Soil fracture in-situ monitoring device and method based on multi-physics field coupling
By using a multi-physics field coupled soil crack monitoring device and method, multi-parameter monitoring is integrated to establish a comprehensive crack index, which solves the shortcomings of single-parameter monitoring in existing technologies and achieves high precision, early identification and standardized early warning.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing soil crack monitoring technologies rely on a single physical field parameter, resulting in weak early identification capabilities, insufficient monitoring accuracy, and an inability to achieve standardized early warning. Current technologies cannot effectively solve this problem.
By employing a multi-physics coupling method, integrating ground data acquisition units and multi-functional probes, multiple parameters such as mechanics, acoustics, electricity, and thermal are monitored to establish a quantitative assessment index of comprehensive cracks, enabling early identification and standardized warning.
It enables high-precision monitoring of soil fissures, reduces the risk of misjudgment caused by environmental interference, identifies micro-fissures 1-2 warning cycles in advance, and provides standardized basis for landslide early warning.
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Figure CN121633445A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring, in particular to a soil fissure in-situ monitoring device and method based on multi-physical field coupling. BACKGROUND
[0002] The mountainous areas in the central and western regions of China, especially Chongqing, have unique "mountain-basin" topographic features and "arid-rainstorm" extreme climate patterns. The distribution area of red-bed soft rock accounts for 47% of the region, making it a high-incidence area of landslide disasters. Data shows that more than 54% of landslide disasters in the region occur in red-bed distribution areas, and more than 80% are directly triggered by heavy rain. The core mechanism of disaster is that long-term drought causes a large number of fissures in the red-bed soil, and the subsequent fissure preferential flow significantly reduces the shear strength of the soil, ultimately inducing landslides.
[0003] The existing soil fissure monitoring technology mainly has the following defects: first, it relies mainly on single physical field parameters (such as monitoring displacement or moisture content only), which cannot fully reflect the complex process of fissure development and is prone to misjudgment due to environmental interference; second, it mainly uses direct monitoring methods, which are difficult to identify in the micro-fissure development stage and miss the early warning opportunity; third, it lacks unified quantitative evaluation indicators, and the monitoring results are highly subjective, making it difficult to form standardized warning basis. For example, some existing technologies use distributed optical fiber to monitor strain, but they do not integrate multi-field information such as acoustics and electricity, which is insufficient in terms of fissure identification accuracy and timeliness. Another technology uses borehole imaging to observe fissures, but it is limited by the detection depth and cost, and cannot achieve large-scale in-situ monitoring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a soil fissure monitoring technology that can integrate multiple parameters, identify early, and quantitatively evaluate, to meet the actual needs of landslide disaster prevention and control in red-bed areas. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies that rely on single physical fields, have weak early identification capabilities, and lack quantitative evaluation indicators, and provides a soil fissure in-situ monitoring device and method based on multi-physical field coupling.
[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: On the one hand, a soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling is disclosed, comprising a ground data acquisition unit and a plurality of multifunctional detection rods, the multifunctional detection rods being in communication connection with the ground data acquisition unit. The multifunctional detection rod comprises a rod body, a guide cone head, and a protective sleeve, the guide cone head being provided at the bottom of the rod body, and the protective sleeve being sleeved on the outside of the rod body. The rod body is integrated with an annular electrode array, an acoustic transducer, a soil pressure cell array, an optical fiber sensing unit, a temperature sensor, and a moisture content sensor. The ground data acquisition unit receives and processes the monitoring data transmitted by each sensor, and the soil fracture development state is inversed through the monitoring data fusion of multiple physical fields.
[0006] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the rod body is a hollow structure with a length of 4-8 m and a diameter of 50 mm, the ring electrode arrays are arranged axially and spaced apart along the rod body, and the spacing between adjacent electrode pieces is 30-50 cm, and each ring electrode array comprises 4 uniformly distributed electrode pieces.
[0007] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the acoustic wave transducer comprises a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer, the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are arranged in a staggered manner along the circumference of the rod body, the acoustic wave emission angle of the transmitting transducer is 30°-60°, and the response frequency range of the receiving transducer is 20-200 kHz.
[0008] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the soil pressure cell array is arranged axially along the rod body, the spacing between adjacent soil pressure cells is 50-80 cm, the measurement range of the soil pressure cell is 0-2 MPa, and the accuracy is 0.5% FS.
[0009] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the optical fiber sensing unit adopts a distributed optical fiber sensor and is arranged along the entire length of the rod body in an axial direction, the strain measurement range of the optical fiber sensing unit is -5000με-+5000με, and the spatial resolution is 1 m.
[0010] In another aspect, a soil fracture in-situ monitoring method based on multi-physical field coupling is disclosed, which is applied to the soil fracture in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling described in any one of the above aspects, and comprises the following steps: S1: drilling construction is performed in a monitoring area, the drilling diameter is 60 mm, and the drilling depth matches the length of the multifunctional detection rod; S2: the multifunctional detection rod is placed in the drilling, and bentonite is used to backfill the drilling to ensure that the multifunctional detection rod is tightly coupled with the soil body; S3: a plurality of soil fracture in-situ monitoring devices are arranged in a grid shape at key positions of the slope body, and multifunctional detection rods with different depths are arranged according to monitoring requirements to cover the whole stage of fracture development; S4: monitoring data are collected in real time through the ground data acquisition unit, including stress data, acoustic data, electrical data, strain data, temperature data and water content data; S5: the collected monitoring data of multiple physical fields are normalized, a comprehensive crack index is calculated, and the soil fracture development stage is determined.
[0011] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the spacing between the multiple soil body crack in-situ monitoring devices arranged in a grid in step S3 is 5-10 m; when the slope gradient is greater than 30°, the spacing is shortened to 3-5 m.
[0012] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the calculation method of the comprehensive crack index in step S5 is: the normalized stress data, acoustic data, electrical data and strain data are respectively assigned weights of 0.25-0.35, 0.2-0.3, 0.2-0.3 and 0.15-0.25, and the comprehensive crack index is obtained by weighted summation.
[0013] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the weights of the stress data, the acoustic data, the electrical data and the strain data are respectively 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.2.
[0014] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the determination criteria of the crack development stage in step S5 are: when the comprehensive crack index is <0.3, it is the initial stage-micro crack development; when 0.3≤the comprehensive crack index<0.6, it is the development stage-crack network formation; when 0.6≤the comprehensive crack index<0.8, it is the penetration stage-main crack formation; and when the comprehensive crack index is ≥0.8, it is the damage stage-sliding surface penetration.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: Multi-field coupling innovation, higher monitoring accuracy: The present application breaks through the limitation of single physical field monitoring, integrates multiple parameters such as mechanics, acoustics, electricity and heat, fully reflects the complex process of crack development, effectively reduces the misjudgment risk caused by environmental interference, and improves the monitoring accuracy by more than 40% compared with single parameter monitoring.
[0016] Indirect monitoring mechanism, early identification: The indirect monitoring method of "device-soil body contact surface feature inversion crack development" is adopted, and the abnormality can be captured through the change of multiple field parameters in the micro crack stage, which is 1-2 early warning periods earlier than the traditional direct observation technology, and sufficient time is gained for landslide disaster prevention and control.
[0017] Quantitative evaluation system, early warning standardization: A quantitative evaluation index based on the comprehensive crack index is established, the determination criteria of each development stage are clear, the problem of strong subjectivity of the monitoring results of the prior art is solved, and standardized and traceable basis is provided for landslide early warning.
[0018] Strong adaptability, wide application scenarios: Designed according to the climate and geological characteristics of Chongqing red layer area, the grid arrangement and depth differentiation configuration are adopted, which can be applied to slope monitoring of different gradients and different red layer distribution, and the device has good corrosion resistance and anti-interference performance, which is suitable for extreme weather environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference made to the accompanying drawings. The drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and, as such, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other drawings can be used and appear without departing from the scope of the application. Like reference numbers and characters in the various figures denote like elements, and any explanation of these elements in a figure is meant to apply to like elements in other figures where the explanation is not repeated. In the drawings: Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a multifunctional probe rod of a soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling according to Embodiment 1 of the present application; Figure 2 A flow chart of a soil fissure in-situ monitoring method based on multi-physical field coupling according to Embodiment 3 of the present application; Reference signs: 1-rod body, 2-guiding cone head, 3-protection sleeve, 4-ring electrode array, 5-acoustic transducer, 6-soil pressure cell array, 7-optical fiber sensing unit, 8-temperature sensor, 9-moisture content sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.
[0021] It should be noted that: similar signs and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In addition, the terms "connected", "connected", etc. can be direct connection between components, or indirect connection via other components.
[0022] Embodiment 1
[0023] A soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling, the device synchronously collects mechanical, acoustic, electrical, thermal and other multi-physical field parameters of the soil and the contact surface of the device by integrating multiple types of sensors, the core structure includes a ground data acquisition unit and a multifunctional probe rod, the multifunctional probe rod is in communication connection with the ground data acquisition unit, such asFigure 1 As shown, the specific implementation is as follows. The multifunctional detection rod comprises a rod body 1, a guide cone head 2 and a protective sleeve 3, the guide cone head 2 is arranged at the bottom of the rod body 1, and the protective sleeve 3 is sleeved outside the rod body 1. The multifunctional detection rod is used as the "in-situ sensing terminal" of the device, adopts high-strength aluminum alloy material, the rod body 1 is a hollow structure with a length of 4-8 m and a diameter of 50 mm, and can be customized according to the monitoring depth requirement.
[0024] The rod body 1 integrates the following core components: The annular electrode array 4 is arranged at an interval of 30-50 cm along the axis of the rod body 1, each array comprises four uniformly distributed copper electrode sheets, and is used for measuring the change of soil resistance and impedance and reflecting the damage degree of the fracture to the conductive path; The acoustic wave transducer 5 comprises a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer, the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are staggered arranged along the circumference of the rod body, the acoustic wave transmitting angle of the transmitting transducer is 30°-60°, the transmitting transducer transmits an acoustic wave signal with a frequency of 20-200 kHz, the receiving transducer captures the reflected signal, and the fracture development condition is judged through the acoustic wave propagation time and amplitude change; The soil pressure cell array 6 adopts a vibrating wire pressure sensor and is arranged along the axis of the rod body 1, the interval between adjacent soil pressure cells is 50-80 cm, the measurement range is 0-2 MPa, the accuracy is 0.5% FS, and the soil pressure cell array 6 is used for monitoring the contact stress change of the device and the soil; The optical fiber sensing unit 7 adopts a distributed optical fiber sensor and is arranged along the axis of the rod body 1, the strain measurement range of the optical fiber sensing unit 7 is -5000με-+5000με, the spatial resolution is 1 m, and the optical fiber sensing unit 7 is used for monitoring the strain distribution of the soil in real time; The temperature sensor 8 and the moisture content sensor 9 are arranged every 2 m, respectively monitor the temperature field change and the moisture content data of the soil, and provide environmental correction basis for multi-field parameter fusion; The guide cone head 2 adopts a hard alloy material, which facilitates the insertion of the detection rod into the soil; the protective sleeve 3 adopts a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant material, which avoids the damage of the sensor during the embedding process.
[0025] The ground data acquisition unit receives and processes the monitoring data transmitted by each sensor, and inverses the fracture development state of the soil through the monitoring data fusion of multiple physical fields.
[0026] Ground data acquisition unit: as the "data processing center" of the device, it includes data receiving module, signal conditioning module, data storage module and wireless transmission module. The data receiving module is responsible for receiving various types of raw data transmitted by the multifunctional probe rod; the signal conditioning module performs preprocessing such as filtering and amplification on the raw data to eliminate environmental noise interference; the data storage module uses industrial-grade solid-state hard disk to ensure the safety of data in extreme environments; the wireless transmission module supports 4G / 5G and Beidou dual-mode communication, realizing real-time remote transmission of monitoring data.
[0027] Example 2
[0028] This example takes a certain red layer slope in Chongqing (slope 35°, red layer soft rock distribution ratio 85%) as an example, and deploys a soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling, as follows: Device selection: a multifunctional probe rod with a length of 6m (diameter 50mm) is selected, which integrates 8 groups of ring electrode arrays (adjacent interval 50cm), 4 groups of acoustic transducers (emission angle 45°), 6 groups of soil pressure cell arrays (adjacent interval 80cm), 1 group of distributed optical fiber sensing unit, 3 groups of temperature-moisture content sensors (one group every 2m). The ground data acquisition unit is configured with an industrial-grade CPU, supports 4G / Beidou dual-mode communication, and has a storage capacity of 1TB.
[0029] Monitoring point layout: 15 monitoring points are laid out on the slope body according to a 3m×5m grid, each monitoring point has a drilling depth of 6m and a hole diameter of 60mm. Bentonite backfill (bentonite to water mass ratio 1:3) is used to ensure that the probe rod is tightly coupled with the soil.
[0030] Data acquisition: the sampling frequency is set to 1 time / hour for regular period and 1 time / 10 minutes for rainfall period. The collected parameters include: soil pressure (measurement range 0-2MPa), acoustic signal (20-200kHz), soil resistance (10-1000Ω), strain (-5000με-5000με), temperature (-10℃-60℃), moisture content (0-50%).
[0031] Data processing: the raw data is preprocessed by the ground data acquisition unit, and after removing noise interference, it is normalized. For example, the soil pressure data is normalized to a stress index between 0 and 1, the acoustic amplitude data is normalized to an acoustic index between 0 and 1, the resistance data is normalized to an electrical index between 0 and 1, and the strain data is normalized to a strain index between 0 and 1.
[0032] Crack determination: The comprehensive crack index was calculated using weighted averages (stress index 0.3, acoustic index 0.25, electrical index 0.25, strain index 0.2). On day 30 of monitoring, the comprehensive crack index at a certain monitoring point was 0.42, indicating the development stage – crack network formation. On day 45, the comprehensive crack index at that point rose to 0.75, indicating the penetration stage – main crack formation. The monitoring platform immediately sent an early warning, and relevant departments promptly implemented slope reinforcement measures, preventing a landslide disaster.
[0033] Example 3
[0034] A method for in-situ monitoring of soil fissures based on multi-physics field coupling is applied to the in-situ monitoring device for soil fissures based on multi-physics field coupling described in Examples 1 and 2. Through scientific deployment, data acquisition, and multi-field fusion analysis, quantitative monitoring of fissure development is achieved. Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1: Drilling is carried out in the monitoring area. The borehole diameter is 60mm and the drilling depth is matched with the length of the multi-functional probe. Specifically, the monitoring point selection and drilling construction are as follows: Based on the slope topography, red bed distribution characteristics, and historical disaster situation, monitoring points are determined at key locations on the slope (such as the toe, middle, and potential sliding surface areas). Geological drilling rigs are used for drilling, with a borehole diameter of 60mm and a depth matched to the length of the multi-functional probe to ensure coverage of the potential fracture development depth.
[0035] S2: Place the multi-functional probe into the borehole and backfill the borehole with bentonite to ensure that the multi-functional probe is tightly coupled with the soil. Specifically, the installation and coupling of the multi-functional probe involves carefully placing the assembled probe into the borehole, ensuring the sensor is oriented correctly. The borehole is then filled with a backfill material made of bentonite and water. Bentonite's excellent expansion and sealing properties ensure tight coupling between the probe and the soil, eliminating errors caused by monitoring gaps.
[0036] S3: Multiple in-situ soil fissure monitoring devices are deployed in a grid pattern at key locations on the slope. Multifunctional probes of different depths are set up according to monitoring needs to cover the entire stage of fissure development. Preferably, a monitoring network is deployed. Multiple monitoring devices are arranged in a grid pattern on the slope, with the spacing between adjacent devices adjusted according to the slope gradient: 5-10m for slopes ≤30°, and 3-5m for slopes >30°, ensuring comprehensive monitoring coverage without blind spots. Simultaneously, based on the development characteristics of fractures at different depths, probes of varying lengths are deployed at the same monitoring point to achieve comprehensive monitoring of different development stages, including microfractures, fracture networks, and main fractures.
[0037] S4: Real-time monitoring data is collected through the ground data acquisition unit, including stress data, acoustic data, electrical data, strain data, temperature data, and moisture content data; Specifically, multi-physics data acquisition is performed. The sampling frequency is set through the ground data acquisition unit (1 time / hour for routine monitoring, increased to 1 time / 10 minutes under extreme weather conditions) to collect stress data, acoustic data, electrical data, strain data, temperature data, and moisture content data in real time, and then transmitted to the remote monitoring platform via a wireless transmission module.
[0038] S5: Normalize the collected multi-physics monitoring data, calculate the comprehensive crack index, and determine the development stage of soil cracks.
[0039] Preferably, the method for calculating the comprehensive crack index in step S5 is as follows: assign weights of 0.25-0.35, 0.2-0.3, 0.2-0.3, and 0.15-0.25 to the normalized stress data, acoustic data, electrical data, and strain data, respectively, and then sum them up to obtain the comprehensive crack index.
[0040] Preferably, the weights of the stress data, the acoustic data, the electrical data, and the strain data are 0.3, 0.25, 0.25, and 0.2, respectively.
[0041] Preferably, the criteria for determining the fracture development stage in step S5 are as follows: when the comprehensive fracture index is <0.3, it is the initial stage - micro-fracture development; when 0.3≤comprehensive fracture index<0.6, it is the development stage - fracture network formation; when 0.6≤comprehensive fracture index<0.8, it is the penetration stage - main fracture formation; when the comprehensive fracture index ≥0.8, it is the failure stage - sliding surface penetration.
[0042] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.
[0043] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.
[0044] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.
Claims
1. A soil body crack in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling, characterized in that, The device comprises a ground data acquisition unit and a plurality of multifunctional detection rods, which are in communication connection with the ground data acquisition unit. The multifunctional detection rod comprises a rod body, a guide cone head and a protective sleeve, the guide cone head is arranged at the bottom of the rod body, and the protective sleeve is arranged outside the rod body, and the rod body is integrated with an annular electrode array, an acoustic transducer, a soil pressure cell array, an optical fiber sensing unit, a temperature sensor and a moisture content sensor. The ground data acquisition unit receives and processes the monitoring data transmitted by each sensor, and the soil fracture development state is determined through the monitoring data fusion inversion of multiple physical fields. 2.The soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rod body is a hollow structure with a length of 4-8 m and a diameter of 50 mm, the annular electrode array is arranged axially along the rod body, the spacing between adjacent electrode pieces is 30-50 cm, and each annular electrode array comprises four uniformly distributed electrode pieces. 3.The soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic transducer comprises a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer, the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer are arranged in a staggered manner along the circumference of the rod body, the acoustic emission angle of the transmitting transducer is 30°-60°, and the response frequency range of the receiving transducer is 20-200 kHz. 4.The soil fissure in-situ monitoring device based on multi-physical field coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil pressure cell array is arranged axially along the rod body, the spacing between adjacent soil pressure cells is 50-80 cm, the measurement range of the soil pressure cell is 0-2 MPa, and the accuracy is 0.5% FS.
5. The device for in-situ monitoring of soil fissures based on multi-physical field coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber sensing unit adopts a distributed optical fiber sensor and is arranged along the entire length of the rod body in an axial direction, the strain measurement range of the optical fiber sensing unit is -5000με-+5000με, and the spatial resolution is 1 m.
6. A method for in-situ monitoring of soil fissures based on multi-physical field coupling, applied to the in-situ monitoring device for soil fissures based on multi-physical field coupling according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The device comprises the following steps: S1: drilling construction is performed in a monitoring area, the drilling diameter is 60 mm, and the drilling depth matches the length of the multifunctional detection rod; S2: the multifunctional detection rod is placed in the drilling hole, bentonite is used to backfill the drilling hole, and the multifunctional detection rod is tightly coupled with the soil body; S3: a plurality of soil fracture in-situ monitoring devices are arranged in a grid shape at key positions of the slope body, multifunctional detection rods with different depths are arranged according to monitoring requirements to cover the entire stage of fracture development; S4: monitoring data are collected in real time through the ground data acquisition unit, including stress data, acoustic data, electrical data, strain data, temperature data and moisture content data; S5: the collected monitoring data of multiple physical fields are normalized, a comprehensive crack index is calculated, and the fracture development stage of the soil body is determined.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, The spacing between the plurality of soil fracture in-situ monitoring devices arranged in a grid shape in step S3 is 5-10 m; when the slope gradient is greater than 30°, the spacing is shortened to 3-5 m.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by, The calculation method of the comprehensive crack index in step S5 is that the normalized stress data, acoustic data, electrical data and strain data are respectively assigned weights of 0.25-0.35, 0.2-0.3, 0.2-0.3 and 0.15-0.25, and the comprehensive crack index is obtained by weighted summation.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The weights of the stress data, the acoustic data, the electrical data and the strain data are 0.3, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.2, respectively.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by, The determination criterion of the fracture development stage in step S5 is: when the comprehensive fracture index is <0.3, it is the initial stage-microfracture development; when 0.3≤the comprehensive fracture index<0.6, it is the development stage-fracture network formation; when 0.6≤the comprehensive fracture index<0.8, it is the penetration stage-main fracture formation; and when the comprehensive fracture index is ≥0.8, it is the damage stage-sliding surface penetration.