Tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor, and relates to the technical field of laser monitoring. Reflecting lenses are arranged in a tunnel at equal intervals and matched with the laser sensor to monitor tunnel deformation. According to the tunnel deformation monitoring device based on the laser sensor, the cleaning mechanism adopts a wet wiping and dry wiping combined cleaning mode, wet wiping cotton can efficiently dissolve stubborn oil stains and viscous pollutants on the surface of a lens, dry wiping cotton can quickly wipe dry residual moisture and fine dust, thorough removal of the pollutants is achieved, it is ensured that the surface of the lens is clean and dry, and the quality of the lens is improved. Through precise meshing of the bevel gear and the annular rack, 180-degree stable overturning of the cleaning component is achieved, smooth switching between wet wiping and dry wiping is guaranteed, the stability of laser transmission is fundamentally guaranteed, the cleaning process can be started without manual intervention, the manual cleaning cost and the safety risk are greatly reduced, and the cleaning efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, measurement deviation accumulation caused by untimely manual cleaning is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser monitoring technology, specifically to a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor. Background Technology

[0002] As a core infrastructure in underground transportation, water conservancy, and municipal engineering, the structural stability of tunnels directly affects traffic safety and the operational lifespan of the project. During long-term service, tunnels are susceptible to deformation phenomena such as arch settlement, sidewall convergence, and lining cracking due to multiple factors including geological activity, train loads, and environmental erosion. Failure to monitor and warn in a timely manner may lead to major safety accidents such as collapses.

[0003] The reference patent is titled: "A Tunnel Deformation Monitoring System and Method Based on Laser Displacement Detection Device" (Patent Publication No.: CN113340225A, Patent Publication Date: 2021-09-03). It employs a tunnel relative spatial coordinate system. A reference device is set up and fixedly installed at the top or side wall of one end of the tunnel. Several displacement detection devices are set up and fixedly installed at equal intervals at the top or side wall of the middle section of the tunnel, forming a tunnel deformation monitoring and measurement system with a monitoring reference point. The displacement data detected by all displacement detection devices in the tunnel relative spatial coordinate system are transmitted to the main station. The main station calculates and transforms the displacement data in the tunnel relative spatial coordinate system, ultimately converting it into the spatial deformation amount of the tunnel installation point corresponding to each displacement detection device.

[0004] Based on the description in the above document, when existing laser sensors perform monitoring operations, due to the influence of environmental factors in tunnels, the surface of their lenses is easily contaminated with pollutants such as dust, water mist, or oil, which weakens the intensity of laser emission and reception or causes deviations in the laser monitoring refraction angle, resulting in inaccurate measurement data. Current monitoring devices fail to perform timely cleaning operations. Therefore, this invention provides a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor, which solves the problems of decreased monitoring accuracy caused by lens contamination during existing laser sensor monitoring operations, as well as the problem of untimely cleaning of contaminants.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor, comprising a mounting frame installed on the inner ring of the tunnel, a control frame on the top of the mounting frame, a control panel mounted on the front protrusion of the control frame, and a rotating component between the control frames to rotate the laser sensor. Reflective mirrors are equidistantly arranged within the tunnel to cooperate with the laser sensor in monitoring tunnel deformation. A cleaning mechanism is provided on the laser sensor for cleaning adhering substances from the lens, and the cleaning mechanism includes:

[0007] The power box is mounted on top of the laser sensor, and the drive unit is installed inside the power box;

[0008] The cleaning unit includes a movable plate and a cover plate fixed together. A processing groove is provided on the rear side of the cover plate, and a transmission groove is provided on the front side of the cover plate and inside the movable plate. An auxiliary shaft is rotatably mounted on the cover plate. The auxiliary shaft is driven to rotate by a drive component and a transmission component. The auxiliary shaft is provided with a telescopic part on the end face of the processing groove so that the fixed block can extend or retract toward the lens. A switching component is provided on the fixed block so that the mounting plate can rotate. Wet wiping cotton and dry wiping cotton are respectively installed on the opposite sides of the mounting plate to realize the front and rear cleaning operations of the lens.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating component includes a servo motor fixedly mounted on the side of the control frame, and one end of the output shaft of the servo motor is fixed to a servo rotating shaft via a coupling, while one end of the servo rotating shaft passes through the control frame and extends to be fixed to the side of the housing of the laser sensor, and the side of the housing opposite the laser sensor rotates with the side wall of the control frame via a support rod.

[0010] Preferably, the driving element includes:

[0011] The square frame moves left and right inside the power box via a first sliding member, while the right side of the square frame is driven by a pneumatic component to complete the left and right movement operation.

[0012] The drive motor is installed inside the square frame, and one end of the drive motor output shaft is connected and fixed to the drive shaft. The front side of the square frame is fixed to the moving plate through the connecting plate to achieve synchronous movement. The drive shaft extends through the connecting plate and the moving plate and rotates relative to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the first sliding member includes a horizontal strip fixedly installed on the top of the power box, and the bottom of the square frame is provided with a horizontal groove that matches the horizontal strip. That is, when the square frame moves, it maintains left and right lateral movement by sliding the horizontal strip and the horizontal groove together, and the horizontal groove does not detach from the horizontal strip.

[0014] Preferably, the pneumatic component includes a cylinder fixedly installed on the right side of the inner wall of the power box, and a piston rod is slidably connected inside the cylinder, with one end of the piston rod connected and fixed to the right side of the square frame.

[0015] Preferably, the transmission component includes transmission wheels that are fixedly mounted on the drive shaft and the auxiliary drive shaft respectively, and the surfaces of the transmission wheels are connected by a transmission belt, with both the transmission wheels and the transmission belt located at the transmission groove to achieve transmission.

[0016] Preferably, the telescopic part includes:

[0017] The cleaning shaft is fixed at one end to the opposite side of the fixed block, and the auxiliary shaft has a placement groove at the end face of the cleaning shaft. The other end of the cleaning shaft extends into the placement groove and the cleaning shaft and the auxiliary shaft rotate synchronously through a second sliding member. A return spring is installed between the cleaning shaft and the opposite side of the placement groove, and the elastic force of the return spring under the influence of no external force causes the cleaning shaft to move toward the placement groove.

[0018] An extension plate is mounted on the surface of the cleaning shaft via a rotating bearing, and extends through to the connection point of the corresponding processing groove of the moving plate. An abutment is provided at the end of the extension plate to control the movement of the cleaning shaft during the movement process.

[0019] Preferably, the second sliding member includes longitudinal strips symmetrically fixed at the arc surface of the cleaning shaft, and the interior of the placement groove is provided with a longitudinal groove adapted to the longitudinal strip. The longitudinal strip slides in the longitudinal groove to adapt to the movement of the abutment member when it changes, and the longitudinal strip does not leave the longitudinal groove to maintain the synchronous rotation of the cleaning shaft and the auxiliary shaft.

[0020] Preferably, the abutment includes:

[0021] The actuating rod has one end fixed to the side of the extension plate, and the other end passes through the moving plate and extends to the outside of the moving plate and is fixedly connected to a sleeve post. A freely rolling ball is installed on the side of the sleeve post facing the laser sensor.

[0022] The trapezoidal block is fixedly installed on the housing of the laser sensor, and is positioned directly above and slightly to the left of the laser sensor lens. The inclined surface of the trapezoidal block is arc-shaped. When the ball of the sleeve moves towards the trapezoidal block, until the ball moves to contact the left arc surface of the trapezoidal block, the sleeve, carrying the abutment rod and extension plate, moves synchronously away from the laser sensor. When the ball moves to the flat surface of the trapezoidal block, the sleeve maintains its position and moves a certain distance. When the ball moves to the right arc surface of the trapezoidal block and disengages, the center of the cleaning shaft corresponds to the center of the laser sensor lens, and at the same time, the wet or dry wiping cotton comes into contact with the laser sensor lens.

[0023] Multiple abutment springs are installed at equal intervals on opposite sides of the corresponding processing slots of the extension plate and the moving plate. The elastic force, unaffected by external forces, causes the extension plate to move toward the laser sensor.

[0024] Preferably, the switching component includes:

[0025] The extension rod is fixed at one end to the side of the mounting plate, and at the other end it passes through the fixing block and rotates with the fixing block through a rotating bearing. A bevel gear is installed at the other end of the extension rod.

[0026] The ring rack is fixedly installed at the lower edge of the inner cavity of the treatment groove in the cover plate, and the bevel gear rotates 180 degrees from the moment it starts to contact the ring rack until it leaves the contact area.

[0027] This invention provides a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0028] 1. This tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser sensors employs a combination of wet and dry wiping in its cleaning mechanism. The wet wiping cotton efficiently dissolves stubborn oil and sticky contaminants on the lens surface, while the dry wiping cotton quickly removes residual moisture and fine dust, achieving thorough removal of contaminants and ensuring a clean and dry lens surface. Through the precise meshing of conical gears and ring racks, the cleaning components can be stably rotated 180 degrees, ensuring smooth switching between wet and dry wiping. This fundamentally guarantees the stability of laser transmission. Furthermore, the cleaning process can be initiated without manual intervention, significantly reducing the cost and safety risks of manual cleaning, while also avoiding the accumulation of measurement deviations caused by untimely manual cleaning.

[0029] 2. This tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser sensors achieves flexible attitude adjustment of the laser sensors through rotating components. The servo motor drives the servo shaft to rotate precisely, causing the laser sensors to adjust their angle stably in the horizontal direction. In conjunction with the reflective mirrors that are equidistantly arranged in the tunnel, it can achieve comprehensive coverage monitoring of key parts such as the tunnel arch, sidewalls, and lining interfaces. This completely solves the problems of fixed monitoring angles and blind spots in traditional devices, ensuring that no deformation hazards in any area of ​​the tunnel are missed.

[0030] 3. This tunnel deformation monitoring device based on laser sensors achieves precise alignment between the cleaning component and the lens through the cooperation of the abutment component and the trapezoidal block. The elastic structure of the telescopic part ensures flexible contact between the cleaning component and the lens surface, which not only guarantees the cleaning force but also avoids scratches to the lens from hard contact, thus extending the service life of the sensor. In addition, through the cooperation of the driving component, the device completes the positioning of the lens and simultaneously realizes the subsequent cleaning operation of the lens, thereby improving the device's anti-pollution and anti-interference capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotating component of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the laser sensor of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the power box of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the driving component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the movable plate of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission component of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the telescopic part of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural exploded view of the telescopic part of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switching component of the present invention.

[0041] In the diagram: 1-Mounting bracket, 2-Control bracket, 3-Control panel, 4-Rotating component, 41-Servo motor, 42-Servo shaft, 5-Laser sensor, 6-Driver, 61-Square frame, 62-First sliding component, 621-Horizontal strip, 622-Horizontal groove, 63-Pneumatic component, 631-Cylinder, 632-Piston rod, 64-Drive motor, 65-Drive shaft, 7-Cleaning section, 71-Moving plate, 72-Cover plate, 73-Processing tank, 74-Transmission tank, 75-Transmission component, 751-Transmission wheel, 752- 76-Drive belt, 77-Auxiliary shaft, 78-Fixing block, 79-Switching assembly, 70-Extension rod, 710-Bevel gear, 72-Annular rack, 73-Mounting plate, 74-Wet wiping cotton, 75-Dry wiping cotton, 8-Telescopic part, 86-Cleaning shaft, 87-Placement groove, 88-Second sliding part, 89-Longitudinal bar, 80-Longitudinal groove, 81-Reset spring, 82-Extension plate, 83-Abutting part, 84-Abutting rod, 85-Sleeve, 86-Trapezoidal block, 864-Abutting spring, 9-Power box. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Please see Figures 1-10 This invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor, comprising a mounting frame 1 installed in the inner ring of the tunnel, and a control frame 2 provided on the top of the mounting frame 1. The control frame 2 and the mounting frame 1 are controlled by a power component that enables horizontal rotation, thereby achieving horizontal rotation of the control frame 2 relative to the mounting frame 1. A control panel 3 is installed on the front protrusion of the control frame 2, and a rotating component 4 is used to rotate the laser sensor 5 between the control frames 2. Reflective mirrors are equidistantly arranged inside the tunnel to cooperate with the laser sensor 5 in monitoring tunnel deformation. The laser sensor 5 is provided with a cleaning mechanism for cleaning adhering substances on the lens, and the cleaning mechanism includes:

[0044] The power box 9 is mounted on top of the laser sensor 5, and the drive unit 6 is installed inside the power box 9;

[0045] The cleaning unit 7 includes a movable plate 71 and a cover plate 72 fixed together. A processing groove 73 is provided on the rear side of the cover plate 72, and a transmission groove 74 is provided on the front side of the cover plate 72 and inside the movable plate 71. An auxiliary shaft 76 is rotatably mounted on the cover plate 72. The auxiliary shaft 76 is driven to rotate by the drive component 6 and the transmission component 75. The auxiliary shaft 76 is provided with a telescopic part 8 on the end face of the processing groove 73, which allows the fixed block 77 to extend and retract toward the lens. A switching component 78 is provided on the fixed block 77, which allows the mounting plate 79 to rotate. A wet wiping cotton 710 and a dry wiping cotton 711 are respectively installed on the opposite side of the mounting plate 79 to realize the front and rear cleaning operations of the lens.

[0046] The cleaning mechanism employs a combination of wet and dry wiping. The wet wiping sponge 710 efficiently dissolves stubborn oil and sticky contaminants on the lens surface, while the dry wiping sponge 711 quickly wipes away residual moisture and fine dust, achieving thorough removal of contaminants and ensuring a clean and dry lens surface. The precise meshing of the bevel gear 782 and the ring rack 783 enables a stable 180-degree rotation of the cleaning components, ensuring smooth switching between wet and dry wiping. This fundamentally guarantees the stability of laser transmission, and the cleaning process can be started without manual intervention, significantly reducing the cost and safety risks of manual cleaning while avoiding the accumulation of measurement deviations caused by untimely manual cleaning.

[0047] The mounting frame 1 must be fixed to a section of the tunnel with a stable structure and no obvious deformation risks, preferably at the tunnel arch waist or upper sidewall, to ensure that the mounting frame 1 fits tightly against the tunnel lining structure. During installation, expansion bolts are used to penetrate the reserved holes in the mounting frame 1. After tightening, the control frame 2 is calibrated with a level to ensure that it is in a horizontal state. The installation of the reflective lenses must match the monitoring range of the laser sensor 5: a set of reflective lenses is arranged every 5-10m along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. Each set of lenses includes three target points: the arch top, the left side wall, and the right side wall, which correspond to the key parts of the tunnel that are prone to deformation.

[0048] Laser sensor 5 employs pulsed laser ranging technology. It emits a laser beam towards a pre-set reflector. The laser beam is reflected back to the receiver of laser sensor 5. By calculating the time difference between laser emission and reception, and combining this with the laser propagation speed, laser sensor 5 accurately measures the distance between itself and the reflector. When the tunnel experiences deformations such as arch settlement or sidewall convergence, the position of the reflector shifts synchronously with the tunnel structure, causing a change in the distance measured by laser sensor 5. Laser sensor 5 transmits the real-time distance data to the processing module of control panel 3. The processing module compares the initial distance data with the real-time measurement data to analyze the amount and trend of tunnel deformation. If the deformation exceeds a preset threshold, control panel 3 activates an early warning mechanism, enabling real-time monitoring and risk warning of tunnel deformation.

[0049] The rotating component 4 includes a servo motor 41 fixedly mounted on the side of the control frame 2, and one end of the output shaft of the servo motor 41 is fixed to a servo rotating shaft 42 by a coupling. One end of the servo rotating shaft 42 passes through the control frame 2 and extends to be fixed to the side of the housing of the laser sensor 5. The side of the housing opposite the laser sensor 5 rotates with the side wall of the control frame 2 by a support rod.

[0050] The laser sensor 5 can be flexibly adjusted by rotating component 4. Servo motor 41 drives servo shaft 42 to rotate precisely, which drives laser sensor 5 to adjust its angle stably in the horizontal direction. With the help of reflective lenses that are equidistantly arranged in the tunnel, it can achieve comprehensive coverage monitoring of key parts such as tunnel arch, sidewalls, and lining interfaces. This completely solves the problems of fixed monitoring angle and blind spots in traditional devices, ensuring that no deformation hazards in various areas of the tunnel are missed.

[0051] Please see Figures 4-5 In this embodiment of the invention, the driving component 6 includes:

[0052] The square frame 61 moves left and right inside the power box 9 via the first sliding member 62, while the right side of the square frame 61 is driven by the pneumatic member 63 to complete the left and right movement operation.

[0053] The drive motor 64 is installed inside the square frame 61, and one end of the output shaft of the drive motor 64 is connected and fixed to the drive shaft 65. The front side of the square frame 61 is fixed to the moving plate 71 through the connecting plate 66 to achieve synchronous movement. The drive shaft 65 extends through the connecting plate 66 and the moving plate 71 and rotates relative to each other.

[0054] Please see Figure 5 In this embodiment of the invention, the first sliding member 62 includes a horizontal strip 621 fixedly installed on the top of the power box 9, and the bottom of the square frame 61 is provided with a horizontal groove 622 adapted to the horizontal strip 621. That is, when the square frame 61 moves, it maintains the left and right side movement by sliding the horizontal strip 621 and the horizontal groove 622, and the horizontal groove 622 does not detach from the horizontal strip 621.

[0055] Please see Figure 5 In this embodiment of the invention, the pneumatic component 63 includes a cylinder 631 fixedly installed on the right side of the inner wall of the power box 9, and a piston rod 632 is slidably connected inside the cylinder 631, and one end of the piston rod 632 is connected and fixed to the right side of the square frame 61.

[0056] Among them, the servo motor 41, cylinder 631, drive motor 64, and laser sensor 5 are connected to the control module inside the control panel 3 through dedicated lines. The parameters are initialized through the touch screen of the control panel 3: input tunnel cross-section dimensions, reflector installation coordinates, monitoring threshold, cleaning cycle, and laser transmission efficiency warning value.

[0057] Please see Figures 6-7 In this embodiment of the invention, the transmission component 75 includes a transmission wheel 751 that is fixedly installed on the drive shaft 65 and the auxiliary drive shaft 76 respectively, and the surface of the transmission wheel 751 is connected by a transmission belt 752. Both the transmission wheel 751 and the transmission belt 752 are located at the transmission groove 74 to achieve transmission.

[0058] Please see Figures 8-9 In this embodiment of the invention, the telescopic part 8 includes:

[0059] The cleaning shaft 81 is fixed at one end to the opposite side of the fixed block 77, and the auxiliary shaft 76 has a placement groove 82 at the end face of the cleaning shaft 81. The other end of the cleaning shaft 81 extends into the placement groove 82 and is kept in sync with the auxiliary shaft 76 by a second sliding member 83. A return spring 84 is installed between the cleaning shaft 81 and the opposite side of the placement groove 82, and the elastic force of the return spring 84, when not affected by external force, causes the cleaning shaft 81 to move toward the placement groove 82.

[0060] An extension plate 85 is mounted on the surface of the cleaning shaft 81 via a rotating bearing, and the extension plate 85 extends through to the connection point of the processing groove 73 corresponding to the moving plate 71. An abutment 86 is provided at the end of the extension plate 85 to realize the movement control of the cleaning shaft 81 during the movement.

[0061] The precise alignment of the cleaning component and the lens is achieved through the cooperation of the abutment 86 and the trapezoidal block 863. The elastic structure of the telescopic part 8 ensures that the cleaning component and the lens surface make flexible contact, which not only ensures the cleaning force but also avoids scratches on the lens due to hard contact, thus extending the service life of the sensor. With the cooperation of the drive component 6, the lens is positioned and the subsequent cleaning operation of the lens is realized simultaneously, which improves the device's anti-pollution and anti-interference capabilities.

[0062] Please see Figure 9 In this embodiment of the invention, the second sliding member 83 includes a longitudinal strip 831 symmetrically fixed on the arc surface of the cleaning shaft 81, and the interior of the placement groove 82 is provided with a longitudinal groove 832 adapted to the longitudinal strip 831. The longitudinal strip 831 slides in the longitudinal groove 832 to adapt to the movement of the abutment member 86 when it changes, and the longitudinal strip 831 does not leave the longitudinal groove 832 to maintain the synchronous rotation of the cleaning shaft 81 and the auxiliary shaft 76.

[0063] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 8 In this embodiment of the invention, the abutment member 86 includes:

[0064] The abutment rod 861 has one end fixed to the side of the extension plate 85, and the other end passes through the moving plate 71 and extends to the outside of the moving plate 71 and is fixedly connected to the sleeve 862. The sleeve 862 is equipped with a freely rolling ball on the side facing the laser sensor 5.

[0065] The trapezoidal block 863 is fixedly installed on the housing of the laser sensor 5 and is located directly above the lens of the laser sensor 5, slightly to the left. The inclined surface of the trapezoidal block 863 is arc-shaped. When the ball of the sleeve 862 moves toward the trapezoidal block 863, until the ball moves to contact the left arc surface of the trapezoidal block 863, the sleeve 862, carrying the abutment rod 861 and the extension plate 85, moves synchronously away from the laser sensor 5. When the ball moves to the flat surface of the trapezoidal block 863, the sleeve 862 maintains its position and moves a certain distance. When the ball moves to the right arc surface of the trapezoidal block 863 and disengages, the center of the cleaning shaft 81 corresponds to the center of the lens of the laser sensor 5, and at the same time, the wet wiping cotton 710 or the dry wiping cotton 711 contacts the lens of the laser sensor 5.

[0066] Multiple abutment springs 864 are provided and are equidistantly installed on opposite sides of the connection between the extension plate 85 and the corresponding processing groove 73 of the moving plate 71. The elastic force, unaffected by external force, causes the extension plate 85 to move towards the laser sensor 5.

[0067] The cleaning program has two trigger modes: timed trigger and threshold trigger. Timed trigger starts automatically according to a preset cleaning cycle, such as 72 hours. This is suitable for tunnel environments with relatively stable conditions and low dust concentrations. Threshold trigger starts by the control panel 3 monitoring the laser transmission efficiency of the laser sensor 5 in real time. The transmission efficiency is calculated as the received laser intensity divided by the emitted laser intensity. When the transmission efficiency is lower than a preset warning value, such as 85%, it is determined to be lens contamination, and the cleaning program is immediately started. This is suitable for tunnel environments with high dust concentrations and frequent contamination.

[0068] Please see Figure 10 In this embodiment of the invention, the switching component 78 includes:

[0069] The extension rod 781 has one end fixed to the side of the mounting plate 79, and the other end passes through the fixing block 77 and is rotated with the fixing block 77 through a rotating bearing. A bevel gear 782 is installed at the other end of the extension rod 781.

[0070] The ring rack 783 is fixedly installed at the lower edge of the inner cavity of the processing groove 73 in the cover plate 72, and the bevel gear 782 rotates 180 degrees from the start of contact to the disengagement of contact when it rotates to contact the ring rack 783.

[0071] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0072] During operation, the mounting frame 1 is first fixed in the preset position inside the tunnel to ensure that the control frame 2 remains horizontal and stable. Reflective lenses are installed at equal intervals along the monitoring path inside the tunnel. The installation position of the reflective lenses corresponds to the initial emission direction of the laser sensor 5 to form a complete laser monitoring optical path.

[0073] Then, the servo motor 41 is controlled and started through the control panel 3. The output shaft of the servo motor 41 drives the servo shaft 42 to rotate through the coupling. Since the servo shaft 42 is fixed to the housing of the laser sensor 5, and the other side of the laser sensor 5 is rotatably connected to the control frame 2 through the support rod, the rotation of the servo shaft 42 will drive the laser sensor 5 to rotate in the horizontal direction, thereby adjusting the laser emission angle so that the laser can be accurately projected onto the reflective mirrors at different positions, realizing coverage monitoring of different areas such as the tunnel arch and side walls.

[0074] During the monitoring process, dust and moisture inside the tunnel can adhere to the lens surface of laser sensor 5, affecting the accuracy of laser transmission. The cleaning mechanism achieves automatic cleaning through mechanical transmission, and the specific process is as follows:

[0075] When the control panel 3 detects a decrease in laser transmission efficiency or the completion of the preset cleaning cycle, the cleaning program is started, and the cylinder 631 is controlled to work. The piston rod 632 inside the cylinder 631 extends and retracts in the horizontal direction, pushing the square frame 61 to move. The square frame 61 is fixed to the moving plate 71 through the connecting plate 66 on the front side. Therefore, the moving plate 71 will move synchronously with the square frame 61, driving the cover plate 72 fixed to the moving plate 71 to move closer to the lens of the laser sensor 5 until the cleaning mechanism moves to the preset cleaning position.

[0076] During the movement of the cover plate 72, the sleeve 862 at the end of the extension plate 85 moves synchronously with the cover plate 72. When the ball of the sleeve 862 moves towards the trapezoidal block 863, until the ball moves to contact the left arc surface of the trapezoidal block 863, the sleeve 862 carries the abutment rod 861 and the extension plate 85 to move synchronously away from the laser sensor 5. When the ball moves to the plane of the trapezoidal block 863, the sleeve 862 maintains its position and moves a certain distance. When the ball moves to the right arc surface of the trapezoidal block 863 and disengages, the center of the cleaning shaft 81 corresponds to the center of the lens of the laser sensor 5, and at the same time, the wet wiping cotton 710 or the dry wiping cotton 711 contacts the lens of the laser sensor 5.

[0077] Then, the drive motor 64 is started. The output shaft of the drive motor 64 drives the drive shaft 65 to rotate. The drive shaft 65 drives the auxiliary shaft 76 to rotate through the transmission component 75 composed of the transmission wheel 751 and the transmission belt 752. The auxiliary shaft 76 drives the cleaning shaft 81 and the fixing block 77 to rotate synchronously, so that the wet wiping cotton 710 rotates and wipes along the lens surface to remove the adhering substances on the lens.

[0078] At the same time, the bevel gear 782 at the end of the extension rod 781 will mesh with the ring rack 783 at the lower edge of the inner cavity of the treatment groove 73 of the cover plate 72. As it continues to rotate, the bevel gear 782 rolls along the ring rack 783. During the process of contact and disengagement, the bevel gear 782 rotates 180 degrees, which drives the extension rod 781 and the mounting plate 79 to rotate 180 degrees in sync, realizing the switching between wet wiping cotton 710 and dry wiping cotton 711. First, the stubborn stains on the lens surface are wiped with wet wiping cotton 710, and after switching, the residual moisture on the lens surface is wiped with dry wiping cotton 711 to ensure that the lens is clean and dry.

[0079] After cleaning is completed, cylinder 631 controls piston rod 632 to retract, driving square frame 61, moving plate 71 and cover plate 72 to move in the opposite direction along transverse bar 621, away from the lens of laser sensor 5, until they return to the initial position. At the same time, drive motor 64 stops working, and cleaning shaft 81 returns to its initial extension and retraction state under the action of reset spring 84 and abutment spring 864, preparing for the next cleaning.

[0080] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0081] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor, comprising a mounting frame (1) installed on the inner ring of a tunnel, wherein a control frame (2) is provided on the top of the mounting frame (1), a control panel (3) is installed on the front protrusion of the control frame (2), and a laser sensor (5) is rotated between the control frames (2) via a rotating component (4), characterized in that: Furthermore, reflective mirrors are equidistantly installed inside the tunnel to work with laser sensors (5) to monitor tunnel deformation. A cleaning mechanism is installed on the laser sensors (5) to clean any adhering material from the lens. This cleaning mechanism includes: A power box (9) is installed on top of the laser sensor (5), and a drive unit (6) is provided inside the power box (9). The cleaning unit (7) includes a movable plate (71) and a cover plate (72) fixed together. A processing groove (73) is provided on the rear side of the cover plate (72). A transmission groove (74) is provided on the front side of the cover plate (72) and inside the movable plate (71). A secondary drive shaft (76) is rotatably installed on the cover plate (72). The drive member (6) cooperates with the transmission member (75) to drive the rotation of the secondary drive shaft (76). The secondary drive shaft (76) is provided with a telescopic part (8) on the end face of the processing groove (73) so that the fixed block (77) can extend and retract toward the lens. A switching component (78) is provided on the fixed block (77) so that the mounting plate (79) can rotate. A wet wiping cotton (710) and a dry wiping cotton (711) are respectively installed on the opposite side of the mounting plate (79) to realize the front and rear cleaning operations of the lens.

2. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating component (4) includes a servo motor (41) fixedly mounted on the side of the control frame (2), and one end of the output shaft of the servo motor (41) is fixed to a servo shaft (42) via a coupling. One end of the servo shaft (42) passes through the control frame (2) and extends to be fixed to the side of the housing of the laser sensor (5). The side of the housing opposite the laser sensor (5) rotates with the side wall of the control frame (2) via a support rod.

3. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component (6) includes: The square frame (61) moves left and right inside the power box (9) via the first sliding member (62), while the right side of the square frame (61) is driven by the pneumatic member (63) to complete the left and right movement operation. The drive motor (64) is installed inside the square frame (61), and one end of the output shaft of the drive motor (64) is connected and fixed to the drive shaft (65). The front side of the square frame (61) is fixed to the moving plate (71) through the connecting plate (66) to achieve synchronous movement. The drive shaft (65) extends through the connecting plate (66) and the moving plate (71) and rotates relative to each other.

4. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first sliding member (62) includes a horizontal bar (621) fixedly installed on the top of the power box (9), and the bottom of the square frame (61) is provided with a horizontal groove (622) that is adapted to the horizontal bar (621). That is, when the square frame (61) moves, it maintains the left and right side movement by sliding the horizontal bar (621) and the horizontal groove (622) together, and the horizontal groove (622) does not detach from the horizontal bar (621).

5. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pneumatic component (63) includes a cylinder (631) fixedly installed on the right side of the inner wall of the power box (9), and a piston rod (632) is slidably connected inside the cylinder (631), and one end of the piston rod (632) is connected and fixed to the right side of the square frame (61).

6. The tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission component (75) includes a transmission wheel (751) that is fixedly installed on the drive shaft (65) and the auxiliary drive shaft (76), and the surface of the transmission wheel (751) is connected by a transmission belt (752). Both the transmission wheel (751) and the transmission belt (752) are located at the transmission groove (74) to achieve transmission.

7. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic part (8) includes: The cleaning shaft (81) is fixed at one end to the opposite side of the fixed block (77), and the auxiliary shaft (76) has a placement groove (82) at the end face of the cleaning shaft (81). The other end of the cleaning shaft (81) extends into the placement groove (82) and the cleaning shaft (81) and the auxiliary shaft (76) are kept rotating synchronously by a second sliding member (83). A return spring (84) is installed between the opposite sides of the cleaning shaft (81) and the placement groove (82). The elastic force of the return spring (84) without the influence of external force causes the cleaning shaft (81) to move toward the placement groove (82). An extension plate (85) is mounted on the surface of the cleaning shaft (81) via a rotating bearing, and the extension plate (85) extends through to the connection point of the processing groove (73) corresponding to the moving plate (71). An abutment (86) is provided at the end of the extension plate (85) to realize the movement control of the cleaning shaft (81) during the movement.

8. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second sliding member (83) includes a longitudinal strip (831) symmetrically fixed on the arc surface of the cleaning shaft (81), and the interior of the placement groove (82) is provided with a longitudinal groove (832) adapted to the longitudinal strip (831). The longitudinal strip (831) slides in the longitudinal groove (832) to adapt to the movement of the abutment (86) when it changes, and the longitudinal strip (831) does not leave the longitudinal groove (832) to maintain the synchronous rotation of the cleaning shaft (81) and the auxiliary shaft (76).

9. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The abutment (86) includes: The actuating rod (861) has one end fixed to the side of the extension plate (85), and the other end passes through the moving plate (71) and extends to the outside of the moving plate (71) and is fixedly connected to the sleeve (862). The sleeve (862) has a freely rolling ball installed on the side facing the laser sensor (5). The trapezoidal block (863) is fixedly installed on the outer shell of the laser sensor (5) and is located directly above the lens of the laser sensor (5) on the left. The inclined surface of the trapezoidal block (863) is arc-shaped. When the ball of the sleeve (862) moves towards the trapezoidal block (863), the sleeve (862) carries the abutment rod (861) and the extension plate (85) to move away from the laser sensor (5) at the same time. When the ball moves to the plane of the trapezoidal block (863), the sleeve (862) moves a certain distance while maintaining its position. When the ball moves to the right arc surface of the trapezoidal block (863) and disengages, the center of the cleaning shaft (81) corresponds to the center of the lens of the laser sensor (5), and at the same time, the wet wiping cotton (710) or dry wiping cotton (711) contacts the lens of the laser sensor (5). Multiple abutment springs (864) are provided and are equidistantly installed on opposite sides of the connection between the extension plate (85) and the corresponding processing groove (73) of the moving plate (71). The elastic force, unaffected by external force, causes the extension plate (85) to move toward the laser sensor (5).

10. A tunnel deformation monitoring device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching component (78) includes: The extension rod (781) has one end fixed to the side of the mounting plate (79), and the other end passes through the fixing block (77) and rotates with the fixing block (77) through a rotating bearing. A bevel gear (782) is installed at the other end of the extension rod (781). The ring rack (783) is fixedly installed at the lower edge of the inner cavity of the treatment groove (73) in the cover plate (72), and the bevel gear (782) rotates 180 degrees from the start of contact to the disengagement of the ring rack (783) when it rotates to contact with the ring rack (783).

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