Charging protection system based on TypeC data line

Abstract

The invention provides a charging protection system based on a TypeC data line, and relates to the technical field of charging protection. The charging protection system based on the TypeC data line comprises a multi-sensor fusion monitoring module for monitoring data; the dynamic power distribution module is used for operating a fuzzy logic algorithm through a microcontroller and generating a control instruction in combination with the monitoring data and equipment requirements; the semiconductor switch module adopts an MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) or a TVS (Transient Voltage The bidirectional communication module interacts with charging equipment through a CC pin and supports PD and QC protocols; and the aging prediction module is used for analyzing historical impedance data to predict a wire aging inflection point based on the LSTM neural network model. The state of the wire rod is monitored in real time through multiple sensors, and the charging safety and efficiency are remarkably improved in combination with dynamic power distribution and a self-repairing mechanism. The system is compatible with a mainstream fast charging protocol, can predict the aging of the wire rod and remind a user to replace the wire rod through an APP, and solves the problems of single protection mechanism and lack of wire rod health monitoring in the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of charging protection, in particular to a charging protection system based on a TypeC data line. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the acceleration of people's life rhythm, higher requirements are put forward for the charging speed of electric devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers, which requires higher power in unit time. Therefore, more and more mobile phone manufacturers begin to equip chargers complying with the USB PD protocol to charge the mobile phones produced by them, so as to achieve the effect of fast charging and improve the use demand of users. In order to make the use of electric devices and charging devices more standardized in the process of high-power charging, relevant organizations require that in the process of charging using high-power chargers, communication should be carried out in compliance with the USB PD protocol. As an ideal interface type for fast charging, the Type c interface can support an output power of up to 100W after realizing the USB PD protocol, which is the mainstream interface type for future fast charging.

[0003] The existing TypeC charging protection system mainly relies on fixed threshold overvoltage and overcurrent protection, and lacks real-time monitoring of the state of the wire itself. For example, the patent CN115799931A switches the charging mode through touch control, but does not involve monitoring the health of the wire. In addition, intelligent power distribution is mainly based on device demand, without considering the current carrying capacity of the wire, such as the dynamic power distribution patent of Pinluo Innovation, which only considers the device power and the temperature of the heating disc. At the same time, the processing of CC-VBUS weak short circuit and other abnormalities is passive. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems solved In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a charging protection system based on a TypeC data line, which can monitor the state of the wire in real time and dynamically adjust the charging strategy, thereby solving the problems raised in the background art.

[0005] (II) Technical solutions To achieve the above purpose, the present application is implemented by the following technical solutions: a charging protection system based on a TypeC data line, comprising: a multi-sensor fusion monitoring module distributed at both ends and intermediate positions of the data line to monitor data, specifically including a temperature sensor, an impedance detection module and a strain gauge, for real-time acquisition of wire temperature, impedance change and interface mechanical stress data; a dynamic power distribution module running a fuzzy logic algorithm through a microcontroller (such as STM32G4), combining the monitoring data and device demand (such as battery power and charging protocol) to generate control instructions and dynamically adjust the output power; The semiconductor switch module uses MOSFET (such as TCPP01-M12) or TVS (transient voltage suppressor) to achieve μs-level current cut-off, and is compatible with the VBUS protection mechanism of PD 3.1 protocol; The bidirectional communication module interacts with the charging device through the CC pin, supports PD and QC protocols, transmits cable state information, and optimizes voltage negotiation. The aging prediction module is based on an LSTM neural network model, analyzes historical impedance data to predict the cable aging inflection point, and displays the remaining life through an APP or an LED.

[0006] Preferably, the multi-sensor fusion monitoring module calculates the cable impedance by the pulse excitation method, with a sampling frequency of 100 ms / time, and eliminates environmental noise interference through a differential amplification circuit.

[0007] Preferably, the fuzzy logic algorithm of the dynamic power distribution module includes the following rules: (1) If the cable temperature exceeds 60-65℃ and the impedance increases by 20%-25%, reduce the power by 20%-25%; (2) If the impedance suddenly increases by 30%-40% due to loose interface, trigger the semiconductor switch to cut off the power supply, and remind the user to check whether the interface is loose through the APP; (3) Dynamically distribute power in combination with device requirements (such as voltage / current requested by fast charging protocol) to improve cable utilization.

[0008] Preferably, the semiconductor switch module adopts a double discharge path design, automatically restores power supply after abnormality is resolved, and realizes smooth voltage transition through a constant voltage control loop.

[0009] Preferably, the bidirectional communication module integrates a hardware BMC codec engine, supports the extended power range (EPR) of PD 3.1 protocol, and transmits high-voltage negotiation instructions of 28V, 36V, and 48V.

[0010] Preferably, the LSTM model of the aging prediction module is trained through the following steps: (1) Collect impedance data of the cable throughout its life cycle as a training set; (2) Set the time window to 400 charging cycles to predict the aging trend of the next 40 cycles; the standard for a charging cycle is from 0% to 100% charge; (3) Optimize the model parameters using the root mean square error (RMSE).

[0011] Preferably, the remaining life display accuracy of the aging prediction module is ±5 charging cycles, and a red warning is pushed through the APP when the remaining life is less than 20 times.

[0012] Preferably, the charging protection system is compatible with the Type-C interface's positive / reverse insertion identification function, and adjusts the protection threshold through a dynamic overvoltage / undervoltage protection mechanism, with a protection response speed ≤1μs and a dynamic power adjustment response time of 100ms-500ms (matching the sampling frequency).

[0013] (III) Beneficial Effects This invention provides a charging protection system based on a Type-C data cable, which has the following advantages: 1. By monitoring the cable status in real time through multiple sensors, combined with dynamic power distribution and self-repair mechanisms, the system significantly improves charging safety and efficiency. It is compatible with mainstream fast charging protocols, can predict cable aging, and reminds users to replace the cable via an app, solving the problems of single protection mechanisms and lack of cable health monitoring in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the charging protection system framework according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging protection system framework according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a charging protection system based on a Type-C data cable, comprising: The multi-sensor fusion monitoring module is distributed at both ends and the middle of the data line to monitor data. Specifically, it includes a temperature sensor, an impedance detection module and a strain gauge, which are used to collect data on wire temperature, impedance change and interface mechanical stress in real time. Secondly, the multi-sensor fusion monitoring module calculates the wire impedance by pulse excitation method, with a sampling frequency of 100ms / time, and eliminates environmental noise interference by differential amplifier circuit. The dynamic power allocation module uses a microcontroller (such as an STM32G4) to run a fuzzy logic algorithm. This algorithm combines the monitored data with device requirements (such as battery level and charging protocol) to generate control commands and dynamically adjust the output power. The fuzzy logic algorithm of the dynamic power allocation module includes the following rules: (1) If the wire temperature exceeds 60-65℃ and the impedance increases by 20%-25%, the power will decrease by 20%-25%; (2) If the interface is loose, causing a sudden increase in impedance of 30%-40%, the semiconductor switch will be triggered to cut off the power supply, and the user will be reminded to check whether the interface is loose via the APP; (3) Dynamically allocate power according to equipment requirements (such as voltage / current requested by fast charging protocol) to increase cable utilization by 30%; The semiconductor switching module uses MOSFETs (such as TCPP01-M12) or TVS (transient voltage suppressor diodes) to achieve μs-level current cutoff and is compatible with the VBUS protection mechanism of the PD 3.1 protocol. Secondly, the semiconductor switching module adopts a dual-discharge path design, which automatically restores power supply after the abnormality is cleared, and achieves smooth voltage transition through a constant voltage control loop. The bidirectional communication module interacts with the charging device through the CC pin, supports PD and QC protocols, transmits cable status information, and optimizes voltage negotiation. Secondly, the bidirectional communication module integrates a hardware BMC codec engine, supports the extended power range (EPR) of the PD 3.1 protocol, and transmits high-voltage negotiation commands for 28V, 36V, and 48V. The aging prediction module, based on an LSTM neural network model, analyzes historical impedance data to predict the aging inflection point of the wire and displays the remaining lifespan via an app or LED. The LSTM model for the aging prediction module is trained through the following steps: (1) Collect impedance data of the entire life cycle of the wire as a training set; (2) Set the time window to 400 charging cycles and predict the aging trend of the next 40 cycles; where the standard for a charging cycle is: charging from 0% to 100% is 1 cycle; secondly, the time window is determined by comparing the model prediction error of different window sizes (300 / 400 / 500 times), and the RMSE is the smallest at 400 times. (3) The root mean square error (RMSE) is used to optimize the model parameters.

[0017] Preferably, the remaining lifespan display accuracy of the aging prediction module is ±5 charging cycles, and a red warning is pushed through the APP when the remaining lifespan is less than 20 cycles.

[0018] In summary, the charging protection system is compatible with the Type-C interface for positive / negative insertion identification and adjusts the protection threshold through a dynamic overvoltage / undervoltage protection mechanism. The protection response speed is ≤1μs, and the dynamic power adjustment response time is 100ms-500ms (matching the sampling frequency).

[0019] Example 2: like Figure 2As shown, this charging protection system achieves full lifecycle protection for Type-C data cables through multi-dimensional real-time monitoring, dynamic strategy adjustment, and intelligent prediction algorithms. The following explanation will focus on hardware selection, software logic, and scenario-based applications.

[0020] I. Hardware and Parameter Design of Real-Time Monitoring Module 1. Temperature monitoring An NTC thermistor (model NCP18XH103F03RB) is used as the temperature sensor, with an accuracy of ±0.5℃ and a temperature range of -40℃ to 125℃. It is installed in the middle section of the cable (inside the PVC insulation layer) and inside the metal casing of the Type-C connectors at both ends (1cm from the interface). Data is acquired every 100ms via a 12-bit ADC (integrated into an STM32G474RET6 microcontroller). After digital filtering (moving average window size of 5), transient interference values ​​are removed to ensure data stability. An early warning mechanism is triggered when the temperature at any monitoring point exceeds the ambient temperature by 20℃ (static judgment) or the temperature rises by more than 10℃ within 10 seconds (dynamic judgment).

[0021] 2. Impedance detection The impedance module employs a pulse excitation method: a constant current pulse of 10mA and 1kHz is output from the STM32's DAC. This pulse is used to acquire the voltage across the cable via a high-precision sampling resistor (0.1Ω, 0.1% accuracy). The ADC synchronously records the voltage waveform at a 1MHz sampling rate, and the resistance value R=U / I is calculated. To eliminate contact resistance interference, the interface is activated with three pre-pulses (5mA, 500μs) before each measurement. The average of the subsequent five valid measurements is taken as the current impedance. Under normal conditions, the impedance of a new cable is approximately 0.5Ω±0.1Ω. If a single measurement suddenly increases by ≥30% compared to the average of the last 10 measurements (excluding the moment of insertion / removal), it is determined to be an internal break or poor contact in the cable.

[0022] 3. Interface stress monitoring An S-type strain gauge (model BF120-3AA) with a sensitivity of 2.0mV / V is attached to the inside of the metal casing of the Type-C male connector. The mechanical stress is converted into a voltage signal via a Wheatstone bridge, amplified by an instrumentation amplifier (AD620), and then input to the ADC. When the insertion / extraction force is ≥50N (corresponding to a strain gauge output voltage ≥10mV), it is considered a forced insertion / extraction. If there is a sustained stress of ≥10N at the interface (such as when the wire is being pulled), the output power is reduced to 50% in real time to reduce the interface load.

[0023] II. Hierarchical Strategy for Dynamic Power Adjustment Based on monitoring data, the system implements three levels of adjustment using fuzzy logic algorithms: (1) Level 1 adjustment (early warning): When the temperature is 50℃~60℃ or the impedance increases by 10%~20%, the control module negotiates a 10% reduction in output power through the PD protocol, and displays "light load on the cable" in the APP. For example, the phone originally requested 65W (20V / 3.25A), and it was adjusted to 58.5W (20V / 2.925A).

[0024] (2) Secondary adjustment (protection): When the temperature is 60℃~70℃ or the impedance increases by 20%~30%, the power is reduced by 20% and the maximum current is limited to 2.5A. If charging a laptop (originally 140W, 28V / 5A), it is adjusted to 112W (28V / 4A), and the device is notified to reduce power consumption through the CC pin.

[0025] (3) Three-level adjustment (cut-off): When the temperature is ≥70℃, the impedance increase is ≥30%, or the stress is ≥50N, the STM32 immediately drives the semiconductor switch (TCPP01-M12) to cut off the VBUS power supply, with a response time ≤1μs. After the cut-off, the self-repair process is started: first, the power is cut off for 50ms, and then a low voltage and small current test is performed with 5V / 0.5A. If the impedance returns to normal after 3 consecutive measurements, the power is gradually increased (increased by 10% each time, with an interval of 1s); if the test fails, the power is kept off and a "Cable abnormality, please check" message is pushed through the APP.

[0026] III. Aging Prediction and User Interaction Implementation 1. Machine learning model training An aging prediction model was constructed using an LSTM neural network. Input features included: the daily average impedance over the past 30 days, the standard deviation of temperature fluctuation, and the number of insertions / removals per day (counted by strain gauges). The output was the remaining lifespan (in days). Training data came from the full lifecycle records of 500 cables (from new cables to those with impedance ≥1.5Ω). After data augmentation (adding temperature noise and simulating different usage frequencies), the model achieved a mean squared error (MSE) ≤0.02 on the validation set, with a prediction accuracy of 92%.

[0027] 2. User interaction details The app displays the cable status in real time: health score (0-100 points, calculated based on impedance and temperature stability), today's usage time, and the last 3 abnormal records. When the predicted remaining lifespan is ≤30 days, a "Cable Aging Warning" is pushed; when it is ≤7 days, a pop-up window suggests "Replacing the cable is recommended." Manual calibration is also supported: users can trigger a "Comprehensive Detection" (a 10-second multi-parameter measurement) through the app to update the health score.

[0028] IV. Protocol Compatibility and Communication Optimization 1. Deep integration with PD 3.1 protocol During the Discover Identity phase of the PD protocol, the system transmits an 8-byte status frame to the device via Vendor Defined Message (VDM): bytes 0-1 represent the temperature (°C, in two's complement), bytes 2-3 represent the impedance (mΩ), bytes 4-5 represent the health level (0-100), and bytes 6-7 represent the checksum. Upon receiving this frame, the PD controller (e.g., PI3USB30532) on the device (such as a mobile phone or laptop) prioritizes selecting the voltage level that the cable can handle during voltage negotiation (e.g., limiting the maximum voltage of aging cables to 20V to avoid overheating risks under 28V high voltage).

[0029] 2. Multi-protocol adaptation Compatible with QC 5 (28V / 5A), PPS (3.3V~21V / 5A) and other protocols: For the QC protocol, the voltage signal of the D+ and D- lines is dynamically adjusted, and the maximum voltage is limited to 18V when the wire condition is poor; for the PPS protocol, the voltage adjustment step size is extended from 20mV to 50mV to reduce wire loss caused by frequent voltage adjustment.

[0030] V. Examples of Scenario-Based Applications Fast charging scenario: A user uses the system's cable to charge a PD 3.1-enabled phone, initially negotiating 65W (20V / 3.25A). After 30 minutes, the cable's mid-section temperature rises to 62℃, and the impedance increases from 0.5Ω to 0.6Ω (a 20% increase). The system triggers a secondary adjustment: power drops to 52W (20V / 2.6A), and the temperature gradually falls back to 55℃. At this point, the user suddenly pulls the cable; strain gauges detect 15N stress, and the system temporarily drops to 30W (15V / 2A). After the stress is relieved, it recovers to 52W within 10 seconds.

[0031] Aging warning scenario: A cable has been used for 6 months, and its historical average impedance has increased from 0.5Ω to 0.8Ω. The LSTM model predicts a remaining lifespan of 35 days. The app pushes a notification saying, "The cable is aging and we recommend replacing it within 30 days," and displays an impedance trend curve (60% increase in the last 30 days). The user ignores the warning and continues to use the cable. After 10 days, the impedance suddenly increases to 1.2Ω (50% increase). The system cuts off the power supply and forces a pop-up message: "The cable is unusable and must be replaced."

[0032] This embodiment ensures a balance between security, compatibility, and user experience by refining hardware parameters, quantifying algorithm logic, and conducting scenario-based verification. It can be directly applied to Type-C charging scenarios in consumer electronics, smart homes, and other fields.

[0033] In summary, this invention fills the gap in real-time cable health monitoring and proactive optimization of existing Type-C charging protection systems through multi-dimensional monitoring, dynamic strategy adjustment, and intelligent interaction, demonstrating significant technological advancements and application value.

[0034] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A charging protection system based on Type-C data line, characterized in that: Comprise: A multi-sensor fusion monitoring module distributed at both ends and intermediate positions of the data line to monitor data, specifically including temperature sensors, impedance detection modules, and strain gauges for real-time collection of wire temperature, impedance changes, and interface mechanical stress data; A dynamic power distribution module that runs a fuzzy logic algorithm through a microcontroller, generates control instructions based on the monitoring data and device requirements, and dynamically adjusts output power; A semiconductor switch module that uses MOSFET or TVS to achieve μs-level current cutoff and is compatible with the VBUS protection mechanism of PD 3.1 protocol; A bidirectional communication module that interacts with charging devices through the CC pin, supports PD and QC protocols, transmits wire state information, and optimizes voltage negotiation; An aging prediction module based on an LSTM neural network model that analyzes historical impedance data to predict wire aging inflection points and displays remaining life through an APP or LED.

2. The charging protection system based on Type-C data line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-sensor fusion monitoring module calculates wire impedance through the pulse excitation method, with a sampling frequency of 100 ms / second, and eliminates environmental noise interference through a differential amplification circuit. 3.The Type-C data line based charging protection system of claim 1, wherein: The fuzzy logic algorithm of the dynamic power distribution module includes the following rules: (1) If the wire temperature exceeds 60-65℃ and the impedance increases by 20%-25%, reduce the power by 20%-25%; (2) If the interface is loose, causing a sudden increase in impedance by 30%-40%, trigger the semiconductor switch to cut off the power supply, and remind the user to check if the interface is loose through the APP; (3) Dynamically distribute power based on device requirements to improve wire utilization.

4. The charging protection system based on Type-C data line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semiconductor switch module uses a dual-discharge path design to automatically restore power supply after abnormality is resolved and achieves smooth voltage transition through a constant voltage control loop.

5. The charging protection system based on Type-C data line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional communication module integrates a hardware BMC codec engine, supports the extended power range of PD 3.1 protocol, and transmits high-voltage negotiation instructions of 28V, 36V, and 48V.

6. The charging protection system based on Type-C data line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LSTM model of the aging prediction module is trained through the following steps: (1) Collect impedance data throughout the wire's life cycle as the training set; (2) Set the time window to 400 charging cycles to predict the aging trend for the next 40 cycles; the standard for a charging cycle is from 0% to 100% charge; (3) Optimize model parameters using the root mean square error.

7. The charging protection system based on Type-C data line according to claim 6, characterized in that: The remaining life display accuracy of the aging prediction module is ±5 charging cycles, and a red warning is pushed through the APP when the remaining life is less than 20 times.

8. The Type-C data line based charging protection system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The charging protection system is compatible with the positive insertion / reverse insertion recognition function of the Type-C interface and adjusts the protection threshold through a dynamic over / under voltage protection mechanism.

Images