Device and method for realizing grounding switch mechanical fault detection based on photoelectric geminate transistors

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for realizing grounding switch mechanical fault detection based on photoelectric geminate transistors, and relates to the field of high-voltage switch cabinet grounding switch mechanical device detection. The device for realizing grounding switch mechanical fault detection based on photoelectric geminate transistors comprises a light absorption and reflection strip array, a photoelectric geminate transistor pointer, a pulse shaper, a pulse counter and a clamping stagnation and loosening judgment module. The light absorption and reflection strip array and a corresponding grounding knife static contact part of one phase in the high-voltage switch cabinet are installed in parallel in an insulating mode, the photoelectric geminate transistor pointer and the grounding knife moving contact part of the phase are in coaxial linkage, and the photoelectric geminate transistor pointer and the grounding knife moving contact part are matched to generate pulse signals. After the pulse shaper shapes the pulse signal, the pulse counter calculates a relative position value, and the clamping stagnation and loosening judgment module judges whether the grounding switch is clamped stagnation, loosened or normal according to the relative position value and transmits a result to the upper computer. Through photoelectric cooperative detection, the relative positions of the moving contact and the static contact of the grounding switch can be accurately obtained, mechanical faults are efficiently recognized, and operation safety of the high-voltage switch cabinet is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of testing mechanical devices of grounding switches in high-voltage switchgear, and in particular to a device and method for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage switchgear plays a crucial role in power systems, serving as an indispensable key device in power generation, transmission, transformation, and distribution. In high-voltage switchgear operation, the electric grounding switch, as a core component ensuring the safety of equipment and operators, provides a tight and clearly visible physical disconnection and mechanical interlocking of the grounding status after the circuit breaker is closed or opened. However, the electromechanical integration nature of the electric grounding switch, primarily a mechanical device, makes it prone to mechanical faults such as jamming and loosening, directly affecting the safe operation of the high-voltage switchgear. Therefore, a targeted fault detection solution is urgently needed.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies have significant shortcomings in solving this problem: 1) Electric grounding switch technology is mature and has a large supporting industrial chain, and it is costly to modify the original electromechanical module design to achieve fault detection; 2) The electric grounding switch vehicle has a small interior space and the original mechanical and electric mechanism components are complex, making it difficult to add an additional direct detection system; therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost and easy-to-implement electric grounding switch mechanical fault detection technology solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application is made to provide a device and method for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs, which overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems. The technical solution is as follows: Firstly, a device for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs is provided for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches of high-voltage switchgear. The device includes a light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1, a photoelectric pair pointer 2, a pulse shaper 3, a pulse counter 4, and a jamming / loosening judgment module 5, wherein: The light-absorbing and reflective strip array (1) includes light-absorbing blocks, reflective blocks and prefabricated grids. The number of light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks is the same. The light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks are arranged in pairs on the surface of the prefabricated grids. The prefabricated grids are installed in parallel and insulated from the stationary contact of the corresponding phase grounding knife in the high-voltage switchgear, and are used to indirectly detect the relative position of the moving contact and the stationary contact of the phase grounding knife. The head of the photoelectric pair pointer (2) is configured with a pair of light emitting tubes and light receiving tubes. The photoelectric pair pointer (2) is paired with the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1) and located on the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1). It is coaxial, parallel, insulated and installed with the moving contact of the phase grounding knife without interfering with each other. The photoelectric pair pointer (2) is also provided with a signal output terminal to detect the pulse signal Pulse generated when it moves on the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1) so as to synchronously reflect the relative motion trajectory of the moving contact and the stationary contact. The pulse shaper (3) has two input terminals, which are used to receive the pulse signal Pulse and the start signal SQ output by the photoelectric pair pointer (2) respectively; the pulse shaper (3) also has an output terminal, which is used to output the shaped switching signal Pulse-c. The switching signal Pulse-c corresponds to the shaping result of the pulse signal generated by the light-absorbing block and the reflective block when the photoelectric pair pointer (2) moves on the surface of the light-absorbing and reflective strip array (1); The pulse counter (4) has an input terminal for receiving the shaped switching signal Pulse-c output by the pulse shaper (3), also known as the shaping pulse Pulse-c; the pulse counter (4) also has an output terminal for outputting the relative position value Re of the photoelectric pair pointer (2) relative to the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1); The jamming and loosening judgment module (5) has two input terminals, which are used to receive the stop signal ST and the relative position value Re output by the pulse counter (4), respectively. The jamming and loosening judgment module (5) is used to judge whether the phase grounding switch is in a jammed, loose or normal mechanical state according to the stop signal ST and the relative position value Re, and transmits the judgment result PD to the host computer.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the three devices for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs are respectively assigned to the three-phase grounding switches A, B, and C, forming a system for detecting mechanical faults in the three-phase grounding switches A, B, and C. The device corresponding to each phase grounding switch transmits the judgment result PD to the host computer.

[0006] Secondly, a method for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair is provided, applied to the device for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair. The method includes the following steps: S001: According to the start signal SQ, the photoelectric pair pointer (2) moves on the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1) to generate a pulse signal Pulse. After being shaped by the pulse shaper (3), the shaped pulse Pulse-c is obtained and sent to the pulse counter (4). S002: The relative position value Re is calculated by the pulse counter (4) based on the received shaped pulse Pulse-c, and the relative position value Re is sent to the jamming and loosening judgment module (5). S003: The jamming and loosening judgment module (5) generates a judgment result PD based on the received stop signal ST and the relative position value Re, and sends it to the host computer.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, step S001 includes: The pulse signal Pulse is generated when the pointer of the optoelectronic pair tube (2) moves to the surface of the light absorption block or the light reflection block of the light absorption and reflection strip array (1). The shaped pulse Pulse-c is generated by the pulse shaper (3) according to the rising edge or the falling edge of the pulse signal Pulse.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, step S002 includes: The relative position value Re is generated by the pulse counter (4), and its initial value is 0. Whenever a shaped pulse Pulse-c is received, the relative position value Re performs an operation of adding 1.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, step S003 includes: Judging the result PD according to the relative position value Re: 1) If Re > LS, then display PD as loose; 2) If LS ≥ Re ≥ LK, then display PD as normal; 3) If Re < LK, then display PD as jammed; Where, LK is a preset value for jamming, and LS is a preset value for loosening.

[0010] By means of the above technical solution, the device and method for detecting mechanical faults of earthing switches based on optoelectronic pair tubes provided by the embodiments of the present application. The device for detecting mechanical faults of earthing switches based on optoelectronic pair tubes includes a light absorption and reflection strip array, an optoelectronic pair tube pointer, a pulse shaper, a pulse counter and a jamming and loosening judgment module; the light absorption and reflection strip array is installed in parallel and insulated with the static contact head of a corresponding phase earthing switch in the high-voltage switchgear, the optoelectronic pair tube pointer is coaxially linked with the moving contact head of this phase earthing switch, and the two cooperate to generate a pulse signal; after the pulse shaper shapes the pulse signal, the pulse counter calculates the relative position value, and the jamming and loosening judgment module combines the stop signal and the relative position value to judge whether this phase earthing switch is jammed, loose or normal, and sends the result to the host computer. The present invention can accurately obtain the relative positions of the moving and static contact heads of the earthing switch through optoelectronic collaborative detection, efficiently identify mechanical faults, and ensure the operation safety of the high-voltage switchgear. Description of the Drawings

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below.

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a system for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 A flowchart of a method for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0013] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0014] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the term "comprising" and its variations should be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to."

[0015] High-voltage switchgear plays a crucial role in power systems, serving as an indispensable key piece of equipment in power generation, transmission, transformation, and distribution. As one of the core components of high-voltage switchgear, the electrically operated grounding switch (also simply called the grounding switch) is a mechanical interlocking device that ensures the safety of electrical equipment and operators after the circuit breaker completes its closing and opening operations, providing a tight and clearly visible physical disconnection and grounding status. The inventors, through analysis, discovered that: (1) The electric grounding switch is a mechatronic module with mechanical devices as the main components. Its main faults are jamming and loosening. (2) Electric grounding switch is a technology with a long history of development and mature technology. Its supporting industrial chain is large. If the original electromechanical module design is modified, the cost of detecting jamming and loosening will be high. (3) The indoor space of the electric grounding knife vehicle is small. Since the original mechanical and electric mechanism is a complex component, it is difficult to add more systems and schemes to directly detect mechanical faults of the electric grounding knife.

[0016] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a device for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs, used for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches of high-voltage switchgear. Figure 1 As shown, the device for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs includes a light-absorbing reflective strip array 1, a photoelectric pair pointer 2, a pulse shaper 3, a pulse counter 4, and a jamming / loosening judgment module 5, wherein: The light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1 includes light-absorbing blocks, reflective blocks, and prefabricated grids. The number of light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks is the same. The light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks are arranged in pairs on the surface of the prefabricated grids. The prefabricated grids are installed in parallel and insulated from the stationary contact of a corresponding phase grounding switch in the high-voltage switchgear, and are used to indirectly detect the relative position of the moving contact and the stationary contact of the phase grounding switch. The head of the photoelectric pair pointer 2 is configured with a pair of light emitting tubes and light receiving tubes. The photoelectric pair pointer 2 is paired with the light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1 and is located on the side of the light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1. It is coaxial, parallel, insulated and installed with the moving contact of the phase grounding knife without interfering with each other. The photoelectric pair pointer 2 is also provided with a signal output terminal to detect the pulse signal Pulse generated when it moves on the side of the light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1, so as to synchronously reflect the relative motion trajectory of the moving contact and the stationary contact. The pulse shaper 3 has two input terminals, which are used to receive the pulse signal Pulse and the start signal SQ output by the photoelectric pair pointer 2, respectively; the pulse shaper 3 also has an output terminal, which is used to output the shaped switching signal Pulse-c, and the switching signal Pulse-c corresponds to the shaping result of the pulse signal generated by the light-absorbing block and the reflective block when the photoelectric pair pointer 2 moves on the surface of the light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1. The pulse counter 4 has an input terminal for receiving the shaped switching signal Pulse-c, also known as the shaping pulse Pulse-c, output by the pulse shaper 3; the pulse counter 4 also has an output terminal for outputting the relative position value Re of the photoelectric pair pointer 2 relative to the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array 1. The jamming and loosening judgment module 5 has two input terminals, which are used to receive the stop signal ST and the relative position value Re output by the pulse counter 4, respectively. The jamming and loosening judgment module 5 is used to determine whether the phase grounding switch is in a jammed, loose or normal mechanical state based on the stop signal ST and the relative position value Re, and transmits the judgment result PD to the host computer.

[0017] In this embodiment, the light-absorbing blocks can be made of low-reflectivity materials such as anodized black aluminum alloy, and the reflective blocks can be made of mirror stainless steel or composite materials with reflective film. In actual scenarios, the stroke of grounding switches of different models and rated currents varies. The number of light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks can be flexibly set according to the actual stroke length of the grounding switch. The longer the stroke, the more blocks can be added to improve the resolution of position detection. The prefabricated grid can be made of high-voltage insulating materials such as epoxy glass cloth board. Its size and specifications need to be adapted to the installation space of the grounding switch static contact head. The length, width and mounting hole positions of the grid can be customized as needed. At the same time, the flatness of the grid must be ensured to avoid affecting the detection accuracy. This embodiment does not limit the specific number of light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks, the material selection, the size and specifications of the prefabricated grid, etc. It does not require modification of the original electromechanical module of the grounding switch, and can adapt to the detection needs in different scenarios, ensuring the accuracy, reliability and wide applicability of grounding switch mechanical fault detection.

[0018] This application provides one possible implementation method, such as... Figure 2 As shown, three devices based on photoelectric pairs for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches are used to form a system for detecting mechanical faults in three-phase grounding switches A, B, and C, respectively. The device corresponding to each phase grounding switch transmits the judgment result PD to the host computer.

[0019] This embodiment, by configuring multiple devices based on photoelectric pairs to detect mechanical faults in grounding switches in separate phases, enables independent detection and parallel monitoring of the mechanical status of the three-phase grounding switches in high-voltage switchgear. The host computer can synchronously acquire the fault judgment results of each phase, facilitating the rapid location of stuck or loose grounding switches in a specific phase, thereby improving the practicality and maintenance efficiency of the overall detection system.

[0020] Based on the devices for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs provided in the above embodiments, and based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a method for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the method may include the following steps S001 to S003: S001: According to the start signal SQ, the photoelectric pair pointer 2 moves on the light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1 to generate a pulse signal Pulse. After being shaped by the pulse shaper 3, the shaped pulse Pulse-c is obtained and sent to the pulse counter 4. S002: The pulse counter 4 calculates the relative position value Re based on the received shaping pulse Pulse-c, and sends the relative position value Re to the jamming and loosening judgment module 5; S003: The jamming and loosening judgment module 5 generates a judgment result PD based on the received stop signal ST and relative position value Re, and sends it to the host computer.

[0021] In this embodiment, through the coherent process of signal triggering, pulse processing, position calculation, and fault judgment, relying on the functional connection of each component of the device for detecting mechanical faults of the grounding knife based on optoelectronic pairs, the automatic detection of mechanical faults of the grounding knife is realized. Moreover, the original electromechanical structure of the grounding knife does not need to be modified during the whole process, and the fault judgment result can be efficiently output, providing support for the safe operation and maintenance of the grounding knife of the high-voltage switchgear.

[0022] In a possible implementation provided in the embodiment of the present application, the pulse signal Pulse in step S001 above is generated when the pointer 2 of the optoelectronic pair moves to the surface of the light-absorbing block or the light-reflecting block of the light-absorbing and light-reflecting strip array 1; the shaped pulse Pulse-c is generated by the pulse shaper 3 according to the rising edge or the falling edge of the pulse signal Pulse.

[0023] In this embodiment, by clarifying the generation source and shaping basis of the pulse signal, the formation logic of the key signals in the detection process is clearly defined, laying a foundation for the subsequent accurate calculation of the relative position value Re by the pulse counter 4 and ensuring the accuracy of the signal processing link in the detection of mechanical faults of the grounding knife.

[0024] In a possible implementation provided in the embodiment of the present application, the relative position value Re in step S002 above is generated by the pulse counter 4, and its initial value is 0. Whenever a shaped pulse Pulse-c is received, the relative position value Re performs an operation of adding 1.

[0025] In a possible implementation provided in the embodiment of the present application, the result PD in step S003 above is judged by the relative position value Re, and the specific judgment method is as follows: 1) If Re > LS, then display PD as loose; 2) If LS ≥ Re ≥ LK, then display PD as normal; 3) If Re < LK, then display PD as stuck; Among them, LK is the preset value of stuck, and LS is the preset value of loose.

[0026] In this embodiment, the preset values of stuck and loose can be determined according to the mechanical characteristics of different models of grounding knives. There are differences in the mechanical transmission structure, rated operating force, and normal stroke range of different models. The corresponding LK and LS can be calibrated by actually measuring the normal operating position value, stuck critical position value, and loose limit position value of different models of grounding knives to ensure the adaptability of fault judgment.

[0027] The above introduces Figure 2 multiple implementation manners of each link of the shown embodiment. Next, a specific embodiment of the phase A grounding knife of the three-phase grounding knife mechanical fault detection system will be used to further illustrate the method for detecting mechanical faults of the grounding knife based on optoelectronic pairs in the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] This specific embodiment mainly uses the relative position value Re in the actual detection scenario, combined with the preset jamming threshold LK and loosening threshold LS, to intuitively verify the accuracy of the detection method of this application in identifying the three working conditions of jamming, normal and loosening. It can achieve accurate judgment of mechanical faults without modifying the original electromechanical structure of the grounding switch.

[0029] (1) Preparation stage before implementation 1. Equipment Deployment: The device for detecting mechanical faults of the grounding switch based on photoelectric pairs in this application embodiment is adapted and installed with the A-phase grounding switch of the high-voltage switchgear. The light-absorbing reflective strip array 1 is fixed in parallel and insulated with the stationary contact head of the A-phase grounding switch. The photoelectric pair pointer 2 is coaxially and parallelly insulated with the moving contact head of the A-phase grounding switch to ensure that the two are paired and do not interfere with each other. The pulse shaper 3, pulse counter 4, and jamming / loosening judgment module 5 are connected in sequence according to the signal transmission logic, and the jamming preset value LK=12 and the loosening preset value LS=15.

[0030] 2. Signal calibration: Start the simulation operation program of the A-phase grounding switch of the high-voltage switchgear, trigger the start signal SQ, confirm that the photoelectric pair pointer 2 can generate a pulse signal Pulse normally when it moves with the moving contact head, the pulse shaper 3 can output a stable shaped pulse Pulse-c according to the rising or falling edge of Pulse, the pulse counter 4 is initially set to 0 and can count normally, and there are no abnormalities in the signal transmission of each component.

[0031] (2) Implementation phase 3. Example 1 (Detection of jamming conditions): The A-phase grounding switch operation command is triggered, and the start signal SQ is synchronously transmitted to the pulse shaper 3; The grounding knife moving contact head drives the photoelectric pair pointer 2 to move. The pointer passes through the light-absorbing block and the reflector block of the light-absorbing and reflective strip array 1 to generate a pulse signal Pulse. After being shaped into Pulse-c by the pulse shaper 3, it is sent to the pulse counter 4. When the moving contact of the grounding switch stops moving due to jamming, the stop signal ST is sent to the jamming and loosening judgment module 5. At this time, the relative position value Re output by the pulse counter 4 is 10. The stuck / loose judgment module 5 compares Re with the preset threshold: Since Re=10<LK=12, it is determined that the A phase grounding switch is in a stuck condition. The judgment result PD=“stuck” is sent to the host computer.

[0032] 4. Example 2 (Normal Operating Condition Testing): Repeat the startup operation in Example 1, and the grounding knife moving contact head normally drives the photoelectric pair pointer 2 to move; After the pulse signal Pulse is shaped and counted, when the moving contact head reaches the normal closed position, the stop signal ST is triggered, and the pulse counter 4 outputs the relative position value Re=13; The stuck / loose judgment module 5 compares Re with the preset threshold: Since LS=15≥Re=13≥LK=12, it is determined that the A-phase grounding switch is in normal working condition, and the judgment result PD=“normal” is sent to the host computer.

[0033] 5. Example 3 (Loosening Condition Detection): Repeat the startup operation in Example 1, and the grounding knife moving contact head drives the photoelectric pair pointer 2 to move; Due to the loose grounding switch, the moving contact head moved beyond its normal travel until the stop signal ST was triggered, at which point the pulse counter 4 output a relative position value Re=17. The stuck / loose judgment module 5 compares Re with the preset threshold: Since Re=17>LS=15, it is determined that the A phase grounding switch is in a loose condition, and the judgment result PD=“loose” is sent to the host computer.

[0034] (3) Implementation Result Verification Phase 6. Results Recording and Analysis: The Re values, judgment process and PD results of the three embodiments are summarized in Table 1. It can be seen that the detection method of this application can accurately match the corresponding working conditions according to different Re values. The judgment results of the three typical working conditions are consistent with the actual grounding switch state, which verifies the effectiveness of the detection method.

[0035] Table 1 - Experimental Results of Phase A Grounding Switch in Three-Phase Grounding Switch Mechanical Fault Detection System

[0036] It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the steps in the above embodiments do not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. In practical applications, all the above possible implementation methods can be arbitrarily combined in a combined manner to form possible embodiments of this application, which will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solution of this application, or all or part of it, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several program instructions to cause an electronic device (e.g., a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of this application when running the program instructions. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, portable hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0038] Alternatively, all or part of the steps of the foregoing method embodiments can be implemented by hardware (such as electronic devices like personal computers, servers, or network devices) associated with program instructions. The program instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program instructions are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the electronic device executes all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that within the spirit and principles of this application, modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the corresponding technical solutions to leave the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A device for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs, used for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches of high-voltage switchgear, characterized in that, The device for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs includes a light-absorbing reflective strip array (1), a photoelectric pair pointer (2), a pulse shaper (3), a pulse counter (4), and a jamming / loosening judgment module (5). The light-absorbing and reflective strip array (1) includes light-absorbing blocks, reflective blocks and prefabricated grids. The number of light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks is the same. The light-absorbing blocks and reflective blocks are arranged in pairs on the surface of the prefabricated grids. The prefabricated grids are installed in parallel and insulated from the stationary contact of the corresponding phase grounding knife in the high-voltage switchgear, and are used to indirectly detect the relative position of the moving contact and the stationary contact of the phase grounding knife. The head of the photoelectric pair pointer (2) is configured with a pair of light emitting tubes and light receiving tubes. The photoelectric pair pointer (2) is paired with the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1) and located on the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1). It is coaxial, parallel, insulated and installed with the moving contact of the phase grounding knife without interfering with each other. The photoelectric pair pointer (2) is also provided with a signal output terminal to detect the pulse signal Pulse generated when it moves on the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1) so as to synchronously reflect the relative motion trajectory of the moving contact and the stationary contact. The pulse shaper (3) has two input terminals, which are used to receive the pulse signal Pulse and the start signal SQ output by the photoelectric pair pointer (2) respectively; the pulse shaper (3) also has an output terminal, which is used to output the shaped switching signal Pulse-c. The switching signal Pulse-c corresponds to the shaping result of the pulse signal generated by the light-absorbing block and the reflective block when the photoelectric pair pointer (2) moves on the surface of the light-absorbing and reflective strip array (1); The pulse counter (4) has an input terminal for receiving the shaped switching signal Pulse-c output by the pulse shaper (3), also known as the shaping pulse Pulse-c; The pulse counter (4) is also provided with an output terminal for outputting the relative position value Re of the photoelectric pair pointer (2) relative to the side of the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1); The jamming and loosening judgment module (5) has two input terminals, which are used to receive the stop signal ST and the relative position value Re output by the pulse counter (4), respectively. The jamming and loosening judgment module (5) is used to judge whether the phase grounding switch is in a jammed, loose or normal mechanical state according to the stop signal ST and the relative position value Re, and transmits the judgment result PD to the host computer.

2. The device for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The three devices for detecting mechanical faults in grounding switches based on photoelectric pairs are respectively assigned to the three-phase grounding switches A, B, and C to form a system for detecting mechanical faults in the three-phase grounding switches A, B, and C. The device corresponding to each phase grounding switch sends the judgment result PD to the host computer.

3. A method for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair, applied to the device for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S001: According to the start signal SQ, the photoelectric pair pointer (2) moves on the light-absorbing reflective strip array (1) to generate a pulse signal Pulse. After being shaped by the pulse shaper (3), the shaped pulse Pulse-c is obtained and sent to the pulse counter (4). S002: The relative position value Re is calculated by the pulse counter (4) based on the received shaped pulse Pulse-c, and the relative position value Re is sent to the jamming and loosening judgment module (5). S003: The jamming and loosening judgment module (5) generates a judgment result PD based on the received stop signal ST and the relative position value Re, and sends it to the host computer.

4. The method for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S001: The pulse signal Pulse is generated when the pointer of the optoelectronic pair (2) moves to the surface of the light-absorbing block or the light-reflecting block of the light-absorbing and light-reflecting strip array (1). The shaped pulse Pulse-c is generated by the pulse shaper (3) according to the rising edge or the falling edge of the pulse signal Pulse.

5. The method for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S002: The relative position value Re is generated by the pulse counter (4), and its initial value is 0. Whenever a shaped pulse Pulse-c is received, the relative position value Re performs an increment operation.

6. The method for detecting mechanical faults in a grounding switch based on a photoelectric pair as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Step S003 includes: Obtaining the judgment result PD based on the relative position value Re: 1) If Re > LS, then PD is displayed as loose; 2) If LS ≥ Re ≥ LK, then PD is displayed as normal; 3) If Re < LK, then PD is displayed as jammed; where LK is the preset value of jamming, and LS is the preset value of loosening.

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