Biomass-based high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde group modification

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of biomass-based high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde group modification, which comprises the following steps: S1, removing lignin and hemicellulose from a natural bamboo sheet or a wood sheet to obtain a delignification and hemicellulose-removed matrix; s2, immersing the delignification and hemicellulose removal matrix in a sodium periodate solution for oxidation reaction, and introducing an aldehyde group on a molecular chain of the cellulose matrix to obtain an aldehyde base material; s3, the water content of the aldehyde base material is air-dried to 20-40%, air drying continues after hot pressing, and the high-performance transparent plastic finished product is obtained. According to the invention, after lignin and hemicellulose are removed from the natural bamboo sheets or wood sheets, aldehyde group modification and hot-pressing plasticization are carried out, so that the bioplastic with high strength, transparency, stability and degradability can be prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to the field of agricultural materials technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde-modified biomass. Background Technology

[0002] Petroleum-based plastics are widely used in packaging, construction, electronics, and aerospace due to their low cost, light weight, good processability, and excellent mechanical and environmental stability. However, their long-term non-degradable nature leads to severe environmental accumulation effects. Globally, over 450 million tons of plastic waste are generated annually, and it is estimated that approximately 12 billion tons of plastic will accumulate in the environment by 2050, causing irreversible damage to soil and marine ecosystems. Therefore, developing renewable and biodegradable bio-based alternatives has become a key approach to mitigating plastic pollution.

[0003] Bamboo and wood veneers, as abundant renewable resources, are used to produce cellulose nanomaterials, which are considered ideal raw materials for preparing high-performance bioplastics due to their combination of high mechanical strength and biodegradability. In recent years, cellulose-based bioplastics have made significant progress in both basic research and industrial applications. However, this field still faces several key technological bottlenecks: including high energy consumption in the preparation process, difficulties in thermal processing due to the inherent strong crystallinity of cellulose, and shortcomings in the mechanical strength and durability of the finished products. These factors, to some extent, limit their large-scale practical application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing high-performance transparent biomass-based plastics based on aldehyde modification. This invention involves removing lignin and hemicellulose from natural bamboo or wood veneers, followed by aldehyde modification and hot-pressing plasticization, to prepare bioplastics that possess high strength, transparency, stability, and biodegradability.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention: a method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde modification, comprising the following steps: S1, removing lignin and hemicellulose from natural bamboo or wood slabs to obtain a delignified and de-hemicellulose matrix;

[0006] S2. The delignified and decellulose-free matrix is ​​immersed in sodium periodate solution for oxidation reaction, and aldehyde groups are introduced into the molecular chain of the cellulose matrix to obtain aldehyde-based matrix.

[0007] S3. Air-dry the aldehyde-based substrate until the moisture content is 20-40%, then hot-press and continue air-drying to obtain a high-performance transparent plastic product.

[0008] The aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde modification involves removing lignin and hemicellulose by first immersing natural bamboo or wood chips in a 0.5-3 wt% sodium chlorite solution, then adding acetic acid solution to adjust the pH to 4.0-5.0, and heating at 70-90℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a delignified cellulose matrix. The delignified cellulose matrix is ​​then washed with deionized water, and finally immersed in a 0.5-2 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for 0.5-2 hours to obtain a delignified and de-hemicellulose matrix.

[0009] In the aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass, the concentration of the sodium chlorite solution is 1 wt%, the pH value is adjusted to 4.6, the heating temperature is 80°C, the heating time is 4 hours, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1 wt%, and the soaking time in the sodium hydroxide solution is 1 hour.

[0010] The aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde modification involves immersing bamboo-based cellulose in a 0.5-2% sodium periodate solution and reacting it for 4-6 hours in a light-protected environment at a modification temperature of 40-60℃ to obtain an aldehyde-modified substrate.

[0011] In the aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde modification, the concentration of the sodium periodate solution is 1%, the modification temperature is 50°C, and the reaction time is 5 hours.

[0012] In the aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde-modified biomass, the water content of the aldehyde-modified substrate is adjusted to 30%.

[0013] The aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde-modified biomass involves hot pressing for 2-8 minutes at a hot pressing temperature of 90-100℃ and a hot pressing pressure of 3-7MPa.

[0014] In the aforementioned method for preparing high-performance transparent plastics based on aldehyde-modified biomass, the hot-pressing temperature is 95°C, the hot-pressing pressure is 5 MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 5 minutes.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] This invention produces a high-performance transparent plastic under mild conditions by removing lignin and hemicellulose from natural bamboo or wood veneers, followed by aldehyde functionalization modification, moisture content control, and hot-press plasticization. The aldehyde-induced modification of the delignified and hemicellulose-based matrix induces a controllable molecular cross-linking structure within the bamboo-wood cellulose, resulting in excellent mechanical strength and processability. Hot-press plasticization of the aldehyde-modified matrix further enhances its stability, transparency, and recyclability. Furthermore, using natural bamboo or wood veneers as raw materials, this invention offers advantages such as simple processing, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and low cost, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a macroscopic morphology image of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in this invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a macroscopic (1 cm) morphology image of the cross-section of the high-performance transparent plastic scanning electron microscope (SEM) prepared in this invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a microscopic (200 μm) morphology image of the cross-section of the high-performance transparent plastic scanning electron microscope (SEM) prepared in this invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a microscopic (50 μm) morphology image of the cross-section of the high-performance transparent plastic scanning electron microscope (SEM) prepared in this invention;

[0021] Figure 5 These are macroscopic morphology images of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in the present invention in both dry and wet states;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the programming process of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 A stress comparison diagram of natural wood veneers and wood-based high-performance transparent plastics;

[0024] Figure 8 A comparison chart of the tensile strength of natural wood veneers and wood-based high-performance transparent plastics;

[0025] Figure 9 A stress comparison diagram of natural bamboo veneer and bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastic;

[0026] Figure 10 A comparison chart of the tensile strength of natural bamboo sheets and bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastics;

[0027] Figure 11A comparison diagram of the water contact angles between natural bamboo slabs and bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastics;

[0028] Figure 12 A comparison diagram of the water contact angles between natural wood veneers and wood-based high-performance transparent plastics;

[0029] Figure 13 Figure 1 shows the experimental results of the stability of wood-based high-performance transparent plastics in different solvents.

[0030] Figure 14 Figure 1 shows the experimental results of the stability of bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastics in different solvents.

[0031] Figure 15 A comparison chart of the thermal stability of commonly used petroleum-based plastics and high-performance transparent plastics;

[0032] Figure 16 Comparison of flame retardancy between natural wood veneer, delignified wood veneer, and bamboo / wood-based high-performance transparent plastic material;

[0033] Figure 17 The graph shows the recyclability test results of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in this invention.

[0034] Figure 18 The figure shows the experimental results of rapid chemical degradation of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in this invention;

[0035] Figure 19 The figure shows the experimental results of rapid chemical degradation of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in this invention;

[0036] Figure 20 This is a transmittance test diagram in the visible light band;

[0037] Figure 21 This is a graph showing the experimental results of visible light transmittance spectrum. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] Example 1: A method for preparing a high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1. Dissolve sodium chlorite in deionized water to prepare a certain amount of 1wt.% sodium chlorite solution. First, immerse the natural bamboo slices in the 1% sodium chlorite solution, then add acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 4.6, and heat at 80℃ for 4 hours to obtain delignified bamboo-based cellulose. Then wash the delignified bamboo-based cellulose with deionized water, and then soak the delignified bamboo-based cellulose in a 1wt% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour to obtain delignified hemicellulose bamboo-based cellulose.

[0041] S2. Aldehydelation modification of delignified and decellulosed bamboo matrix using sodium periodate as an oxidant: The delignified and decellulosed bamboo matrix was immersed in a 1% sodium periodate solution and reacted for 5 hours at a modification temperature of 50°C in the dark. After thorough rinsing with distilled water, aldehyde-modified bamboo matrix was obtained.

[0042] S3. Air-dry the aldehyde-based bamboo substrate until the moisture content is 30%, then hot-press it for 5 minutes at a hot-pressing temperature of 95℃ and a hot-pressing pressure of 5MPa. After that, continue to air-dry to remove residual moisture, and obtain the bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastic product.

[0043] Example 2: A method for preparing a high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1. Dissolve sodium chlorite in deionized water to prepare a certain amount of 1wt.% sodium chlorite solution. First, immerse the natural wood chips in a 0.5wt% sodium chlorite solution, then add acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 4.0. Heat at 70℃ for 6 hours to obtain delignified wood cellulose. Then wash the delignified wood cellulose with deionized water, and then soak the delignified wood cellulose in a 0.5wt% sodium hydroxide solution for 0.5 hours to obtain delignified and dehemicellulose wood cellulose.

[0045] S2. Aldehyde-oxidized wood matrix modified by using sodium periodate as an oxidant: The delignified hemicellulose wood matrix was immersed in a 0.5% sodium periodate solution and reacted for 4 hours in a light-protected environment at a modification temperature of 40℃. After thorough rinsing with distilled water, aldehyde-modified wood matrix was obtained.

[0046] S3. Air-dry the aldehyde-based wood substrate until the moisture content is 20%, then hot-press it for 2 minutes at a hot-pressing temperature of 90℃ and a hot-pressing pressure of 3MPa. After that, continue to air-dry to remove residual moisture, and obtain the wood-based high-performance transparent plastic product.

[0047] Example 3: A method for preparing a high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1. Dissolve sodium chlorite in deionized water to prepare a certain amount of 3wt.% sodium chlorite solution. First, immerse the natural bamboo slices in the 3wt.% sodium chlorite solution, then add acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 5.0, and heat at 90℃ for 3 hours to obtain delignified bamboo-based cellulose. Then wash the delignified bamboo-based cellulose with deionized water, and then soak the delignified bamboo-based cellulose in a 2wt% sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours to obtain delignified hemicellulose bamboo-based cellulose.

[0049] S2. Aldehydelation modification of delignified and decellulosed bamboo matrix using sodium periodate as an oxidant: The delignified and decellulosed bamboo matrix was immersed in a 1% sodium periodate solution and reacted for 6 hours in a light-protected environment at a modification temperature of 60℃. After thorough rinsing with distilled water, aldehyde-modified bamboo matrix was obtained.

[0050] S3. Air-dry the aldehyde-based bamboo substrate until the moisture content is 40%, then hot-press it for 8 minutes at a hot-pressing temperature of 100℃ and a hot-pressing pressure of 7MPa. After that, continue to air-dry to remove residual moisture, and obtain the bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastic product.

[0051] Example 4: A method for preparing a high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. Dissolve sodium chlorite in deionized water to prepare a certain amount of 2wt.% sodium chlorite solution. First, immerse natural bamboo and wood chips in the 2wt% sodium chlorite solution, then add acetic acid solution to adjust the pH value to 4.4. Heat at 83℃ for 5 hours to obtain delignified cellulose matrix. Then wash the delignified cellulose matrix with deionized water, and then soak the delignified cellulose matrix in a 1.5wt% sodium hydroxide solution for 1.2 hours to obtain delignified hemicellulose matrix.

[0053] S2. Aldehydelation modification of delignified hemicellulose matrix using sodium periodate as oxidant: The delignified hemicellulose matrix is ​​immersed in a 1.5% sodium periodate solution and reacted for 5 hours at a modification temperature of 55℃ in the dark. After thorough rinsing with distilled water, aldehyde-modified matrix is ​​obtained.

[0054] S3. The aldehyde-based substrate is air-dried until the moisture content is 30%, and then hot-pressed for 4 minutes at a hot-pressing temperature of 90℃ and a hot-pressing pressure of 6MPa. After that, it is air-dried again to remove residual moisture, and the high-performance transparent plastic product based on bamboo and wood is obtained.

[0055] The high-performance transparent plastic prepared by this invention uses natural bamboo or wood veneers directly as raw materials. The resulting wood-based bioplastic has low energy consumption, can be mass-produced, and can be twisted and folded through thermal processing. Figure 1 The image shows the macroscopic morphology of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 1, demonstrating its excellent processability.

[0056] Figures 2-4 The images show the macroscopic (1 cm), microscopic (200 μm), and microscopic (50 μm) morphology of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 1 using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After hot-pressing, the aldehyde-modified substrate of this invention completely loses its cellular structure, and the cell wall fibers rearrange and densify, leaving only a small number of cracks and pores, forming a high-density, low-porosity biomass plastic. This is due to the aldehyde modification disrupting the hydrogen bond network of wood veneer fibers, significantly improving fiber fluidity and reactivity, thereby significantly improving its thermal processing performance. Simultaneously, the cellulose molecules generate new covalent bonds through aldol reactions, significantly enhancing the internal bonding strength of the wood veneer plastic, causing the wood veneer structure to evolve towards high density and low porosity, realizing the transformation from natural bamboo and wood veneers to high-performance bamboo and wood veneer-based bioplastics.

[0057] During the hot pressing process of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 1, the water molecules retained inside the bamboo-based cellulose can insert into the cellulose chains as dynamic exchangeable hydrogen bond competitors, partially replacing the original inter-chain hydrogen bonds, so that the hydrogen bond network is in a relaxed and reconfigurable state, significantly enhancing the slippage ability of the molecular chains, and making the material exhibit soft and ductile plasticizing characteristics. Figure 5 The images show the macroscopic morphology of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 1 in both wet and dry states. As the moisture gradually evaporates, the hydrogen bonds between the bamboo-based cellulose segments reassociate and become more compact, establishing a stable three-dimensional hydrogen bond network structure both intramolecularly and intermolecularly. This allows the material to achieve a phased transformation from flexible to high rigidity and high strength. This transformation is reversible and programmable. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the programming process of the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 1. It demonstrates how the plastic deformation capacity and final structural stability of the material can be precisely controlled by adjusting the water content. Therefore, wet materials can achieve precise forming of complex geometries under low energy consumption and external force conditions, and after drying, they become shaped and possess excellent mechanical properties, resulting in structured functional parts.

[0058] Verification Example: For the high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 1, this example uses an electronic universal testing machine to test the tensile strength of natural wood veneers, natural bamboo veneers, the bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastic from Example 1, and the wood-based high-performance transparent plastic from Example 2. For example... Figure 7 and Figure 8The prepared wood-based high-performance transparent plastic exhibits enhanced mechanical properties, possessing a high tensile strength of 244.82 MPa, which is 11 times that of natural wood veneer (20.33 MPa) and exceeds that of typical commercial plastics. Natural bamboo veneer itself possesses extremely high mechanical properties, with a tested tensile strength of 118.24 MPa. In comparison, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastics with moisture-controlled aldehyde modification achieve a high tensile strength of 503.41 MPa, which is more than 4 times higher than that of natural bamboo sheets.

[0059] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, high-performance transparent plastics exhibit a certain degree of water stability compared to natural bamboo and wood veneers. The water contact angle of wood-based high-performance transparent plastics is 90.4°, while that of bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastics is 87.9°. The solvent resistance of high-performance transparent plastics was evaluated using common solvent immersion tests, such as… Figure 13 As shown, after immersion in water, acid solutions, and organic solvents for 30 days, it maintained its intact shape without deformation or structural decomposition, indicating that the high-performance transparent plastic has good resistance to most solvents. This characteristic stems from a triple mechanism: sodium periodate oxidation replaces hydroxyl groups with aldehyde groups, reducing the material's polarity; active sites are blocked, and hemiacetal crosslinking consumes hydrophilic groups, resisting polar solvent erosion; hot pressing eliminates internal pores, blocking solvent penetration pathways. Particularly in terms of acid resistance, the newly formed covalent crosslinked network inhibits the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose glycosidic bonds by H⁺. Therefore, the stability, acid resistance, and organic solvent resistance of wood veneer plastics surpass those of traditional natural fiber composites, and their performance is close to that of petroleum-based plastics such as high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polypropylene (PP). Hot plate test results (200°C, 60s) are shown below. Figure 15 As shown, petroleum-based plastics (such as PE and PP) soften and deform significantly within a short period of time, while high-performance transparent plastics maintain stable morphology. For example... Figure 16 As shown in the alcohol lamp combustion experiment, natural wood veneers and delignified wood veneers char rapidly within 1 second of contact with a flame. Wood-based high-performance transparent plastics, with wood veneers as the substrate, are difficult to ignite and show no flame spread within 60 seconds. Bamboo-based high-performance transparent plastics, with bamboo veneers as the substrate, self-extinguish after being removed from the flame source after 10 seconds of ignition. This performance improvement stems from a triple synergistic mechanism: first, selective removal of thermally unstable components (lignin / hemicellulose) to form an aldehyde-based cellulose matrix; second, hot pressing induces the formation of a pyrolysis-resistant CC / CO covalent network; and finally, densification blocks oxygen diffusion. These characteristics enable high-performance transparent plastics to possess both safety and reliability in high-temperature environments, providing a theoretical basis for replacing petroleum-based plastics.

[0060] like Figure 17As shown, the high-performance transparent plastic prepared by this invention also exhibits excellent thermal reprocessability. After being crushed and mixed with a small amount of water, it can be reshaped into recycled bamboo and wood sheet plastic after being hot-pressed again. This recyclability stems from the dual role of water—both softening the particles and enhancing fiber fluidity, and acting as a reaction medium to promote the conversion of residual aldehyde groups into hydrated aldehydes, resulting in intramolecular / intermolecular bonding to form a new covalent network.

[0061] like Figure 18 As shown, high-performance transparent plastics offer significant environmental advantages as a plastic substitute—they can rapidly degrade in alkaline solutions. A room-temperature 1% NaOH dissolution experiment confirms this characteristic: under continuous stirring, the high-performance transparent plastics exhibit phased degradation over time. After 1 hour, the solution turns pale yellow; after 12 hours, the sample crumbles and the solution becomes dark yellow and turbid; after 24 hours, the wood veneer plastic is almost completely dissolved, leaving only trace residue. This process originates from the alkaline degradation mechanism of cellulose: OH⁻ penetrates into the interior through the micropores of the sample, attacking the C2 position of the sugar ring to form an enol intermediate, initiating epoxide ring-opening cleavage and molecular recombination to generate short-chain products. Because sodium periodate oxidation does not destroy the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds between glucose units (key sites for alkaline hydrolysis of cellulose), high-performance transparent plastics can achieve efficient degradation in a weakly alkaline environment.

[0062] To assess biodegradability, such as Figure 19 As shown, outdoor soil burial tests (10-15 cm depth) were conducted on polystyrene (PS) and recycled high-performance transparent plastics. After 120 days, PS remained morphologically stable, while the high-performance transparent plastics underwent complete degradation. The mechanism can be summarized as follows: initially, environmental moisture / chemical reagents reduce material stability through micro-penetration; later, microbial / chemical reactions trigger deep decomposition of cellulose molecular chains.

[0063] Based on the results of the physical demonstration ( Figure 20 ) and visible light transmittance spectrum ( Figure 21 It is clearly evident that the wood-based high-performance transparent plastic prepared in Example 2 of this invention exhibits significantly superior optical transparency in the visible light band compared to natural wood veneers. Compared to the 0.8 mm thick natural wood veneers, whose transmittance consistently remains below 10% in the 400–800 nm range, the wood-based transparent plastic achieves a stable transmittance of over 90% at the same thickness, maintaining a high level even when the thickness increases to 1.6 mm, exhibiting only limited thickness-dependent attenuation. This result indicates that the strong light scattering originally caused by the cell cavity, cell wall hierarchy, and air interface within the material is effectively weakened, and light propagation shifts from being dominated by scattering to being primarily based on refraction and transmission. The clearly discernible leaf outline in the physical image further verifies that this material not only possesses high integrated transmittance but also low haze, demonstrating that through structural reconstruction and interfacial optical matching, natural wood veneers have successfully transformed from opaque structural materials into highly transparent functional materials.

[0064] In summary, this invention prepares a high-performance transparent plastic under mild conditions by removing lignin and hemicellulose from natural bamboo or wood veneers, performing aldehyde functionalization modification, controlling moisture content, and hot-pressing plasticization. This invention induces aldehyde-based modification of the delignified and de-hemicellulose matrix, resulting in a controllable molecular cross-linking structure within the bamboo-wood cellulose matrix, thus exhibiting excellent mechanical strength and processability. The hot-pressing plasticization of the aldehyde-modified matrix further enhances its stability, transparency, and recyclability. Furthermore, this invention uses natural bamboo or wood veneers as raw materials, offering advantages such as simple processing, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, and low cost, making it a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Remove lignin and hemicellulose from natural bamboo or wood slabs to obtain a delignified and de-hemicellulose matrix. S2. The delignified and decellulose-free matrix is ​​immersed in sodium periodate solution for oxidation reaction, and aldehyde groups are introduced into the molecular chain of the cellulose matrix to obtain aldehyde-based matrix. S3. Air-dry the aldehyde-based substrate until the moisture content is 20-40%, then hot-press and continue air-drying to obtain a high-performance transparent plastic product.

2. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of removing lignin and hemicellulose involves first immersing natural bamboo or wood chips in a 0.5-3 wt% sodium chlorite solution, then adding acetic acid solution to adjust the pH to 4.0-5.0, and heating at 70-90℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a delignified cellulose matrix. The delignified cellulose matrix is ​​then washed with deionized water, and finally immersed in a 0.5-2 wt% sodium hydroxide solution for 0.5-2 hours to obtain a delignified and de-hemicellulose matrix.

3. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of the sodium chlorite solution is 1 wt%, the pH value is adjusted to 4.6, the heating temperature is 80°C, the heating time is 4 hours, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1 wt%, and the soaking time in the sodium hydroxide solution is 1 hour.

4. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidation reaction process involves immersing the delignified and hemicellulose matrix in a 0.5-2% sodium periodate solution and reacting it for 4-6 hours in a light-protected environment at a modification temperature of 40-60℃ to obtain an aldehyde-modified matrix.

5. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The concentration of the sodium periodate solution is 1%, the modification temperature is 50°C, and the reaction time is 5 hours.

6. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the aldehyde-modified substrate is adjusted to 30%.

7. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot pressing process involves hot pressing for 2-8 minutes at a temperature of 90-100℃ and a pressure of 3-7MPa.

8. The method for preparing high-performance transparent plastic based on aldehyde-modified biomass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hot-pressing temperature is 95℃, the hot-pressing pressure is 5MPa, and the hot-pressing time is 5 minutes.

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