnel is not yet open to traffic, toxic gases and dust generated during excavation diffuse into the tunnel, causing serious deterioration of the gas environment inside the tunnel.

[0003] These harmful gases (such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and blasting fumes) not only directly threaten the lives and health of construction workers, and long-term exposure can lead to acute and chronic poisoning, but high concentrations of dust can also significantly reduce visibility inside the tunnel, interfere with construction operations, accelerate the wear and tear on machinery, and pose a potential risk of dust explosions. To improve the gaseous environment inside the tunnel, mechanical ventilation is commonly used. This involves employing long-distance pipelines to forcibly transport outside air to the tunnel's end. The airflow then forces harmful gases out of the tunnel through the tunnel entrance, thereby improving the gaseous environment within the tunnel.

[0004] However, since tunnels are mostly located in mountainous areas, with tunnel entrances often situated in valleys or on hillsides, wind speeds are lower compared to mountain peaks. Therefore, during forced ventilation, harmful gases emitted from the tunnel entrance can easily be drawn back into the tunnel by the mechanical ventilation ducts. The conventional practice in related technologies is to construct the forced ventilation duct entrance 20-30 meters away from the tunnel exit. However, in practical applications, due to factors such as climate and topography, airflow direction varies significantly in mountainous areas. For example, valley winds typically occur uphill during the day and downhill at night. Consequently, harmful gases emitted from the tunnel entrance tend to diffuse upwards along the hillside during the day and horizontally in the valley at night. This poses a significant challenge to the location selection of the forced ventilation duct entrance. Even if the ventilation entrance is located far from the exit, it may still draw in polluted air at certain times due to wind direction changes. This repeated cycle not only weakens ventilation efficiency but also leads to the continuous accumulation of harmful substances inside the tunnel, exacerbating the deterioration of the working environment. Therefore, a solution is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation device for the construction of long tunnels on highways. The device can adjust the direction of the air inlet of the air supply duct according to the direction of airflow, so as to ensure that the airflow entering the tunnel is unpolluted and improve ventilation efficiency and the working environment inside the tunnel.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objective, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: A tunnel ventilation device for the construction of long highway tunnels includes an air supply duct and an air supply outlet adjustment mechanism; the air supply duct is equipped with a blower for inputting air from outside the tunnel into the tunnel along the air supply duct, and the air inlet of the air supply duct is installed on the air supply outlet adjustment mechanism; the air supply outlet adjustment mechanism is used to drive the air inlet of the air supply duct to rotate in the vertical direction.

[0007] Preferably, the air outlet adjustment mechanism includes a mounting bracket, a deflection bracket, and an extension tube drive component; the inlet section of the air supply duct is connected to one end of the extension tube via a connecting hose, and the end of the extension tube away from the connecting hose is the airflow inlet end; The mounting frame is installed on the mountainside on one side of the tunnel, and the mounting frame and the tunnel are at the same horizontal height; the deflection frame is used to fix the extension pipe, and the deflection frame and the mounting frame are hinged. A driving component is installed on the mounting frame, and the output end of the driving component is used to drive the deflection frame to rotate around the hinge point between the deflection frame and the mounting frame.

[0008] Preferably, the mounting bracket is equipped with limit support rods, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the mounting bracket, and the limit support rods are used to provide support for the extension tube.

[0009] Preferably, it further includes a filter frame for filtering the airflow entering the extension pipe; the filter frame is installed on the extension pipe and has a switching groove; the switching groove is cross-shaped; a filter plate is slidably installed on the filter frame through the switching groove; the filter plate corresponds to the limiting support rod; the length of the filter plate is greater than twice the length of the switching groove.

[0010] Preferably, the filter screen includes an I-shaped frame, a support spring, a mesh belt, an unfolding frame, and positioning beads; The I-shaped frame is slidably installed in the switching slot. First sliding grooves are provided on both sides of the I-shaped frame. The unfolding frame is slidably connected to the I-shaped frame through the first sliding grooves. A second sliding groove is provided on the unfolding frame. The second sliding groove is coaxially arranged with the first sliding groove. A support spring is fixedly installed between the unfolding frame and the I-shaped frame. The two ends of the mesh belt are fixedly connected to the unfolding frame and the I-shaped frame, respectively. The first slide groove and the second slide groove are both open on the side facing the mesh belt. The mesh belt extends into the first slide groove and the second slide groove, and positioning beads are fixedly installed in the first slide groove and the second slide groove. The total length of the first slide groove and the second slide groove is less than the length of the mesh belt.

[0011] Preferably, a test piece is installed on the filter frame. The test piece is used to measure wind speed and wind direction. The test piece includes a test tube, a push rod, and a straightening spring. The test tube is fixedly installed on the filter screen frame. The test tube has a test slot on the side facing the switching slot. A straightening spring is fixedly installed at both ends of the test slot. A push rod is fixedly installed at one end of each straightening spring that is close to each other. The push rod extends to both sides of the filter screen plate. The I-shaped frame consists of a rotating shaft and two C-shaped plates, both of which are hinged to the rotating shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the test tube body has a lifting groove, which is electrically connected to the test groove. A lifting component is slidably installed in the lifting groove. The water supply pipe extends to the bottom of the test tube body. The lifting component and the test tube body are elastically connected by a connecting spring. The lifting component extends into the water supply pipe. The top of the lifting component is inclined. The push rod extends to the inclined surface of the lifting component. The push rod, in conjunction with the connecting spring, controls the lifting component to move up and down.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a mist adsorption mechanism, which is installed on the extension pipe and adsorbs harmful gases in the air by spraying water mist.

[0014] Preferably, the mist adsorption mechanism includes a water supply pipe and a spray ring that are interconnected. The water supply pipe is connected to a high-pressure water pump. The spray ring is fixedly installed on an extension pipe and is close to the airflow inlet of the extension pipe. A spray head is installed on the spray ring and is used to spray water mist.

[0015] Preferably, the method includes the following steps: S1. Install the air supply duct into the tunnel, and select a location at the same height as the tunnel for the air supply adjustment mechanism. When selecting the location, choose an area with good ventilation. S2. Complete the construction of the air supply adjustment mechanism at the selected construction site, and connect the extension pipe (22) to the air supply pipe using a connecting hose; S3. During the day, the deflector is driven to rotate by the drive unit, which controls the opening of the extension pipe to tilt downward along the hillside. At this time, the airflow is in the form of uphill wind, and the harmful gases discharged from the tunnel are carried by the airflow and drift towards the top of the mountain. S4. At night, the deflector is driven to rotate by the drive unit, which controls the opening of the extension pipe to tilt upward along the hillside. At this time, the airflow is in the form of downhill wind, and the harmful gases discharged from the tunnel are carried by the airflow and drift into the valley area.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The device provided by the present invention, on the one hand, is offset from the tunnel entrance in the horizontal direction by the mounting bracket and the extension pipe is moved away from the tunnel entrance in the vertical direction, so that the distance between the opening of the extension pipe and the tunnel entrance is far. On the other hand, the extension direction of the extension pipe is adjusted according to the direction of airflow, so that the outside air flows through the opening of the extension pipe first and then through the tunnel entrance. By utilizing the entrainment of the airflow, the probability of the airflow in the tunnel entrance flowing into the extension pipe is effectively reduced. At the same time, since the opening of the extension pipe is directly facing the direction of airflow, with the cooperation of the blower inside the air supply pipe, the difficulty of the outside air flowing into the extension pipe and the air supply pipe will be reduced.

[0017] (2) The device provided by the present invention, by setting up a filter screen, on the one hand, utilizes the alternating use and cleaning of two mesh belts to achieve long-term filtration of the airflow in the extension pipe, reducing the negative impact of sand and gravel in the airflow on the blower. On the other hand, during the alternating use of the mesh belts, by tightening or pleating the mesh belts, the filtration area of ​​the mesh belts increases and the interception efficiency is enhanced in the pleated state, thereby enhancing the filtration effect on the airflow. At the same time, the mesh belts in the taut state are more likely to detach sand and gravel and are more likely to vibrate under the mountain wind, thereby enhancing the cleaning effect on the mesh belts. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an assembly perspective view of the mounting bracket and deflection bracket of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an assembly perspective view of the air supply duct and extension pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an assembly perspective view of the deflection frame and extension tube of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an assembled perspective view of the filter frame and filter plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the filter screen of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the mesh belt and the unfolding frame of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional view of the assembly of the test piece and the water supply pipe of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an internal structural diagram of the test piece of the present invention; Figure 10 This invention is a diagram of the internal structure of a spray ring; Figure 11 This invention is a flowchart of the method of this invention.

[0019] Figure labels and descriptions: 1. Air supply duct; 2. Mounting bracket; 21. Deflection bracket; 22. Extension tube; 23. Drive component; 24. Connecting hose; 25. Limiting support rod; 3. Filter screen frame; 31. Switching slot; 32. Support spring; 33. Mesh belt; 34. Deployment frame; 35. Positioning bead; 36. First slide groove; 37. Second slide groove; 38. Rotating shaft; 39. C-shaped plate; 4. Water supply pipe; 41. Spray ring; 42. Spray head; 43. Adjustment slot; 44. Gravity block; 5. Test tube body; 51. Test slot; 52. Straightening spring; 53. Push rod; 54. Lifting slot; 55. Lifting component; 56. Connecting spring; 57. Sealing tube. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 See Figure 1-10 As shown: The present invention provides a tunnel ventilation device for the construction of long tunnels on highways, including an air supply duct 1 and a blower installed in the air supply duct 1.

[0022] It also includes an air outlet adjustment mechanism, which is installed at the inlet section of the air supply duct 1. The air outlet adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the inlet position of the air supply duct 1, thereby reducing the probability of repeated circulation of harmful gases. The air outlet adjustment mechanism includes an extension tube 22, a mounting bracket 2, a deflection bracket 21, and a drive component 23; An extension pipe 22 is fixedly installed on the inlet section of the air supply duct 1 via a connecting hose 24, and an opening is provided at the end of the extension pipe 22 away from the connecting hose 24. A deflection frame 21 is fixedly installed on the extension tube 22. The deflection frame 21 is hinged to the mounting frame 2. A drive component 23 is installed on the mounting frame 2. The output end of the drive component 23 is connected to the deflection frame 21. Mounting frame 2 is at the same level as the tunnel. At night, extension pipe 22 slopes upward along the hillside, and during the day, extension pipe 22 slopes downward along the hillside.

[0023] Mounting bracket 2 is equipped with limit support rods 25, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of mounting bracket 2. The limit support rods 25 are used to provide support for extension tube 22.

[0024] When constructing highways, long tunnels are one of the ways highways cross mountainous areas. In order to maintain a suitable environment inside the tunnel during construction, forced ventilation is an essential measure. In order to reduce the participation of harmful gases discharged from the tunnel in the circulation during forced ventilation, this invention is equipped with an air outlet adjustment mechanism. By manually adjusting the position and orientation of the air outlet, the participation of harmful gases in the air circulation is reduced as much as possible during the alternation of day and night.

[0025] Specifically, during tunnel excavation, the air supply duct 1 extends from the outlet into the tunnel, while the air supply end extends to the hillside where the tunnel is located. Unlike existing technologies, this invention, after determining the tunnel location, selects a well-ventilated area spanning 20-30 meters on a hillside at the same height as the tunnel as the location for the air supply outlet adjustment mechanism. During setup, the mounting frame 2 is directly fixed to the hillside, and the extension pipe 22 is connected to the air supply duct 1 via a connecting hose 24. In actual use, the direction of the extension pipe 22 is adjusted according to day and night. For example, during the day, because the hillside heats up faster, the air temperature rises, while the valley has a relatively lower temperature, the air sinks, forming a compensating airflow from the valley to the hillside. When the airflow passes through the tunnel exit, it will carry the air discharged from the tunnel entrance and flow upward along the hillside. At this time, driven by the drive component 23, the deflector 21 carries the extension pipe 22 to rotate, causing the extension pipe 22 to extend downward along the hillside. At night, the hillside radiates and cools quickly, so the air sinks and slides along the hillside into the valley area, forming a downhill wind. When it flows through the tunnel entrance, it carries the airflow discharged from the tunnel. At this time, the gas discharged from the tunnel diffuses horizontally in the valley. At this time, the extension pipe 22 extends upward along the slope of the hillside under the action of the drive component 23 and the deflector 21. Therefore, in the process of airflow delivery and intake in the air supply duct 1, by changing the extension direction of the extension pipe 22, the probability of the airflow discharged from the tunnel entrance flowing back to the extension pipe 22 is effectively reduced.

[0026] In practical applications, the mounting bracket 2 is offset from the tunnel entrance in the horizontal direction, and the extension pipe 22 is moved away from the tunnel entrance in the vertical direction, so that the opening of the extension pipe 22 is far from the tunnel entrance. On the other hand, the extension direction of the extension pipe 22 is adjusted according to the direction of airflow, so that the outside air first flows through the opening of the extension pipe 22 and then flows through the tunnel entrance. By utilizing the entrainment of airflow, the probability of airflow in the tunnel entrance flowing into the extension pipe 22 is effectively reduced. At the same time, since the opening of the extension pipe 22 is directly facing the direction of airflow, with the cooperation of the blower inside the air supply duct 1, the difficulty of outside air flowing into the extension pipe 22 and the air supply duct 1 will be reduced.

[0027] Example 2 Based on the above embodiment 1 technical solution, a filter screen frame 3 is embedded in the middle of the extension tube 22. A switching groove 31 is provided on the filter screen frame 3. The switching groove 31 is cross-shaped. A filter screen plate is slidably installed on the filter screen frame 3 through the switching groove 31. The filter screen plate corresponds to the limiting support rod 25. The length of the filter screen plate is more than twice the length of the switching groove 31.

[0028] The filter screen consists of an I-shaped frame, a support spring 32, a mesh belt 33, an unfolding frame 34, and positioning beads 35; The I-shaped frame is slidably installed in the switching slot 31. The I-shaped frame has a first sliding groove 36 on both sides. The unfolding frame 34 is slidably connected to the I-shaped frame through the first sliding groove 36. The unfolding frame 34 has a second sliding groove 37. The second sliding groove 37 is coaxially arranged with the first sliding groove 36. A support spring 32 is fixedly installed between the unfolding frame 34 and the I-shaped frame. The two ends of the mesh belt 33 are fixedly connected to the unfolding frame 34 and the I-shaped frame, respectively. The first slide groove 36 and the second slide groove 37 are both open on the side facing the mesh belt 33. The mesh belt 33 extends into the first slide groove 36 and the second slide groove 37, and the mesh belt 33 is fixedly installed with positioning beads 35 in the first slide groove 36 and the second slide groove 37. The total length of the first slide groove 36 and the second slide groove 37 is less than the length of the mesh belt 33.

[0029] When the opening of the extension tube 22 faces the airflow directly, sand and gravel carried in the airflow are more likely to enter the extension tube 22. To reduce the probability of sand and gravel clogging the extension tube 22, in this invention, a filter frame 3 is provided in the middle of the extension tube 22, and a filter plate is installed in the filter frame 3. When the deflector 21 carries the extension tube 22 to adjust the extension direction, as the deflector 21 and the extension tube 22 continue to rotate, and as the bottom of the extension tube 22 gradually approaches the limiting support rod 25, the bottom of the filter plate will be supported by the limiting support rod 25. Under the interaction of forces, The filter screen slides within the switching groove 31. During this process, the filter frame 3 first slides upward within the switching groove 31, and the unfolding frame 34, which contacts the limiting support rod 25, compresses the support spring 32 and extends into the first sliding groove 36. At this time, the first sliding groove 36 and the second sliding groove 37 partially overlap, thereby reducing their total length. This causes the mesh belt 33, which is fixedly installed between the unfolding frame 34 and the I-shaped frame, to gradually relax from a taut state. Under the limiting action of the positioning bead 35, the mesh belt 33 is in a folded state between the unfolding frame 34 and the I-shaped frame. The end of the filter screen away from the limiting support rod 25 extends to the outside of the filter frame 3 through the opening of the switching groove 31. Under the action of the support spring 32, the unfolding frame 34 at this end gradually moves away from the I-shaped frame, causing the overlap length of the first sliding groove 36 and the second sliding groove 37 to gradually decrease, and the total length of the first sliding groove 36 and the second sliding groove 37 to increase. This, in turn, pulls on the mesh belt 33 at this end, causing the mesh belt 33 to straighten. During the subsequent long-term air supply process, the mesh belt 33 in a pleated state filters the airflow in the extension pipe 22, while the mesh belt in a straightened and unfolded state... The mesh belt 33, located outside the extension pipe 22, is impacted by the airflow in the environment, and is thus cleaned by the airflow. When the deflector 21 carries the extension pipe 22 and switches its extension direction again, the above process is repeated, causing the taut mesh belt 33 to fold and enter the extension pipe 22. The folded mesh belt 33 then tauts and moves to the outside of the extension pipe 22, realizing the alternation of the mesh belt 33. In long-term air supply operations, the alternation of the mesh belt 33 transfers the sand and gravel entering the extension pipe 22 to the extension pipe 22, reducing the impact of sand and gravel on the airflow in the extension pipe 22.

[0030] In practical applications, by setting up filter screens, on the one hand, the alternating use and cleaning of the two mesh belts 33 can achieve long-term filtration of the airflow in the extension pipe 22, reducing the negative impact of sand and gravel in the airflow on the blower. On the other hand, during the alternating use of the mesh belts 33, by tightening or pleating the mesh belts 33, the filtration area of ​​the mesh belts 33 increases and the interception efficiency is enhanced in the pleated state, thereby enhancing the filtration effect on the airflow. At the same time, the mesh belts 33 in the straight state are more likely to detach sand and gravel and are more likely to vibrate under the mountain wind, thereby enhancing the cleaning effect of the mesh belts 33.

[0031] Example 3 Based on the above-mentioned technical solutions of embodiments 1 and 2, a mist adsorption mechanism is also included. The mist adsorption mechanism is installed on the extension pipe 22. The mist adsorption mechanism adsorbs and draws in harmful gases in the air by spraying water mist. The mist adsorption mechanism includes a water supply pipe 4 and a spray ring 41 that are interconnected. The water supply pipe 4 is connected to a high-pressure water pump. The spray ring 41 is fixedly installed on the extension pipe 22 and is close to the opening end of the extension pipe 22. A spray head 42 is installed on the spray ring 41 and is used to spray water mist.

[0032] The spray ring 41 is an incompletely annular pipe, and the spray heads 42 are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the spray pipe. An adjustment groove 43 is provided at the connection between the spray ring 41 and the water supply pipe 4. A gravity block 44 is slidably installed in the adjustment groove 43. The gravity block 44 is used to adjust the connection between the water supply pipe 4 and the two sets of spray heads 42.

[0033] Although the airflow in mountainous areas has a certain regularity, in actual applications, there are still times when the airflow direction is irregular, or when the airflow direction is uncertain due to external factors. Therefore, in order to further reduce the re-entry of harmful gases emitted at the tunnel entrance into the tunnel, in this invention, a mist adsorption mechanism is installed at the end of the extension pipe 22. The mist adsorption mechanism washes the air around the extension pipe 22 by spraying water mist, thereby adsorbing and settling dust and some harmful gases in the air, thereby reducing the harmfulness of the airflow in the extension pipe 22.

[0034] Specifically, when the extension pipe 22 deflects, the gravity block 44 descends along the adjustment groove 43 under the action of gravity, thereby blocking a lower channel in the spray ring 41, causing the water supply pipe 4 to be connected to the upper area of ​​the spray ring 41. Under the continuous water flow from the water supply pipe 4, the water flows through the spray head 42 and is sprayed out in the form of water mist. The sprayed water mist diffuses and settles above the extension pipe 22, ultimately purifying the surrounding air. During the continuous airflow extraction process of the extension pipe 22, the probability of harmful gases and dust entering the extension pipe 22 is reduced.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a test piece is installed on the filter frame 3. The test piece is used to measure wind speed and wind direction. The test piece includes a test tube 5, a push rod 53 and a straightening spring 52. The test tube 5 is fixedly installed on the filter screen frame 3. The test tube 5 has a test slot 51 on the side facing the switching slot 31. Both ends of the test slot 51 are fixedly installed with a straightening spring 52. Both ends of the straightening springs 52 are fixedly installed with a push rod 53 at one end close to each other. The push rod 53 extends to both sides of the filter screen plate. The I-shaped frame consists of a pivot 38 and two C-shaped plates 39, both of which are hinged to the pivot 38.

[0036] The test tube body 5 is provided with a lifting groove 54, which is connected to the test groove 51. A lifting component 55 is slidably installed in the lifting groove 54. The water supply pipe 4 extends to the bottom of the test tube body 5. The lifting component 55 and the test tube body 5 are elastically connected by a connecting spring 56. The lifting component 55 extends into the water supply pipe 4. The top of the lifting component 55 is set with an inclined surface. The push rod 53 extends to the inclined surface of the lifting component 55. The push rod 53 cooperates with the connecting spring 56 to control the lifting component 55 to move up and down.

[0037] A sealing pipe 57 is installed on the water supply pipe 4. A sealing gasket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sealing pipe 57, and the lifting component 55 is tightly fitted with the sealing gasket.

[0038] Since spray treatment is greatly affected by airflow, in order to maximize the spray treatment effect, a test piece is provided on the filter frame 3 in this invention. After the extension direction of the extension tube 22 is adjusted, the filter plate unfolds at the top of the extension tube 22. During the upward and unfolding process of the filter plate, the filter plate passes through the middle of the push rod 53. Under the elastic action of the two straightening springs 52 in the test slot 51, the two push rods 53 are distributed on both sides of the filter plate. The elasticity of the straightening springs 52 is used to support the filter plate. When the airflow velocity in the surrounding air is low, the filter plate is straight. However, when the airflow velocity in the surrounding environment increases, the unfolding frame 34 at the top of the filter plate is far away from the I-shaped frame, and the top mesh belt 33 is in the unfolded position. In the open state, a large windward area is formed. When the airflow impacts the mesh belt 33, the mesh belt 33 and the unfolding frame 34 exert pressure on the I-shaped frame under the impact of the airflow, causing the I-shaped frame formed by the hinge of the rotating shaft 38 and the C-shaped plate 39 to deform. That is to say, the filter screen plate is located at the outer end of the filter screen frame 3 and gradually tilts under the impact of the airflow. The tilting of the filter screen plate pushes the push rod 53 to slide in the test groove 51. The sliding of the push rod 53, in conjunction with the connecting spring 56, causes the lifting component 55 to rise and fall in the lifting groove 54. Since the bottom end of the lifting groove 54 extends into the water supply pipe 4 through the sealed tank, the rise and fall of the lifting component 55 will cause the volume of the lifting component 55 in the water supply pipe 4 to increase or decrease, thereby realizing the adjustment of the water supply rate of the water supply pipe 4.

[0039] Specifically, in the initial state, under the action of the two straightening springs 52, the push rod 53 is located in the middle of the test slot 51. At this time, the lifting component 55 extends into the water supply pipe 4, and the spraying speed of the spray head 42 is at a medium level. When the ambient airflow is opposite to the extension pipe 22, the airflow impacts the filter plate, causing the lifting component 55 to descend. The lifting component 55 gradually blocks the water supply pipe 4, and the spraying efficiency of the spray head 42 decreases. This is because at this time, the airflow first flows through the opening of the extension pipe 22 and then through the tunnel entrance. It is difficult for the exhaust gas from the tunnel entrance to flow into the opening of the extension pipe 22. In order to save water resources, the water mist spraying efficiency is reduced. When the ambient airflow is opposite to the extension pipe 22, the airflow impacts the filter plate, causing the lifting component 55 to descend. The lifting component 55 gradually blocks the water supply pipe 4, and the spraying efficiency of the spray head 42 decreases. When the extension directions are the same, the filter plate pushes the push rod 53, which in turn pushes the lifting component 55 with the connecting spring 56, causing the lifting component 55 to rise. As the lifting component 55 rises, the area blocked by the water supply pipe 4 decreases, resulting in an increase in the cross-section of the water supply pipe 4. At this time, the spraying efficiency of the spray head 42 gradually increases until the spraying efficiency of the spray head 42 reaches its maximum value. This is because the airflow direction is the same as the extension direction of the extension pipe 22. The airflow first flows through the tunnel entrance and then through the opening of the extension pipe 22. Therefore, the probability of tunnel exhaust gas entering the extension pipe 22 increases. At this time, increasing the spraying efficiency can improve the adsorption and sedimentation effect on the airflow and reduce the amount of tunnel gas entering the extension pipe 22.

[0040] Example 4 like Figure 11 As shown, a method for using a tunnel ventilation device for the construction of long highway tunnels includes the following steps: S1. Install the air supply duct 1 into the tunnel, and select a location at the same height as the tunnel for the air supply adjustment mechanism. When selecting the location, choose a well-ventilated area. S2. Complete the construction of the air supply adjustment mechanism at the selected construction site, and connect the extension pipe 22 to the air supply duct 1 using the connecting hose 24; S3. During the daytime, the deflector 21 is driven to rotate by the drive component 23, and the opening of the extension pipe 22 is controlled to tilt downward along the hillside. At this time, the airflow is in the form of uphill wind, and the harmful gases discharged from the tunnel are carried by the airflow and drift towards the mountaintop. S4. At night, the deflector 21 is driven to rotate by the drive unit 23, and the opening of the extension pipe 22 is controlled to tilt upward along the hillside. At this time, the airflow is in the form of downhill wind, and the harmful gases discharged from the tunnel are carried by the airflow and drift into the valley area.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel ventilation device for expressway long tunnel construction, comprising a supply air duct (1) and a supply air outlet adjusting mechanism; a supply air fan for inputting air outside the tunnel into the tunnel along the supply air duct (1) is arranged in the supply air duct (1), and the air inlet of the supply air duct (1) is mounted on the supply air outlet adjusting mechanism; the supply air outlet adjusting mechanism is used to drive the air inlet of the supply air duct (1) to rotate in the vertical direction.

2. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supply air outlet adjusting mechanism comprises a mounting frame (2), a deflection frame (21), an extension pipe (22) driving member (23); the inlet section of the supply air duct (1) is communicated with one end of the extension pipe (22) through a connecting hose (24), and the end of the extension pipe (22) away from the connecting hose (24) is the inlet end of the airflow; The mounting frame (2) is mounted on the mountain on one side of the tunnel, and the mounting frame (2) is at the same horizontal height as the tunnel; the deflection frame (21) is used to fix the extension pipe (22), and the deflection frame (21) is hinged with the mounting frame; a driving member (23) is mounted on the mounting frame (2), and the output end of the driving member (23) is used to drive the deflection frame (21) to rotate around the hinge point of the deflection frame (21) and the mounting frame (2).

3. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 2, characterized in that, A limiting support rod (25) is mounted on the mounting frame (2), the limiting support rod (25) is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the mounting frame (2), and the limiting support rod (25) is used to provide support for the extension pipe (22).

4. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also comprises a filter screen frame (3) for filtering the airflow entering the extension pipe (22); the filter screen frame (3) is mounted on the extension pipe (22), and a switching groove (31) is formed in the filter screen frame (3); the switching groove (31) is designed in a cross shape; the filter screen frame (3) is slidably mounted with a filter screen plate through the switching groove (31); the filter screen plate corresponds to the limiting support rod (25); the length of the filter screen plate is more than twice the length of the switching groove (31).

5. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filter screen plate comprises a H-shaped frame, a supporting spring (32), a mesh belt (33), an unfolding frame (34) and a positioning bead (35); The H-shaped frame is slidably mounted in the switching groove (31), first sliding grooves (36) are formed on both sides of the H-shaped frame, the unfolding frame (34) is slidably connected with the H-shaped frame through the first sliding grooves (36), second sliding grooves (37) are formed in the unfolding frame (34), the second sliding grooves (37) are coaxially arranged with the first sliding grooves (36), and the supporting spring (32) is fixedly arranged between the unfolding frame (34) and the H-shaped frame; The mesh belt (33) is fixedly connected with the unfolding frame (34) and the H-shaped frame at both ends, the first sliding grooves (36) and the second sliding grooves (37) are both open at the side of the mesh belt (33), the mesh belt (33) extends into the first sliding grooves (36) and the second sliding grooves (37), and the positioning bead (35) is fixedly arranged in the first sliding grooves (36) and the second sliding grooves (37) of the mesh belt (33), and the total length of the first sliding grooves (36) and the second sliding grooves (37) is less than the length of the mesh belt (33).

6. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filter screen frame (3) is provided with a test piece for measuring wind speed and direction, which comprises a test pipe body (5), a push rod (53) and a righting spring (52); The test pipe body (5) is fixedly installed on the filter screen frame (3), and a test groove (51) is formed in the test pipe body (5) towards the switching groove (31) side, both ends of the test groove (51) are fixedly provided with righting springs (52), and both ends of the righting springs (52) close to each other are fixedly provided with push rods (53), and the push rods (53) extend to both sides of the filter screen plate. The H-shaped frame is composed of a rotating shaft (38) and two C-shaped plates (39), and the two C-shaped plates (39) are hingedly connected with the rotating shaft (38).

7. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 6, characterized in that, A lifting groove (54) is formed in the test pipe body (5), the lifting groove (54) is in communication with the test groove (51), a lifting piece (55) is slidably installed in the lifting groove (54), the water supply pipe (4) extends below the test pipe body (5), the lifting piece (55) and the test pipe body (5) are elastically connected through a connecting spring (56), the lifting piece (55) extends into the water supply pipe (4), the top end of the lifting piece (55) is provided with an inclined surface, the push rod (53) extends to the inclined surface of the lifting piece (55), and the push rod (53) controls the lifting piece (55) to move up and down in cooperation with the connecting spring (56).

8. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 3 or 7, characterized in that, Further comprising a mist adsorption mechanism installed on the extension pipe (22), which adsorbs harmful gases in the air by spraying water mist.

9. The tunnel ventilation device for construction of a long tunnel of an expressway according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mist adsorption mechanism comprises a water supply pipe (4) and a spray ring (41) in communication, the water supply pipe (4) is connected with a high-pressure water pump, the spray ring (41) is fixedly installed on the extension pipe (22), and the spray ring (41) is close to the air inlet of the extension pipe (22), a spray head (42) is installed on the spray ring (41), and the spray head (42) is used for spraying water mist.

10. A method of using a tunnel ventilation device for long highway tunnel construction according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, install the air supply pipeline (1) into the tunnel, and select the installation site of the air supply adjusting mechanism at the same height of the tunnel, and select a smooth ventilation area when selecting the installation site; S2, complete the installation of the air supply adjusting mechanism at the selected installation site, and connect the extension pipe (22) and the air supply pipeline (1) by using the connecting hose (24); S3, during the day, the deflection frame (21) is rotated by the driving piece (23), the opening of the extension pipe (22) is controlled to be inclined downward along the slope, at this time, the airflow presents in the form of upslope wind, and the harmful gases discharged from the tunnel are dispersed towards the mountain top under the wrapping of the airflow; S4, at night, the deflection frame (21) is rotated by the driving piece (23), the opening of the extension pipe (22) is controlled to be inclined upward along the slope, at this time, the airflow presents in the form of downslope wind, and the harmful gases discharged from the tunnel are dispersed towards the valley area under the wrapping of the airflow.

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