Charging device, equipment and charging pile
Through modular design and switch module control, the charging device achieves a wide voltage adaptation range, solving the problems of fixed output voltage and dependence on the power grid in existing charging solutions, and improving the flexibility and reliability of the charging device.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
Smart Images
Figure CN121650487A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging technology, and in particular to a charging device, equipment, and charging pile. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, charging has gradually become a major problem for electric vehicle owners. Because charging stations on the market use different charging standards, electric vehicles can only be charged using charging stations whose voltage is compatible with the vehicle's battery pack, causing significant inconvenience for daily charging.
[0003] Currently, mainstream electric vehicle DC charging piles generally adopt a two-stage main circuit architecture of "AC input → AC-DC rectification and filtering → DC-DC power conversion". This traditional architecture has some inherent defects, including fixed output voltage range, strong grid dependence, downtime due to fault maintenance, rigid thermal management strategy, and lack of off-grid operation and self-recovery capability. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a charging device, equipment, and charging pile, which aims to solve the problems of fixed output voltage range and limited output power due to reliance on a strong power grid in existing charging solutions.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the charging device proposed in this invention includes: a power input module, the input terminal of which is coupled to an external power source; a first switching module, the first terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the power input module; a first power conversion module, the input terminal of which is coupled to the second terminal of the first switching module; a second switching module, the first terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the first power conversion module, and the second terminal of which is coupled to the positive terminal of a load; a first power supply module, the first input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module, and the second input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the second switching module; and a second power conversion module, the input terminal of which is coupled to the first output terminal of the first power supply module. The first output terminal of the power conversion module is coupled to the positive terminal of the load; the third switching module has its first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the first power supply module, its second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the second power module, and its third terminal coupled to the negative terminal of the load; the second power supply module has its first input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module, its second input terminal coupled to the fourth terminal of the third switching module, and its output terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module; and a control module is coupled to the control terminals of the first, second, and third switching modules; wherein the control module is configured to control the on / off state of the first, second, and third switching modules according to different charging modes.
[0006] In one embodiment, the power input module includes: a rectifier unit, the input terminal of which is coupled to an external power supply; a first unidirectional conduction unit, the input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the rectifier unit, and the output terminal of which is coupled to a first terminal of a first switching module; and a second unidirectional conduction unit, the input terminal of which is coupled to an external power supply, and the output terminal of which is coupled to a first terminal of the first switching module; wherein the input terminal of the rectifier unit is coupled to AC power; and the input terminal of the second unidirectional conduction unit is coupled to DC power.
[0007] In one embodiment, the first power supply module includes: a first charger, the input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of a first switching module; and a first battery pack, the first input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the first charger, the second input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of a second switching module, the first output terminal of which is coupled to the input terminal of a second power conversion module, and the second output terminal of which is coupled to the first terminal of a third switching module.
[0008] In one embodiment, the second power supply module includes: a first energy storage unit, the first input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module, and the output terminal of which is coupled to the fourth terminal of the third switching module; and a second energy storage unit, the first input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module, the second input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the first energy storage unit, and the output terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module.
[0009] In one embodiment, the first energy storage unit includes: a second charger, the input terminal of which is coupled to a third terminal of a first switching module; a second battery pack, the first input terminal of which is coupled to an output terminal of the second charger; a third charger, the input terminal of which is coupled to a third terminal of the first switching module; a third battery pack, the first input terminal of which is coupled to an output terminal of the third charger, the second input terminal of which is coupled to a first output terminal of the second battery pack, and the output terminal of the third battery pack is coupled to the second energy storage unit; a first switching unit, the first terminal of which is coupled to a second output terminal of the second battery pack, the second terminal of which is coupled to a fourth terminal of the third switching module, and the third terminal of which is coupled to an output terminal of the second battery pack; and a control terminal of the first switching unit coupled to a control module.
[0010] In one embodiment, the second energy storage unit includes: a fourth charger, the input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module; a fourth battery pack, the first input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the fourth charger, and the second input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the first energy storage unit; a fifth charger, the input terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module; a fifth battery pack, the first input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the fifth charger, the second input terminal of which is coupled to the output terminal of the fourth battery pack, and the output terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module; a second switching unit, the first terminal of which is coupled to the second input terminal of the fourth battery pack, the second terminal of which is coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module, and the third terminal of which is coupled to the second input terminal of the fifth battery pack; and a control terminal of the second switching unit coupled to a control module.
[0011] In one embodiment, the second power supply module further includes: a third switching unit, the first end of the third switching unit being coupled to the second end of the second switching unit, the second end of the third switching unit being coupled to the third end of the third switching module, the third end of the third switching unit being coupled to the output end of the second energy storage unit; and the control end of the third switching unit being coupled to the control module.
[0012] In one embodiment, the third switching module includes: a fourth switching unit, the first end of which is coupled to the second input terminal of the second power supply module, and the third end of which is coupled to the output terminal of the second power supply module; and a fifth switching unit, the first end of which is coupled to the second output terminal of the second power conversion module, the second end of which is coupled to the second terminal of the fourth switching unit, and the third end of which is coupled to the second terminal of the fourth switching unit; wherein the control terminals of the fourth and fifth switching units are coupled to a control module.
[0013] The present invention also proposes a charging device, which includes a charging apparatus, wherein the charging apparatus is the charging apparatus described in any of the embodiments described above.
[0014] The present invention also proposes a charging pile, which includes a charging device, the charging device being a charging apparatus as described in any of the above embodiments.
[0015] The charging device provided in this application controls the on / off state of the first, second, and third switching modules according to different charging needs, so as to switch the corresponding coupling relationship between the first and second power conversion modules and the first and second power supply modules, thereby changing the power supply output mode in the charging device. The output voltage has a wide range of adaptability and can meet the charging needs under different charging scenarios. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the charging device provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the power input module provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the first power supply module provided in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the second power supply module provided in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the first energy storage unit provided in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the second energy storage unit provided in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the second power supply module provided in this application; Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the second power supply module provided in this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the charging device provided in this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the charging device provided in this application; Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the charging pile provided in this application.
[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Charging device; 1. Power input module; 11. Rectifier unit; 12. First unidirectional conduction unit; 13. Second unidirectional conduction unit; 2. First power supply module; 21. First charger; 22. First battery pack; 3. Second power supply module; 31. First energy storage unit; 311. Second charger; 312. Second battery pack; 313. Third charger; 314. Third battery pack; 315. First switching unit; 32. Second energy storage unit; 321. Fourth charger; 322. Fourth battery pack; 323. Fifth charger; 324. Fifth battery pack; 325. Second switching unit; 33. Third switching unit; 4. First switching module; 5. First power conversion module; 6. Second switching module; 7. Second power conversion module; 8. Third switching module; 81. Fourth switching unit; 82. Fifth switching unit; 9. Control module.
[0019] 200. Charging equipment.
[0020] 300. Charging pile.
[0021] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0024] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.
[0025] This invention proposes a charging device 100, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the charging device provided in this application; in one embodiment of the present invention, the charging device 100 includes: a power input module 1, a first switch module 4, a first power conversion module 5, a second switch module 6, a first power supply module 2, a second power conversion module 7, a third switch module 8, a second power supply module 3, and a control module 9.
[0026] Specifically, the corresponding connection relationships are as follows: Power input module 1, the input terminal of power input module 1 is coupled to an external power source; First switch module 4, the first terminal of first switch module 4 is coupled to the output terminal of power input module 1; First power conversion module 5, the input terminal of first power conversion module 5 is coupled to the second terminal of first switch module 4; Second switch module 6, the first terminal of second switch module 6 is coupled to the output terminal of first power conversion module 5, and the second terminal of second switch module 6 is coupled to the positive terminal of the load; First power supply module 2, the first input terminal of first power supply module 2 is coupled to the third terminal of first switch module 4, and the second input terminal of first power supply module 2 is coupled to the third terminal of second switch module 6; Second power conversion module 7, the first input terminal of second power conversion module 7 is coupled to the first power supply module 2... The first output terminal of the second power conversion module 7 is coupled to the positive terminal of the load; the third switch module 8 has its first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the first power supply module 2, and its second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the second power module; the second power supply module 3 has its first input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4, its second input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switch module 8, and its output terminal coupled to the negative terminal of the load; the control module 9 is coupled to the control terminals of the first switch module 4, the second switch module 6, and the third switch module 8; wherein, the control module 9 is configured to control the on / off state of the first switch module 4, the second switch module 6, and the third switch module 8 according to different charging modes.
[0027] In one embodiment, the first power conversion module 5 and the second power conversion module 7 may be selected as high-efficiency, high-power-density bidirectional DC-DC converters so that while charging (discharging) the electric vehicle, they can also efficiently charge their own battery packs from the grid or emergency power supply.
[0028] In another embodiment, the control module 9 may be a high-performance processor based on the ARM Cortex-A series or TI DSP series, and run a real-time operating system (RTOS) to ensure the accurate execution of the control algorithm.
[0029] In one embodiment, the first, second, and third switch modules may be selected as contactors or solid-state switches composed of IGBTs / MOSFETs, with appropriate specifications chosen based on the current and voltage levels passing through. The control module 9 communicates with the electric vehicle BMS and the higher-level operation management system via a CAN bus or Ethernet.
[0030] Understandably, in one embodiment, this scheme is applied to power the charging of an electric vehicle; wherein, the control module 9 receives the charging demand (i.e., the target voltage and target current) issued by the BMS inside the electric vehicle, and the control module 9 changes the conduction relationship of the first switch module 4, the second switch module 6 and the third switch module 8 according to the target voltage, target current and target power to meet different charging demands.
[0031] In a charging mode, when the first and second terminals of the first switch module 4 are turned on by the control module 9, the power supply module is in a high-voltage series charging state. In this mode, overall high-voltage charging of all power supply modules can be achieved.
[0032] In another charging mode, when the first and third terminals of the first switch module 4 are turned on by the control module 9, the power supply module is in a low-voltage parallel charging state. In this mode, high-efficiency independent low-voltage charging can be achieved for individual power supply modules.
[0033] In another charging mode, the control module 9 controls the first and second terminals of the first switch module 4 and the second switch module 6 to be turned on. At this time, external power can charge the external system through the internal modules, and the power supply module also outputs power, achieving parallel output. The charging power is the sum of the two. This method employs a unique emergency direct-connection power supply design, overcoming the industry technical bottleneck of energy storage charging piles being unable to self-start after power depletion, and ensuring the equipment's rapid recovery capability under extreme conditions.
[0034] In another charging mode, the control module 9 controls the conduction of different terminals of the third switch module 8 to change the connection method of the first power supply module 2 and the second power supply module 3, thereby changing the range of the output voltage.
[0035] In the above embodiments, different output schemes are achieved by controlling the conduction modes of different terminals of the first switch module 4 and the second switch module 6 to meet different charging needs during charging, and can be widely applied in different charging scenarios. It is understood that in this embodiment, charging power output can be achieved by directly connecting to the external power grid; alternatively, power can be output through the first and / or second power supply modules to achieve emergency charging; simultaneously, output power can be enhanced by coupling to the external power grid and connecting the first and / or second power supply modules in parallel.
[0036] In one implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the power input module provided in this application; wherein, the power input module 1 includes: a rectifier unit 11, a first unidirectional conduction unit 12, and a second unidirectional conduction unit 13.
[0037] Specifically, the corresponding coupling relationship is as follows: the power input module 1 includes: the input terminal of the rectifier unit 11 is coupled to an external power supply; the input terminal of the first unidirectional conduction unit 12 is coupled to the output terminal of the rectifier unit 11, and the output terminal of the first unidirectional conduction unit 12 is coupled to the first terminal of the first switching module 4; the input terminal of the second unidirectional conduction unit 13 is coupled to an external power supply, and the output terminal of the second unidirectional conduction unit 13 is coupled to the first terminal of the first switching module 4; wherein, the input terminal of the rectifier unit 11 is coupled to AC power; and the input terminal of the second unidirectional conduction unit 13 is coupled to DC power.
[0038] In other embodiments, the first unidirectional conduction unit 12 and / or the second unidirectional conduction unit 13 may be adopted in the form of diodes or other methods to achieve low impedance unidirectional conduction, as long as the actual needs are met, and no specific limitation is made here.
[0039] The coupled external power source can be from various sources, such as AC mains input, AC generator input, DC photovoltaic input, DC wind power input, and DC hydropower input. When supplementing power with DC power (such as the photovoltaic DC bus or another charging pile), the external DC power can directly power the DC bus or charge the battery pack after appropriate DC-DC conversion through power supply input module 1. When the AC grid is used as the main input, the AC power is converted into DC power on the DC bus through power supply input module 1 (including rectification and PFC circuits) to charge the power supply module. During discharge, the first power supply module 2 outputs power through DC-DC conversion and the second power supply module 3.
[0040] When the system fails to start due to complete power depletion (i.e., when the system detects that the internal energy storage module is depleted or cannot start due to extreme low temperature, it can be activated, allowing external emergency power to bypass the power supply module and conventional charging circuit, directly providing startup power to the system or quickly replenishing the power supply module), it connects to a mobile power vehicle, portable generator, or other emergency power source through an external interface to activate the emergency direct-connection power supply mode (i.e., the first and second terminals of the first switch module 4 are turned on by the control module 9, and the first and second terminals of the second switch module 6 are turned on, at which time power can be directly supplied by the external power source coupled through the power input module 1), to supply power to the system's core controller and critical circuits, and quickly replenish the battery pack to a normal operating level.
[0041] In some embodiments, the power input module 1 includes multiple coupling branches, such as multiple branches and external interfaces of rectifier units 11 and first unidirectional conduction units 12; and multiple branches and external interfaces of second unidirectional conduction units 13.
[0042] The above method enables coupling to various external power sources, including DC and AC, to meet charging needs in various usage scenarios; and includes multiple branches to achieve multi-terminal coupling charging.
[0043] In one implementation, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the first power supply module provided in this application; the first power supply module 2 includes: a first charger 21 and a first battery pack 22.
[0044] Specifically, the corresponding coupling relationships are as follows: the input terminal of the first charger 21 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4; the first input terminal of the first battery pack 22 is coupled to the output terminal of the first charger 21; the second input terminal of the first battery pack 22 is coupled to the third terminal of the second switch module 6; the first output terminal of the first battery pack 22 is coupled to the input terminal of the second power conversion module 7; and the second output terminal of the first battery pack 22 is coupled to the first terminal of the third switch module 8.
[0045] In one embodiment, the first charger 21 is a low-power charger; the first battery pack 22 may include multiple battery cells connected in series, and the voltage of the first battery pack 22 can be set according to actual conditions, for example, a 200V battery pack.
[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the second energy supply module provided in this application; wherein, the second energy supply module 3 includes: the second energy supply module 3 includes: a first energy storage unit 31 and a second energy storage unit 32.
[0047] Specifically, the corresponding coupling relationships are as follows: the first input terminal of the first energy storage unit 31 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4, and the output terminal of the first energy storage unit 31 is coupled to the fourth terminal of the third switch module 8; the first input terminal of the second energy storage unit 32 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4, the second input terminal of the second energy storage unit 32 is coupled to the output terminal of the first energy storage unit 31, and the output terminal of the second energy storage unit 32 is coupled to the third terminal of the third switch module 8.
[0048] Understandably, by setting multiple energy storage units within the second energy storage unit 32, the power output is increased to meet the voltage requirements when high power output is needed. Furthermore, using multiple energy storage units allows for direct replacement of a damaged or worn-out unit, with another unit maintaining the power output. In some embodiments, the number of energy storage units can be multiple, such as 3, 5, or 9, depending on the actual operating conditions and requirements; no specific limitation is imposed here.
[0049] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the first energy storage unit provided in this application; the first energy storage unit 31 includes: a second charger 311, a second battery pack 312, a third charger 313, a third battery pack 314 and a first switch unit 315.
[0050] Specifically, the corresponding coupling relationships are as follows: the input terminal of the second charger 311 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4; the first input terminal of the second battery pack 312 is coupled to the output terminal of the second charger 311; the input terminal of the third charger 313 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4; the first input terminal of the third battery pack 314 is coupled to the output terminal of the third charger 313, the second input terminal of the third battery pack 314 is coupled to the first output terminal of the second battery pack 312, and the output terminal of the third battery pack 314 is coupled to the second energy storage unit 32; the first switch unit 315 has its first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the second battery pack 312, its second terminal coupled to the fourth terminal of the third switch module 8, and its third terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second battery pack 312; the control terminal of the first switch unit 315 is coupled to the control module 9 (not shown in the figure).
[0051] In this embodiment, the second charger 311 and the second battery pack 312 form one branch, and the third charger 313 and the third battery pack 314 form another branch. Based on this, the first switching unit 315 allows for selection and switching between any two branches. The configuration of the second and third chargers and the second and third battery packs can be as described in the above embodiments. In other embodiments, multiple branches can be configured, corresponding to multiple chargers and battery packs, as well as corresponding switching units. This configuration can be tailored to actual operating conditions and requirements, and is not specifically limited here.
[0052] In this manner, the first energy storage unit 31 is configured with two branches, and the first switching unit 315 switches between the corresponding branches to connect and output power to a single branch, connect both branches simultaneously, or disconnect them. By switching the on / off states of the switching module and the switching unit, the output power can be controlled to meet different charging needs. Furthermore, when a battery pack needs to be replaced, the system controller can isolate the module from the charging / discharging circuit, allowing operators to perform hot-swap replacements without power interruption. After replacement, the controller reintegrates the module into the energy matrix.
[0053] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the second energy storage unit provided in this application; the second energy storage unit 32 includes: a fourth charger 321, a fourth battery pack 322, a fifth charger 323, a fifth battery pack 324 and a third switch unit 33.
[0054] Specifically, the corresponding coupling relationships are as follows: the input terminal of the fourth charger 321 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4; the first input terminal of the fourth battery pack 322 is coupled to the output terminal of the fourth charger 321, and the second input terminal of the fourth battery pack 322 is coupled to the output terminal of the first energy storage unit 31; the input terminal of the fifth charger 323 is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module 4; the first input terminal of the fifth battery pack 324 is coupled to the output terminal of the fifth charger 323, the second input terminal of the fifth battery pack 324 is coupled to the output terminal of the fourth battery pack 322, and the output terminal of the fifth battery pack 324 is coupled to the third terminal of the third switch module 8; the second switch unit 325 has its first terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the fourth battery pack 322, its second terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switch module 8, and its third terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the fifth battery pack 324; the control terminal of the second switch unit 325 is coupled to the control module 9 (not shown in the figure).
[0055] The configuration of the second energy storage unit 32 is similar to that of the first energy storage unit 31. For details, please refer to the description of the configuration of the first energy storage unit 31 in the above embodiment.
[0056] It is understood that, in combination with the configuration of the first energy storage unit 31 and the second energy storage unit 32, in a specific embodiment, the control module 9 receives the charging demand (target voltage, target current) issued by the electric vehicle BMS. Based on the target voltage, it calculates the number of power conversion modules and battery packs (which can be considered as power conversion modules with fixed voltages) that need to operate in series (achieving voltage superposition); based on the target power, it determines whether these units / modules operate individually or in parallel (achieving current superposition). For example, taking a battery pack with a voltage of 200V as an example, it achieves a wide-range, programmable output from 0V to the theoretical maximum value (such as 1200V). The calculation is based on a preset lookup table corresponding to the rated voltage of each battery unit, or on a real-time division operation and rounding strategy based on the target voltage and the rated voltage of the unit, dynamically determining the minimum number of units to be connected in series.
[0057] For example, the system obtains the requirements (such as target voltage 750V and target current 200A) from vehicle access and BMS communication, configures the energy matrix (for example, controls three 200V battery packs directly in series, and then controls a DC-DC unit, i.e., a power conversion module, to output 0-200V for voltage fine-tuning to achieve a precise output of 600V-800V), and starts charging.
[0058] Based on the above, when the system detects a fault in a battery pack or power conversion module, the control module 9 can physically or logically isolate the faulty unit from the energy matrix by controlling the corresponding switching module or switching unit. Subsequently, the system recalculates and configures the series-parallel combinations of the remaining normal units to maintain system operation (possibly at a slightly lower power output), achieving "non-stop maintenance".
[0059] Meanwhile, the charging device 100 can achieve intelligent temperature control and power scheduling, and the system monitors the temperature of each unit in real time. When local overheating is detected, the control module 9 can actively reduce the output power of the overheated unit (i.e., switch the on / off state of the switching module and / or the switching unit to adjust the output power), and intelligently transfer this part of the power load to other units or modules with normal temperature, thereby achieving thermal balance and continuous high-reliability output of the system.
[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the second power supply module provided in this application; Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the second power supply module provided in this application; wherein, Figure 8 This is a further refinement based on the above embodiments. The second power supply module 3 also includes a third switching unit 33.
[0061] Specifically, the first end of the third switch unit 33 is coupled to the second end of the second switch unit 325, the second end of the third switch unit 33 is coupled to the third end of the third switch module 8, the third end of the third switch unit 33 is coupled to the output end of the second energy storage unit 32, and the control end of the third switch unit 33 is coupled to the control module 9 (not shown in the figure).
[0062] By using the above method, the connection of the fifth battery pack 324 in the second energy storage unit 32 is made by the third switch unit 33, and the connection is further divided to further refine the number of battery packs connected in series and parallel, thereby increasing the range of adjustable power variation.
[0063] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the charging device provided in this application; wherein, the third switch module 8 in the charging device 100 includes: a fourth switch unit 81 and a fifth switch unit 82.
[0064] Specifically, the corresponding coupling relationships are as follows: the first end of the fourth switching unit 81 is coupled to the second input end of the second power supply module 3, and the third end of the fourth switching unit 81 is coupled to the output end of the second power supply module 3; the fifth switching unit 82 has its first end coupled to the second output end of the second power conversion module 7, its second end coupled to the second end of the fourth switching unit 81, and its third end coupled to the second end of the fourth switching unit 81; wherein, the control ends of the fourth switching unit 81 and the fifth switching unit 82 are coupled to the control module 9 (not shown in the figure).
[0065] By employing the above method, the fourth switch unit 81 and the fifth switch unit 82 are used to reduce the requirements for switch components and facilitate maintenance and replacement during subsequent use.
[0066] In one embodiment, Vout and Iout represent the charging voltage and charging current output to the vehicle. Taking the prototype system as an example, each standard battery has a rated voltage of 200V, and five batteries are connected in series. The first battery pack 22 outputs through a 0-200V low-voltage DC-DC module (i.e., the second power conversion module 7), and the other four battery packs are connected and output through a contactor matrix (i.e., a switch module and a switch unit). Each unit can increase the rated current and capacity of the system by connecting multiple batteries in parallel, in a "5 series and multiple parallel" configuration.
[0067] By switching the states of several sets of switches, multiple different superimposed output voltage ranges can be achieved. Because it is a series output, the output current of each unit is Iout.
[0068] Case 1: The first and second terminals of the fifth switch unit 82 are connected, the second and third terminals of the fourth switch unit 81 are connected, the second and third terminals of the third switch unit 33 are connected, and the first switch unit 315 and the second switch unit 325 are ignored. The Vout output range is 0-200V.
[0069] Case 2: The first and second terminals of the fifth switch unit 82 are connected, the second and third terminals of the fourth switch unit 81 are connected, the first and second terminals of the third switch unit 33 are connected, the second and third terminals of the second switch unit 325 are connected, and the first switch unit 315 is ignored. The Vout output range is 200-400V.
[0070] Case 3: The first and second terminals of the fifth switch unit 82 are connected, the second and third terminals of the fourth switch unit 81 are connected, the first and second terminals of the third switch unit 33 are connected, the first and second terminals of the second switch unit 325 are connected, the first switch unit 315 is ignored, and the Vout output range is 400-600V.
[0071] Case 4: The first and second terminals of the fifth switch unit 82 are connected, the first and second terminals of the fourth switch unit 81 are connected, the second and third terminals of the first switch unit 315 are connected, and the third switch unit 33 and the second switch unit 325 are ignored. The Vout output range is 600-800V.
[0072] Case 5: The first and second terminals of the fifth switching unit 82 are connected, the first and second terminals of the fourth switching unit 81 are connected, the first and second terminals of the first switching unit 315 are connected, and the third switching unit 33 and the second switching unit 325 are ignored. The Vout output range is 800-1000V.
[0073] Case 6: The second and third terminals of the fifth switch unit 82 are connected, the first and second terminals of the fourth switch unit 81 are connected, the first and second terminals of the first switch unit 315 are connected, and the third switch unit 33 and the second switch unit 325 are ignored. The system is in a series charging state, stops outputting externally, and Vout has no output.
[0074] The results from the above switch combinations show that the overall system output perfectly covers the 0-1000V range. Theoretically, by increasing the number of battery packs, countless voltage range combinations can be achieved, realizing a comprehensive power supply effect across the entire voltage range.
[0075] In the above embodiments, the series superposition of power conversion modules results in an extremely wide output voltage range, seamlessly adapting to all new energy vehicles with different voltage platforms and solving the compatibility problem of "one charging station for multiple vehicles". Modular design and online isolation and reconfiguration capabilities allow the system to continue degraded operation even in the event of a fault, and support online replacement of faulty modules, greatly improving equipment uptime and operational efficiency. Using a built-in battery pack as an energy buffer effectively smooths grid fluctuations and even enables off-grid charging in grid-less environments, improving the stability and adaptability of charging services. Software-defined energy paths allow for intelligent power scheduling based on real-time status (temperature, health), avoiding localized overheating or overload and improving overall system safety and the lifespan of key components. A unique emergency direct-connection power supply design overcomes the industry technical bottleneck of energy storage charging piles being unable to self-boot up after a power outage, ensuring rapid recovery capabilities under extreme conditions.
[0076] Furthermore, by reducing the output voltage variation range of the power conversion module, from the traditional requirement of matching the entire voltage range (e.g., 200V-1000V) to only matching the variation in the overall output voltage (e.g., from the initial charging voltage of 380V at 40% SOC of an electric vehicle to the final voltage of 460V at 100% SOC, a variation range of only 80V), the requirements for power devices are significantly reduced, greatly improving product reliability and significantly reducing product costs. Simultaneously, the reduced voltage regulation range allows for more efficient heat dissipation design, further enhancing the long-term stability of the system. Optimizing energy conversion efficiency reduces unnecessary energy loss, resulting in better overall energy efficiency. Combined with advanced thermal management strategies and modular redundancy design, the equipment can maintain stable output even under high load or high temperature environments, ensuring a safe, fast, and reliable charging process. This design approach is not only applicable to current mainstream electric vehicle models but also reserves technological expansion space for future higher power charging needs.
[0077] Based on the above embodiments, this application provides a charge and discharge management method based on the charging device 100, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Control module 9 receives the target's charging demand signal.
[0078] Step 2: Based on the target voltage in the charging demand signal, determine the series signal, which is the number and combination of battery packs and power conversion modules that need to be connected in series to the bus.
[0079] Step 3: Based on the target power in the charging demand signal, determine the parallel signal, which is the number of battery packs that need to work in parallel.
[0080] Step 4: Based on series and parallel signals, control module 9 controls the on / off state of the switching module and / or switching unit, as well as the power distribution of the power conversion module, and outputs the target voltage and target power.
[0081] The present invention also proposes a charging device 200, such as Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the charging device provided in this application; the charging device 200 includes a charging device 100, the specific structure of which is described in the above embodiment. Since the charging device 200 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
[0082] This invention also proposes a charging pile 300, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the charging pile provided in this application; the charging pile 300 includes a charging device 200, the specific structure of which is as described in the above embodiment. Since the charging device 200 adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.
[0083] In the embodiments of the present invention, the on / off states of the first, second and third switch modules 8 are controlled according to different charging requirements to switch the corresponding coupling relationships between the first and second power conversion modules 7 and the first and second power supply modules 3, thereby changing the power supply output mode in the charging device 100. The output voltage has a wide range of adaptability and can meet the charging requirements under different charging scenarios.
[0084] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A charging device, characterized in that, The charging device includes: A power input module, wherein the input terminal of the power input module is coupled to an external power source; A first switch module, wherein a first terminal of the first switch module is coupled to the output terminal of the power input module; A first power conversion module, wherein the input terminal of the first power conversion module is coupled to the second terminal of the first switching module; The second switching module has a first terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first power conversion module and a second terminal coupled to the positive terminal of the load. The first power supply module has a first input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module, and a second input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the second switch module. The second power conversion module has its input terminal coupled to the first output terminal of the first power supply module, and its first output terminal coupled to the positive terminal of the load. The third switch module has a first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the first power supply module, a second terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the second power module, and a third terminal coupled to the negative terminal of the load. The second power supply module has a first input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module, a second input terminal coupled to the fourth terminal of the third switch module, and an output terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switch module. A control module is coupled to the control terminals of the first switch module, the second switch module, and the third switch module; wherein the control module is configured to control the on / off state of the first switch module, the second switch module, and the third switch module according to different charging modes.
2. The charging device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power input module includes: A rectifier unit, wherein the input terminal of the rectifier unit is coupled to an external power supply; The first unidirectional conduction unit has its input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the rectifier unit, and its output terminal coupled to the first terminal of the first switching module. The second unidirectional conduction unit has its input terminal coupled to an external power supply and its output terminal coupled to the first terminal of the first switch module. The input terminal of the rectifier unit is coupled to AC power; the input terminal of the second unidirectional conduction unit is coupled to DC power.
3. The charging device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first power supply module includes: The first charger, wherein the input terminal of the first charger is coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module; A first battery pack, wherein a first input terminal of the first battery pack is coupled to the output terminal of the first charger, a second input terminal of the first battery pack is coupled to the third terminal of the second switching module, a first output terminal of the first battery pack is coupled to the input terminal of the second power conversion module, and a second output terminal of the first battery pack is coupled to the first terminal of the third switching module.
4. The charging device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second power supply module includes: The first energy storage unit has a first input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module, and an output terminal coupled to the fourth terminal of the third switching module. The second energy storage unit has a first input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module, a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first energy storage unit, and an output terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module.
5. The charging device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first energy storage unit includes: The second charger has its input terminal coupled to the third terminal of the first switch module; The second battery pack, wherein the first input terminal of the second battery pack is coupled to the output terminal of the second charger; A third charger, wherein the input terminal of the third charger is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module; The third battery pack has a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the third charger, a second input terminal coupled to the first output terminal of the second battery pack, and an output terminal coupled to the second energy storage unit. A first switching unit, wherein a first end of the first switching unit is coupled to a second output end of the second battery pack, a second end of the first switching unit is coupled to a fourth end of the third switching module, and a third end of the first switching unit is coupled to an output end of the second battery pack; and a control end of the first switching unit is coupled to the control module.
6. The charging device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The second energy storage unit includes: A fourth charger, wherein the input terminal of the fourth charger is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module; The fourth battery pack has a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the fourth charger, and a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the first energy storage unit. The fifth charger, wherein the input terminal of the fifth charger is coupled to the third terminal of the first switching module; The fifth battery pack has a first input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the fifth charger, a second input terminal coupled to the output terminal of the fourth battery pack, and an output terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switch module. The second switching unit has a first terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the fourth battery pack, a second terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module, and a third terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the fifth battery pack; the control terminal of the second switching unit is coupled to the control module.
7. The charging device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second power supply module also includes: The third switching unit has a first terminal coupled to the second terminal of the second switching unit, a second terminal coupled to the third terminal of the third switching module, and a third terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second energy storage unit; the control terminal of the third switching unit is coupled to the control module.
8. The charging device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The third switch module includes: The fourth switching unit has a first terminal coupled to the second input terminal of the second power supply module and a third terminal coupled to the output terminal of the second power supply module. The fifth switching unit has a first terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the second power conversion module, a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the fourth switching unit, and a third terminal coupled to the second terminal of the fourth switching unit. The control terminals of the fourth and fifth switching units are coupled to the control module.
9. A charging device, characterized in that, The charging device includes a charging apparatus, wherein the charging apparatus is the charging apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-8.
10. A charging pile, characterized in that, The charging pile includes a charging device, which is the charging device as described in claim 9.