Intelligent agricultural system and method for gradient utilization of closed-loop alcohol hydrogen energy

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent agricultural system and method for gradient utilization of closed-loop alcohol hydrogen energy, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent agriculture. The system comprises a fuel cell power generation module, an energy storage battery pack, a load, a recovery module, an energy storage module, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a methanol preparation device, a synthesis gas pretreatment device, an upper-layer crop planting area and a lower-layer mushroom planting area, wherein the upper-layer crop planting area and the lower-layer mushroom planting area are spatially separated. The fuel cell power generation module supplies electric energy to the agricultural load and the energy storage battery pack. The recovery module recovers reaction tail gas waste heat of the fuel cell power generation module and cools and purifies carbon dioxide, the energy storage module uses the waste heat to supply heat to a planting area, and the purified carbon dioxide is stored in a carbon dioxide storage tank; mushroom residues generated in the lower mushroom planting area are converted into synthesis gas through the methanol preparation device, and the synthesis gas is purified and adjusted through the synthesis gas pretreatment device and then conveyed to the fuel cell power generation module to serve as fuel. According to the invention, the economic benefit is improved while multiple utilization of energy and clean power generation are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart agriculture technology, specifically to a smart agriculture system and method for closed-loop cascade utilization of alcohol-hydrogen energy. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional agricultural production models are highly dependent on natural climate and land resources, and generally suffer from instability, low water and fertilizer utilization rates, risks of chemical pollution, and significant seasonal constraints. With global population growth, dwindling arable land resources, and increasing pressure from climate change, this extensive production model is struggling to meet the higher demands of modern society for the stability, security, and sustainability of food supply.

[0003] To overcome the limitations of traditional agriculture, vertical farming has emerged as a new agricultural production method. This model, through controlled, three-dimensional planting, significantly increases yield per unit area of ​​land, is not limited by season or location, and significantly reduces water and pesticide use. As a new agricultural model that achieves year-round continuous food production through indoor, three-dimensional planting technology, vertical farming is considered a crucial solution to the challenges of urbanization, arable land loss, and climate change due to its advantages such as water conservation, pesticide-free production, high yield per unit area of ​​land, and immunity to natural climate changes.

[0004] However, existing vertical farming systems suffer from the following prominent problems: First, energy supply is highly dependent on the traditional power grid, posing risks to power supply stability and resulting in enormous overall energy consumption, leading to poor economic and environmental performance. Second, a large amount of waste heat generated during system operation (such as from power generation equipment and LED light sources) is not effectively recovered and utilized; instead, additional electricity is required for cooling, resulting in high temperature control costs. Third, the internal material cycle efficiency is low; agricultural waste generated during the planting process is not utilized as a resource, disrupting the carbon-oxygen balance within the system and limiting photosynthetic efficiency. Finally, the lack of intelligent and precise control methods for different crop growth cycles leads to inefficient supply of environmental factors such as water, light, air, and heat, further wasting energy and resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a smart agriculture system and method for the closed-loop cascade utilization of alcohol-hydrogen energy to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption, resource waste and low efficiency in the existing technology.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, in a first aspect, this invention provides a closed-loop intelligent agricultural system for the cascade utilization of methanol-hydrogen energy, comprising: a fuel cell power generation module, an energy storage battery pack and load, a recovery module, an energy storage module, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a methanol production unit, a syngas pretreatment unit, and spatially separated upper crop cultivation area and lower mushroom cultivation area; wherein... The fuel input terminal of the fuel cell power generation module is connected to the syngas output terminal of the syngas pretreatment device, the first power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module is connected to the power input terminal of the load, and the second power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module is connected to the power input terminal of the energy storage battery pack. The gas input end of the recovery module is connected to the reaction exhaust port of the fuel cell power generation module, and the liquid circulation pipeline of the recovery module is connected to the energy storage module. The recovery module is used to recover the waste heat in the reaction exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power generation module and to cool and purify the carbon dioxide in the reaction exhaust gas. The energy storage module is used to provide heating for the upper crop planting area and the lower mushroom planting area; The carbon dioxide storage tank, with its gas inlet connected to the gas outlet of the recovery module, is used to store cooled and purified carbon dioxide. The inlet of the methanol production unit is used to store the mushroom residue produced from the lower mushroom cultivation area, and the gas output end of the methanol production unit is used to output syngas. The gas input end of the syngas pretreatment device is connected to the gas output end of the methanol production device, and the gas output end of the syngas pretreatment device is connected to the fuel input end of the fuel cell power generation module, for purifying the syngas and adjusting the gas ratio.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the energy storage module includes a sensible heat storage tank, and a phase change heat storage unit is installed inside the sensible heat storage tank.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the phase change material used in the phase change thermal storage unit is a fatty acid-based material with a melting point of 25-30°C.

[0009] One possible implementation also includes: A gas circulation device is used to transport oxygen generated in the upper crop planting area to the lower mushroom planting area, and to transport carbon dioxide generated in the lower mushroom planting area to the carbon dioxide storage tank or the upper crop planting area.

[0010] One possible implementation also includes: A voltage converter is connected between the first power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module and the power input terminal of the load. The voltage converter is used to convert the DC voltage output by the fuel cell power generation module.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the methanol production device is a photocatalytic reactor, which contains at least one of TiO2-based and g-C3N4-based composite photocatalysts, and operates under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation and normal pressure conditions.

[0012] In one possible implementation, it also includes: a controller, wherein the load includes an environmental sensor array, a light source array, and an irrigation pump array; The controller is connected to the environmental sensor group and the light source array, and is used to receive sensor data collected by the environmental sensor group, and generate control commands to the light source array and the carbon dioxide storage tank according to the sensor data, so as to adjust at least one of the illumination parameters of the light source array, the carbon dioxide slow release rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank, and the irrigation parameters of the irrigation pump group.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the syngas pretreatment device includes: A purification unit is used to remove impurities from the synthesis gas; An adjustment unit, connected to the purification unit, is used to adjust the ratio of carbon monoxide gas to hydrogen gas in the purified synthesis gas, wherein the ratio of carbon monoxide gas to hydrogen gas is 1:3 to 1:2.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for realizing smart agriculture, applied to the smart agriculture system for closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization described in the first aspect, the method comprising: Methanol is converted into DC power using a fuel cell power generation module; A portion of the DC power is transmitted to the load, and the other portion of the DC power is stored in the energy storage battery pack; The reaction exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power generation module is introduced into the recovery module to cool and purify the carbon dioxide in the reaction exhaust gas. The circulating medium in the recovery module is controlled to flow through the energy storage module to convert the waste heat recovered by the recovery module into thermal energy and store it in the energy storage module; Based on the heat load demand of the upper crop planting area, the energy storage module is controlled to release the stored heat energy; The carbon dioxide gas, after being cooled and purified by the recovery module, is collected in a carbon dioxide storage tank and supplied to the upper crop planting area according to its carbon dioxide demand. Oxygen generated in the upper crop planting area is introduced into the lower mushroom planting area, and agricultural waste generated in the upper crop planting area is transported to the lower mushroom planting area. After the mushrooms are harvested, the mushroom cultivation residue from the lower mushroom cultivation area is transported to the methanol production unit to generate syngas. The syngas is fed into a syngas pretreatment device, and the treated syngas is fed back as fuel to the fuel input terminal of the fuel cell power generation module.

[0015] One possible implementation also includes: When the temperature of the circulating medium is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the energy storage module, heat is stored in the energy storage module; When the ambient temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold or the system power is lower than the set threshold, the energy storage module is controlled to release heat and provide heating to the upper crop planting area through the circulating medium.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization smart agriculture system provided by this invention firstly utilizes the syngas generated within the system directly to generate electricity, reducing dependence on the external power grid and improving energy self-sufficiency. By combining waste heat recovery with phase change thermal storage, it replaces traditional air conditioning and electric heating equipment, significantly reducing temperature control energy consumption and costs by 30%-40%, while also avoiding the problem of dry air. Furthermore, the carbon-oxygen cycle ecological coupling system constructed by the mushroom layer and the upper crops improves the system's material cycle efficiency and achieves a virtuous cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation module, energy storage battery pack and load, recovery module, energy storage module, carbon dioxide storage tank, methanol production unit, syngas pretreatment unit, and spatially separated upper crop planting area and lower mushroom planting area achieve a complete material cycle of "agricultural waste (mushroom residue) → syngas → fuel cell power generation → CO2 reaction tail gas → crop fertilizer," increasing the comprehensive utilization rate of biomass resources to over 80%. Moreover, the recovered carbon dioxide is directly used as fertilizer to enhance photosynthesis, which is expected to increase crop yield by 10%-15%, while simultaneously achieving carbon sequestration and reuse. Furthermore, the on-site conversion of agricultural waste into clean energy significantly reduces agricultural waste emissions, avoids pollution from straw burning or accumulation, and achieves the harmlessness and resource utilization of waste. Through multi-level utilization of mushroom cultivation and biomass, the system achieves a dual cycle of energy and resources, enhancing its sustainability, improving economic efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. This invention, through in-depth development of the multiple ecological functions of mushrooms, constructs a pathway of "biomass tiered utilization—energy conversion." Mushrooms not only form a carbon-oxygen cycle with crops but also act as a highly efficient biodegrader, transforming agricultural waste into mushroom products (the first high-value utilization). Their metabolic byproduct—mushroom residue—is easily utilized biomass due to its loose structure and simplified composition, significantly reducing the energy consumption and cost of subsequent energy conversion. After photocatalytic methanol production and syngas pretreatment, the mushroom residue is converted into standard fuel and fed back into methanol reforming fuel cells for clean power generation. Relying on the efficient conversion of mushrooms and mushroom residue, multiple energy outputs—from waste to products, electricity, and heat—are achieved, simultaneously realizing synergistic gains in reduced operating costs, carbon footprint reduction, and improved economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the smart agriculture system for closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the smart agriculture implementation method provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0021] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this invention are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a technical feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0022] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0023] Before demonstrating the embodiments, the following terms will be explained.

[0024] An RMFC (Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell) is a device that uses the methanol reforming reaction to produce hydrogen, which is then converted into electrical energy through a fuel cell power generation module. Methanol (CH3OH) reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The generated hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell power generation module, where, under the action of a catalyst, it decomposes into protons (H+). + ) and electrons (e -Protons pass through a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to reach the cathode, while electrons generate an electric current through an external circuit. At the cathode, oxygen (O2) reacts with protons and electrons to produce water (H2O), completing an electrochemical reaction to generate electricity.

[0025] This invention provides a smart agriculture system and method for closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization, which will be described below.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the smart agriculture system for closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization provided by the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization smart agriculture system includes: a fuel cell power generation module 1, an energy storage battery pack 2 and load 3, a recovery module 4, an energy storage module 5, a carbon dioxide storage tank 6, a methanol production unit 7, a syngas pretreatment unit 8, and spatially separated upper crop planting area 9 and lower mushroom planting area 10; among which, The fuel input terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1 is connected to the syngas output terminal of the syngas pretreatment device 8, the first power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1 is connected to the power input terminal of the load 3, and the second power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1 is connected to the power input terminal of the energy storage battery pack 2. The gas input end of the recovery module 4 is connected to the reaction exhaust port of the fuel cell power generation module 1, and the liquid circulation pipeline of the recovery module 4 is connected to the energy storage module 5. The recovery module 4 is used to recover the waste heat in the reaction exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power generation module 1 and to cool and purify the carbon dioxide in the reaction exhaust gas. The energy storage module 5 is used to provide heating for the upper crop planting area 9 and the lower mushroom planting area 10. The carbon dioxide storage tank 6 has its gas input end connected to the gas output end of the recovery module 4, and is used to store cooled and purified carbon dioxide. The inlet of the methanol production device 7 is used to store the mushroom residue produced from the lower mushroom cultivation area 10, and the gas output end of the methanol production device 7 is used to output syngas. The gas input end of the syngas pretreatment device 8 is connected to the gas output end of the methanol production device 7, and the gas output end of the syngas pretreatment device 8 is connected to the fuel input end of the fuel cell power generation module 1, for purifying the syngas and adjusting the gas ratio.

[0027] It should be noted that the fuel cell power generation module uses a methanol reforming fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell. Its fuel input is connected to the gas output of the syngas pretreatment device 8 via pipelines and flow control valves. The DC power generated by the fuel cell directly supplies power to the load 3 through the first power output, meeting its daily operating power requirements. The second power output is connected to the energy storage battery pack 2 (such as a lithium-ion battery) to store excess electrical energy. The energy storage battery pack 2 can release electrical energy when the fuel cell output power is insufficient, smoothing load fluctuations and nighttime power supply, achieving dynamic power balance, and ensuring stable power supply to the system.

[0028] The gas input of recovery module 4 is connected to the fuel cell exhaust port via a high-temperature resistant pipeline to receive the exhaust gas emitted by the fuel cell. This exhaust gas contains a large amount of waste heat and carbon dioxide. The exhaust gas first enters a waste heat exchanger to exchange heat with a circulating medium (such as water-ethylene glycol solution, water, etc.) to recover sensible heat. After cooling, the exhaust gas can enter a carbon dioxide adsorption / absorption unit (such as using amine liquid adsorption or solid adsorbent) to achieve the separation and purification of carbon dioxide from other gases (such as nitrogen).

[0029] The recovery module 4 may include a liquid circulation pipeline and a waste heat exchanger. The liquid circulation pipeline of the recovery module 4 is connected to the energy storage module 5 (such as a sensible hot water tank or a phase change heat storage tank). The waste heat exchanger of the recovery module 4 recovers the waste heat from the reaction tail gas to cool the carbon dioxide in the reaction tail gas and heat the circulating medium. This hot water can be stored in the sensible hot water storage tank for subsequent heating or cooling. The recovery module 4 may also include a purifier to purify the carbon dioxide in the reaction tail gas. Thus, by cooling and purifying the carbon dioxide in the reaction tail gas through the recovery module 4, impurities and harmful gases are removed, ensuring the purity and quality of the carbon dioxide.

[0030] The energy storage module 5 is connected to radiators / fan coil units arranged in the upper and lower planting areas via a circulation pump, releasing heat when needed to provide a suitable temperature for the growth of mushrooms and crops. Specifically, the hot water in the energy storage module 5 is piped to the upper crop planting area 9 and the lower mushroom planting area 10, providing stable heating to these areas. This significantly reduces temperature control costs in winter or low-temperature environments.

[0031] The gas inlet of carbon dioxide storage tank 6 is connected to the gas outlet of recovery module 4 to receive cooled and purified carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide storage tank 6 stores this high-purity carbon dioxide for later use. This carbon dioxide can be used for plant photosynthesis, improving crop growth efficiency. The outlet of carbon dioxide storage tank 6 is connected to the upper crop planting area 9 via a pressure reducing valve and distribution pipes, and is equipped with a gas diffusion device to slowly release carbon dioxide during periods of sunlight, increasing the concentration to 800-1500 ppm to promote photosynthesis.

[0032] The mushroom residue produced in the lower mushroom cultivation area 10 is transported to the inlet of the methanol production unit 7 (such as a fluidized bed gasifier or a photocatalytic reactor). In the gasifier, the mushroom residue is converted into syngas, mainly composed of CO and H2, under a limited oxygen environment; in the photocatalytic reactor, the mushroom residue is converted into syngas, mainly composed of CO and H2, under the influence of a catalyst (such as TiO2 / g-C3N4) and light. The gas output of the methanol production unit 7 outputs the generated syngas to the syngas pretreatment unit 8. In this way, the present invention deeply develops and expands the ecological functions of mushrooms. Based on the carbon-oxygen cycle, it utilizes the secondary function of mushrooms as a highly efficient biodegrader, constructing a pathway of "biomass cascade utilization—energy conversion". Specifically, while mushrooms degrade agricultural waste using their unique enzyme system, achieving their own growth and producing mushroom products (the first stage of high-value utilization), the mushroom residue—a metabolic byproduct—is initially transformed into easily usable biomass with a looser physical structure and simpler chemical composition due to the initial breakdown of complex structures such as lignocellulose. Compared to the original biological waste, the residue significantly reduces the energy consumption and cost of subsequent energy conversion processes such as crushing and homogenization. Therefore, the residue is transported to the methanol production unit 7, where it is converted into syngas under mild conditions. The syngas then undergoes purification and proportioning in the methanol production unit 7 based on the residue, producing target syngas that meets fuel standards. Finally, the target syngas is fed back into the methanol reforming fuel cell to provide stable power generation as clean fuel. This achieves multiple energy conversions and utilizations, from agricultural waste to high-value products, and then to clean electricity and system heat energy. Simultaneously, it significantly reduces operating costs, effectively reduces the system's carbon footprint, and achieves dual economic benefits in both products and energy, forming a synergistic gain of resource closed-loop and value enhancement.

[0033] The syngas pretreatment unit 8 purifies the input syngas, removes impurities, and adjusts the gas ratio to meet the input requirements of the fuel cell. The treated syngas is then fed back into the fuel input of the fuel cell, achieving energy recycling. For example, the syngas output from the methanol production unit 7 enters the syngas pretreatment unit 8, where it undergoes dust removal, cooling, and desulfurization (such as with zinc oxide desulfurizer) to remove impurities. The H2 / CO ratio can be adjusted using membrane separation or PSA technology to meet the fuel requirements of the fuel cell.

[0034] The syngas pretreatment unit 8 purifies and adjusts the gas ratio of the syngas produced by the methanol production unit 7 before outputting it to the fuel input of the fuel cell. The purified and adjusted syngas is then returned to the fuel input of the fuel cell, completing a closed loop of conversion from biomass energy to chemical energy and then to electrical energy. This ensures high-quality and stable composition of the gas input to the fuel cell, thereby improving the fuel cell's power generation efficiency and stability. This forms a "biomass-mushroom product-mushroom residue power generation" chain, increasing the biomass resource utilization rate to over 80%, significantly reducing agricultural waste emissions, and greatly improving the technical problems of low material recycling efficiency and insufficient utilization of agricultural waste in vertical agriculture. During mushroom growth, enzymes are secreted to decompose recalcitrant components such as cellulose and hemicellulose in biomass (such as straw and sawdust), making the fiber structure of the mushroom residue looser and reducing the lignin content. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the mushroom residue is higher than that of the original biomass, reducing the energy consumption and cost of pretreatment (such as crushing and enzymatic hydrolysis). Compared to the direct biomass utilization segment of traditional vertical agriculture, this system improves economic benefits while reducing utilization costs through multiple utilizations of biomass.

[0035] In summary, the closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization smart agriculture system provided by this invention firstly utilizes the syngas generated within the system directly to generate electricity, reducing dependence on the external power grid and improving energy self-sufficiency. By combining waste heat recovery with phase change thermal storage, it replaces traditional air conditioning and electric heating equipment, significantly reducing temperature control energy consumption and costs by 30%-40%, while also avoiding the problem of dry air. Furthermore, the carbon-oxygen cycle ecological coupling system constructed by the mushroom layer and the upper crops improves the system's material cycle efficiency and achieves a virtuous cycle of the ecosystem. Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation module 1, energy storage battery pack 2 and load 3, recovery module 4, energy storage module 5, carbon dioxide storage tank 6, methanol production unit 7, syngas pretreatment unit 8, and the spatially separated upper crop planting area 9 and lower mushroom planting area 10 achieve a complete material cycle of "agricultural waste (mushroom residue) → syngas → fuel cell power generation → CO2 reaction tail gas → crop fertilizer," increasing the comprehensive utilization rate of biomass resources to over 80%. Moreover, the recovered carbon dioxide is directly used as fertilizer to enhance photosynthesis, which is expected to increase crop yield by 10%-15%, while simultaneously achieving carbon sequestration and reuse. Furthermore, the on-site conversion of agricultural waste into clean energy significantly reduces agricultural waste emissions, avoids pollution from straw burning or accumulation, and achieves the harmlessness and resource utilization of waste. Through multi-level utilization of mushroom cultivation and biomass, the system achieves a dual cycle of energy and resources, enhancing the system's sustainability, improving economic efficiency, and reducing environmental impact.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the energy storage module 5 includes a sensible heat storage tank, and a phase change heat storage unit is installed inside the sensible heat storage tank.

[0037] It should be noted that the sensible heat storage tank is the core component of energy storage module 5, used to store and release sensible heat from the hot water. Sensible heat refers to the heat absorbed or released by a substance when its temperature changes, without involving a phase change. The phase change thermal storage unit is a key component within the sensible heat storage tank, used to store and release latent heat. Phase change materials (PCMs) absorb or release a large amount of heat during the phase change process, while the temperature remains relatively stable.

[0038] A sensible heat storage tank is a large, pressurized or non-pressurized container filled with water or antifreeze (such as an aqueous ethylene glycol solution) as the sensible heat storage medium. The tank is externally wrapped with an insulation layer (such as polyurethane foam) to reduce heat loss. Phase change storage units can be modularly immersed and fixed inside the sensible heat storage tank; these units can be parallel tube bundles, plate structures, or sealed spherical containers. Sensible heat storage tanks are typically made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or fiberglass. Multiple baffles or pipes are installed internally to increase water flow paths and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0039] The phase change thermal energy storage unit can be integrated into the sensible thermal energy storage tank in various forms. For example, during the thermal energy storage stage, the circulating medium heated by the waste heat from the recovery module 4 can be pumped into the sensible thermal energy storage tank through pipelines. The circulating medium first exchanges heat with the water in the tank and the phase change thermal energy storage unit.

[0040] During the heat storage phase, the temperature of the water (sensible heat medium) in the tank rises first. When the water temperature reaches the melting point of the phase change material (e.g., 28°C), the phase change heat storage unit begins to absorb a large amount of heat and melts into a liquid state. This process stores a large amount of latent heat at a near-constant temperature, thus rapidly and efficiently storing the waste heat. During the heat release phase, when the fuel cell power decreases or the ambient temperature drops at night and heating is needed in the planting area, the system's heating circulation pipeline is activated, pumping colder water from the planting area coils back to the hot water storage tank. The cold water first lowers the temperature of the sensible water in the tank. When the water temperature drops to the freezing point of the phase change material, the phase change material begins to solidify, releasing the latent heat stored in the heat storage phase. This process also takes place at a near-constant temperature, thus maintaining the temperature of the heating water flow stably for a long time.

[0041] In this embodiment, by setting a phase change thermal storage unit in the sensible heat storage tank, the system achieves efficient recovery and reuse of waste heat, significantly improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces temperature control costs, enhances system stability and reliability, and is environmentally friendly, reducing temperature control costs and energy waste.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the phase change material used in the phase change thermal storage unit is a fatty acid-based material with a melting point of 25-30°C.

[0043] It should be noted that phase change materials are typically fatty acid-based materials that undergo phase change between 25-30℃. Common fatty acid-based materials include palmitic acid (melting point approximately 63℃) and stearic acid (melting point approximately 69-70℃), but to meet the 25-30℃ melting point requirement, specific fatty acid mixtures or modified fatty acids can be used. These fatty acid-based materials have high latent heat storage capacity during phase change, are chemically stable, and are not easily decomposed, making them suitable for long-term thermal energy storage. A eutectic mixture of decanoic acid and lauric acid is preferred. When these two fatty acids are mixed in a specific ratio (e.g., approximately 70-80% lauric acid and 20-30% decanoic acid), their eutectic melting point can be precisely controlled within the ideal range of 25-30℃. This material has well-defined melting and solidification points and a high latent heat of phase change (typically reaching 160-180 kJ / kg).

[0044] To improve thermal conductivity, highly thermally conductive fillers, such as expanded graphite flakes or metal-based nanoparticles (e.g., alumina, carbon nanotubes), can be incorporated into fatty acid mixtures to form composite phase change materials, thus addressing the issue of the low thermal conductivity (approximately 0.2 W / m·K) of pure fatty acids. To ensure the stability and safety of phase change materials during use, they are typically encapsulated in small containers. These containers can be capsules made of metal (e.g., aluminum) or plastic (e.g., polypropylene), possessing good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance.

[0045] The encapsulated phase change material (PCM) is uniformly distributed within the sensible heat storage tank. Several integration methods can be employed: decentralized (PCM capsules are dispersed in the water within the tank, with heat exchange achieved through water flow), layered (multiple layers of PCM are placed within the tank, connected by thermally conductive materials (such as aluminum plates) to improve heat transfer efficiency), and hybrid (PCM is directly mixed with water to form a composite material; this method requires ensuring uniform distribution and stability of the PCM in the water). Alternatively, the prepared composite PCM can be sealed within tubular or plate containers made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), stainless steel, or aluminum. The encapsulation material must possess excellent corrosion resistance, long-term sealing properties, and high thermal conductivity to ensure efficient heat exchange with the water in the sensible heat storage tank while preventing fatty acid leakage. These encapsulated PCM units are then densely and uniformly arranged and fixed inside the sensible heat storage tank in a modular array. Their arrangement requires optimized water flow paths to ensure sufficient and effective contact between the circulating medium in the tank and all PCM units.

[0046] When the circulating medium, heated to above 28°C by waste heat, flows through the hot water storage tank, the heat is transferred to the phase change material (PCM) through the encapsulation shell. When its temperature reaches its melting point, the PCM begins to absorb a large amount of latent heat and transforms from a solid to a liquid state. During this phase change plateau, the rise in the outlet water temperature is effectively buffered, thereby maximizing the capture and storage of waste heat. When heating the planting area, the return cold water temperature decreases. When the water temperature falls below the freezing point of the PCM, the liquid PCM begins to solidify, releasing the stored latent heat to effectively maintain the outlet water temperature within the comfortable range for crop growth.

[0047] In this embodiment, by using fatty acid materials with a melting point of 25-30℃ in the phase change thermal storage unit, the system achieves efficient recovery and reuse of waste heat, significantly improves energy utilization efficiency, reduces temperature control costs, enhances system stability and reliability, and is environmentally friendly, reducing temperature control costs and energy waste.

[0048] One possible implementation also includes: A gas circulation device is provided for transporting oxygen generated in the upper crop planting area 9 to the lower mushroom planting area 10, and for transporting carbon dioxide generated in the lower mushroom planting area 10 to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 or the upper crop planting area 9.

[0049] It should be noted that the gas circulation device may include a gas collection unit (including oxygen and carbon dioxide collection devices), a gas delivery unit, and a gas processing and distribution unit. An oxygen enrichment outlet (i.e., an oxygen collection device) is located near the top of the upper crop planting area 9 to collect oxygen (density higher than CO2) naturally produced by the photosynthesis of the upper crops. A carbon dioxide collection device (i.e., a carbon dioxide enrichment outlet) is located near the bottom of the lower mushroom planting area 10 to collect CO2 (density higher than air) released by the respiration of the mushrooms. The gas delivery unit includes gas pipelines (including supply and return air pipelines) and a gas pump. The gas pump drives the gas flow in the pipelines, ensuring efficient gas delivery from one area to another, forming a closed-loop airflow path through the gas pump, supply air pipeline, and return air pipeline. Controllable air valves are installed on the gas pipelines to regulate the airflow distribution in each branch. The gas pipelines are typically made of corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant materials, such as polyethylene or stainless steel. The gas processing and distribution unit includes a gas filtration device (such as a primary filter for removing dust and spores) and an intelligent airflow distributor. The gas processing and distribution unit can, according to system instructions, direct CO2-rich airflow from the mushroom cultivation area to the upper crop planting area 9 or the carbon dioxide storage tank 6.

[0050] The upper crops in the upper crop planting area 9 produce oxygen through photosynthesis, which is then transported to the lower mushroom planting area 10 via gas pipelines and gas pumps. The mushrooms in the lower mushroom planting area 10 require oxygen for respiration during their growth, and the oxygen transported from the upper crop planting area 9 meets their growth needs. The mushrooms in the lower mushroom planting area 10 produce carbon dioxide during respiration, which is transported to the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 or the upper crop planting area 9 via gas pipelines and gas pumps. The upper crops in the upper crop planting area 9 require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and the carbon dioxide transported from the lower mushroom planting area 10 improves the efficiency of photosynthesis and promotes crop growth. CO2 and O2 concentration sensors are installed in the upper and lower planting areas respectively to monitor the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in real time, ensuring the accuracy and safety of gas circulation. The gas processing and distribution unit can automatically adjust the operating status of the gas pumps, fans, and valves based on the feedback from the gas concentration sensors, achieving automated management of gas circulation.

[0051] In this embodiment, through a gas circulation device, the system achieves efficient recycling of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the upper crop planting area 9 and the lower mushroom planting area 10. This not only improves resource utilization efficiency and optimizes the growth environment, but also enhances the sustainability and economy of the system, solving the problems of low gas circulation efficiency and high operating costs in existing vertical agriculture systems.

[0052] One possible implementation also includes: A voltage converter is connected between the first power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1 and the power input terminal of the load 3. The voltage converter is used to convert the DC voltage output by the fuel cell power generation module 1.

[0053] It should be noted that the voltage converter is connected between the first power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1 and the power input terminal of the load 3. Its main function is to convert the DC voltage output by the fuel cell into a voltage suitable for use by the load 3. The voltage converter may include a DC / DC converter, a filter circuit, and a protection circuit.

[0054] A DC / DC converter is used to convert the DC voltage output from the fuel cell into the required DC voltage. A DC / DC converter typically consists of power semiconductor devices (such as MOSFETs and IGBTs) and control circuitry, enabling efficient voltage conversion. A filter circuit smooths the ripple generated during voltage conversion, ensuring the stability of the output voltage. A protection circuit protects the voltage converter and load 3 from damage caused by overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuits, or other abnormal conditions. High-frequency switching DC-DC converters are generally used, and the specific topology can be selected as buck, boost, or buck-boost based on the system voltage requirements. For example, if the fuel cell output DC voltage is high (e.g., 400-600V), while load 3 requires a lower voltage (e.g., 48V or 24V), an isolated buck converter is selected; if a boost converter is required, a boost converter is used.

[0055] The DC voltage output by fuel cell power generation module 1 is typically within a certain range, such as 24V or 48V, depending on the design and configuration of the fuel cell. A voltage converter transforms the input voltage into the required voltage according to the load 3's requirements. For example, if load 3 requires 12V DC voltage, the voltage converter converts the 48V input voltage to a 12V output voltage. The converted voltage is smoothed by a filter circuit before being output to the power input terminal of load 3, providing stable power to load 3.

[0056] The input terminal of the voltage converter is directly connected to the first power output terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1 via a large-section cable to receive the raw DC power generated by it. The output terminal of the voltage converter is connected to the power input terminal of the vertical agricultural load 3, providing a stable and suitable DC voltage for the load 3, such as the LED driver, DC water pump, and DC fan. The DC voltage output by the fuel cell (whose value may fluctuate with the power of the load 3) first enters the voltage converter. The PWM controller samples the output voltage in real time, compares it with the internal reference voltage, and then dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the switching transistor. Finally, through the LC filter circuit, a constant, smooth DC power supply that is strictly matched with the rated voltage of the load 3 is output. The voltage converter may have a communication interface to connect to the controller in the following embodiment. The controller can send commands to the voltage converter according to the light requirements of different crop growth stages to dynamically fine-tune its output voltage, thereby achieving precise and stepless control of the brightness or spectrum of the LED light source array.

[0057] In this embodiment, the DC voltage output by the fuel cell power generation module 1 can be efficiently converted into the voltage required by the vertical agricultural load 3 by the voltage converter. This not only improves energy utilization efficiency and ensures the stable operation of the load 3, but also enhances the flexibility, compatibility, safety and reliability of the system, and solves the problems of voltage mismatch and high energy loss in existing vertical agricultural systems.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the methanol production device 7 is a photocatalytic reactor, which contains at least one of TiO2-based and g-C3N4-based composite photocatalysts, and operates under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation and normal pressure conditions.

[0059] It should be noted that the photocatalytic reactor is the core component of the methanol production unit 7, used to convert organic matter in the bacterial residue into syngas through a photocatalytic reaction. A fixed-bed or fluidized-bed photocatalytic reactor can be used. The photocatalytic reactor is made of highly transparent quartz glass or corrosion-resistant special glass to ensure light efficiency. A porous support (such as ceramic rings, activated carbon fibers, or metal mesh) is installed inside the reactor. At least one of TiO2-based and g-C3N4-based composite photocatalysts is provided inside the photocatalytic reactor, and the selected TiO2-based / g-C3N4-based composite photocatalyst is firmly loaded onto the surface of the porous support in the form of a coating. An ultraviolet or visible light source is provided, which can be an LED lamp, fluorescent lamp, or other suitable light source, to ensure that the photocatalyst is fully activated, enabling it to efficiently catalyze the decomposition of organic matter under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation. The methanol production unit 7 also includes a gas collection device for collecting the syngas generated during the reaction. The entire reaction for generating syngas in the photocatalytic reactor is carried out under atmospheric pressure (or slightly positive pressure to prevent air backflow) and low temperature (<80°C) conditions. The inlet of the photocatalytic reactor is connected to the bacterial residue feeding and carrier gas (such as water vapor or inert gas) system, and the outlet of the photocatalytic reactor is connected to the syngas pretreatment device 8.

[0060] The pretreated bacterial residue slurry or gasification products are fed into the photocatalytic reactor along with the carrier gas. The bacterial residue contains abundant organic matter, which serves as the raw material for the photocatalytic reaction. Under normal temperature and pressure, a light source is turned on to provide ultraviolet or visible light to irradiate the catalyst surface. The TiO2-based and g-C3N4-based composite photocatalysts are activated under light irradiation, generating highly active electron-hole pairs. These electron-hole pairs react with the organic matter in the bacterial residue, decomposing it into syngas, primarily composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2).

[0061] In this embodiment, by using a photocatalytic reactor, the organic matter in the fungal residue can be efficiently converted into syngas. This not only realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste and improves energy conversion efficiency, but also enhances the environmental friendliness and economic benefits of the system, solving the problems of waste treatment and energy supply in existing vertical agricultural systems.

[0062] In one possible implementation, it also includes: a controller, wherein the load 3 includes an environmental sensor group, a light source array, and an irrigation pump group; The controller is connected to the environmental sensor group and the light source array, and is used to receive sensor data collected by the environmental sensor group, and generate control commands to the light source array and the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 according to the sensor data, so as to adjust at least one of the illumination parameters of the light source array, the carbon dioxide slow release rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, and the irrigation parameters of the irrigation pump group.

[0063] It should be noted that the controller is the core component of the vertical agriculture system. It receives sensor data collected by the environmental sensor array and generates control commands based on this data to adjust the illumination parameters of the light source array, the carbon dioxide release rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, and the irrigation parameters of the irrigation pump set. The controller uses an embedded microprocessor or PLC as the main control unit and has multiple analog / digital signal input / output interfaces and a communication interface.

[0064] The environmental sensor array may include a light sensor for measuring light intensity in the planting area, a temperature sensor for measuring air temperature in the planting area, a humidity sensor for measuring air humidity in the planting area, a carbon dioxide sensor for measuring carbon dioxide concentration in the planting area, and a soil moisture sensor for measuring parameters such as soil volumetric water content or substrate moisture. The environmental sensor array collects environmental parameters of the planting area in real time and transmits this data to the controller.

[0065] Light source arrays typically use LED light sources, which offer advantages such as high efficiency, energy saving, and long lifespan. Illumination parameters include light intensity and illumination duration. The controller sets the on and off times of the light source based on the crop's growth cycle and light requirements. The controller can adjust the LED light source's illumination intensity based on the crop's growth needs and ambient light intensity. The controller can also adjust the spectral distribution of the light source according to the crop's growth stage to optimize photosynthesis. Irrigation parameters may include irrigation frequency and irrigation volume.

[0066] For example, the controller has a pre-stored crop growth model, which can be updated via a host computer. This model defines the optimal range of environmental factors required for different growth stages (seedling stage, growth stage, and fruiting stage). The controller compares real-time illumination with setpoints and dynamically adjusts the light intensity, spectral ratio, and on-time of the LED light source array via PWM or 0-10V signals. Based on feedback from the carbon dioxide sensor, the controller adjusts the slow-release rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration in the planting area is within a suitable range, thereby improving the efficiency of photosynthesis. Based on soil moisture data, ambient temperature and humidity, and crop growth stage, the controller intelligently decides the timing, duration, and frequency of irrigation, enabling on-demand water replenishment, ensuring soil moisture is within a suitable range, and avoiding water waste. The controller has data recording and learning capabilities, continuously optimizing control parameters to form the optimal strategy best suited for local planting.

[0067] In this embodiment, through precise control of the controller, the illumination parameters of the light source array, the slow release rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank 6, and the irrigation parameters of the irrigation pump group can be dynamically adjusted. This not only improves crop yield and quality but also enhances resource utilization efficiency, strengthens the stability and reliability of the system, and improves the automation and intelligence level of the system. It solves the problems of inaccurate environmental control and low resource utilization efficiency in existing vertical agriculture systems.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the syngas pretreatment device 8 includes: A purification unit is used to remove impurities from the synthesis gas; An adjustment unit, connected to the purification unit, is used to adjust the ratio of carbon monoxide gas to hydrogen gas in the purified synthesis gas, wherein the ratio of carbon monoxide gas to hydrogen gas is 1:3 to 1:2.

[0069] It should be noted that the syngas pretreatment unit 8 is used to purify and regulate the gas ratio of the syngas produced by the methanol production unit 7, ensuring that the quality and composition of the syngas meet the input requirements of the fuel cell. The syngas pretreatment unit 8 includes a purification unit and a regulation unit, which are connected in a sealed pipeline. After purification and precise ratio regulation, the syngas is directly delivered to the fuel reformer or inlet of the methanol reforming fuel cell.

[0070] The purification unit adopts a multi-stage series tower or tank structure, filled with a special purification medium. A condenser separates and condenses water vapor from the syngas, reducing its content. Adsorbents (such as activated carbon and molecular sieves) adsorb sulfides and other impurities from the syngas. A chemical absorbent (such as alkaline solution) absorbs carbon dioxide from the syngas, further purifying the gas. In summary, the purification process is as follows: after the syngas exits from methanol production unit 7, it first enters the purification unit, where a condenser separates and condenses water vapor, reducing its content. The condensed gas then passes through an adsorbent bed, where sulfides and other impurities are adsorbed. A chemical absorbent further absorbs carbon dioxide from the syngas, ensuring gas purity. The purified syngas then enters the regulating unit.

[0071] The regulating unit can use gas separation technologies (such as membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption, etc.) to separate carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the syngas. According to the input requirements of the fuel cell, the separated carbon monoxide and hydrogen are mixed in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:2 via a gas mixer. The proportioning process involves the purified syngas entering the gas separation unit, where carbon monoxide and hydrogen are separated using membrane separation or pressure swing adsorption technology. According to the input requirements of the fuel cell, the separated carbon monoxide and hydrogen are mixed in a ratio of 1:3 to 1:2 via a gas mixer. The gas ratio after mixing is monitored in real time by a gas sensor to ensure it remains between 1:3 and 1:2. The regulated syngas is then output to the fuel input terminal of the fuel cell.

[0072] In this embodiment, the purification and adjustment units of the syngas pretreatment device 8 can efficiently remove impurities from the syngas and precisely adjust the ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the syngas, ensuring that the quality and composition of the syngas meet the input requirements of the fuel cell. This not only improves the performance and lifespan of the fuel cell, but also enhances the stability and reliability of the system, improves resource utilization efficiency, and meets the requirements of sustainable development.

[0073] Based on the smart agriculture system that utilizes closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy in a cascade manner, the corresponding system is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention also provides a method for implementing smart agriculture, the method comprising: S100: The methanol is converted into DC power using the fuel cell power generation module 1.

[0074] It should be noted that: Fuel cell power generation module 1 uses a methanol reforming fuel cell (RMFC), with the fuel end connected to a methanol storage tank. Methanol reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen produced by the fuel cell reaction enters the anode of the fuel cell, and the oxygen enters the cathode, converting chemical energy into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction, outputting direct current (DC). The DC power output from the fuel cell is divided into two parts: one part is directly transmitted to load 3, and the other part is stored in the energy storage battery pack 2.

[0075] S200: A portion of the DC power is transmitted to the load 3, and the other portion of the DC power is stored in the energy storage battery pack 2.

[0076] It should be noted that the DC power generated by the fuel cell is distributed in two paths. The first path directly supplies vertical agricultural loads 3 such as LED light sources, fans, and water pumps, enabling immediate use. The second path connects to an energy storage battery pack 2 composed of lithium batteries, used to store excess electrical energy and release it during peak electricity demand or when the fuel cell power is insufficient, ensuring dynamic power balance and power supply stability of the system.

[0077] S300, The reaction exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power generation module 1 is introduced into the recovery module 4 to cool and purify the carbon dioxide in the reaction exhaust gas.

[0078] It should be noted that the high-temperature reaction exhaust gas (rich in CO2 and water vapor) generated by the fuel cell is introduced into recovery module 4. The reaction exhaust gas first flows through a waste heat exchanger, where the waste heat in the high-temperature reaction exhaust gas is recovered and used to heat the circulating medium. That is, the sensible heat is transferred to the circulating medium (such as a water-glycol solution), thereby cooling the high-temperature reaction exhaust gas and achieving waste heat recovery. The cooled reaction exhaust gas then enters the CO2 capture unit (such as using amine liquid chemical absorption or solid-state physical adsorption technology), where CO2 is separated from other components (such as nitrogen) and initially purified. In this way, the carbon dioxide in the high-temperature reaction exhaust gas is cooled and purified, removing impurities and harmful gases and ensuring the purity of the carbon dioxide.

[0079] S400: Control the circulating medium in the recovery module 4 to flow through the energy storage module 5, so as to convert the waste heat recovered by the recovery module 4 into thermal energy and store it in the energy storage module 5.

[0080] It should be noted that the circulating medium, having absorbed waste heat from recovery module 4, is pumped to energy storage module 5. The core of this module consists of a sensible heat storage tank and a built-in phase change thermal energy storage unit. As the circulating medium flows through energy storage module 5, it transfers heat to the storage medium (water and phase change material), stably storing the thermal energy for subsequent heating.

[0081] S500: Based on the heat load demand of the upper crop planting area 9, control the energy storage module 5 to release the stored heat energy.

[0082] It should be noted that the heat load demand of the upper crop planting area 9 is monitored in real time by temperature sensors. Based on the monitoring data, the circulating medium in the energy storage module 5 is controlled to release the stored heat energy to the upper crop planting area 9 to meet its heating needs.

[0083] S600: The carbon dioxide gas cooled and purified by the recovery module 4 is collected in the carbon dioxide storage tank 6 and supplied to the upper crop planting area 9 according to the carbon dioxide demand of the upper crop planting area 9.

[0084] It should be noted that the high-purity carbon dioxide gas captured and purified from the recovery module 4 is collected, compressed, and stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 6. Based on the carbon dioxide requirements of the upper crop planting area 9, carbon dioxide is supplied from the storage tank to the upper crop planting area 9 to improve photosynthetic efficiency.

[0085] S700: Introduce the oxygen generated in the upper crop planting area 9 into the lower mushroom planting area 10, and transport the agricultural waste generated in the upper crop planting area 9 to the lower mushroom planting area 10.

[0086] It should be noted that: through a gas circulation device (such as a low-power fan), oxygen produced by the photosynthesis of the upper crops is transported to the lower mushroom cultivation area 10 to meet the aerobic respiration requirements of the mushrooms. At the same time, agricultural waste generated during crop cultivation (such as straw and residual leaves) is transported to the mushroom area as substrate for mushroom cultivation, realizing the first resource utilization of waste.

[0087] S800 After the mushrooms are harvested, the mushroom cultivation residue produced in the lower mushroom cultivation area 10 is transported to the methanol production unit 7 to generate syngas.

[0088] It should be noted that after the mushrooms are harvested, the remaining mushroom cultivation residue is collected and transported to methanol production unit 7 (such as a photocatalytic reactor). In this unit, the mushroom residue is converted into syngas, which is mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, under the action of a catalyst (such as TiO2 / g-C3N4) and light.

[0089] S900, The syngas is fed into the syngas pretreatment device 8, and the treated syngas is fed back as fuel to the fuel input terminal of the fuel cell power generation module 1.

[0090] It should be noted that the syngas first enters the syngas pretreatment unit 8, where harmful impurities are removed by the purification unit (desulfurization and dust removal). Then, the H2 / CO ratio is precisely adjusted to the required 1:3 to 1:2 range for the fuel cell by the regulating unit (such as membrane separation or pressure swing adsorption). The treated (i.e., purified and regulated) high-quality syngas is then fed back to the fuel input of the fuel cell power generation module 1 to participate in reforming and power generation, completing a closed loop from "waste" to "fuel" and realizing the recycling of energy.

[0091] In this embodiment, energy waste is reduced and energy utilization efficiency is improved by recovering the waste heat from the reaction exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell. Converting the fungal residue into syngas and feeding it back into the fuel cell achieves energy recycling, further improving energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, storing excess electrical energy through the energy storage battery pack 2 ensures stable power supply under different operating conditions, enhancing system reliability. Furthermore, real-time monitoring and adjustment of the system's operating status by sensors and controllers ensures stable system operation. Furthermore, efficient recycling of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and biomass is achieved through gas circulation and fungal residue treatment, improving resource utilization efficiency. Furthermore, converting agricultural waste into valuable resources reduces waste emissions, meeting the requirements of sustainable development. Furthermore, waste heat recovery and energy recycling reduce dependence on external energy sources, lowering operating costs. Furthermore, optimizing the growth environment for crops and mushrooms improves yield and quality, enhancing the system's economic benefits. In summary, the above steps achieve deep integration of fuel cell power generation, waste heat recovery, gas circulation, biomass treatment, and energy recycling. This not only improves energy efficiency but also enhances system stability and reliability, improves resource utilization efficiency, meets the requirements of sustainable development, and has significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0092] One possible implementation also includes: When the temperature of the circulating medium is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the energy storage module 5, heat is stored in the energy storage module 5; When the ambient temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold or the system power is lower than the set threshold, the energy storage module 5 is controlled to release heat and provide heating to the upper crop planting area 9 through the circulating medium.

[0093] It should be noted that energy storage module 5 includes a sensible heat storage tank and a phase change thermal energy storage unit for storing and releasing thermal energy. Temperature sensors are installed in the pipeline of the circulating medium and in energy storage module 5 to monitor the temperature of the circulating medium and the temperature of the phase change material in energy storage module 5 in real time. The controller's logic unit compares this temperature value with a preset phase change temperature of the phase change material (e.g., 28°C). When the temperature of the circulating medium is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in energy storage module 5, the controller triggers the heat storage process. The circulating medium flows through energy storage module 5 through the pipeline, transferring heat to the phase change thermal energy storage unit. The phase change material changes from a solid to a liquid state, absorbing a large amount of latent heat, while the water in the sensible heat storage tank also absorbs sensible heat. The circulating medium continues to flow through energy storage module 5 until its temperature drops below the phase change temperature of the phase change material, completing the heat storage.

[0094] The heat release mechanism of energy storage module 5 is triggered by two core conditions, either of which must be met: when the ambient temperature is below a first temperature threshold (e.g., 15°C), the controller triggers the heat release process. When the system power is below a set threshold (e.g., 50% of rated power), the controller triggers the heat release process. Upon receiving either of the above signals (ambient temperature below the first temperature threshold or system power below the set threshold), the controller immediately initiates the heat release cycle. The controller adjusts the flow direction of the circulating medium, directing it through energy storage module 5. The phase change material changes from liquid to solid, releasing latent heat, while the water in the sensible heat storage tank also releases sensible heat. This heat is transferred to the upper crop planting area 9 through the circulating medium, providing heating for the crops. The circulating medium continues to flow through the upper crop planting area 9 until the ambient temperature rises back to the set range or the system power returns to normal, completing the heating process.

[0095] In this embodiment, the system efficiently stores waste heat generated by the fuel cell through phase change materials and a sensible heat storage tank, reducing energy waste. The system dynamically adjusts heat storage and release based on changes in ambient temperature and system power, ensuring efficient operation under various conditions. Furthermore, through real-time monitoring and feedback from temperature sensors and a controller, the system automatically adjusts heat storage and release to ensure temperature stability in the upper crop planting area 9. The controller has fault diagnosis and alarm functions, enabling timely detection and handling of abnormal situations, improving system reliability. Furthermore, through heat storage and release, the system achieves energy recycling, improving resource utilization efficiency, reducing reliance on traditional heating equipment, and lowering system operating costs. Waste heat recovery and energy recycling reduce dependence on external energy sources, lowering operating costs. By optimizing the crop growth environment, crop yield and quality are improved, enhancing the system's economic benefits. In summary, the controller automatically adjusts heat storage and release based on the temperature of the circulating medium and environmental conditions, not only improving energy utilization efficiency but also enhancing system stability and reliability, increasing resource utilization efficiency, meeting the requirements of sustainable development, and demonstrating significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0096] The above provides a detailed description of the smart agriculture system and smart agriculture implementation method for the closed-loop alcohol-hydrogen energy cascade utilization provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A closed-loop alcohol hydrogen energy step utilization intelligent agricultural system, characterized in that, The system comprises a fuel cell power generation module, an energy storage battery pack and a load, a recovery module, an energy storage module, a carbon dioxide storage tank, a methanol production device, a synthesis gas pretreatment device, and a top crop planting area and a bottom mushroom planting area arranged separately in space. The fuel input end of the fuel cell power generation module is connected with the synthesis gas output end of the synthesis gas pretreatment device, the first electric energy output end of the fuel cell power generation module is connected with the electric energy input end of the load, and the second electric energy output end of the fuel cell power generation module is connected with the electric energy input end of the energy storage battery pack. The gas input end of the recovery module is connected with the reaction tail gas discharge port of the fuel cell power generation module, the liquid circulation pipeline of the recovery module is connected with the energy storage module, and the recovery module is used for recovering the waste heat in the reaction tail gas generated by the fuel cell power generation module and cooling and purifying the carbon dioxide in the reaction tail gas. The energy storage module is used for heating the top crop planting area and the bottom mushroom planting area. The gas input end of the carbon dioxide storage tank is connected with the gas output end of the recovery module, and the carbon dioxide storage tank is used for storing the cooled and purified carbon dioxide. The inlet of the methanol production device is used for storing the mushroom residue generated by the bottom mushroom planting area, and the gas output end of the methanol production device is used for outputting synthesis gas. The gas input end of the synthesis gas pretreatment device is connected with the gas output end of the methanol production device, and the gas output end of the synthesis gas pretreatment device is connected with the fuel input end of the fuel cell power generation module, so as to purify the synthesis gas and adjust the gas proportion. The energy storage module comprises a sensible heat storage water tank, and a phase change heat storage unit is arranged in the sensible heat storage water tank.

2. The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy energy ladder utilization of wisdom agricultural system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change material used by the phase change heat storage unit is a fatty acid material with a melting point of 25-30 DEG C.

3. The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy energy ladder utilization of wisdom agricultural system of claim 2, characterized in that, Further comprising:

4. The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy energy ladder utilization of wisdom agricultural system of claim 1, characterized in that, A gas circulation device is used for transporting the oxygen generated by the top crop planting area to the bottom mushroom planting area and transporting the carbon dioxide generated by the bottom mushroom planting area to the carbon dioxide storage tank or the top crop planting area. Further comprising:

5. The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy energy ladder utilization of wisdom agricultural system of claim 1, characterized in that, A voltage converter is connected between the first electric energy output end of the fuel cell power generation module and the electric energy input end of the load, and the voltage converter is used for voltage conversion of the direct-current voltage output by the fuel cell power generation module. The methanol production device is a photocatalytic reactor, at least one of a TiO2-based and a g-C3N4-based composite photocatalyst is arranged in the photocatalytic reactor, and the photocatalytic reactor operates under ultraviolet light or visible light irradiation and normal pressure.

6. The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy energy ladder utilization of wisdom agricultural system of claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising: 7.The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy gradation utilization intelligent agricultural system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A controller, the load comprises an environment sensor group, a light source array and an irrigation pump group; The controller is connected with the environment sensor group and the light source array, is used for receiving sensor data collected by the environment sensor group, generating a control instruction to the light source array and the carbon dioxide storage tank according to the sensor data, and adjusting at least one of the illumination parameters of the light source array, the carbon dioxide release rate of the carbon dioxide storage tank and the irrigation parameters of the irrigation pump group. ​ 8.The closed loop alcohol hydrogen energy gradation utilization intelligent agricultural system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The synthesis gas pretreatment device comprises: a purification unit for removing impurities in the synthesis gas; an adjusting unit connected with the purification unit, for adjusting the gas ratio of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen in the purified synthesis gas, the gas ratio being the ratio of the carbon monoxide gas to the hydrogen being 1:3-1:

2.

9. A smart agriculture implementation method, characterized in that, The intelligent agricultural system applied to the closed-loop alcohol hydrogen energy cascade utilization of any one of claims 1-8, the method comprising: converting methanol into direct current power by using a fuel cell power generation module; transmitting part of the direct current power to a load and storing another part of the direct current power to an energy storage battery pack; introducing reaction tail gas generated by the fuel cell power generation module into a recovery module to cool and purify carbon dioxide in the reaction tail gas; controlling circulating medium in the recovery module to flow through the energy storage module to convert waste heat recovered by the recovery module into thermal energy and store the thermal energy in the energy storage module; controlling the energy storage module to release stored thermal energy according to heat load demand of an upper crop planting area; collecting carbon dioxide gas cooled and purified by the recovery module in a carbon dioxide storage tank and supplying the carbon dioxide to the upper crop planting area according to carbon dioxide demand of the upper crop planting area; introducing oxygen generated by the upper crop planting area into a lower mushroom planting area and transporting agricultural waste generated by the upper crop planting area to the lower mushroom planting area; after mushroom harvesting, transporting mushroom cultivation residues generated by the lower mushroom planting area to the methanol production device to generate synthesis gas; introducing the synthesis gas into a synthesis gas pretreatment device and returning the treated synthesis gas as fuel to a fuel input end of the fuel cell power generation module. 10.The smart agriculture implementation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Further comprising: when the temperature of the circulating medium is higher than the phase transition temperature of the phase change material in the energy storage module, storing heat in the energy storage module; when the ambient temperature is lower than a first temperature threshold or the system power is lower than a set threshold, controlling the energy storage module to release heat and provide heating for the upper crop planting area through the circulating medium.

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