Plateau tunnel spray type oxygen supply terminal and low-oxygen plateau tunnel construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a plateau tunnel spray type oxygen supply terminal and a low-oxygen plateau tunnel construction method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction.The plateau tunnel spray type oxygen supply terminal is provided with an outer shell, an oxygen storage tank and an atomization oxygen supply mechanism, and during use, the outer shell drives the oxygen storage tank and the atomization oxygen supply mechanism to move in a low-oxygen plateau tunnel; meanwhile, the whole plateau tunnel spray type oxygen supply terminal can move in the tunnel, so that the plateau tunnel spray type oxygen supply terminal can supply oxygen to any position in the plateau tunnel in the specific use process; therefore, the oxygen supply device can directionally supply oxygen to different areas in the plateau tunnel, so that the oxygen supply device does not need to supply oxygen to the whole tunnel in the plateau tunnel, the waste of oxygen is reduced, and the utilization rate of oxygen is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a spray-type oxygen supply terminal for high-altitude tunnels and a construction method for low-oxygen high-altitude tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, during the construction of high-altitude tunnels, the low-oxygen or oxygen-deficient environment poses a safety threat to construction workers due to insufficient oxygen supply. Current technologies typically address this issue by installing oxygen supply equipment outside the tunnel and then delivering oxygen into the tunnel via pipelines. While this method provides oxygen to the tunnel, the varying lengths of soft rock tunnels mean that existing oxygen supply methods often involve creating outlets at regular intervals along the tunnel's length. Although multiple outlets provide oxygen, the inherent oxygen deficiency of the high-altitude environment leads to oxygen waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose a high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal, which aims to solve the technical problem that although the existing technology can achieve the oxygen supply function by opening multiple outlets, the oxygen is wasted due to the lack of oxygen in the high-altitude environment.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal, comprising: An outer shell, wherein a receiving cavity is formed within the outer shell, and a through hole communicating with the receiving cavity is formed on the shell wall of the outer shell; An oxygen storage tank, installed in the receiving cavity, containing oxygen, and equipped with an air valve; and... An oxygen atomizing mechanism is provided outside the outer shell. The oxygen atomizing mechanism is connected to the gas valve through a pipeline. The oxygen atomizing mechanism can atomize and discharge the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank. The oxygen atomizing mechanism passes through the through hole and extends to the outer shell. The outer shell can drive the oxygen storage tank and the oxygen atomizing mechanism to move inside the low-oxygen plateau tunnel.

[0005] In one embodiment, the atomizing oxygen supply mechanism includes: The housing has mounting holes formed thereon; An oxygen atomizing component, wherein the oxygen atomizing component is installed inside the housing, and the oxygen atomizing component is connected to the gas valve via the pipeline; and... The nozzle is installed in the mounting hole and communicates with the atomizing oxygen supply component. The nozzle passes through the through hole and extends to the outer shell. The atomizing oxygen supply component can atomize the oxygen discharged through the pipeline into a mist and discharge it from the nozzle.

[0006] In one embodiment, the atomizing oxygen supply component includes: A buffer assembly, installed within the housing, connected to the gas valve via the piping, is used to disperse oxygen discharged from the gas valve; and... Atomizer is installed inside the housing and located on one side of the buffer assembly. The atomizer is connected to the buffer assembly and the nozzle. The atomizer can atomize the oxygen discharged from the buffer assembly and discharge it from the nozzle.

[0007] In one embodiment, the buffer component includes: A buffer tube, wherein a spiral buffer cavity is formed within the buffer tube, the buffer cavity extending along a first direction, and the buffer tube is connected to the air valve via the pipeline; and, Multiple wire mesh panels are installed at intervals along a first direction within the buffer cavity.

[0008] In one embodiment, the wire mesh is a stainless steel wire mesh.

[0009] In one embodiment, the wire diameter of the wire mesh is A, wherein 0.1mm≤A≤0.4mm.

[0010] In one embodiment, the spacing between any two adjacent wire mesh panels is B, wherein 3mm ≤ B ≤ 8mm.

[0011] In one embodiment, the mesh size of the wire mesh is C, wherein 30 mesh ≤ C ≤ 50 mesh.

[0012] In one embodiment, the gas valve is a three-way valve, and the oxygen storage tank can be connected to an external oxygen generation system through the three-way valve.

[0013] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a method for constructing low-oxygen plateau tunnels, which applies the plateau tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal described in the first aspect. The method for constructing low-oxygen plateau tunnels includes the following steps: The hypoxic plateau tunnel is divided into multiple array-distributed detection areas, and the real-time oxygen content in each detection area is collected, along with the data of the workers in each detection area. Based on the collected worker data, when there are workers in any of the detection areas, it is determined whether the real-time oxygen content in the corresponding detection area meets the workers' usage needs. If the conditions are not met, the oxygen supply terminal for the plateau tunnel described in the first aspect is used to supply oxygen to the corresponding detection area and to carry out tunnel construction.

[0014] The technical solution of this invention, by setting up an outer shell, an oxygen storage tank, and an oxygen atomizing mechanism, allows the outer shell to move the oxygen storage tank and the oxygen atomizing mechanism within a low-oxygen plateau tunnel during use. This enables the oxygen atomizing mechanism to supply oxygen to the tunnel. Furthermore, since the entire plateau tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal can move within the tunnel, this invention can supply oxygen to any location within the tunnel, allowing for targeted oxygen supply to different areas. This eliminates the need to supply oxygen to the entire tunnel, reducing oxygen waste and improving oxygen utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-altitude tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a spray-type oxygen supply terminal in a plateau tunnel, as shown in the example. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the atomizing oxygen supply mechanism provided in the diagram; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the plateau tunnel construction method provided by the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Outer shell; 110. Receiving cavity; 200. Oxygen storage tank; 400. Gas valve; 300. Atomizing oxygen supply mechanism; 310. Box; 320. Atomizing oxygen supply component; 330. Nozzle; 321. Buffer assembly; 322. Atomizer; 323. Buffer tube; 324. Wire mesh.

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0022] This invention proposes a spray-type oxygen supply terminal for high-altitude tunnels.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 4For ease of understanding, this high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal includes an outer shell 100, an oxygen storage tank 200, and an atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300. The outer shell 100 has a cavity 110, and a through hole communicating with the cavity 110 is formed on the shell wall of the outer shell 100. The oxygen storage tank 200 is installed in the cavity 110 and stores oxygen. An air valve 400 is installed on the oxygen storage tank 200. The atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 is located outside the outer shell 100 and is connected to the air valve 400 via a pipeline. The atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 can atomize and discharge the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank 200. The atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 passes through the through hole and extends outside the outer shell 100. The outer shell 100 can drive the oxygen storage tank 200 and the atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 to move within the low-oxygen high-altitude tunnel.

[0024] Specifically, an accommodating cavity 110 is formed inside the outer shell 100 for installing the oxygen storage tank 200. A through hole is formed on the shell wall of the outer shell 100, which communicates with the accommodating cavity 110. The design of the through hole allows the oxygen storage tank 200 to be connected to the external environment, facilitating gas exchange and flow.

[0025] An oxygen storage tank 200 is installed within a cavity 110, storing oxygen and controlling its flow via a valve 400. The valve 400 is designed to ensure precise oxygen release when needed, reducing waste, especially in high-altitude environments where oxygen is scarce, thus ensuring efficient oxygen utilization.

[0026] The atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 is located outside the outer casing 100 and is connected to the air valve 400 on the oxygen storage tank 200 via a pipeline. The atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 atomizes the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank 200 and then discharges the atomized oxygen. In this way, oxygen can be distributed more evenly within the tunnel, improving the oxygen supply effect.

[0027] In another embodiment, the outer casing 100 can be constructed from different materials to adapt to different environmental conditions. For example, in a humid high-altitude tunnel environment, a highly corrosion-resistant material can be selected to extend the service life of the equipment. The nozzle 330 of the atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 can also be designed according to the specific size and shape of the tunnel to achieve the best oxygen atomization effect.

[0028] In this embodiment, by setting up an outer shell 100, an oxygen storage tank 200, and an oxygen atomizing mechanism 300, during use, the outer shell 100 drives the oxygen storage tank 200 and the oxygen atomizing mechanism 300 to move within the low-oxygen plateau tunnel, enabling the oxygen atomizing mechanism 300 to supply oxygen to the low-oxygen plateau tunnel. Simultaneously, since the entire plateau tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal can move within the tunnel, this invention can supply oxygen to any location within the plateau tunnel during specific use. This allows for targeted oxygen supply to different areas within the plateau tunnel, eliminating the need to supply oxygen to the entire tunnel, reducing oxygen waste, and improving oxygen utilization.

[0029] In one embodiment, the atomizing oxygen supply mechanism 300 includes a housing 310, an atomizing oxygen supply component 320, and a nozzle 330. The housing 310 has a mounting hole. The atomizing oxygen supply component 320 is installed inside the housing 310 and is connected to the gas valve 400 through a pipeline. The nozzle 330 is installed in the mounting hole and is connected to the atomizing oxygen supply component 320. The nozzle 330 passes through a through hole and extends to the outside of the outer housing 100. The atomizing oxygen supply component 320 can atomize the oxygen discharged through the pipeline into a mist and discharge it from the nozzle 330.

[0030] In this embodiment, the housing 310 houses the atomizing oxygen supply component 320, ensuring that the atomization process takes place in a closed and controlled environment. The mounting holes formed on the housing 310 provide precise positioning for the installation of the nozzle 330, allowing the nozzle 330 to be securely fixed to the housing 310 and preventing loosening in the vibration environment of the high-altitude tunnel.

[0031] The atomizing oxygen supply component 320 is installed inside the housing 310 and is connected to the gas valve 400 on the oxygen storage tank 200 via a pipeline. When the gas valve 400 is opened, oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 200 enters the atomizing oxygen supply component 320 through the pipeline. The atomizing oxygen supply component 320 is equipped with an atomizing device that can atomize the incoming oxygen, converting gaseous oxygen into fine aerosol particles.

[0032] Nozzle 330 is installed in the mounting hole of housing 310 and communicates with atomizing oxygen supply component 320. The atomized oxygen mist is discharged into the tunnel through nozzle 330. The structure of nozzle 330 can further control the spray direction and diffusion range of the mist, ensuring that the atomized oxygen can be evenly distributed in the tunnel space.

[0033] In one embodiment, the atomizing oxygen supply component 320 includes a buffer assembly 321 and an atomizer 322. The buffer assembly 321 is installed inside the housing 310 and is connected to the gas valve 400 through a pipeline. The buffer assembly 321 is used to disperse the oxygen discharged from the gas valve 400. The atomizer 322 is installed inside the housing 310 and is located on one side of the buffer assembly 321. The atomizer 322 is connected to the buffer assembly 321 and the nozzle 330. The atomizer 322 can atomize the oxygen discharged from the buffer assembly 321 and discharge it from the nozzle 330.

[0034] In this embodiment, the buffer assembly 321, as the first-stage unit of oxygen treatment, is installed inside the housing 310 and is directly connected to the pipeline to receive oxygen discharged from the gas valve 400. The main function of the buffer assembly 321 is to disperse the oxygen released from the oxygen storage tank 200 under high pressure, dispersing the concentrated oxygen flow into multiple relatively uniform airflows, thus avoiding pressure shocks and flow instability problems caused when oxygen directly enters the atomizer 322.

[0035] The buffer assembly 321 has an internal flow-dividing structure. When oxygen enters the buffer assembly 321 from the pipeline, the flow-dividing structure disperses the oxygen into multiple smaller airflow channels. This dispersion effectively reduces the oxygen flow rate, allowing the oxygen to reach a relatively stable pressure and flow rate before entering the atomizer 322. The dispersion function of the buffer assembly 321 plays a crucial role in improving the subsequent atomization effect, ensuring that the atomizer 322 can perform oxygen atomization under stable operating conditions.

[0036] Atomizer 322 is installed inside housing 310, located on one side of buffer assembly 321, and communicates with buffer assembly 321 to receive dispersed oxygen. Atomizer 322 is also connected to nozzle 330, forming a complete oxygen atomization and exhaust channel. Atomizer 322 contains an atomizing device that atomizes the oxygen discharged from buffer assembly 321, converting gaseous oxygen into fine atomized particles. The atomized oxygen is then discharged into the tunnel through nozzle 330, which communicates with atomizer 322.

[0037] In one embodiment, the buffer assembly 321 includes a buffer tube 323 and a plurality of wire mesh sheets 324. A spiral buffer cavity is formed inside the buffer tube 323, which extends along a first direction. The buffer tube 323 is connected to the air valve 400 through a pipeline, and the plurality of wire mesh sheets 324 are installed at intervals in the buffer cavity along the first direction.

[0038] In this embodiment, the buffer tube 323 constitutes the main structure of the buffer assembly 321, and the spiral buffer chamber formed inside provides a specific flow path for the buffering treatment of oxygen. The buffer chamber extends along a first direction, which is typically the oxygen flow direction from the gas valve 400 to the atomizer 322, ensuring that the oxygen can be buffered along a predetermined path.

[0039] The buffer tube 323 is connected to the gas valve 400 on the oxygen storage tank 200 via a pipeline. When the gas valve 400 is opened, the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 200 enters the buffer chamber of the buffer tube 323 through the pipeline. The spiral structure of the buffer chamber significantly extends the flow path of oxygen in the buffer tube 323. Compared with a straight channel, the spiral structure can effectively reduce the oxygen flow rate and generate multiple changes in direction through the bending of the path, thereby achieving the buffering and pressure stabilization effect on the oxygen flow.

[0040] Multiple wire mesh sheets 324 are installed at intervals along a first direction within the buffer chamber, forming a multi-stage buffer structure. The wire mesh sheets 324 have a porous structure, and when oxygen flows through them, the originally concentrated oxygen flow is dispersed into multiple fine airflow streams. Each wire mesh sheet 324 serves to divert and reduce pressure; oxygen is initially dispersed after passing through the first wire mesh sheet 324, then continues to flow within the spiral buffer chamber, and is further dispersed and stabilized upon passing through the next wire mesh sheet 324.

[0041] The spaced installation of the wire mesh sheets 324 ensures sufficient buffer space between each pair of wire mesh sheets 324, allowing the oxygen dispersed by the previous wire mesh sheet 324 to be re-rectified within the spiral buffer chamber before further dispersion through the next wire mesh sheet 324. This multi-stage dispersion and buffering process gradually depressurizes and evenly disperses the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 200, ultimately forming a stable and uniformly distributed oxygen flow to the atomizer 322.

[0042] In one embodiment, the wire mesh 324 is a stainless steel wire mesh.

[0043] In this embodiment, the wire mesh 324 is made of stainless steel. Stainless steel wire mesh has excellent corrosion resistance and can effectively resist oxidation reactions that may occur in oxygen-rich environments. In high-altitude tunnel environments, due to humidity changes and temperature fluctuations, ordinary metal materials are prone to oxidation and corrosion, leading to damage to the mesh structure and a decrease in dispersion effect. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel wire mesh ensures that the wire mesh 324 maintains its structural integrity in working environments with long-term contact with oxygen, avoiding problems such as mesh blockage or mesh damage caused by material corrosion.

[0044] Stainless steel wire mesh has high mechanical strength, enabling it to withstand the impact of oxygen flow without deformation. When high-pressure oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 200 enters the buffer chamber through the pipeline, the oxygen flow exerts a certain impact force on the wire mesh 324. The high strength of the stainless steel wire mesh ensures that the mesh maintains a stable geometric shape and mesh structure under the impact of the oxygen flow, maintaining a stable dispersion effect. At the same time, the elastic properties of stainless steel allow the mesh to quickly recover its original shape after being impacted, avoiding a decrease in dispersion performance due to deformation.

[0045] The smooth surface of stainless steel wire mesh reduces resistance loss as oxygen flows through it. The smooth surface lowers frictional resistance between oxygen and the mesh surface, improving oxygen flow efficiency and reducing pressure loss due to excessive resistance. This characteristic plays a positive role in maintaining oxygen flow stability and improving overall oxygen supply efficiency.

[0046] In one embodiment, the wire diameter of the wire mesh 324 is A, wherein 0.1mm≤A≤0.4mm.

[0047] In this embodiment, the wire diameter of the wire mesh 324 is controlled within the range of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm. When the wire diameter is 0.1 mm, the wire mesh 324 has a finer wire diameter, which can form a relatively small mesh structure. The fine wire diameter of the wire mesh 324 provides a more refined dispersion effect on the oxygen flow, dispersing the oxygen entering the buffer chamber from the oxygen storage tank 200 through the pipeline into more fine airflow jets. This refined dispersion effect helps to improve the uniformity of oxygen, resulting in a more stable flow distribution of oxygen processed by the buffer component 321. At the same time, the 0.1 mm wire diameter ensures that the wire has sufficient strength to withstand the impact of the oxygen flow, avoiding wire breakage caused by excessively fine wire diameter.

[0048] When the wire diameter is 0.4 mm, the wire mesh 324 has a relatively large wire diameter, forming a relatively large mesh structure. The larger wire diameter of the wire mesh 324 provides higher mechanical strength, enabling it to withstand greater oxygen flow impacts without deformation or damage. In the initial stage of high-pressure oxygen release, the larger wire provides better structural stability, ensuring the mesh maintains its complete geometry under intense oxygen flow impacts. Simultaneously, the 0.4 mm wire diameter allows for appropriate mesh size, achieving effective oxygen dispersion without generating excessive flow resistance.

[0049] Within a wire diameter range of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, wire mesh 324 achieves an optimal balance between dispersion effect and mechanical strength. While excessively fine wire diameters provide finer dispersion, they may break under high-pressure oxygen impact due to insufficient strength; conversely, excessively thick wire diameters, while offering higher strength, may reduce dispersion due to overly large mesh openings. This wire diameter range ensures that wire mesh 324 possesses both sufficient strength to withstand working loads and ideal oxygen dispersion performance.

[0050] In one embodiment, the spacing between any two adjacent wire mesh panels 324 is B, wherein 3mm≤B≤8mm.

[0051] In this embodiment, the spacing between any two adjacent wire mesh sheets 324 is controlled within the range of 3mm to 8mm. When the spacing between adjacent wire mesh sheets 324 is 3mm, a relatively tight arrangement is formed between the wire mesh sheets 324. The smaller spacing allows oxygen to reach the next wire mesh sheet 324 within a shorter distance after passing through the first wire mesh sheet 324. This tight arrangement facilitates a more refined graded dispersion effect, as the oxygen flow, after initial dispersion by the previous wire mesh sheet 324, is further dispersed by the next wire mesh sheet 324 before it has fully diffused. The 3mm spacing ensures that oxygen has sufficient space between adjacent mesh sheets for initial pressure adjustment and flow redistribution, while avoiding excessive flow resistance caused by too small a spacing.

[0052] When the spacing between adjacent wire mesh sheets 324 is 8mm, a relatively loose arrangement is formed between the wire mesh sheets 324. The larger spacing provides ample buffer space for oxygen between adjacent sheets, allowing the oxygen dispersed by the previous wire mesh sheet 324 to fully diffuse and re-rectify within the spiral buffer chamber. The 8mm spacing allows the oxygen flow to achieve relatively complete pressure balance and flow rate adjustment before reaching the next wire mesh sheet 324. This sufficient buffering process helps reduce oxygen flow pulsation and instability, improving the overall buffering effect.

[0053] Within a spacing range of 3mm to 8mm, the optimal balance between dispersion and buffering effects can be achieved between adjacent wire mesh sheets 324. While a spacing that is too small provides denser dispersion, insufficient buffering space may lead to excessive oxygen flow resistance, affecting overall flow efficiency. Conversely, a spacing that is too large provides ample buffering space, but insufficient dispersion stages may reduce the overall dispersion effect. This spacing range ensures that oxygen is adequately buffered between each pair of adjacent mesh sheets while maintaining an appropriate dispersion density.

[0054] After oxygen enters the spiral buffer chamber of the buffer tube 323 from the oxygen storage tank 200 via pipeline, it first encounters the first wire mesh 324 for initial dispersion, and then flows along a spiral path within a spacing of 3mm to 8mm. During this period, the pressure and flow rate of the oxygen flow are adjusted, and then it reaches the second wire mesh 324 for further dispersion. This process is repeated among multiple wire meshes 324, ultimately achieving sufficient buffering and uniform dispersion of oxygen.

[0055] In one embodiment, the mesh count of the wire mesh 324 is C, wherein 30 mesh ≤ C ≤ 50 mesh.

[0056] In this embodiment, the mesh count of the wire mesh 324 is controlled within the range of 30 to 50 meshes. When the mesh count of the wire mesh 324 is 30 meshes, the mesh has a relatively large mesh size, containing 30 meshes per square inch. The larger mesh size results in relatively less resistance to the oxygen flow when passing through the wire mesh 324, which is beneficial for maintaining oxygen flow efficiency. The 30-mesh mesh can moderately disperse the high-pressure oxygen entering the buffer chamber from the oxygen storage tank 200 through the pipeline, breaking the concentrated oxygen flow into multiple medium-sized airflow jets. This moderate dispersion can achieve effective pressure buffering without generating excessive flow resistance, making it particularly suitable for handling large-flow oxygen supply demands.

[0057] When the wire mesh 324 has a mesh count of 50, it has a relatively small mesh size, containing 50 mesh openings per square inch. This smaller mesh size allows for stronger dispersion of the oxygen flow as it passes through the wire mesh 324, breaking it down into more fine airflow streams. The 50-mesh mesh achieves a fine oxygen dispersion effect, resulting in a more uniform flow distribution and more stable pressure characteristics for the treated oxygen. This fine dispersion is particularly beneficial for improving the efficiency and atomization quality of the subsequent atomizer 322.

[0058] Within the mesh size range of 30 to 50, wire mesh 324 achieves an optimal balance between dispersion and flow resistance. While a mesh size that is too low can reduce flow resistance, it may result in insufficient dispersion due to excessively large mesh openings, failing to effectively buffer the impact of high-pressure oxygen. Conversely, a mesh size that is too high, while providing finer dispersion, may generate excessive flow resistance due to excessively small mesh openings, affecting oxygen supply efficiency. This mesh size range ensures that wire mesh 324 provides both effective oxygen dispersion and buffering while maintaining reasonable flow performance.

[0059] When oxygen passes through a 30- to 50-mesh steel wire mesh 324, the originally concentrated airflow is forcibly dispersed into multiple parallel fine streams by the mesh structure. Each mesh opening acts as a miniature diverter, locally dispersing and reducing the pressure of the oxygen passing through it. The synergistic effect of multiple mesh openings allows the entire steel wire mesh 324 to comprehensively and uniformly disperse the oxygen flow. Combined with wire diameters of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm and spacing of 3 mm to 8 mm between adjacent meshes, this range of mesh sizes allows the steel wire mesh 324 to form a highly efficient multi-stage dispersion system within a spiral buffer chamber.

[0060] In one embodiment, the gas valve 400 is a three-way valve, and the oxygen storage tank 200 can be connected to an external oxygen generation system through the three-way valve.

[0061] Specifically, the three-way valve has three connection ports: a first port, a second port, and a third port. The first port connects to the outlet of the oxygen storage tank 200, establishing a gas flow channel between the oxygen storage tank 200 and the three-way valve. The second port connects to the inlet of the pipeline, allowing oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 200 to flow into the pipeline via the three-way valve and then be delivered to the spiral buffer chamber of the buffer tube 323. The third port connects to the output of the external oxygen generation system, establishing a supplementary gas supply channel between the external oxygen generation system and the oxygen storage tank 200.

[0062] When the oxygen pressure in the oxygen storage tank 200 is sufficient, the valve core of the three-way valve is in the first working position, with the first port connected to the second port and the third port closed. At this time, the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 200 flows directly into the pipeline through the three-way valve, and after being processed by the buffer component 321, it is supplied to the nebulizer 322. In this working mode, the system relies on the pre-stored oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 200 for normal oxygen supply, and the three-way valve ensures a stable flow of oxygen from the oxygen storage tank 200 to the pipeline.

[0063] When the oxygen pressure in the oxygen storage tank 200 decreases or oxygen replenishment is needed, the valve core of the three-way valve can switch to the second working position, with the first port connected to the third port and the second port closed. At this time, oxygen generated by the external oxygen generator flows into the oxygen storage tank 200 through the three-way valve, replenishing the oxygen in the tank. The external oxygen generator can be a molecular sieve oxygen generator, an electrolytic oxygen generator, or other types of oxygen generator. Through the switching operation of the three-way valve, oxygen replenishment of the oxygen storage tank 200 can be completed without interrupting system operation.

[0064] The three-way valve can also operate in a third working position, where the first, second, and third ports are simultaneously connected. In this operating mode, oxygen generated by the external oxygen generator can flow simultaneously to the oxygen storage tank 200 and the pipeline, achieving parallel operation of oxygen replenishment and supply. When the oxygen production capacity of the external oxygen generator is sufficient, it can maintain normal oxygen supply function while replenishing oxygen to the oxygen storage tank 200, improving the system's efficiency and continuity.

[0065] The valve core switching of the three-way valve can be achieved through manual operation, electric drive, or pneumatic control. Manual operation is suitable for occasional maintenance and replenishment, where the operator can manually adjust the working position of the three-way valve according to the pressure status of the oxygen storage tank 200. Electric drive is suitable for highly automated systems, which can monitor the pressure of the oxygen storage tank 200 through a pressure sensor, and automatically switch the three-way valve to the replenishment position when the pressure is lower than the set value.

[0066] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a method for constructing low-oxygen plateau tunnels, which applies the plateau tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal described in the first aspect. The method for constructing low-oxygen plateau tunnels includes the following steps: S100. Divide the low-oxygen plateau tunnel into multiple array-distributed detection areas, collect the real-time oxygen content in each detection area, and simultaneously collect the data of the workers in each detection area.

[0067] In step S100, the low-oxygen plateau tunnel is divided into multiple arrayed detection zones according to a preset spatial division scheme. Each detection zone has a clear spatial boundary and location coordinates, forming a monitoring grid covering the entire tunnel space. The division of detection zones takes into account the tunnel's length, width, height, and the characteristics of construction operations, ensuring that each zone can be effectively monitored and covered by oxygen supply. Oxygen concentration sensors are deployed in each detection zone to collect real-time oxygen content data within that zone. The oxygen concentration sensors use electrochemical or optical sensors, capable of accurately measuring the volume fraction of oxygen in the air with a measurement accuracy of 0.1%. Simultaneously, personnel detection devices are deployed in each detection zone to collect data on workers, including the number of personnel, their location distribution, and their work status. The personnel detection devices can use infrared sensors, video monitoring systems, or wearable positioning devices to ensure accurate identification and statistics of workers within the zone.

[0068] S200. Based on the collected worker data, when there are workers in any of the detection areas, determine whether the real-time oxygen content in the corresponding detection area meets the workers' usage needs.

[0069] In step S200, the system performs real-time analysis and judgment based on the collected personnel data. The personnel data is transmitted to the central control system via a wireless communication network, and the control system continuously monitors the personnel status in each detection area. When personnel are detected in any detection area, the system immediately initiates the oxygen demand assessment program for that area. The judgment criteria for personnel detection include conditions such as a personnel count greater than zero, personnel dwell time exceeding a preset threshold, and personnel being in an active working state. The system can distinguish between different types of personnel activities, such as normal passage, short stays, and continuous work, and determine the corresponding oxygen demand level based on different activity types.

[0070] The system determines whether the real-time oxygen content within the corresponding detection area meets the needs of the workers. This determination is based on multiple factors, including the number of workers, work intensity, ambient temperature, and altitude. In high-altitude environments, normal oxygen concentrations should be maintained above 18%, and above 19% during heavy physical labor. The system compares the real-time oxygen content data with preset demand standards. If the measured oxygen concentration is lower than the demand standard, it is determined that the needs are not met. The judgment process also considers the trend of oxygen concentration changes. When the oxygen concentration shows a downward trend and is expected to fall below the safety threshold, the system initiates the oxygen supply preparation procedure in advance.

[0071] S300. If the conditions are not met, the oxygen supply terminal for the plateau tunnel described in the first aspect shall be used to supply oxygen to the corresponding detection area and to carry out tunnel construction.

[0072] In step S300, when the oxygen content is determined to be insufficient for the operator's needs, the system utilizes a high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal to supply oxygen to the corresponding detection area. The oxygen storage tank of the supply terminal is connected to a pipeline via a valve, and oxygen is delivered through the pipeline to the spiral buffer chamber of the buffer tube. Inside the buffer chamber, multiple wire mesh sheets disperse and buffer the oxygen. The wire diameter of the wire mesh sheets is 0.1mm to 0.4mm, the spacing between adjacent mesh sheets is 3mm to 8mm, and the mesh size is 30 to 50 meshes. The buffered oxygen is then delivered to an atomizer, which converts the oxygen into fine atomized particles and sprays them onto the target detection area. During the oxygen supply process, the system continuously monitors the oxygen concentration changes in the area. When the oxygen concentration reaches a safe standard, the oxygen supply is gradually reduced and eventually stopped.

[0073] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal, characterized in that, include: An outer shell, wherein a receiving cavity is formed within the outer shell, and a through hole communicating with the receiving cavity is formed on the shell wall of the outer shell; An oxygen storage tank, installed in the receiving cavity, containing oxygen, and equipped with an air valve; and... An oxygen atomizing mechanism is provided outside the outer shell. The oxygen atomizing mechanism is connected to the gas valve through a pipeline. The oxygen atomizing mechanism passes through the through hole and extends outside the outer shell. The oxygen atomizing mechanism can atomize and discharge the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank. The outer shell can drive the oxygen storage tank and the oxygen atomizing mechanism to move inside the low-oxygen plateau tunnel.

2. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The atomized oxygen supply mechanism includes: The housing has mounting holes formed thereon; An oxygen atomizing component, wherein the oxygen atomizing component is installed inside the housing, and the oxygen atomizing component is connected to the gas valve via the pipeline; and... The nozzle is installed in the mounting hole and communicates with the atomizing oxygen supply component. The nozzle passes through the through hole and extends to the outer shell. The atomizing oxygen supply component can atomize the oxygen discharged through the pipeline into a mist and discharge it from the nozzle.

3. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The atomizing oxygen supply component includes: A buffer assembly, installed within the housing, connected to the gas valve via the piping, is used to disperse oxygen discharged from the gas valve; and... Atomizer is installed inside the housing and located on one side of the buffer assembly. The atomizer is connected to the buffer assembly and the nozzle. The atomizer can atomize the oxygen discharged from the buffer assembly and discharge it from the nozzle.

4. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The buffer component includes: A buffer tube, wherein a spiral buffer cavity is formed within the buffer tube, the buffer cavity extending along a first direction, and the buffer tube is connected to the air valve via the pipeline; and, Multiple wire mesh panels are installed at intervals along a first direction within the buffer cavity.

5. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The wire mesh is made of stainless steel.

6. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The wire diameter of the wire mesh is A, where 0.1mm ≤ A ≤ 0.4mm.

7. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The spacing between any two adjacent wire mesh panels is B, where 3mm ≤ B ≤ 8mm.

8. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The mesh size of the wire mesh is C, where 30 mesh ≤ C ≤ 50 mesh.

9. The high-altitude tunnel spray-type oxygen supply terminal as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The valve is a three-way valve, and the oxygen storage tank can be connected to an external oxygen generation system through the three-way valve.

10. A method for constructing tunnels in low-oxygen high-altitude areas, characterized in that, Apply the high-altitude tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The method for constructing low-oxygen plateau tunnels includes the following steps: The hypoxic plateau tunnel is divided into multiple array-distributed detection areas, and the real-time oxygen content in each detection area is collected, along with the data of the workers in each detection area. Based on the collected worker data, when there are workers in any of the detection areas, it is determined whether the real-time oxygen content in the corresponding detection area meets the workers' usage needs. If the conditions are not met, the plateau tunnel spray oxygen supply terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to supply oxygen to the corresponding detection area and to carry out tunnel construction.

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