Underground ventilation system and method

Abstract

The invention provides an underground ventilation system and method, and belongs to the technical field of underground ventilation equipment, according to the technical scheme, the underground ventilation system comprises an air supply pipeline and a dust removal pipeline, the air supply pipeline and the dust removal pipeline are both laid to the head-on position, and the ends, close to the working face, of the air supply pipeline and the dust removal pipeline are jointly connected with a pipeline switching device; the underground ventilation system further comprises a public air duct, the public air duct is arranged between the head-on position and the working face, one end of the public air duct is fixedly connected with tunneling equipment located on the working face, and the other end of the public air duct is connected with the pipeline switching device. According to the underground ventilation method, the public air duct is controlled to be switched and communicated with the air supply pipeline or the dust removal pipeline through the pipeline switching device. The method has the beneficial effects that the discontinuous tunneling scene can be accurately adapted, and invalid energy consumption is effectively reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of underground ventilation equipment, and particularly relates to an underground ventilation system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Underground ventilation is the core guarantee for mine safety production, and is directly related to the life and health of operating personnel and the stable operation of equipment. During underground operation, personnel and oil machinery need to continuously consume oxygen to maintain normal operation, while operations such as blasting and tunneling produce a large amount of toxic and harmful gases and dust. If they cannot be promptly discharged or diluted, safety accidents will occur. Therefore, an efficient and stable ventilation system is an indispensable key facility for underground operation, and its rationality and adaptability of operation directly affect the safety and economy of mine production.

[0003] As shown in the patent with publication number CN118757209A, the existing underground ventilation system adopts a double-draft-tube structure separating air supply and dust removal, and is equipped with a pressure-in type draft tube and a suction type draft tube double-channel, which is matched with a variable frequency local ventilation fan, a dry dust removal fan, and a host controller and other core equipment. Some systems also add intelligent air distribution devices, adjustable air doors, and air volume sensors to adjust the air volume through data acquisition and control logic, ensuring the dust control effect during tunneling. Some systems also set up a slide and an extendable draft tube, so that the draft tube can be extended synchronously with the tunneling process to maintain the continuity of ventilation and dust removal. All existing systems are designed with double-draft-tube parallel operation as the core, and the ventilation and dust removal functions are continuously covered by continuously turning on the air supply and dust removal related equipment.

[0004] However, the existing ventilation system cannot adapt to the actual production needs of intermittent tunneling underground. Underground tunneling operations are not continuous, and there are a large number of non-tunneling periods. At this time, there is no need for high-intensity dust removal operation, but the double-draft-tube and supporting power equipment of the existing system still need to be continuously operated. The dust removal side fan needs to maintain low-load operation even during non-tunneling periods to cooperate with the air volume monitoring and control logic of the system, resulting in a mismatch between energy consumption and actual demand, a large amount of invalid energy consumption, and a failure to meet the core requirements of energy saving and consumption reduction in mine production. SUMMARY

[0005] The application provides an underground ventilation system and method that can accurately adapt to intermittent tunneling scenarios and effectively reduce invalid energy consumption to solve the problem of invalid energy consumption caused by the inadaptability of the existing ventilation system to intermittent tunneling underground.

[0006] Firstly, to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in this application is an underground ventilation system, including an air supply pipe and a dust removal pipe. Both the air supply pipe and the dust removal pipe are laid to the face, and the ends of the air supply pipe and the dust removal pipe near the working face are connected to a pipe switching device. The underground ventilation system also includes a common ventilation duct, which is located between the face and the working face. One end of the common ventilation duct is fixedly connected to the tunneling equipment located at the working face, and the other end of the common ventilation duct is connected to the pipe switching device. The pipe switching device can control the common ventilation duct to switch between the air supply pipe and the dust removal pipe.

[0007] This technical solution addresses the operational characteristics of intermittent tunneling scenarios. By connecting the air supply duct and dust removal duct to a duct switching device at the face, and combining this with a common ventilation duct located between the face and the working face, with both ends connected to the tunneling equipment and the duct switching device, the system can flexibly adjust its functional mode according to the working status of the tunneling equipment. During tunneling, it adapts to dust removal needs, while in non-tunneling states, it only provides necessary ventilation. This avoids the problem in the comparison documents where a single ventilation or dust removal mode continuously operates under non-corresponding conditions. Therefore, it accurately matches the needs of intermittent tunneling scenarios, effectively reducing energy waste caused by ineffective dust removal system operation or excessive air supply when dust removal is not required, and significantly reducing ineffective energy consumption.

[0008] Furthermore, the public ventilation duct is made of flexible materials. Flexible materials possess excellent flexibility and ductility, easily adapting to the complex underground environment, especially in the narrow area between the face and the working face. They can flexibly avoid obstacles such as equipment and supports within the tunnel, reducing installation difficulty. Simultaneously, when the tunneling equipment moves, the flexible ventilation duct can adapt to the deformation, avoiding the breakage and damage problems common with rigid materials, thus extending the duct's service life. Compared to traditional rigid ventilation ducts, flexible materials are lighter, making handling and laying easier and significantly improving construction efficiency. Moreover, in the event of sudden tunnel deformation, the flexible ventilation duct can better maintain structural integrity, ensuring uninterrupted ventilation or dust removal functions and providing a continuous and stable airflow channel for underground operations.

[0009] Furthermore, the pipeline switching device includes a support frame. The ends of both the air supply pipeline and the dust removal pipeline near the working face are fixed to the support frame. The support frame is equipped with a duct connector and a switching mechanism. The switching mechanism can drive the duct connector to move to the docking position of the air supply pipeline or the dust removal pipeline. A sealing cylinder is connected to the end of the common duct near the support frame. The sealing cylinder is equipped with a connecting mechanism, which controls the insertion and engagement of the sealing cylinder and the duct connector. The support frame provides centralized fixation for the air supply pipeline and the dust removal pipeline, preventing positional displacement due to underground vibration or personnel collisions, thus laying a structural foundation for subsequent precise switching. The insertion and engagement design of the duct connector and the sealing cylinder replaces traditional flange connections and other complex methods, simplifying the docking process. The coordinated work of the switching mechanism and the connecting mechanism makes the switching of the common duct between air supply and dust removal functions more controllable. This integrated design not only reduces the space occupied by the device, adapting to limited underground working areas, but also reduces the number of pipeline connection points, lowers the risk of airflow leakage, ensures air supply efficiency and dust removal effect, and provides stable structural support for subsequent automated control.

[0010] Furthermore, the support frame is equipped with a sliding track, and the air duct connector slides into the track. The switching mechanism includes a linear drive motor, which is located outside the air duct connector. The motor housing is fixedly connected to the support frame, and the output end of the linear drive motor is fixedly connected to the air duct connector. The extension and retraction direction of the linear drive motor output end is the same as the direction of the connection between the air supply duct and the dust removal duct. The sliding engagement between the track and the air duct connector provides a precise movement trajectory for the air duct connector, effectively avoiding offset and jamming problems during switching, and ensuring that the air duct connector can be stably aligned with the air supply or dust removal duct. The linear drive motor features fast response speed and stable driving force. Its design, with the extension and retraction direction of the output end aligned with the direction of the duct connection, makes the movement path of the air duct connector straight, shortening the switching stroke. Switching from air supply mode to dust removal mode can be completed in just a few seconds, perfectly adapting to the frequent switching needs in intermittent tunneling. Compared to traditional manual switching methods, motor drive not only reduces the intensity of manual labor but also avoids errors caused by manual operation, ensuring switching accuracy at the millimeter level and guaranteeing docking sealing. At the same time, motor drive can be remotely operated through the control system, reducing the risks to downhole personnel.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer circumferential surface of the sealing cylinder is conical, and the smaller diameter end of the sealing cylinder is positioned opposite the air duct connector. The conical structure has a natural guiding effect; during the docking process between the sealing cylinder and the air duct connector, the smaller diameter end can quickly insert into the air duct connector. The gradually expanding characteristic of the conical surface guides the sealing cylinder and air duct connector to automatically align, avoiding the problem of precise alignment during docking and significantly improving docking efficiency. Simultaneously, the conical mating method changes the contact area between the sealing cylinder and the air duct connector from a ring-shaped line contact to a ring-shaped surface contact, significantly increasing the contact area. Combined with the subsequent clamping mechanism, this creates a multiple sealing effect, effectively preventing airflow leakage from the connection gap. In the high humidity and dusty environment underground, the conical structure also reduces dust accumulation at the connection point, minimizing sealing failure caused by dust blockage, ensuring long-term stable sealing performance, and providing a guarantee for stable air pressure during ventilation or dust removal processes.

[0012] Furthermore, limiting plates are fixedly installed on the support at the positions corresponding to the air supply pipe and dust removal pipe. The connecting mechanism includes two clamping cylinders, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cylinder. The cylinder barrels of the clamping cylinders are fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder, and the piston rods of the clamping cylinders are arranged opposite to the corresponding limiting plates. The extension and retraction direction of the piston rods of the clamping cylinders is the same as the axial direction of the air duct joint. The limiting plates provide stable force support points for the clamping cylinders, so that the force exerted when the cylinder piston rods extend can be accurately converted into axial pressure of the sealing cylinder, avoiding sealing problems caused by pressure dispersion. The symmetrical arrangement of the two clamping cylinders can apply uniform axial force from both sides of the sealing cylinder, ensuring that the mating surface between the sealing cylinder and the air duct joint is force-balanced, avoiding uneven wear and leakage caused by unilateral force. The cylinder drive method has the feature of adjustable pressure, which can flexibly adjust the clamping force according to the air pressure requirements of underground ventilation or dust removal. The clamping force protection components are reduced during low-pressure ventilation, and the clamping force is increased to strengthen the seal during high-pressure dust removal. Compared to mechanical clamping, cylinder-driven systems offer faster response and can be linked with switching mechanisms to achieve automated clamping, reducing manual intervention and improving the overall automation level of the system.

[0013] Furthermore, a telescopic rod is installed between the ventilation duct joint and the sealing cylinder. One end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the ventilation duct joint, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cylinder of the clamping cylinder. A return spring is fitted around the telescopic rod. The telescopic rod provides precise guidance for the movement of the sealing cylinder, ensuring that the sealing cylinder always aligns or separates along the axial direction of the ventilation duct joint, avoiding docking failure or seal damage due to radial offset. Together with the slide rail, it forms a double-guide structure, further improving switching accuracy. The return spring has an automatic reset function. When the piston rod of the clamping cylinder retracts, the elastic restoring force of the spring can quickly drive the sealing cylinder and the ventilation duct joint to separate, shortening the switching interval time. At the same time, during docking, the spring can act as a buffer, avoiding structural damage caused by rigid collision between the sealing cylinder and the ventilation duct joint. In addition, the telescopic rod also protects the return spring, preventing the spring from rusting or jamming in the dusty environment underground, ensuring that the spring maintains good elastic performance for a long time, extending the service life of the entire connection mechanism, and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0014] Furthermore, a differential pressure sensor is installed inside the dust collection duct. This sensor detects the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the duct. The duct is connected to the dust collection fan, which is electrically connected to the sensor. The sensor monitors pressure changes within the duct in real time. When tunneling operations generate a large amount of dust, the airflow resistance increases, and the pressure difference rises accordingly. The sensor immediately transmits a signal to the dust collection fan, which automatically increases its speed to enhance suction and ensure rapid dust removal. When dust levels decrease during non-tunneling operations, the pressure difference decreases, and the fan automatically reduces its speed or stops, preventing energy waste caused by continuous high-speed operation. This intelligent control method based on pressure difference precisely matches the operating status of the dust collection fan with the actual amount of dust generated, reducing ineffective energy consumption by more than 30% compared to the traditional constant-speed operation mode of the fan. Meanwhile, the real-time monitoring of the differential pressure sensor can also detect faults such as pipe blockage and leakage in a timely manner. When the pressure difference fluctuates abnormally, it can trigger an alarm signal, which makes it easier for staff to quickly troubleshoot the problem, ensure the stable operation of the dust removal system, and avoid the risk of dust accumulation caused by faults.

[0015] Furthermore, the end of the public ventilation duct that is fixedly connected to the tunneling equipment is located at the top of the equipment. Positioning the ventilation duct at the top allows airflow to be directly delivered from above the equipment to the core area of ​​the working face, forming a top-down airflow circulation that effectively covers the dust source at the tunneling head. During underground tunneling operations, dust typically rises from the bottom of the working face; top-mounted air supply or dust extraction creates a reverse airflow to suppress dust, preventing it from spreading upwards to the personnel's working height and significantly improving the air quality in the working environment. In addition, the top-mounted installation position of the ventilation duct avoids impacts from gravel and debris generated during equipment operation, reducing the risk of damage, while not affecting the normal operation and movement of the equipment, and preventing interference between the ventilation duct and moving parts of the equipment. Compared to side connections, top connections also reduce the bending angle of the ventilation duct during operation, lowering airflow resistance, improving air supply or dust removal efficiency, and ensuring that the working face always maintains sufficient fresh air or good dust removal performance.

[0016] Secondly, this application also provides a downhole ventilation method, which utilizes a downhole ventilation system and includes the following steps. When the tunneling equipment is not in the tunneling state, the control pipeline switching device connects the common ventilation duct with the air supply pipeline. The air in the air supply pipeline reaches the working face directly through the common ventilation duct, and the air at the working face moves towards the facing position. When the tunneling equipment is in the tunneling state, the control pipeline switching device connects the common ventilation duct and the dust removal pipeline. The air in the air supply pipeline flows from the face towards the working face, and the air at the working face enters the common ventilation duct and is discharged from the dust removal pipeline.

[0017] Adaptable to intermittent working conditions, reducing ineffective energy consumption. When not tunneling, only the air supply duct is connected to ensure basic ventilation, preventing the dust removal system from running idle; during tunneling, the system switches to the dust removal duct for centralized dust treatment, eliminating the need for redundant equipment. This on-demand control mode eliminates the drawbacks of traditional systems operating at full capacity 24 / 7, significantly reducing energy waste and lowering operating costs. Optimized airflow organization improves the working environment. When not tunneling, fresh air reaches the working face directly through the shared ventilation duct, pushing polluted air out in an orderly manner and ensuring sufficient oxygen; during tunneling, the air supply duct directionally pushes dust into the shared ventilation duct, where it is efficiently discharged through the dust removal duct, preventing dust diffusion and creating a safe and clean environment for personnel. Clear operating logic enhances reliability. Switching is based on equipment status, making operation simple and easy to master, reducing human error; the dual-purpose duct reduces pipeline layout, and the switching device achieves seamless functional integration, ensuring the system is synchronized with the work rhythm and supporting continuous tunneling.

[0018] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the advantages of this application are: 1. Adapts to intermittent tunneling conditions, switches ventilation and dust removal functions as needed, avoids redundant equipment operating ineffectively, and significantly reduces energy consumption.

[0019] 2. Optimize airflow organization to accurately cover the core area of ​​the working face, ensure oxygen supply and efficiently remove dust, and improve the working environment.

[0020] 3. The compact structural design and reliable switching reduce piping layout and manual intervention, improving system stability and ease of operation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the embodiment of this application in a non-tunneling state; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the tunneling state according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the location of the pipeline switching device; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pipeline switching device in a specific embodiment of this application.

[0023] In the diagram: 10. Air supply duct; 20. Dust removal duct; 30. Heading position; 40. Working face; 50. Pipe switching device; 51. Support; 52. Slide rail; 53. Air duct connector; 54. Linear drive motor; 55. Sealing cylinder; 56. Limit plate; 57. Clamping cylinder; 58. Return spring; 60. Common air duct; 61. Tunneling equipment; 62. Dust removal fan. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0025] Example 1: A downhole ventilation system, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, its core structure includes an air supply duct 10, a dust removal duct 20, a duct switching device 50, a common air duct 60, a dust removal fan 62, and related auxiliary components. The specific structure and connection relationship of each component are as follows: Both the air supply duct 10 and the dust removal duct 20 extend along the underground roadway in the same direction, running through the roadway to the face 30 and continuing to the working area near the working face 40, forming a parallel dual-duct infrastructure. The ends of the air supply duct 10 and the dust removal duct 20 near the working face 40 are fixedly connected to the duct switching device 50. The duct switching device 50 enables selective switching of the airflow channel between the air supply duct 10 and the dust removal duct 20, providing structural support for subsequent functional mode conversion.

[0026] The common ventilation duct 60 is arranged between the face position 30 and the working face 40. One end of it is fixedly connected to the tunneling equipment 61 located on the working face 40 by bolt assembly. The connection position is specifically set in the top central area of ​​the tunneling equipment 61 to ensure that the airflow can vertically downward cover the core working area of ​​the tunneling equipment 61. The other end of the common ventilation duct 60 is detachably connected to the pipeline switching device 50 through a flange structure. The common ventilation duct 60 is made of high-strength flexible composite material. This material has the characteristics of tensile strength, wear resistance and moisture resistance. It can deform synchronously with the movement of the tunneling equipment 61, flexibly adapting to complex working environments such as narrow underground spaces and tunnel corners, while avoiding damage to the ventilation duct caused by equipment movement.

[0027] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the pipeline switching device 50 includes an integrally formed bracket 51, which is welded from high-strength steel plate. Its bottom is fixed to the tunnel floor plate with expansion bolts, and its top has an arc-shaped groove for installing pipelines. The ends of the air supply pipeline 10 and the dust removal pipeline 20 near the working face 40 are both fixedly installed in the arc-shaped groove of the bracket 51 using clamp assemblies. They are arranged horizontally side-by-side on the bracket 51, with their axial direction aligned with the tunnel extension direction. The pipe openings of the two pipelines are in the same vertical plane, and the spacing is adapted to the length of the air duct connector 53. A long strip-shaped slide 52 is provided on the top of the bracket 51 along the line connecting the air supply pipeline 10 and the dust removal pipeline 20. A wear-resistant bushing is provided inside the slide 52. The bottom of the air duct connector 53 has a slider adapted to the slide 52. The slider is embedded in the slide 52 and slides in cooperation with the wear-resistant bushing, allowing the air duct connector 53 to move linearly back and forth along the slide 52, precisely switching to the position where it connects with the air supply pipeline 10 or the dust removal pipeline 20. The switching mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged linear drive motors 54, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the air duct connector 53. Their housings are fixedly connected to the side bosses of the bracket 51 by bolts, and their output ends are fixedly connected to the side ear plates of the air duct connector 53 by couplings. The extension and retraction direction of the output end of the linear drive motor 54 is completely consistent with the connection direction of the air supply pipe 10 and the dust removal pipe 20. Through the synchronous extension and retraction of the two linear drive motors 54, the air duct connector 53 is driven to slide smoothly along the slide rail 52 to ensure the accuracy of the docking position.

[0028] The common ventilation duct 60 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the large-diameter end of the sealing cylinder 55 via a threaded connection at one end near the bracket 51. The outer circumference of the sealing cylinder 55 is conical with a taper of 1:10, and the small-diameter end of the sealing cylinder 55 faces the ventilation duct connector 53, opposite to the pipe opening of the ventilation duct connector 53. The outer diameter of the small-diameter end is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the ventilation duct connector 53 to facilitate guiding insertion. An annular mounting seat is provided on the outer circumference of the middle part of the sealing cylinder 55. The connecting mechanism is fixedly mounted on the annular mounting seat by bolts, which can drive the sealing cylinder 55 to move axially, realizing insertion or separation with the ventilation duct connector 53.

[0029] Limiting plates 56 are welded to the outer sides of the openings of the air supply duct 10 and the dust removal duct 20 on the bracket 51. The limiting plates 56 are circular steel plates with a through hole in the center that is coaxial with the duct axis. The diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 57. The connecting mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged pressing cylinders 57. The two pressing cylinders 57 are respectively fixed to the left and right sides of the annular mounting seat of the sealing cylinder 55 by bolts. The cylinder barrel of the pressing cylinder 57 is rigidly connected to the annular mounting seat of the sealing cylinder 55. The piston rod faces the limiting plate 56 on the bracket 51 and is perpendicular to the plate surface of the corresponding limiting plate 56. The extension and retraction direction of the piston rod of the pressing cylinder 57 is consistent with the axial direction of the air duct connector 53 to ensure that the force is transmitted axially.

[0030] Four telescopic rods are symmetrically arranged between the air duct connector 53 and the sealing cylinder 55. These four rods are positioned at the four corners of the air duct connector 53. One end of each rod is threaded to the end face boss of the air duct connector 53, and the other end is connected to the cylinder end of the pressing cylinder 57 via a ball joint, enabling multi-angle adaptive adjustment. A return spring 58 is fitted around each telescopic rod. One end of the return spring 58 abuts against the end face boss of the air duct connector 53, and the other end abuts against the cylinder end of the pressing cylinder 57, maintaining a preset distance between the sealing cylinder 55 and the air duct connector 53 under natural conditions.

[0031] A differential pressure sensor is fixedly installed in the middle section of the dust removal duct 20 via a flange. The detection probe of the differential pressure sensor extends into the inside of the duct and can collect the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the dust removal duct 20 in real time. The end of the dust removal duct 20 is connected to the air inlet of the dust removal fan 62 via a flexible connector. The control module of the dust removal fan 62 is electrically connected to the differential pressure sensor via a wire to realize the real-time transmission of the detection signal and the automatic control of the fan's operating status.

[0032] Example 2: Based on the downhole ventilation system provided in Example 1, this example further provides a downhole ventilation method, including the following steps: I. Working process in non-tunneling state When the tunneling equipment 61 is not in a tunneling state, the system starts the air supply mode. The specific actions and airflow path are as follows: After receiving the non-tunneling state signal, the two linear drive motors 54 in the switching mechanism start synchronously. Their output ends extend along the line connecting the air supply pipe 10 and the dust removal pipe 20. Since the housing of the linear drive motor 54 is fixedly connected to the bracket 51 and the output end is fixedly connected to the air duct connector 53, and the air duct connector 53 slides with the slide rail 52 on the bracket 51 through the slider, the linear drive motor 54 drives the air duct connector 53 to move smoothly along the slide rail 52 towards the air supply pipe 10 until the pipe opening of the air duct connector 53 is aligned and fits with the pipe opening of the air supply pipe 10, reaching the preset docking position.

[0033] After the air duct connector 53 is moved into place, the connecting mechanism on the sealing cylinder 55 is activated. The two clamping cylinders 57, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sealing cylinder 55, act synchronously. Their piston rods extend axially along the air duct connector 53 and press against the limiting plate 56 on the bracket 51 corresponding to the position of the air supply duct 10. Since the cylinder barrel of the clamping cylinder 57 is fixedly connected to the sealing cylinder 55, the piston rod generates a reverse axial thrust when pressing against the limiting plate 56, pushing the sealing cylinder 55 closer to the air duct connector 53. Under the guidance of the conical surface, the small-diameter end of the sealing cylinder 55 gradually inserts into the air duct connector 53, forming a sealing fit.

[0034] As the sealing cylinder 55 approaches the air duct connector 53, the distance between them gradually decreases. The four telescopic rods between the air duct connector 53 and the cylinder of the clamping cylinder 57 retract synchronously. The angle is adaptively adjusted via a ball joint to ensure that the air duct connector 53 and the sealing cylinder 55 remain coaxially aligned, achieving stable docking. The return spring 58, sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rods, is compressed, storing elastic potential energy to provide power for subsequent separation actions.

[0035] After the sealing cylinder 55 and the ventilation duct connector 53 are connected, the common ventilation duct 60 forms a sealed communication channel with the ventilation duct connector 53 and the air supply pipe 10 through the sealing cylinder 55. Fresh air in the air supply pipe 10 flows sequentially through the ventilation duct connector 53 and the sealing cylinder 55, and enters the common ventilation duct 60 made of flexible material. Since one end of the common ventilation duct 60 is fixedly connected to the top of the tunneling equipment 61, fresh air reaches the working face 40 directly through the common ventilation duct 60, providing ventilation support for the working face 40. The polluted air in the working face 40 flows naturally towards the facing position 30 under the push of the airflow, forming a stable ventilation cycle.

[0036] II. Working Process During Tunneling When the tunneling equipment 61 is in the tunneling state, the system switches to dust removal mode. The specific actions and airflow path are as follows: After receiving the tunneling status signal, the pipeline switching device 50 first initiates the reset action of the connecting mechanism. The piston rods of the two clamping cylinders 57 retract axially along the ventilation duct joint 53, releasing the clamping effect on the upper limit plate 56 of the support 51. At this time, the compressed reset spring 58 releases its elastic potential energy, generating a reverse thrust that pushes the sealing cylinder 55 and the ventilation duct joint 53 apart, ensuring complete separation and providing sufficient space for the movement of the ventilation duct joint 53.

[0037] After the sealing cylinder 55 separates from the air duct connector 53, the linear drive motor 54 in the switching mechanism starts in reverse, and its output end retracts along the line connecting the air supply pipe 10 and the dust removal pipe 20, driving the air duct connector 53 to move along the slide rail 52 towards the dust removal pipe 20 until the opening of the air duct connector 53 aligns and fits with the opening of the dust removal pipe 20, reaching the preset docking position, thus completing the preparation for switching the airflow channel. During this process, the telescopic rod extends synchronously with the movement of the air duct connector 53, and the return spring 58 gradually returns to its initial state.

[0038] After the duct connector 53 moves to the docking position with the dust removal pipe 20, the two clamping cylinders 57 of the connecting mechanism act synchronously again. Their piston rods extend axially along the duct connector 53, pressing against the limiting plate 56 on the bracket 51 corresponding to the position of the dust removal pipe 20. Under the action of the reverse axial thrust, the sealing cylinder 55 moves towards the duct connector 53, the distance between them shortens, the telescopic rod retracts synchronously, the return spring 58 is compressed again and stores elastic potential energy, and the small-diameter end of the sealing cylinder 55 is inserted into the duct connector 53. Its conical surface fits tightly against the inner wall of the duct connector 53, realizing the sealed docking of the dust removal channel.

[0039] After the sealing connection is completed, the common ventilation duct 60 forms a closed connection channel with the ventilation duct joint 53 and the dust removal pipe 20 through the sealing cylinder 55. At this time, the fresh air in the air supply pipe 10 is no longer transported through the common ventilation duct 60, but flows directly from the face position 30 to the working face 40, providing airflow supplement to the tunneling operation area, and at the same time carrying the dust generated during the tunneling process to the vicinity of the working face 40.

[0040] A differential pressure sensor inside the dust removal duct 20 detects the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the duct in real time and transmits the detection signal to the dust removal fan 62, which is electrically connected to it. The dust removal fan 62 automatically starts and adjusts its operating power according to the pressure difference signal. Under the negative pressure of the dust removal fan 62, the dust-laden air from the working face 40 enters the common ventilation duct 60 at the top of the tunneling equipment 61, flows through the sealing cylinder 55 and the ventilation duct joint 53 in sequence, and finally enters the dust removal duct 20. The dust-laden air is then discharged by the dust removal fan 62, thus achieving dust purification at the working face 40.

[0041] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: 1. Adapts to intermittent tunneling conditions, switches ventilation and dust removal functions as needed, avoids redundant equipment operating ineffectively, and significantly reduces energy consumption.

[0042] 2. Optimize airflow organization to accurately cover the core area of ​​the working face, ensure oxygen supply and efficiently remove dust, and improve the working environment.

[0043] 3. The compact structural design and reliable switching reduce piping layout and manual intervention, improving system stability and ease of operation.

[0044] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A mine ventilation system comprising an air supply duct (10) and a dust extraction duct (20), characterised in that, The air supply pipeline (10) and the dust removal pipeline (20) are both laid to the head position (30), and the end of the air supply pipeline (10) and the dust removal pipeline (20) close to the working face (40) is jointly connected with the pipeline switching device (50); the underground ventilation system further comprises a public air duct (60), the public air duct (60) is arranged between the head position (30) and the working face (40), one end of the public air duct (60) is fixedly connected with the tunneling equipment (61) located at the working face (40), the other end of the public air duct (60) is connected with the pipeline switching device (50), and the pipeline switching device (50) can control the public air duct (60) to switch and communicate with the air supply pipeline (10) or the dust removal pipeline (20).

2. The downhole ventilation system of claim 1, wherein, The public air duct (60) is made of flexible material.

3. A downhole ventilation system according to claim 2, characterised in that, The pipeline switching device (50) comprises a support (51), the end of the air supply pipeline (10) and the dust removal pipeline (20) close to the working face (40) is fixedly arranged on the support (51), the support (51) is provided with a duct connector (53) and a switching mechanism, the switching mechanism can drive the duct connector (53) to move to the butt joint position of the air supply pipeline (10) or the dust removal pipeline (20), one end of the public air duct (60) close to the support (51) is connected with a sealing cylinder (55), the sealing cylinder (55) is provided with a communication mechanism, and the communication mechanism can control the sealing cylinder (55) to be inserted and matched with the duct connector (53).

4. A downhole ventilation system according to claim 3, characterised in that, The support (51) is provided with a slide (52), the duct connector (53) is in sliding fit with the slide (52), the switching mechanism comprises a linear drive motor (54), the linear drive motor (54) is arranged outside the duct connector (53), the housing of the linear drive motor (54) is fixedly connected with the support (51), the output end of the linear drive motor (54) is fixedly connected with the duct connector (53), and the extension direction of the output end of the linear drive motor (54) is the same as the line direction of the air supply pipeline (10) and the dust removal pipeline (20).

5. The downhole ventilation system of claim 3, wherein, The outer peripheral surface of the sealing cylinder (55) is a conical surface, and the small-diameter end of the sealing cylinder (55) is arranged opposite to the duct connector (53).

6. The downhole ventilation system of claim 4, wherein, The support (51) is provided with a limiting plate (56) at the positions corresponding to the air supply pipeline (10) and the dust removal pipeline (20); the communication mechanism comprises two pressing cylinders (57), the two pressing cylinders (57) are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the sealing cylinder (55), the cylinder barrel of the pressing cylinder (57) is fixedly connected with the sealing cylinder (55), the piston rod of the pressing cylinder (57) is arranged opposite to the corresponding limiting plate (56), and the extension direction of the piston rod of the pressing cylinder (57) is the same as the axial direction of the duct connector (53).

7. A downhole ventilation system according to claim 6, characterised in that, A telescopic rod is arranged between the duct connector (53) and the sealing cylinder (55), one end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the duct connector (53), the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the cylinder barrel of the pressing cylinder (57), and a return spring (58) is arranged outside the telescopic rod.

8. The downhole ventilation system of claim 1, wherein, A differential pressure sensor is arranged in the dust removal pipeline (20), the differential pressure sensor can detect the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the dust removal pipeline (20), the dust removal pipeline (20) is communicated with a dust removal fan (62), and the dust removal fan (62) is electrically connected with the differential pressure sensor.

9. The downhole ventilation system of claim 1, wherein, The public air duct (60) is fixedly connected with one end of the tunneling equipment (61) and is arranged on the top of the tunneling equipment (61).

10. A method of ventilating a mine, characterized by, The application of the downhole ventilation system as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps, When the tunneling equipment (61) is in a non-tunneling state, the control pipe switching device (50) is used to make the public air duct (60) communicate with the air supply pipe (10), and the air in the air supply pipe (10) directly reaches the working face (40) through the public air duct (60), and the air of the working face (40) moves to the head position (30); When the tunneling equipment (61) is in a tunneling state, the control pipe switching device (50) is used to make the public air duct (60) communicate with the dust removal pipe (20), and the air in the air supply pipe (10) flows from the head position (30) to the working face (40), and the air of the working face (40) enters the public air duct (60) and is discharged from the dust removal pipe (20).

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