High-voltage cable partial discharge positioning and self-healing protection device

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-voltage cable partial discharge positioning and self-healing protection device, and relates to the technical field of high-voltage power equipment monitoring and protection, and the device comprises a flexible composite sensing array which is used for fitting the surface of a high-voltage cable and collecting multi-source signals generated by partial discharge; the improved ultrasonic-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system is used for processing the collected signals and calculating the position of a discharge point based on an improved time difference of arrival algorithm; the multi-condition triggering microcapsule self-healing system is used for triggering a self-healing action according to the position of the discharge point and generating a self-healing execution state signal; the anti-interference communication module is used for encrypting and transmitting the discharge point position and the self-healing execution state signal; the low-power-consumption control unit is used for coordinating the time sequence and control of each module; and the solar power supply unit is used for providing electric energy for the protection device. According to the invention, the problems of incomplete monitoring coverage, low positioning precision, poor device installation adaptability and lack of intelligent closed-loop management in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage power equipment monitoring and protection technology, and in particular to a high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage cables, as the core carriers of modern power transmission networks, are directly related to the safety and stability of the power grid due to their operational reliability. Partial discharge is an important indicator of the deterioration of cable insulation, usually caused by internal insulation defects, poor joint installation processes, or long-term electrothermal aging. Therefore, effective monitoring and proactive protection against partial discharge in high-voltage cables are crucial for preventing major power outages and improving the level of lean operation and maintenance.

[0003] Currently, there are two main technical solutions for monitoring and protecting against partial discharge in high-voltage cables: The first is a fixed-point monitoring solution. This solution typically involves installing ultrasonic or ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors at key locations such as cable joints and terminals, transmitting the monitoring data to a backend via wired connections. The limitation of this solution is that the sensor placement is fixed and sparse, failing to cover the middle and curved sections of the cable, resulting in significant blind spots. Furthermore, the sensors are often rigid structures, making it difficult to fit snugly against the surface of cables with different outer diameters or bending states. Custom installation is required for different specifications, a cumbersome and time-consuming process with poor adaptability. The second is a passive protection solution. This solution mainly uses insulating sheaths and potting compounds to wrap and seal cable joints or suspected weak points to delay moisture intrusion or insulation aging. However, this is a "post-event remedy" or "passive delay" measure and cannot intervene when partial discharge occurs. Once a discharge occurs and continues to develop, the insulation defect will expand rapidly, eventually leading to a breakdown fault. The time lag between discovering the hidden danger and handling the fault usually exceeds 2 hours, which can easily cause large-scale power outages and result in significant economic losses.

[0004] In summary, existing technologies have the following main drawbacks: 1) Incomplete monitoring coverage and low positioning accuracy: Due to the use of fixed-point monitoring, it is difficult to achieve full cable line coverage, and the spatial positioning error of the discharge point is large. Troubleshooting still requires manual segment-by-segment inspection, which is inefficient. 2) Poor device installation adaptability: Rigid sensors cannot adapt to complex cable laying environments, making installation inconvenient. At the same time, the protection measures are passive, lacking the ability to accurately intervene and actively repair in the early stages of discharge, and cannot stop the development of the fault. 3) Lack of intelligent closed-loop management: Existing solutions are mostly limited to data collection or simple alarms, lacking intelligent analysis of discharge development trends, accurate positioning, and closed-loop coordination of active repair, which is not conducive to the optimization of operation and maintenance strategies and preventive fault management.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated device that can achieve full-range monitoring, high-precision positioning, and active self-healing capabilities to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and improve the active safety protection level of high-voltage cable operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device to solve the problems of incomplete monitoring coverage, low positioning accuracy, poor device installation adaptability, and lack of intelligent closed-loop management in existing technologies.

[0007] In view of this, the first aspect of the present invention provides a partial discharge location and self-healing protection device for high-voltage cables, the device comprising:

[0008] A flexible composite sensor array is used to attach to the surface of a high-voltage cable to synchronously acquire multi-source signals generated by partial discharge in a triggered acquisition mode.

[0009] An improved ultrasonic-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system, connected to the flexible composite sensor array, is used to process the acquired signals and calculate the location of the discharge point based on an improved time difference of arrival algorithm.

[0010] A multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system is connected to the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system to trigger self-healing action based on the location of the discharge point and generate a self-healing execution status signal.

[0011] An anti-interference communication module, connected to the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system and the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system, is used to encrypt and transmit the discharge point location and the self-healing execution status signal;

[0012] A low-power control unit is connected to the flexible composite sensor array, the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system, the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system, and the anti-interference communication module, respectively, and is used to coordinate the timing and control of each module.

[0013] A solar power unit is used to provide electrical energy to the protective device.

[0014] Optionally, the flexible composite sensing array includes:

[0015] The flexible sensing strip has a substrate of polyimide composite silicone rubber.

[0016] An ultrasonic sensor array, arranged on the flexible sensor strip, is used to collect ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge.

[0017] A UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array, paired with the ultrasonic sensing array and spaced apart on the flexible sensing strip, is used to collect electromagnetic wave signals generated by partial discharge.

[0018] The temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit is arranged at the same point as the ultrasonic sensing array and the UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array, and is used to collect the temperature signal and electric field intensity signal of the discharge point.

[0019] The trigger-based acquisition mode is as follows: when the signal detected by any of the ultrasonic sensing array, the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave sensing array, or the temperature-electric field assisted sensing unit exceeds its preset threshold, the other sensors at the same location are triggered to synchronously acquire signals.

[0020] Optionally, the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system includes:

[0021] A signal preprocessing module is used to perform wavelet noise reduction processing on the ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal;

[0022] An improved spatiotemporal fusion positioning algorithm module is used to calculate the initial discharge point location based on the difference in propagation speed between the denoised ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal, using an improved time difference of arrival algorithm.

[0023] The positioning result correction module is used to correct the initial discharge point position based on the temperature signal and / or electric field intensity signal collected by the temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit to obtain the final discharge point position.

[0024] The positioning result output module is used to output the final discharge point location to the low-power control unit and the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system.

[0025] Optionally, the step of calculating the initial discharge point location using an improved time-of-arrival algorithm includes:

[0026] The arrival times of the noise-reduced ultrasonic and electromagnetic wave signals at each sensor are extracted;

[0027] Calculate the arrival time difference between the ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal at the same sensor, and the difference of this time difference between adjacent sensors;

[0028] Based on the time difference, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal in the high-voltage cable, and the sensor spacing, the initial distance of the discharge point relative to the sensor is calculated as the initial discharge point position.

[0029] Optionally, the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system includes:

[0030] Microcapsule self-healing agents contain insulating and repairing materials encapsulated within them;

[0031] A trigger control unit, connected to the positioning result output module, is used to generate a trigger command based on the final discharge point location;

[0032] An electrothermal trigger module is connected to the trigger control unit and is correspondingly disposed on the flexible sensing strip. It is used to receive the trigger command and generate local high temperature so that the microcapsule self-healing agent at the corresponding position ruptures and releases the insulating repair material.

[0033] The trigger control unit is also used to monitor the self-healing process and generate a self-healing execution status signal indicating whether the self-healing is successful or failed.

[0034] Optionally, the anti-interference communication module includes:

[0035] An anti-interference LoRa-5G dual-mode module for data transmission between LoRa and 5G modes;

[0036] A data encryption unit is used to encrypt the final discharge point location and the self-healing execution status signal;

[0037] The channel adaptive switching module is used to monitor the communication channel quality in real time and automatically switch the communication mode or channel when the signal quality is below a threshold.

[0038] Optionally, the low-power control unit includes:

[0039] A low-power microcontroller MCU serves as the main controller for the protection device.

[0040] A timing control module, connected to the low-power microMCU, is used to control the protective device to operate according to the timing sequence of "monitoring-positioning-self-healing-communication-sleep".

[0041] The fault warning module, connected to the low-power micro MCU, is used to trigger graded warnings based on the intensity changes of the partial discharge signal of the high-voltage cable.

[0042] Optionally, the solar power supply unit includes:

[0043] Flexible solar panels are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0044] An energy storage battery is used to store electrical energy and power the protective device.

[0045] The MPPT module is used to optimize the power output efficiency of the flexible solar panel.

[0046] Optionally, the ultrasonic sensing array employs a ZnO nanowire / PVDF heterostructure sensor, and the UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array employs a microstrip antenna structure sensor with an anti-interference shielding layer.

[0047] Optionally, the correction coefficient used by the positioning result correction module is positively correlated with the temperature value collected by the temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit. When the collected temperature is higher than a preset threshold, the correction coefficient is introduced to correct the position of the initial discharge point.

[0048] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0049] 1. Significantly improved positioning accuracy: Based on the improved time difference of arrival algorithm and dual signal fusion technology, the positioning accuracy is significantly improved compared with the existing technology, effectively shortening the troubleshooting time;

[0050] 2. Improved self-healing targeting and efficiency: The dual-mode triggering mechanism significantly improves the self-healing success rate compared to existing technologies, greatly reducing the risk of cable insulation breakdown;

[0051] 3. Optimized adaptability and installation efficiency: The flexible sensing strip is compatible with various outer diameters and curved cables, effectively shortening the installation time compared to rigid sensors, and eliminating the need for customized multi-specification equipment;

[0052] 4. Strong adaptability to complex scenarios: The combination of dual-mode communication and solar power supply ensures high communication stability and long battery life in strong electromagnetic environments and scenarios without external power supply.

[0053] 5. Closed-loop collaboration reduces operation and maintenance costs: The integrated design of "monitoring-location-self-healing" greatly shortens the fault recovery time and effectively reduces operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the improved fusion localization algorithm provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the dual-mode triggered self-healing process provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0059] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device, comprising:

[0060] A flexible composite sensor array is used to attach to the surface of a high-voltage cable to synchronously acquire multi-source signals generated by partial discharge in a triggered acquisition mode.

[0061] It should be noted that, unlike the rigid sensing substrates of existing technologies, the flexible composite sensing array adopts a "flexible substrate + heterogeneous structure sensing unit" design, which improves adaptability and sensitivity.

[0062] An improved ultrasonic-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system, connected to the flexible composite sensor array, is used to process the acquired signals and calculate the location of the discharge point based on an improved time difference of arrival algorithm.

[0063] It should be noted that, unlike the single-signal localization of existing technologies, the improved ultrasonic-electromagnetic wave fusion localization system proposes an algorithm of "wavelet noise reduction + improved time difference of arrival (TDOA) + error correction".

[0064] The multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system is connected to the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system to trigger self-healing actions based on the location of the discharge point and generate a self-healing execution status signal.

[0065] It should be noted that, unlike the single mechanical triggering of existing technologies, the multi-condition triggering microcapsule self-healing system is designed with a dual mechanism of "passive response + active triggering", which improves the targeting of self-healing.

[0066] An anti-interference communication module, connected to the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system and the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system, is used to encrypt and transmit the discharge point location and the self-healing execution status signal.

[0067] It should be noted that the anti-interference communication module of the present invention ensures stable data transmission under high voltage and strong electromagnetic environment.

[0068] A low-power control unit is connected to the flexible composite sensor array, the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system, the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system, and the anti-interference communication module, respectively, and is used to coordinate the timing and control of each module.

[0069] It should be noted that the low-power control unit of the present invention coordinates the work of each module to optimize power consumption and process timing.

[0070] A solar power unit is used to provide electrical energy to the protective device.

[0071] It should be noted that the solar power supply unit of the present invention provides a stable and independent power supply for the device, and is suitable for scenarios without external power supply.

[0072] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment, the flexible composite sensing array includes:

[0073] Flexible sensing strip 1-1, the substrate of which is polyimide composite silicone rubber;

[0074] Specifically: It adopts a polyimide (PI) base composite silicone rubber buffer layer with a thickness of 0.8mm, a tensile strength of ≥20%, and a dielectric constant change rate of <5% when the bending radius is ≤50mm. The base surface is coated with a high-temperature resistant adhesive (temperature resistance 200℃), and it is installed through a "segmented bonding + edge sealing" process. The installation time for a 10m cable is <10 minutes, and it is compatible with cables with an outer diameter of 50-200mm.

[0075] Ultrasonic sensor array 1-2 is arranged on the flexible sensor strip and is used to collect ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge.

[0076] UHF electromagnetic wave sensing arrays 1-3 are paired with the ultrasonic sensing array and arranged at intervals on the flexible sensing strip for collecting electromagnetic wave signals generated by partial discharge.

[0077] Specifically: Ultrasonic sensors (1-2) and UHF (ultra-high frequency) sensors (1-3) are arranged in pairs every 5 cm. The ultrasonic sensors adopt a "ZnO nanowire / PVDF heterostructure", with a detection frequency of 20-100kHz and a sensitivity of ≤3pC (40% improvement over existing technologies). The UHF sensors adopt a microstrip antenna structure, with a detection frequency of 300MHz-1.5GHz and an anti-interference shielding layer attenuation of ≥40dB. The newly added temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit (1-19) is arranged at the same point as the dual sensors to collect the discharge point temperature (accuracy ±0.5℃) and electric field strength (accuracy ±1kV / mm), providing multi-dimensional evidence for self-healing triggering.

[0078] Temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing units 1-19 are arranged at the same point as the ultrasonic sensing array and the UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array, and are used to collect temperature signals and electric field intensity signals at the discharge point; wherein, the trigger-type acquisition mode is as follows: when the signal detected by any of the ultrasonic sensing array, the UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array or the temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit exceeds its preset threshold, the other sensors at the same point are triggered to synchronously collect signals.

[0079] Specifically, the “trigger-based acquisition” mode is adopted. When any sensor detects a signal exceeding the threshold (e.g., ultrasonic signal > 5mV, UHF signal > 10mV, temperature > 80℃, electric field > 30kV / mm), it triggers other sensors at the same location to acquire data synchronously, thus avoiding false triggering by a single signal.

[0080] Please see Figure 1 and 2 In one embodiment, the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system includes:

[0081] Signal preprocessing modules 1-4 are used to perform wavelet noise reduction processing on the ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal;

[0082] Specifically: The acquired ultrasound signal (S1(t)) and UHF signal (S2(t)) are subjected to three-layer noise reduction using db4 wavelet. The specific formula and parameters are as follows:

[0083] (1) Wavelet decomposition: S1(t) and S2(t) are decomposed into three levels to obtain the approximation coefficients A3 and detail coefficients D1-D3;

[0084] (2) Threshold calculation: Adaptive threshold is used ,in (Noise estimation), where N is the signal length;

[0085] (3) Thresholding: The detail coefficients D1-D3 are treated with a "soft threshold", and the formula is as follows:

[0086] ;

[0087] Where j = 1, 2, 3 (number of decomposition layers), and k is the signal sampling point.

[0088] (4) Signal reconstruction: through A3 and the processed signal - The denoised signal is obtained by reconstruction. and Signal-to-noise ratio ≥35dB.

[0089] The improved spatiotemporal fusion positioning algorithm modules 1-5 are used to calculate the initial discharge point location based on the difference in propagation speed between the denoised ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal, using an improved time difference of arrival algorithm.

[0090] Specifically: Based on the difference in propagation speed between ultrasonic signals and electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic wave speed c = 3 × 10⁻⁶), 8 (The speed of sound propagation in a cable is v = 3000 m / s). The discharge location is calculated using the time difference between adjacent sensors. Specific steps:

[0091] (1) Signal arrival time extraction: The "cross-correlation + peak detection" method is used for extraction. and The arrival time. Taking sensor i and sensor i+1 as examples, let the arrival times of the electromagnetic waves be respectively... , The arrival times of the ultrasonic signals were respectively , ;

[0092] (2) Time difference calculation: Calculate the ultrasonic-electromagnetic wave time difference of the same sensor. , Time difference between adjacent sensors ;

[0093] (3) Preliminary positioning calculation: Let the distance between sensor i and i+1 be d=5cm, and the distance from the discharge point to sensor i be x. Based on the propagation path relationship, the following is derived:

[0094] ;

[0095] ;

[0096] Since c is much larger than v, we can ignore terms containing c and simplify to: ;

[0097] The positioning result correction module 1-20 is used to correct the initial discharge point position based on the temperature signal and / or electric field intensity signal collected by the temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit to obtain the final discharge point position.

[0098] Specifically: Correction is achieved through temperature-electric field auxiliary signals. When the discharge point temperature T > 120℃ or the electric field E > 50kV / mm, a correction coefficient is introduced. The final location result is .

[0099] The positioning result output modules 1-6 are used to output the final discharge point location to the low-power control unit and the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system.

[0100] Please see Figure 1 and 3 In one embodiment, the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system includes:

[0101] Microcapsule self-healing agents 1-7 contain insulating and repairing materials encapsulated inside.

[0102] Specifically, it adopts a structure of "urea-formaldehyde resin shell + epoxy resin / curing agent core" with a diameter of 50-100μm. The shell's rupture threshold is designed as follows: mechanical pressure > 5MPa, temperature > 120℃, and electric field > 50kV / mm (achieved by adjusting the crosslinking degree of the urea-formaldehyde resin; the rupture threshold is increased when the crosslinking degree is > 85%). The epoxy resin to curing agent mass ratio in the core is 3:1, with the addition of 5% nano-SiO2 reinforcing agent, resulting in improved insulation strength after curing.

[0103] Trigger control unit 1-21, connected to the positioning result output module, is used to generate trigger commands based on the final discharge point location; it is also used to monitor the self-healing process and generate a self-healing execution status signal indicating whether the self-healing is successful or failed.

[0104] Specifically, the dual-mode triggering mechanism is as follows: ① Passive triggering: When local discharge causes insulation damage, mechanical stress or high temperature directly ruptures the microcapsule; ② Active triggering: The positioning module outputs... Then, the trigger control unit (1-21) controls the corresponding micro-heating pad (5W power) to heat for 10 seconds, raising the local temperature to 130℃, actively rupturing the microcapsules, and ensuring precise release of the self-healing agent. Self-healing process control: Microcapsule distribution density is 10-1. 5 pcs / cm 2 The released self-healing agent, under the constraint of the sealing reinforcement layers 1-9 (silicone rubber material, IP68 protection), cures within 30 minutes, forming a repair layer with a thickness of 0.5-1mm. After self-healing is completed, the sensing module monitors the insulation performance of the repair layer in real time. If the insulation strength is <15kV / mm, a secondary replenishment mechanism is triggered (replenishing the self-healing agent through pre-embedded microchannels).

[0105] The electrothermal triggering modules 1-8 are connected to the triggering control unit and are correspondingly disposed on the flexible sensing strip. They are used to receive the triggering command and generate local high temperature so that the microcapsule self-healing agent at the corresponding position will rupture and release the insulating repair material.

[0106] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment, the anti-interference communication module includes:

[0107] Anti-interference LoRa-5G dual-mode modules 1-10 are used for data transmission between LoRa mode and 5G mode;

[0108] Specifically: LoRa mode offers a communication distance of ≤5km, suitable for enclosed scenarios such as cable tunnels; 5G mode offers unlimited communication distance, suitable for long-distance overhead cables; the module uses a metal shielded shell, and its electromagnetic interference resistance meets the IEC 61000-4-3 standard (normal communication under an electric field strength of 30V / m). It should be noted that LoRa mode is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) communication mode among anti-interference communication modules, featuring long-distance and low-power technical characteristics.

[0109] Data encryption units 1-11 are used to encrypt the final discharge point location and the self-healing execution status signal;

[0110] Specifically, the AES-256 encryption algorithm is used to encrypt monitoring data and location results to prevent tampering or theft during data transmission, complying with power data security standards. It should be noted that the AES-256 encryption algorithm is an implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), with a 256-bit key length, and is a symmetric encryption algorithm. It uses a fixed-length key to encrypt and decrypt data, offering high security and efficiency, effectively preventing data tampering or theft during transmission or storage. In this document, the algorithm is used to encrypt sensitive power data such as high-voltage cable partial discharge monitoring data and discharge point location results to comply with power data security standards. Its 256-bit key length significantly improves resistance to brute-force attacks, making it suitable for scenarios with high security requirements, such as data transmission protection in power systems.

[0111] The channel adaptive switching modules 1-12 are used to monitor the communication channel quality in real time and automatically switch the communication mode or channel when the signal quality is below a threshold.

[0112] Specifically: Real-time monitoring of channel signal strength; when the signal strength is <-120dBm, automatic switching to LoRa / 5G mode or backup channel; switching response time <100ms to ensure uninterrupted data transmission.

[0113] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment, the solar power supply unit includes:

[0114] Flexible solar panels 1-16 are used to convert light energy into electrical energy;

[0115] Specifically: 10W power, can be installed close to cable brackets or tunnel walls, conversion rate ≥23%, suitable for low light environments (average daily light intensity <2 hours).

[0116] Energy storage batteries 1-17 are used to store electrical energy and power the protective device.

[0117] Specifically: It uses a 5000mAh lithium iron phosphate battery with a cycle life of ≥1000 cycles and can provide independent power for ≥30 days when fully charged.

[0118] MPPT modules 1-18 are used to optimize the power output efficiency of the flexible solar panel.

[0119] Specifically, the MPPT module, or maximum power point tracking module, tracks the maximum power point of the solar panel in real time to ensure stable power supply under adverse weather conditions such as cloudy or rainy days.

[0120] The following is an embodiment of the collaborative operation of various modules in the high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device provided by the present invention through a logical link of "monitoring-location-self-healing-communication". The specific interaction relationship is as follows:

[0121] (1) Monitoring start-up phase: The flexible sensing strip is attached to the surface of the cable, each sensor enters the periodic monitoring mode, and the solar panel charges the energy storage battery;

[0122] (2) Signal acquisition stage: When a discharge signal (ultrasound / UHF / temperature / electric field exceeding the standard) is detected, multiple sensors are triggered to acquire the signal synchronously and transmit it to the preprocessing module for noise reduction;

[0123] (3) Precise positioning stage: The discharge location is calculated using the improved TDOA algorithm. The positioning results are synchronized to the local LCD screen and control unit;

[0124] (4) Self-healing execution phase: Triggered by the control unit The location-specific electrothermal module actively ruptures the microcapsules while monitoring the self-healing process;

[0125] (5) Status feedback stage: The location results and self-healing status (success / failure) are encrypted and transmitted to the operation and maintenance platform through the dual-mode module to trigger the corresponding warning (yellow / orange / red).

[0126] (6) Sleep return phase: When self-healing is completed and there are no new signals, the system returns to low-power sleep mode.

[0127] In summary, the high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device provided by this invention adopts an integrated solution of "flexible composite sensing + improved fusion positioning + multi-condition self-healing protection," solving the problems of incomplete monitoring coverage, low positioning accuracy, poor device installation adaptability, and lack of intelligent closed-loop management in existing technologies. Unlike traditional rigid sensors, this invention uses polyimide composite silicone rubber as a flexible substrate, integrating ultrasonic, UHF electromagnetic wave, and temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing units, and arranging them along the entire length to adapt to cables of various sizes and bending scenarios, shortening installation time and eliminating monitoring blind spots; at the same time, it avoids false triggering by a single signal through a "trigger-based synchronous acquisition" mode. In terms of the core functions of positioning and self-healing, this invention achieves precise and efficient protection through dual innovations. The positioning end employs a "wavelet noise reduction + improved TDOA + temperature correction" algorithm, first performing three layers of noise reduction on the dual signals; then, based on the difference in propagation speed between ultrasound and electromagnetic waves, the initial position is calculated, and a temperature correction coefficient is introduced for dynamic optimization, significantly reducing positioning errors. The self-healing end uses custom-designed urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsules with a cross-linking degree >85%, employing a dual mechanism of "passive response + active triggering." This allows for natural rupture through high temperature and pressure generated by discharge, or precise rupture of the heating element triggered by the positioning module. The self-healing agent quickly solidifies to form a high-insulation-strength repair layer, significantly reducing the risk of insulation breakdown. The system ensures adaptability to complex scenarios through anti-interference communication and low-power power supply, forming a complete closed loop. The communication module adopts a LoRa-5G dual-mode design, coupled with AES-256 encryption and adaptive channel switching, significantly reducing communication interruption and data lag rates in strong electromagnetic environments. The power supply end uses flexible solar panels paired with lithium iron phosphate batteries, adaptable to tunnels, overhead installations, and other scenarios without external power sources. Each module works collaboratively in the sequence of "monitoring-location-self-healing-feedback-sleep", which not only achieves the integration of full-range monitoring, precise location and proactive repair, but also supports fault review through data storage and trend analysis, significantly reducing operation and maintenance costs and power outage losses.

[0128] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0129] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0130] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0131] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0132] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A partial discharge location and self-healing protection device for high-voltage cables, characterized in that, include: A flexible composite sensor array is used to attach to the surface of a high-voltage cable to synchronously acquire multi-source signals generated by partial discharge in a triggered acquisition mode. An improved ultrasonic-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system, connected to the flexible composite sensor array, is used to process the acquired signals and calculate the location of the discharge point based on an improved time difference of arrival algorithm. A multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system is connected to the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system to trigger self-healing action based on the location of the discharge point and generate a self-healing execution status signal. An anti-interference communication module, connected to the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system and the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system, is used to encrypt and transmit the discharge point location and the self-healing execution status signal; A low-power control unit is connected to the flexible composite sensor array, the improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system, the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system, and the anti-interference communication module, respectively, and is used to coordinate the timing and control of each module. A solar power unit is used to provide electrical energy to the protective device.

2. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible composite sensing array includes: The flexible sensing strip has a substrate of polyimide composite silicone rubber. An ultrasonic sensor array, arranged on the flexible sensor strip, is used to collect ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge. A UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array, paired with the ultrasonic sensing array and spaced apart on the flexible sensing strip, is used to collect electromagnetic wave signals generated by partial discharge. The temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit is arranged at the same point as the ultrasonic sensing array and the UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array, and is used to collect the temperature signal and electric field intensity signal of the discharge point. The trigger-based acquisition mode is as follows: when the signal detected by any of the ultrasonic sensing array, the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave sensing array, or the temperature-electric field assisted sensing unit exceeds its preset threshold, the other sensors at the same location are triggered to synchronously acquire signals.

3. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The improved ultrasound-electromagnetic wave fusion positioning system includes: A signal preprocessing module is used to perform wavelet noise reduction processing on the ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal; An improved spatiotemporal fusion positioning algorithm module is used to calculate the initial discharge point location based on the difference in propagation speed between the denoised ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal, using an improved time difference of arrival algorithm. The positioning result correction module is used to correct the initial discharge point position based on the temperature signal and / or electric field intensity signal collected by the temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit to obtain the final discharge point position. The positioning result output module is used to output the final discharge point location to the low-power control unit and the multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system.

4. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the initial discharge point location using the improved time-of-arrival algorithm includes: The arrival times of the noise-reduced ultrasonic and electromagnetic wave signals at each sensor are extracted; Calculate the arrival time difference between the ultrasonic signal and the electromagnetic wave signal at the same sensor, and the difference of this time difference between adjacent sensors; Based on the time difference, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal in the high-voltage cable, and the sensor spacing, the initial distance of the discharge point relative to the sensor is calculated as the initial discharge point position.

5. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multi-condition triggered microcapsule self-healing system includes: Microcapsule self-healing agents contain insulating and repairing materials encapsulated within them; A trigger control unit, connected to the positioning result output module, is used to generate a trigger command based on the final discharge point location; An electrothermal trigger module is connected to the trigger control unit and is correspondingly disposed on the flexible sensing strip. It is used to receive the trigger command and generate local high temperature so that the microcapsule self-healing agent at the corresponding position ruptures and releases the insulating repair material. The trigger control unit is also used to monitor the self-healing process and generate a self-healing execution status signal indicating whether the self-healing is successful or failed.

6. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anti-interference communication module includes: An anti-interference LoRa-5G dual-mode module for data transmission between LoRa and 5G modes; A data encryption unit is used to encrypt the final discharge point location and the self-healing execution status signal; The channel adaptive switching module is used to monitor the communication channel quality in real time and automatically switch the communication mode or channel when the signal quality is below a threshold.

7. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The low-power control unit includes: A low-power microcontroller MCU serves as the main controller for the protection device. A timing control module, connected to the low-power microMCU, is used to control the protective device to operate according to the timing sequence of "monitoring-location-self-healing-communication-sleep". The fault warning module, connected to the low-power micro MCU, is used to trigger graded warnings based on the intensity changes of the partial discharge signal of the high-voltage cable.

8. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The solar power supply unit includes: Flexible solar panels are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. An energy storage battery is used to store electrical energy and power the protective device. The MPPT module is used to optimize the power output efficiency of the flexible solar panel.

9. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ultrasonic sensing array uses a ZnO nanowire / PVDF heterostructure sensor, and the UHF electromagnetic wave sensing array uses a microstrip antenna structure sensor with an anti-interference shielding layer.

10. The high-voltage cable partial discharge location and self-healing protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The correction coefficient used by the positioning result correction module is positively correlated with the temperature value collected by the temperature-electric field auxiliary sensing unit. When the collected temperature is higher than a preset threshold, the correction coefficient is introduced to correct the position of the initial discharge point.

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