Carbon capture system

Abstract

The invention provides a carbon capture system. The carbon capture system comprises a gasification system; the dust removal washing system is positioned at the downstream of the gasification system and is communicated with the gasification system; the transformation system is positioned at the downstream of the dust removal washing system and is communicated with the dust removal washing system; the synthesis gas separation system is positioned at the downstream of the conversion system and is communicated with the conversion system; the power generation system is communicated with the gasification system; the power generation system is communicated with the synthesis gas separation system; the synthesis gas separation system comprises a plurality of synthesis gas separation assemblies, the synthesis gas separation assemblies are arranged in parallel, each synthesis gas separation assembly comprises a first controller and an execution device in control connection with the first controller, and each execution device has a separation state and a cut-off state. According to the technical scheme, the problem that a carbon capture system in the related technology cannot be adjusted in time when facing the load change of carbon capture is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon capture technology, and more specifically, to a carbon capture system. Background Technology

[0002] Pre-combustion carbon dioxide capture technology is mainly used in IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) power plants based on gasifiers. It turns coal into gas under high pressure and oxygen, and then produces carbon dioxide and hydrogen after water-gas conversion. This results in high-pressure, high-concentration carbon dioxide gas, which is easier to capture and reduces the cost of carbon capture.

[0003] The commonly used method for pre-combustion carbon capture in related technologies is absorption, which uses an absorbent in an amine solution to absorb carbon dioxide and then regenerates the absorbent through heating. However, for large-scale pre-combustion carbon capture systems, the circulation volume of the absorbent is large, making it difficult for the carbon capture system to respond quickly to varying loads and flexible peak shaving. At the same time, the high ineffective energy consumption leads to high operating costs.

[0004] Thus, the carbon capture systems in these technologies cannot adjust in a timely manner to changes in carbon capture load. When the carbon capture load decreases, the systems cannot process the load promptly, resulting in significant energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a carbon capture system that solves the problem that carbon capture systems in related technologies cannot adjust in a timely manner when faced with changes in carbon capture load.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a carbon capture system, comprising: a gasification system for generating syngas and steam; a dust removal and scrubbing system located downstream of and connected to the gasification system, the dust removal and scrubbing system being used to remove dust and scrub the syngas; a conversion system located downstream of and connected to the dust removal and scrubbing system, the conversion system being used to convert the syngas into hydrogen and carbon dioxide; a syngas separation system located downstream of and connected to the conversion system, the syngas separation system being used to separate hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and a power generation system connected to the gasification system, the power generation system being able to use steam for power generation; and the power generation system being connected to the syngas separation system, the power generation system being able to use hydrogen for power generation; wherein, the syngas separation system includes multiple syngas separation components, the multiple syngas separation components being connected in parallel, each syngas separation component including a first controller and an actuator connected to the first controller, each actuator having a separation state and a cut-off state, and the first controller of each syngas separation component being able to independently control the actuator of the syngas separation component to switch between the separation state and the cut-off state.

[0007] Furthermore, the syngas separation assembly includes a membrane separator; and / or, at least one of the plurality of syngas separation assemblies includes a plurality of syngas separation devices arranged in series.

[0008] Furthermore, the carbon capture system also includes a carbon dioxide buffer tank, which is located downstream of the syngas separation system. Each syngas separation component includes a syngas separation main body, an inlet pipe connected to the syngas separation main body, a first outlet pipe connected to the syngas separation main body, and a second outlet pipe connected to the syngas separation main body. Each inlet pipe is connected to the conversion system, each first outlet pipe is connected to the carbon dioxide buffer tank, and each second outlet pipe is connected to the power generation system.

[0009] Furthermore, the power generation system includes a steam turbine and a gas turbine. Steam generated by the gasification system enters the steam turbine, and hydrogen generated by the syngas separation system enters the gas turbine.

[0010] Furthermore, the power generation system also includes a waste heat boiler, the gas turbine has an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler through a first pipeline, the waste heat boiler has a steam outlet, the steam outlet is connected to the steam turbine through a second pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the carbon capture system also includes a third pipeline connecting the dust removal and scrubbing system to the gas turbine, through which the dust removal and scrubbing system delivers syngas to the gas turbine.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon capture system also includes a fourth pipeline, a component detector, a reversing valve, and a second controller. The first end of the fourth pipeline is connected to the third pipeline, and the second end of the fourth pipeline is connected to the conversion system. The reversing valve is located between the third pipeline and the fourth pipeline. The component detector is located on the third pipeline and upstream of the reversing valve. The component detector is signal-connected to the second controller, and the second controller is control-connected to the reversing valve.

[0013] Furthermore, the gasification system includes a gasification unit and a waste heat boiler unit. The waste heat boiler unit is located downstream of the gasification unit and is connected to a dust removal and washing system. The gasification unit is connected to a power generation system to use the steam for power generation, and the waste heat boiler unit is connected to a power generation system to use the steam for power generation.

[0014] Furthermore, the gasification system also includes a steam drum that is connected to both the gasification unit and the waste heat boiler unit. Steam enters the steam drum, which is connected to the power generation system.

[0015] Furthermore, the dust removal and washing system includes a dust removal device and a washing device connected to the dust removal device. The washing device is located downstream of the dust removal device and is connected to the conversion system.

[0016] According to the technical solution of this invention, the carbon capture system includes: a gasification system, a dust removal and scrubbing system, a conversion system, a syngas separation system, and a power generation system. The gasification system generates syngas and steam. The dust removal and scrubbing system is located downstream of and connected to the gasification system, and is used to remove dust and scrub the syngas. The conversion system is located downstream of and connected to the dust removal and scrubbing system, and is used to convert the syngas into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The syngas separation system is located downstream of and connected to the conversion system, and is used to separate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The power generation system is connected to the gasification system and can use the steam for power generation. The power generation system is also connected to the syngas separation system, and can use the hydrogen for power generation. The syngas separation system includes multiple syngas separation components connected in parallel. Each syngas separation component includes a first controller and an actuator connected to the first controller. Each actuator has a separation state and a cut-off state. The first controller of each syngas separation component can independently control the actuator of the syngas separation component to switch between the separation state and the cut-off state. In this way, the syngas produced by the gasification system can enter the dust removal and scrubbing system for dust removal and scrubbing, and then enter the conversion system to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen then enter the syngas separation system, where the separated carbon dioxide is captured. Furthermore, by setting up a power generation system, the steam generated by the gasification system can be used for power generation, reducing energy waste. Through the parallel arrangement of multiple syngas separation devices, adjustments can be made in a timely manner according to the carbon capture load, allowing one, some, or all of the multiple syngas separation devices to switch to separation mode. This ensures that the energy consumption of the syngas separation system matches the carbon capture load, reducing ineffective energy waste and lowering operating costs. Therefore, the technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem in related technologies where carbon capture systems cannot adjust in a timely manner when faced with changes in carbon capture load. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A connection diagram of an embodiment of the carbon capture system according to the present invention is shown.

[0019] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0020] 10. Carbon dioxide buffer tank;

[0021] 21. Syngas separator main body; 22. Inlet pipe; 23. First outlet pipe; 24. Second outlet pipe;

[0022] 31. Steam turbine; 32. Gas turbine; 33. Waste heat boiler;

[0023] 41. First pipeline; 42. Second pipeline; 43. Third pipeline; 44. Fourth pipeline; 45. Component analyzer;

[0024] 51. Gasification unit; 52. Waste boiler unit; 53. Steam drum;

[0025] 61. Dust removal device; 62. Washing device;

[0026] 70. Transformation system. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the carbon capture system includes: a gasification system, a dust removal and scrubbing system, a conversion system 70, a syngas separation system, and a power generation system. The gasification system generates syngas and steam. The dust removal and scrubbing system is located downstream of and connected to the gasification system, and is used to remove dust from the syngas. The conversion system 70 is located downstream of and connected to the dust removal and scrubbing system, and is used to convert the syngas into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The syngas separation system is located downstream of and connected to the conversion system 70, and is used to separate hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The power generation system is connected to the gasification system and can use the steam for power generation. The power generation system is also connected to the syngas separation system, and can use the hydrogen for power generation. The syngas separation system includes multiple syngas separation components connected in parallel. Each syngas separation component includes a first controller and an actuator connected to the first controller; each actuator has a separation state and a cut-off state. Each syngas separation unit's first controller can independently control the actuator of the syngas separation unit to switch between separation and cut-off states.

[0031] In this way, the syngas produced by the gasification system can enter the dust removal and scrubbing system for dust removal and scrubbing, and then enter the conversion system 70 to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen then enter the syngas separation system, where the separated carbon dioxide is captured. Furthermore, the steam generated by the gasification system can be used for power generation, reducing energy waste. By connecting multiple syngas separation devices in parallel, adjustments can be made in a timely manner according to the carbon capture load, allowing one, some, or all of the multiple syngas separation devices to switch to separation mode. This ensures that the energy consumption of the syngas separation system matches the carbon capture load, reducing ineffective energy consumption and lowering operating costs. Therefore, the technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem in related technologies where carbon capture systems cannot adjust in a timely manner when faced with changes in carbon capture load.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the load of the gasifier system changes or deep peak shaving is required, the corresponding gas processing volume can be met by turning on or off one or more synthesis and separation devices, thereby achieving a rapid response of the carbon capture system and reducing ineffective energy consumption.

[0033] It should be noted that the syngas produced by the gasifier is a mixture of gases with hydrogen and carbon monoxide as the main components. The composition of syngas can vary depending on the raw materials and production processes, but in addition to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, it usually includes gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the syngas separation assembly includes a membrane separator. The membrane separator is easy to assemble and integrate, and facilitates switching between separation and shut-off states. At least one of the multiple syngas separation assemblies includes multiple syngas separation devices arranged in series. Thus, by incorporating multiple syngas separation devices in series within at least one syngas separation assembly, the syngas separation efficiency of the corresponding assembly can be improved. This modular design allows for independent start-up and shutdown of each syngas separation assembly, ensuring the matching of syngas flow rates under varying loads and facilitating maintenance of individual syngas separation assemblies without shutting down the system.

[0035] In this embodiment, the number of syngas separation devices included in each syngas separation assembly is different, so that when the carbon capture load changes, one or more syngas separation assemblies can be selected for syngas separation processing.

[0036] In this embodiment, the syngas separation device is a membrane separator.

[0037] In other embodiments, the syngas separation assembly includes a membrane separator. Alternatively, at least one of the plurality of syngas separation assemblies includes a plurality of syngas separation devices arranged in series.

[0038] In this embodiment, the membrane separator is preferably a Prism hollow fiber membrane separator, a Separex spiral wound membrane separator, an Upilex hydrogen membrane separator, a polybenzimidazole and its derivative membrane, or a metal-organic framework material membrane.

[0039] Among them, Prism hollow fiber membrane separators are widely used to recover hydrogen from synthetic ammonia off-gas or methanol off-gas, and also for recovering and enriching hydrogen from refinery gas.

[0040] Among them, the Separex spiral wound membrane separator is used to separate and enrich hydrogen from refinery gas. The Upilex hydrogen membrane separator is used to recover hydrogen from refinery gas. Polybenzimidazole and its derivative membranes, due to strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding and segment rigidity, can effectively separate hydrogen from various mixed gases, exhibiting excellent thermal and mechanical stability.

[0041] Among them, metal-organic framework membranes, through a novel preparation strategy combining simple in-situ growth with confined interface polymerization, have achieved high-precision separation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide with extremely small size differences.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the carbon capture system also includes a carbon dioxide buffer tank 10, located downstream of the syngas separation system. Each syngas separation component includes a syngas separation body 21, an inlet pipe 22 connected to the syngas separation body 21, a first outlet pipe 23 connected to the syngas separation body 21, and a second outlet pipe 24 connected to the syngas separation body 21. Each inlet pipe 22 is connected to the conversion system 70, each first outlet pipe 23 is connected to the carbon dioxide buffer tank 10, and each second outlet pipe 24 is connected to the power generation system. Thus, through the arrangement of the inlet pipe 22, the first outlet pipe 23, and the second outlet pipe 24, hydrogen and carbon dioxide output from the conversion system 70 can enter the syngas separation body 21 through the inlet pipe 22. After passing through the syngas separation body 21, the hydrogen and carbon dioxide are separated. Carbon dioxide can be transported from the first outlet pipe 23 to the carbon dioxide buffer tank 10, and hydrogen can be transported from the second outlet pipe 24 to the power generation system.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the power generation system includes a steam turbine 31 and a gas turbine 32. Steam generated by the gasification system enters the steam turbine 31, and hydrogen generated by the syngas separation system enters the gas turbine 32. The arrangement of the steam turbine 31 and the gas turbine 32 enables the utilization of steam and syngas, reducing energy waste.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the power generation system also includes a waste heat boiler 33. The gas turbine 32 has a tail gas outlet, which is connected to the waste heat boiler 33 via a first pipeline 41. The waste heat boiler 33 has a steam outlet, which is connected to the steam turbine 31 via a second pipeline 42. The waste heat boiler 33 can recover the heat from the tail gas discharged from the tail gas outlet of the gas turbine 32, further reducing energy waste. Furthermore, the steam generated after the waste heat boiler 33 recovers heat can be transported to the steam turbine 31 for energy reuse.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture system also includes a third pipeline 43 connecting the dust removal and scrubbing system to the gas turbine 32. The dust removal and scrubbing system delivers syngas to the gas turbine 32 through the third pipeline 43. In this way, the syngas that has undergone dust removal and scrubbing can be delivered to the gas turbine 32 through the third pipeline 43, allowing the carbon capture system to select whether to deliver the syngas to the gas turbine 32 or the syngas separation system according to the actual situation, thus improving the flexibility of the carbon capture system.

[0046] In this embodiment, when the capture system malfunctions or the carbon market fluctuates, the flow rate of syngas entering the gas turbine 32 can be adjusted by opening or closing the third pipeline 43 or by adjusting the flow rate of the gas in the third pipeline 43, thereby meeting process requirements and improving safety and economy.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the carbon capture system also includes a fourth pipeline 44, a component detector 45, a reversing valve, and a second controller. The first end of the fourth pipeline 44 is connected to the third pipeline 43, and the second end is connected to the conversion system 70. The reversing valve is located between the third pipeline 43 and the fourth pipeline 44. The component detector 45 is located on the third pipeline 43 and upstream of the reversing valve. The component detector 45 is signal-connected to the second controller, which is control-connected to the reversing valve. Thus, the syngas after dust removal and washing first passes through the component detector 45, which detects the components of the syngas and sends the detection result signal to the second controller. The second controller controls the reversing valve based on the detection result, causing the reversing valve to deliver the syngas to either the third pipeline 43 or the fourth pipeline 44. The above configuration is simple in structure and easy to control.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the gasification system includes a gasification unit 51 and a waste heat boiler unit 52. The waste heat boiler unit 52 is located downstream of the gasification unit 51 and is connected to a dust removal and scrubbing system. The gasification unit 51 is connected to a power generation system to use the steam for power generation, and the waste heat boiler unit 52 is also connected to the power generation system to use the steam for power generation. The waste heat boiler unit 52 can cool the syngas and recover the heat to generate steam, which is then transported to the power generation system for power generation, enabling energy reuse.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the gasification system also includes a steam drum 53 that is connected to both the gasification device 51 and the waste heat boiler device 52. Steam enters the steam drum 53, which is connected to the power generation system. The steam drum 53 is designed to contain steam and remove excess moisture from it, facilitating its use in the subsequent power generation system.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the dust removal and scrubbing system includes a dust removal device 61 and a scrubbing device 62 connected to the dust removal device 61. The scrubbing device 62 is located downstream of the dust removal device 61 and is connected to the conversion system 70. The dust removal device 61 is configured to remove dust from the syngas, and the scrubbing device 62 facilitates the scrubbing of the syngas. Placing the scrubbing device 62 downstream of the dust removal device 61 improves the cleanliness of the syngas and reduces impurities within it.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0052] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0053] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon capture system, characterized in that, include: Gasification system used to produce syngas and steam; A dust removal and scrubbing system is located downstream of the gasification system and connected to the gasification system. The dust removal and scrubbing system is used to remove dust and scrub the syngas. A conversion system (70) is located downstream of the dust removal and washing system and is connected to the dust removal and washing system. The conversion system (70) is used to convert the synthesis gas into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. A syngas separation system is located downstream of and connected to the conversion system (70), and is used to separate the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide. A power generation system is connected to the gasification system, and the power generation system is capable of using the steam to generate electricity; and the power generation system is connected to the syngas separation system, and the power generation system is capable of using the hydrogen to generate electricity; The syngas separation system includes multiple syngas separation components connected in parallel. Each syngas separation component includes a first controller and an actuator connected to the first controller. Each actuator has a separation state and a cut-off state. The first controller of each syngas separation component can independently control the actuator of the syngas separation component to switch between the separation state and the cut-off state.

2. The carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The syngas separation assembly includes a membrane separator; and / or, At least one of the plurality of syngas separation components includes a plurality of syngas separation devices arranged in series.

3. The carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon capture system also includes a carbon dioxide buffer tank (10), which is located downstream of the syngas separation system. Each syngas separation component includes a syngas separation body (21), an inlet pipe (22) connected to the syngas separation body (21), a first outlet pipe (23) connected to the syngas separation body (21), and a second outlet pipe (24) connected to the syngas separation body (21). Each inlet pipe (22) is connected to the conversion system (70), each first outlet pipe (23) is connected to the carbon dioxide buffer tank (10), and each second outlet pipe (24) is connected to the power generation system.

4. The carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation system includes a steam turbine (31) and a gas turbine (32). The steam generated by the gasification system enters the steam turbine (31), and the hydrogen generated by the syngas separation system enters the gas turbine (32).

5. The carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power generation system also includes a waste heat boiler (33), the gas turbine (32) has an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas outlet is connected to the waste heat boiler (33) through a first pipeline (41), the waste heat boiler (33) has a steam outlet, the steam outlet is connected to the steam turbine (31) through a second pipeline (42).

6. The carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The carbon capture system also includes a third pipeline (43) connecting the dust removal and scrubbing system to the gas turbine (32), through which the dust removal and scrubbing system delivers the syngas to the gas turbine (32).

7. The carbon capture system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The carbon capture system also includes a fourth pipeline (44), a component detector (45), a reversing valve, and a second controller. The first end of the fourth pipeline (44) is connected to the third pipeline (43), and the second end of the fourth pipeline (44) is connected to the conversion system (70). The reversing valve is located between the third pipeline (43) and the fourth pipeline (44). The component detector (45) is located on the third pipeline (43) and upstream of the reversing valve. The component detector (45) is signal-connected to the second controller, and the second controller is control-connected to the reversing valve.

8. The carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasification system includes a gasification device (51) and a waste heat boiler device (52). The waste heat boiler device (52) is located downstream of the gasification device (51) and is connected to the dust removal and washing system. The gasification device (51) is connected to the power generation system to use the steam for power generation. The waste heat boiler device (52) is connected to the power generation system to use the steam for power generation.

9. The carbon capture system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gasification system also includes a steam drum (53) that is connected to both the gasification device (51) and the waste heat boiler device (52). The steam enters the steam drum (53), and the steam drum (53) is connected to the power generation system.

10. The carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust removal and washing system includes a dust removal device (61) and a washing device (62) connected to the dust removal device (61). The washing device (62) is located downstream of the dust removal device (61) and is connected to the conversion system (70).

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