Method and system for evaluating threat of substation equipment in HEMP environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a substation equipment threat assessment method and system in an HEMP environment, and relates to the technical field of electromagnetic protection of a power system, and the method comprises the steps: restoring a real coupling scene of the HEMP and a cable through comprehensive collection and deep integration of multi-dimensional parameters by means of a simulation model, replacing the traditional qualitative judgment with a quantitatively calculated threat index, and obtaining a threat assessment result. Precise grading of the HEMP threat degree of a single cable is achieved, protection resources are matched in a targeted mode based on the grading result, the problem that in the prior art, protection resource configuration is unbalanced is solved, meanwhile, a complete closed loop is formed from parameter collection to protection execution in the whole process, it is ensured that protection measures are highly matched with the actual threat state of the cable, and the safety of the cable is improved. The reliability and engineering practicability of the HEMP protection scheme are remarkably improved, and the core requirement for safe and stable operation of the transformer substation in the extreme electromagnetic environment is fully met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic protection technology for power systems, and in particular to a method and system for assessing the threat to substation equipment under HEMP (Hyper-Electromagnetic Protection) conditions. Background Technology

[0002] The power system is the core infrastructure for energy supply and operation. As a key node in power transmission and dispatch, the operational reliability of substations is directly related to the stable supply of the power grid and the normal operation of production and daily life. High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is an extremely destructive electromagnetic threat with a peak field strength of hundreds of kV / m and a rise time of only nanoseconds. After radiating and propagating to the substation area, it will cause strong electromagnetic coupling with the connecting cables of key equipment in the substation (such as low-voltage power supply equipment, monitoring and control equipment, etc.), inducing overvoltage and overcurrent to enter the equipment, which can easily cause abnormal equipment function or even permanent damage. Therefore, electromagnetic protection of substation equipment in HEMP environment has become one of the core research directions in the field of power industry safety.

[0003] Currently, industry research on protection against this threat has gradually focused on cables as a key carrier of HEMP threats. Related technologies largely revolve around the electromagnetic coupling effect of cables. However, existing solutions still have significant limitations in practical engineering applications. Specifically, current technologies can only qualitatively determine the degree of harm by measuring the peak values ​​of induced voltage and current in cables. They cannot integrate the actual characteristics of the threat source with the cable's own state information for systematic analysis, making it difficult to accurately quantify and classify the threat level. This directly leads to a mismatch in the allocation of protection resources. For example, excessive investment in protection measures for low-threat-level cables results in unnecessary cost consumption, while high-threat-level cables still face high safety risks due to insufficient protection measures. Ultimately, the reliability and engineering practicality of existing HEMP protection solutions cannot meet the actual safe operation requirements of substations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for threat assessment of substation equipment in a HEMP environment. It solves the technical problem that existing technologies can only make qualitative judgments on the threat assessment of connecting cables of key substation equipment in a high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse environment, making it difficult to achieve accurate quantitative classification of the threat level. This leads to misallocation of protection resources and fails to meet the actual safe operation requirements of substations for the reliability and engineering practicality of protection schemes.

[0005] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for assessing the threat to substation equipment in a HEMP environment, comprising:

[0006] Collect HEMP threat source parameters of the substation to be evaluated, as well as the connection cable parameters associated with the key equipment in the substation to be evaluated;

[0007] A coupled simulation model is constructed using the parameters of the connecting cables;

[0008] Based on the HEMP threat source parameters and the connection cable parameters, the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated is determined;

[0009] The HEMP plane wave is loaded into the coupled simulation model for simulation to obtain coupled response data.

[0010] The threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cable is determined by using the coupling response data and the associated preset tolerance threshold.

[0011] Optionally, the connecting cable parameters include cable structural parameters, cable electrical parameters, and cable laying parameters, and the step of constructing a coupled simulation model using the connecting cable parameters includes:

[0012] Construct a benchmark simulation model of the substation to be evaluated;

[0013] Using the cable structure parameters, a layered model of the cable geometry is performed to obtain a three-dimensional geometric model of the cable.

[0014] Based on the cable laying parameters, the three-dimensional geometric model of the cable is embedded into the reference simulation model to obtain an intermediate simulation model;

[0015] The intermediate simulation model is assigned electrical parameter values ​​based on the cable electrical parameters to obtain the coupled simulation model.

[0016] Optionally, the HEMP threat source parameters include time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters. Determining the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated based on the HEMP threat source parameters and the connection cable parameters includes:

[0017] Based on the time-domain waveform parameters, determine the time-domain characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave;

[0018] Based on the spatial angle parameters and the cable laying parameters, determine the spatial characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave;

[0019] The time-domain characteristic parameters and the spatial characteristic parameters are integrated to generate the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated.

[0020] Optionally, determining the threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cable using the coupling response data and an associated preset tolerance threshold includes:

[0021] Multiple target ratios are obtained by comparing the ratios of multiple peak indices within the coupled response data with the associated preset tolerance thresholds.

[0022] The maximum value among the multiple target ratios is selected as the threat index of the critical equipment associated connection cable.

[0023] Optionally, it also includes:

[0024] Compare the threat index with the preset threat level range;

[0025] The threat level of the connecting cable is determined based on the preset threat level range to which the threat index belongs;

[0026] Match the protection command corresponding to the threat level, and perform the corresponding protection action on the connection cable according to the protection command.

[0027] Optionally, the coupling response data includes the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end, the peak value of the core-shield voltage, the peak value of the induced current in the shield, the peak value of the armor current, and the peak value of the core current.

[0028] The second aspect of this invention provides a substation equipment threat assessment system under a HEMP environment, comprising:

[0029] The data acquisition module is used to collect HEMP threat source parameters of the substation to be evaluated, as well as the connection cable parameters associated with key equipment in the substation to be evaluated.

[0030] A construction module is used to build a coupled simulation model using the parameters of the connecting cables;

[0031] The analysis module is used to determine the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated based on the HEMP threat source parameters and the connection cable parameters.

[0032] The simulation module is used to load the HEMP plane wave into the coupled simulation model for simulation and obtain coupled response data.

[0033] The processing module is used to determine the threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cable by using the coupling response data and an associated preset tolerance threshold.

[0034] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described above.

[0035] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed, implements the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described above.

[0036] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides a computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions, wherein, when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described above.

[0037] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0038] This invention provides a method and system for threat assessment of substation equipment under HEMP environment. The system collects HEMP threat source parameters and related parameters of connecting cables associated with key equipment in the substation to be assessed. First, a high-fidelity coupling simulation model is constructed based on the cable parameters. Then, the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation is accurately determined by combining the two types of parameters. This plane wave is loaded into the coupling simulation model for electromagnetic simulation to obtain coupling response data. Subsequently, the threat index of a single connecting cable is calculated by comparing the coupling response data with a preset tolerance threshold. Finally, customized protection actions are performed on the corresponding cables based on the matching result of the threat index and a preset threat level range. By comprehensively collecting and deeply integrating multi-dimensional parameters, and using simulation models to recreate the real coupling scenario between HEMP and cables, and replacing traditional qualitative judgment with a quantitatively calculated threat index, this approach not only achieves accurate classification of the HEMP threat level of individual cables, but also allows for targeted matching of protection resources based on the classification results. This solves the problem of unbalanced protection resource allocation in existing technologies. At the same time, the entire process, from parameter collection to protection execution, forms a complete closed loop, ensuring that protection measures are highly compatible with the actual threat status of cables. This significantly improves the reliability and engineering practicality of the HEMP protection solution, fully meeting the core requirement of safe and stable operation of substations in extreme electromagnetic environments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a threat assessment method for substation equipment in a HEMP environment, as provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a substation equipment threat assessment system under a HEMP environment provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] This invention provides a method and system for threat assessment of substation equipment in a HEMP environment. It addresses the technical problem that existing technologies can only make qualitative judgments on the threat assessment of connecting cables of critical substation equipment in a high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse environment, making it difficult to accurately quantify and classify the degree of threat. This leads to misallocation of protection resources and fails to meet the actual safe operation requirements of substations for the reliability and practicality of protection schemes.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that, in the optional embodiments of the present invention, the data related to object information, etc., requires the permission or consent of the object when the embodiments of the present invention are applied to specific products or technologies. Furthermore, the collection, use, and processing of the relevant data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the relevant countries and regions. In other words, if the embodiments of the present invention involve data related to an object, it needs to be obtained with the object's authorization and consent, the authorization and consent of relevant departments, and in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations, and standards of the country and region. If the embodiments involve personal information, the acquisition of all personal information requires the individual's consent. If sensitive information is involved, the separate consent of the information subject is required. The embodiments also need to be implemented with the object's authorization and consent.

[0046] High-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulses (HEMPs) are characterized by high peak field strength (50~500kV / m), short rise time (1~5ns), and wide coverage, posing a significant threat to critical intelligent equipment in substations. This invention constructs a coupled simulation model integrating HEMP characteristics and substation equipment cable parameters. By accurately acquiring the time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters of the HEMP plane wave, as well as the measurement parameters of the connecting cables of the equipment under test in the substation, a highly realistic simulation environment is achieved using CST electromagnetic simulation software, thereby accurately obtaining the coupling response indicators of cables under HEMP conditions. The target protection point is determined by a threat index assessment method based on the relative ratios of various peak indicators determined by the coupling response time-domain waveform to the tolerance threshold. An innovative system is also developed to classify threat levels and determine response priorities based on the threat index. This system provides a scientific, accurate, and engineering-practical solution for threat assessment of substation equipment under HEMP conditions.

[0047] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a threat assessment method for substation equipment in a HEMP environment, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] This invention provides a method for threat assessment of substation equipment in a HEMP environment, comprising:

[0049] Step 101: Collect HEMP threat source parameters of the substation to be evaluated, as well as the connection cable parameters associated with key equipment in the substation to be evaluated.

[0050] Substations to be evaluated: These are substations that require assessment and protection against electromagnetic threats under HEMP conditions. They are critical nodes for power transmission and dispatch, and contain key equipment such as low-voltage power supply, monitoring and control, primary and secondary integrated equipment, and time synchronization systems. The purpose of the evaluation is to determine the extent to which internal connecting cables are threatened by HEMP in order to match precise protection measures.

[0051] HEMP threat source parameters are parameters that characterize the plane wave characteristics of high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulses acting on substations. Specifically, they include time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters. Their core function is to provide a basis for the characteristics of threat sources in constructing HEMP plane waves that conform to the actual threat characteristics and conducting electromagnetic coupling simulations of HEMP and cables.

[0052] Connecting cable parameters: These refer to the characteristic parameters of the connecting cables between key equipment in the substation to be evaluated. They cover the structural, electrical, and laying parameters of the cables. Different types of cables correspond to different parameter types. Their purpose is to provide basic characteristic data of the cables for building high-fidelity coupling simulation models and analyzing the electromagnetic coupling effect between HEMP and the cables.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, HEMP, or High Altitude Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse, refers to a strong electromagnetic pulse covering a large area generated by a high-altitude nuclear explosion. The specific HEMP threat source parameters are the time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters of the HEMP plane wave. The time-domain waveform parameters include peak field strength (the maximum value of the HEMP plane wave electric field strength, a core indicator characterizing HEMP intensity), rise time (the time required for the HEMP plane wave electric field strength to rise from 10% to 90% of its peak value, reflecting the steepness of the HEMP pulse rise), and pulse width (the time required for the HEMP plane wave electric field strength to remain above 50% of its peak value). The duration of the HEMP pulse reflects its sustained energy characteristics. Spatial angular parameters include the incident angle (the angle between the propagation direction of the HEMP plane wave and the ground or connecting cable axis of the substation being evaluated, affecting the coupling strength between the HEMP and the cable) and the polarization angle (the angle between the electric field vector direction of the HEMP plane wave and the plane where the connecting cable is laid, determining the coupling mode of the HEMP electric field components to the cable). For the connecting cable parameters associated with critical equipment within the substation being evaluated, the type of critical equipment must first be identified. Critical equipment includes low-voltage power supply equipment (such as chargers and batteries, referring to equipment that provides low voltage power to secondary equipment in the substation). The equipment includes: voltage-powered equipment, monitoring and control equipment (such as heavy gas and light gas monitoring, temperature monitoring, fault recording, and switching relays, which are used to monitor the status of substation equipment and achieve stable control), primary and secondary integrated equipment (such as current and voltage transformers, which are used to realize signal conversion and transmission between the primary and secondary systems of the substation), and time synchronization systems (such as time synchronization antennas, which are used to synchronize the time of substation equipment). Data is then collected on the connection cables corresponding to different key equipment: For low-voltage power supply equipment, DC power cables are used, and their wiring methods are divided into two types: one is directly connected to the secondary equipment through the indoor power cabinet. There are two types of cabling: backup power supply (power cabinet directly connected to terminal box) and power supply to remote secondary equipment through intermediate terminal box (from one terminal box to the equipment). In both of these cabling methods, the power lines at both ends are open circuits in the armor layer and shielding layer, and the core wires are also open circuits. The measurement parameters of this type of cable include the core wire cross-sectional area (the cross-sectional area of ​​the cable core wire, which affects the cable's current carrying capacity and electrical impedance), the shielding layer braiding density (the coverage ratio of the metal braid in the cable shielding layer, reflecting the electromagnetic shielding effect of the shielding layer), and the insulation dielectric loss (the degree of energy loss of the cable insulation layer under the action of an electric field, which affects the insulation performance of the cable).Corresponding to monitoring and stability control equipment are switch signal transmission cables. These cables are used in heavy gas monitoring circuits and trip coil operation control circuits. In the heavy gas monitoring circuit, when the heavy gas relay detects excessive gas levels in the transformer or reactor due to arc discharge or overheating, the relay contacts close, providing a switch control signal to the relay protection device, causing the device to alarm or trip. The trip coil operation control circuit consists of two cable sections. After observing abnormal conditions in the power system, the protection control equipment in the main control room transmits switch signals through these two cable sections to the opening and closing coils, circuit breakers, etc., to achieve the disconnection and closing of equipment or lines. These cables are divided into those from the indoor cabinet to the terminal box, and those from... The signal line from the indoor cabinet to the terminal box is used to transmit the switching signals from the main control room to the terminal box for secondary equipment operation control. This section of cable is mainly laid in the cable trench, with open circuits at both ends of its armor layer, grounded at both ends of its shielding layer, and open circuits at both ends of its core wire. The signal line from the terminal box to the equipment is used to transmit the switching signals from the terminal box to the opening and closing coils, circuit breakers, etc., for secondary equipment operation control. This section of cable is mainly laid outside the cable trench (directly connected to the equipment from inside the trench), with open circuits at both ends of its armor layer, grounded at the terminal box side, and open circuits at both ends of its core wire. The measurement parameters for this type of cable include the shielding layer thickness (the physical thickness of the cable shielding layer, which affects the mechanical strength and shielding properties of the shielding layer). Performance), armor layer material (such as galvanized steel and aluminum alloy; the type of material for the cable armor layer affects the cable's mechanical protection and electromagnetic characteristics), distributed capacitance (the capacitance per unit length between the cable core and the shielding layer, affecting the transmission characteristics of switching signals); For primary and secondary fusion equipment, there are analog transmission cables used in PT and CT signal acquisition circuits. These cables are divided into two sections: from the indoor cabinet to the terminal box, and from the equipment to the terminal box. The signal line from the terminal box to the indoor cabinet transmits the analog signals acquired by the equipment back to the main control room for monitoring. This section of cable is mainly laid in underground cable trenches. Its armor layer is open-circuited, both ends of the shielding layer are grounded, and at the front end of the cable (terminal box side), one core wire is grounded at one end to transmit the signal. The signal line forming a loop is used to transmit analog signals collected on the equipment back to the main control room for monitoring. This cable is mainly laid outside the cable trench (directly connected to the equipment from inside the trench). Its armor layer is open, the shielding layer is grounded on the terminal box side, and there is a single-end grounded core wire at the front end of the cable (on the terminal box side) to form a signal transmission loop. The measurement parameters of this type of cable include core wire impedance (the sum of the resistance and reactance of the cable core wire, which affects the transmission attenuation of the analog signal), shielding layer grounding resistance (the resistance value of the grounding end of the cable shielding layer, which affects the electromagnetic shielding and grounding effect of the shielding layer), and analog signal amplitude (the maximum voltage or current of the analog signal transmitted by the cable, reflecting the signal strength characteristics).The coaxial cable connects the time synchronization antenna and the satellite clock unit to achieve the time synchronization function. The shielding layer of this cable is open to ground. Its measurement parameters include characteristic impedance (the characteristic impedance between the coaxial cable core and the shielding layer, which needs to be matched with the impedance of the time synchronization equipment to ensure signal transmission quality), shielding coverage (the coverage ratio of the coaxial cable shielding layer, affecting the anti-interference capability of the time synchronization signal), and core-shield insulation strength (the maximum voltage that the coaxial cable core and shielding layer can withstand, reflecting the cable's insulation safety performance).

[0054] Step 102: Construct a coupled simulation model using the parameters of the connecting cables.

[0055] Furthermore, the connection cable parameters include cable structural parameters, cable electrical parameters, and cable laying parameters. Step 102 may include the following sub-steps:

[0056] S11. Construct a benchmark simulation model of the substation to be evaluated.

[0057] A baseline simulation model is a simulation model constructed at a 1:1 scale, taking the substation to be evaluated as the object and including its physical layout and basic boundary conditions.

[0058] In this embodiment of the invention, based on CST electromagnetic simulation software, the layout of the substation to be evaluated is modeled at a 1:1 scale, specifically including the main control room, terminal boxes, equipment cabinets (such as battery cabinets and PLC control cabinets), and building walls (reinforced concrete walls with reinforcement spacing set to 0.2~0.5m). At the same time, boundary conditions are set: the air domain of the model is configured as a radiation boundary, which can absorb HEMP waves to avoid reflection interference, providing a basic environment that fits the actual scene for the embedding of the cable model and electromagnetic simulation.

[0059] S12. Use cable structure parameters to perform layered modeling of cable geometry to obtain a three-dimensional geometric model of the cable.

[0060] Layered modeling of cable geometry: This is a specialized modeling method for connecting cables associated with key equipment in substations during the electromagnetic simulation model construction process. Specifically, it refers to the operation of constructing three-dimensional entities of each layer according to the actual physical layers of the connecting cable (such as core wire, insulation layer, shielding layer, armor layer, etc.) using electromagnetic simulation software such as CST. Its core is to restore the geometric dimensions and spatial structure of each layer of the cable, and finally obtain a three-dimensional geometric model that is consistent with the physical form of the actual cable.

[0061] Cable structural parameters refer to parameters that characterize the structural characteristics of each physical layer of the connecting cable (such as core cross-sectional area, shielding layer thickness, armor layer material, etc.).

[0062] A cable 3D geometric model refers to a 3D simulation model that recreates the structure of each layer of the connecting cable.

[0063] In this embodiment of the invention, different types of connecting cables (DC power supply cables, switch transmission cables, etc.) in the substation to be evaluated are modeled separately. The three-dimensional entities of each part are constructed in sequence according to the core wire, shielding layer, and armor layer (if the cable is equipped with an armor layer), ensuring that the dimensions of each layer are consistent with the values ​​of the cable structure parameters.

[0064] S13. Based on the cable laying parameters, embed the three-dimensional geometric model of the cable into the benchmark simulation model to obtain the intermediate simulation model.

[0065] Cable laying parameters refer to parameters that characterize the actual layout of connecting cables within the substation to be evaluated (such as laying path, cable length, etc.).

[0066] Intermediate simulation model refers to a simulation model that integrates the benchmark layout of the substation to be evaluated with the three-dimensional geometry of the cables.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, the completed three-dimensional geometric model of the cable is arranged in the benchmark simulation model according to the actual laying path corresponding to the cable laying parameters (such as the horizontal and vertical path of control cabinet-terminal box-equipment), and the cable length is set to the actual measured value on site (5~20m) so that the spatial position of the cable is completely matched with the actual laying state, thereby forming an intermediate simulation model that includes the substation layout and cable geometry.

[0068] S14. Assign electrical parameters to the intermediate simulation model based on the cable electrical parameters to obtain the coupled simulation model.

[0069] Cable electrical parameters refer to parameters that characterize the electrical properties of connecting cables and substation building components (such as core impedance, shielding layer grounding resistance, concrete dielectric constant, and steel reinforcement conductivity).

[0070] A coupled simulation model is a high-fidelity model that integrates HEMP characteristics and equipment cable parameters, and can be used to conduct simulations of the electromagnetic coupling between HEMP and cables.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, based on CST electromagnetic simulation software, corresponding electrical parameters are assigned to each part of the intermediate simulation model: actual material parameters (dielectric constant of concrete, conductivity of steel bars) are configured for the building walls, and corresponding electrical parameters (such as impedance of core wire, grounding resistance of shielding layer, etc.) are assigned to the core wires, shielding layers, and other layers of various connecting cables. After the assignment is completed, a coupled simulation model that can be used for subsequent HEMP plane wave simulation is obtained.

[0072] Step 103: Based on the HEMP threat source parameters and connection cable parameters, determine the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated.

[0073] Furthermore, the HEMP threat source parameters include time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters, and step 103 may include the following sub-steps:

[0074] S21. Determine the time-domain characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave based on the time-domain waveform parameters.

[0075] Time-domain waveform parameters are a type of HEMP threat source parameter, referring to parameters that characterize the time-domain waveform shape and intensity of HEMP plane waves, specifically including peak field strength. Ascent time and pulse width .

[0076] Time-domain characteristic parameters refer to parameters obtained through mathematical modeling that characterize the specific time-domain waveform of a HEMP plane wave, including the double exponential function expression and the corresponding rise time constant. and decay time constant .

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, based on the CST electromagnetic simulation software, a double exponential function is used to fit the time-domain waveform of the HEMP plane wave, specifically:

[0078] ;

[0079] In the formula, The time-domain electric field intensity function representing a HEMP plane wave is a mathematical expression used to characterize the variation of electric field intensity of a HEMP plane wave at different time points. Indicates peak field strength. Represents the rise time constant. This represents the decay time constant.

[0080] in, In order to rise time The rise time constants are correlated, and the two satisfy the following correlation:

[0081] ;

[0082] To match the pulse width The associated decay time constants, the two satisfy the following correlation:

[0083]

[0084] In the specific implementation, the acquired time-domain waveform parameters ( , and Substituting the above relationships, the corresponding calculation is obtained. and This is used to determine the double exponential waveform characteristics of the HEMP plane wave, thus completing the determination of the time-domain characteristic parameters. At the same time, the waveform is generated by simulating it using a high-speed oscilloscope to verify that the error between its rise time, pulse width and the acquired time-domain waveform parameters is ≤5%, ensuring that the time-domain characteristic parameters conform to the actual waveform law of HEMP.

[0085] S22. Determine the spatial characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave based on the spatial angle parameters and cable laying parameters.

[0086] Spatial angular parameters are a type of HEMP threat source parameter, referring to parameters characterizing the spatial propagation direction of HEMP plane waves, specifically including the incident angle. and polarization angle .

[0087] Spatial characteristic parameters refer to parameters that characterize the incident relationship between HEMP plane waves and substation cables and building space, namely the incident angle and polarization angle corresponding to the incident attitude; the most unfavorable angle refers to the incident angle that can produce the strongest electromagnetic coupling effect between HEMP and cables.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the spatial characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave are determined according to the selection logic of the most unfavorable angle, based on the cable laying parameters (cable laying direction, laying plane) in the connection cable parameters: if the cable is laid horizontally (e.g., cable from the main control room to the terminal box), the incident angle is the angle between the cable and the horizontal axis of the cable, usually selected as 30~60°; if the cable is laid vertically (e.g., vertical cable from the terminal box to the equipment), the incident angle is the angle between the cable and the vertical axis of the cable, usually selected as 45° (taking into account the coupling of horizontal and vertical components); if the cable is laid horizontally (e.g., horizontal cable in a cable trench), the polarization angle is vertically polarized (…). The electric field direction is perpendicular to the ground, because a vertically polarized electric field is more likely to induce voltage in a horizontal cable; if the cable is laid along a vertical plane (such as a vertical cable on a column), the polarization angle is taken as horizontal polarization ( (The electric field direction is parallel to the ground), because a horizontally polarized electric field is more likely to induce voltage in a vertical cable.

[0089] S23. Integrate the time-domain characteristic parameters and spatial characteristic parameters to generate a HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated.

[0090] HEMP plane wave refers to a plane electromagnetic pulse wave that simulates the propagation characteristics of high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulses and acts on the substation to be evaluated, possessing both a preset time-domain waveform and a spatial incident attitude.

[0091] In this embodiment of the invention, the time-domain characteristic parameters determined in S21 (corresponding to the double exponential waveform) , and The spatial characteristic parameters (incident angle) determined by S22 are... and polarization angle The data are integrated to obtain a HEMP plane wave that combines the corresponding time-domain characteristics and spatial incident attitude. Simultaneously, this HEMP plane wave is loaded into a coupled simulation model of a "cable + substation scenario" in CST electromagnetic simulation software for verification: first, time-domain waveform verification confirms that the error between the simulated HEMP time-domain waveform and the theoretical double-exponential waveform is ≤5%; second, spatial coupling verification involves changing the incident angle / polarization angle and observing the changing trend of the cable coupling response (such as the peak value of induced voltage), which conforms to physical laws such as "vertical polarization has stronger coupling to horizontal cables." This completes the generation of the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated.

[0092] Step 104: Load the HEMP plane wave into the coupled simulation model and perform simulation to obtain coupled response data.

[0093] Furthermore, the coupling response data includes the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end, the peak value of the core-shield voltage, the peak value of the shield induced current, the peak value of the armor current, and the peak value of the core current.

[0094] Coupling response index: refers to the voltage and current physical quantities of various parts of the cable after the HEMP plane wave is electromagnetically coupled with the substation connection cable. Specifically, it includes the induced voltage at the cable end, the core-shield voltage, the shield induced current, the armor current, and the core current. It is a basic physical quantity that reflects the strength of the coupling effect.

[0095] Coupled response time-domain waveform: refers to a curve with time as the horizontal axis and the value of the coupled response index as the vertical axis, which shows the dynamic change of the coupled response index over time and can fully reflect the changing characteristics of each response index during the HEMP coupling process.

[0096] Coupled response data: refers to the peak data of each coupled response index extracted from the time domain waveform of the coupled response, including the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end, the peak value of the core wire-shield voltage, the peak value of the shielding current, the peak value of the armor current, and the peak value of the core wire current. It is the core input basis for subsequently determining the cable threat index.

[0097] In this embodiment of the invention, a HEMP plane wave is loaded into the constructed coupling simulation model. Simultaneously, based on the actual scenario of the substation to be evaluated, the angle between the incident direction of the HEMP plane wave and the cable axis is configured. Then, the electromagnetic simulation process is initiated to obtain the coupling response indicators corresponding to the cable through simulation. These coupling response indicators include voltage indicators (induced voltage at the cable end, core-shield voltage) and current indicators (induced current in the shield, armor current, and core current). Next, a coupling response time-domain waveform is generated based on the aforementioned coupling response indicators. This waveform, with time as the horizontal axis and the corresponding response indicator values ​​as the vertical axis, fully presents the dynamic changes of each indicator over time. Finally, based on the generated coupling response time-domain waveform, the peak data corresponding to each indicator is extracted, namely the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end, the peak value of the core-shield voltage, the peak value of the induced current in the shield, the peak value of the armor current, and the peak value of the core current. The extracted peak data is the required coupling response data.

[0098] Step 105: Using the coupled response data and the associated preset tolerance threshold, determine the threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cables.

[0099] Furthermore, step 105 may include the following sub-steps:

[0100] S31. Ratio calculations are performed using multiple peak indices within the coupled response data and associated preset tolerance thresholds to obtain multiple target ratios.

[0101] Preset tolerance thresholds refer to the maximum safe values ​​of voltage and current that the connecting cables and corresponding components of key equipment in a substation can withstand. These include the induced voltage tolerance threshold at the cable end, the core-shield voltage tolerance threshold, and the induced current tolerance threshold of the shielding layer. They serve as a safety benchmark for judging the degree of HEMP threat to cables.

[0102] Target ratio: refers to the ratio of the peak index in the coupled response data to the corresponding preset tolerance threshold. It reflects the proportion of the actual coupled response relative to the safety threshold and is an intermediate parameter for quantifying the degree of threat.

[0103] In this embodiment of the invention, the peak index included in the coupling response data is specifically the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end. Core wire-shield voltage peak Peak value of induced current in shielding layer Peak current of armor layer Peak current of core wire The associated preset tolerance thresholds include the cable end induced voltage tolerance threshold. Core wire-shield voltage withstand threshold Shielding layer induced current withstand threshold Armor layer current withstand threshold Core wire current withstand threshold ;

[0104] Each peak indicator is compared to its corresponding preset tolerance threshold, and the resulting target ratios include:

[0105]

[0106] S32. Select the maximum value from multiple target ratios as the threat index of critical equipment associated connection cables.

[0107] Threat Index: The maximum value selected from multiple target ratios is used to characterize the most severe HEMP threat to critical equipment-related connecting cables. It is the core basis for determining the threat level and matching protective actions.

[0108] In this embodiment of the invention, the threat index is determined using the following formula:

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, This indicates the threat index.

[0111] Step 106: Compare the threat index with the preset threat level range, and perform corresponding protective actions on the connecting cable based on the comparison results.

[0112] Furthermore, step 106 may include the following sub-steps:

[0113] S41. Compare the threat index with the preset threat level range.

[0114] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset threat level range is a pre-defined set of 5 index ranges based on the threat level of substation connection cables in a HEMP environment. The range corresponding to level 1 is: <0.3, the interval corresponding to level 2 is 0.3≤ The interval corresponding to <0.5 and level 3 is 0.5≤ The interval corresponding to level 4 is 0.8≤. The intervals corresponding to levels <1.0 and 5 are: ≤1.0; the threat index corresponding to the connecting cable obtained in step 105. The range of the threat index is then compared with the five preset threat level ranges mentioned above to determine the range in which the threat index falls.

[0115] S42. Determine the threat level of the connecting cable based on the preset threat level range to which the threat index belongs.

[0116] In this embodiment of the invention, the threat level of the connecting cable and the associated risk level and response priority are determined according to the range of the threat index: if the threat index is in the range of ... If the value is less than 0.3, the threat level is Level 1 (no threat), corresponding to no risk and no response priority; if the value is less than or equal to 0.3... If the value is less than 0.5, the threat level is level 2 (low threat), corresponding to a minor disturbance risk and a low priority response; if the value is less than or equal to 0.5... If the value is less than 0.8, the threat level is 3 (medium threat), corresponding to a functional abnormality and a medium priority response; if the value is less than or equal to 0.8... If the value is less than 1.0, the threat level is 4 (high threat), corresponding to a severe failure risk and a high priority response. If the value is ≤1.0, the threat level is 5 (lethal threat), the corresponding risk level is equipment damage, and the response priority is emergency response.

[0117] As shown in Table 1 below:

[0118] Table 1. Threat Levels and Corresponding Parameters for Substation Connection Cables under EMP Environment

[0119]

[0120] S43. Match the protection command corresponding to the threat level, and perform the corresponding protection action on the connecting cable according to the protection command.

[0121] Preset threat level range: refers to a set of pre-divided ranges corresponding to the threat index. Each range corresponds to a threat level and serves as the range benchmark for determining the degree of HEMP threat to the connection cable.

[0122] Threat Level: This refers to the level (1-5 levels) that characterizes the severity of HEMP threats to the connecting cable, determined based on the preset range of the threat index. It is associated with corresponding risk levels and response priorities.

[0123] Protection instructions: These are instructions that are matched to the threat level and used to guide the execution of protection actions. Different threat levels correspond to protection instructions of different strengths.

[0124] Protection execution unit: refers to the hardware module (such as relay, SPD trigger module) that performs protection actions. It can start the corresponding protection measures according to the protection instructions and report its own working status.

[0125] In this embodiment of the invention, a corresponding protection command is matched according to the determined threat level: if the threat level is 1-2, the command "activate basic protection only" is matched, and grounding protection actions are performed on the connecting cable; if the threat level is 3-4, the command "activate basic protection + intermediate protection" is matched, and protection actions such as TVS (transient voltage suppressor) deployment and filter configuration are performed on the connecting cable; if the threat level is 5, the command "activate all protection measures" is matched, and protection actions such as shielding cover installation and current limiter deployment are performed on the connecting cable; at the same time, the protection execution unit (such as relay, SPD trigger module) will provide real-time feedback on its own working status (including whether the SPD is activated, whether the grounding resistance is qualified, etc.), and the controller records the corresponding protection log to complete the entire protection action process.

[0126] To facilitate understanding, a specific example is provided below:

[0127] Based on the HEMP environment threat assessment method for substation equipment proposed in this invention, step 101 is used to collect HEMP threat source parameters (time-domain waveform parameters, spatial angle parameters) of the substation to be assessed and parameters (including cable structure, electrical, and laying parameters) of the cables associated with each key equipment. Step 102 is then used to construct a coupled simulation model including a 1:1 layout of the substation and the layered geometry of the cables. Step 103 is then used to determine the HEMP plane wave with both double-exponential time-domain characteristics and the most unfavorable spatial incident attitude, and load it into the coupled simulation model to complete the electromagnetic simulation in step 104 to obtain coupled response data. Combined with a preset tolerance threshold, step 105 calculates the threat index of each cable. Based on this, the HEMP coupling characteristics of the cables associated with key equipment inside the substation are studied, and hazard assessments are conducted for typical cables.

[0128] (1) For DC power supply cables connecting weak current power supply equipment (corresponding to weak current power supply equipment, such as batteries): Based on the cable parameters (core cross-sectional area, shield braiding density, insulation dielectric loss, etc.) and laying parameters (two wiring methods: directly supplying power to secondary equipment through indoor power cabinet and supplying power to remote secondary equipment through intermediate terminal box) collected in step 101, the cable layer geometric model is completed in step 102 and embedded into the substation benchmark simulation model to form a coupled simulation model; then, according to the HEMP plane wave (double exponential time domain waveform combined with the 30°~60° incident angle and vertical polarization angle selected for horizontal laying cable) determined in step 103, the model is loaded for simulation, and the coupled response data is obtained in step 104: when the response at the end of the cable reaches its maximum, the DC power supply cable can sense a voltage peak higher than 100kV at both ends (corresponding to the peak voltage induced at the end of the cable in the coupled response data), and the threat index calculated by combining its preset tolerance threshold is in a high range; at this time, the high voltage at the end of the cable may discharge to the equipment shell, causing a short circuit and interfering with the stability of power transmission, and the corresponding threat level can reach a high priority response level.

[0129] (2) For the switch transmission cables connecting monitoring equipment and stability control equipment (corresponding to monitoring and stability control equipment, such as gas relays and circuit breaker relays): ① For the transmission cables connecting the indoor control cabinet to the terminal box: Based on the cable parameters (shielding layer thickness, armor material is galvanized steel aluminum alloy, distributed capacitance, etc.) and laying parameters (laid in cable trench, open circuit at both ends of armor layer, grounded at both ends of shielding layer, open circuit at both ends of core wire) collected in step 101, its layered geometric model is constructed in step 102 and embedded into the benchmark simulation model; after loading the HEMP plane wave (vertical polarization corresponding to horizontal laying, incident angle of 30°~60°) determined in step 103 to complete the simulation, the coupling response data is obtained in step 104: the peak value of the induced current of the shielding layer of this cable can reach up to 60A (corresponding to the peak value of the induced current of the shielding layer in the coupling response data), and the threat index calculated by combining the preset tolerance threshold is in the medium-high range; at this time, the large induced current on the shielding layer of multiple such cables will generate a time-varying electromagnetic field inside the metal cabinet, which is easy to interfere with the signal transmission of the equipment inside the cabinet. ② For the transmission cable connecting the terminal box to the equipment: Based on the cable parameters and laying parameters (laid outside the cable trench, open circuit at both ends of the armor layer, grounded at the terminal box side of the shielding layer, and open circuit at both ends of the core wire) collected in step 101, a coupling simulation model is constructed. After loading the corresponding HEMP plane wave simulation, the coupling response data is obtained in step 104: The cable induces a voltage peak of up to 10kV on the equipment side (corresponding to the core wire-shielding layer voltage peak). When the HEMP plane wave is a vertically polarized wave irradiation (the most unfavorable polarization angle selected for horizontally laid cables in step 103), the induced voltage peak on the equipment side can reach up to 65kV, and the corresponding threat index is close to or reaches the fatal threat range. At this time, the high voltage may directly damage the secondary equipment or interfere with the normal transmission of the switch control signal, resulting in abnormal alarm and tripping actions of the relay protection device.

[0130] (3) For analog transmission cables connecting primary and secondary integrated equipment (corresponding to primary and secondary integrated equipment, such as PT and CT): ① For transmission cables connecting indoor control cabinet to terminal box: Based on the cable parameters (core impedance, shielding layer grounding resistance, analog signal amplitude, etc.) and laying parameters (laid in underground cable trench, armor layer open circuit, shielding layer grounded at both ends, and one core wire grounded at one end on the terminal box side) collected in step 101, a coupling simulation model is constructed. After loading the HEMP plane wave determined in step 103 to complete the simulation, the coupling response data is obtained in step 104: The peak value of the shielding layer induced current of this cable segment can reach up to 40A (corresponding to the peak value of the shielding layer induced current). Combined with the preset tolerance threshold, the threat index is in the medium-high range. Since the voltage level of the analog transmission signal in the substation is usually 0~5V and the current level is 0~24mA, this induced current will cause great disturbance to the signal transmission, interfere with the normal operation of the substation secondary system, and may even directly cause the core wire to burn out, causing the control module in the main control room to malfunction and disconnect the equipment, affecting the stable operation of the substation. ② For the transmission cable connecting the terminal box to the equipment: Based on the cable parameters and laying parameters (laid outside the cable trench, open armor layer, grounded shielding layer on the terminal box side, and single-end grounding of one core wire on the terminal box side) collected in step 101, a coupling simulation model is constructed. After loading the corresponding HEMP plane wave simulation, the coupling response data is obtained in step 104: the cable induces a voltage peak of up to 20kV on the equipment side (corresponding to the core wire-shielding layer voltage peak), and the current of the grounded core wire on the terminal box side rises synchronously; when the HEMP plane wave is a vertically polarized wave, the induced voltage peak on the equipment side can reach up to 70kV, and the corresponding threat index reaches the fatal threat range; at this time, the high voltage may directly damage the secondary equipment, and at the same time interfere with the transmission accuracy of analog signals, affecting the accuracy of PT and CT signal acquisition circuits.

[0131] (4) For coaxial cables connecting the time synchronization antenna and the satellite clock host: Based on the cable parameters (characteristic impedance, shielding coverage, core-shield insulation strength, etc.) and laying parameters collected in step 101, combined with the substation benchmark simulation model containing reinforced concrete walls (reinforcement spacing 0.2~0.5m) constructed in step 102, the geometric modeling and electrical parameter assignment of the cable are completed to form a coupled simulation model; after loading the HEMP plane wave simulation determined in step 103, the coupling response data is obtained in step 104: ① The building wall and its conductive materials (reinforcement bars) will have a significant impact on the peak value and waveform of the coupling voltage of the cable by changing the electromagnetic environment, while the influence of the cable length itself on the coupling voltage is weaker than that of the building wall; at the same time, the grounding state of the cable has a great impact on the coupling voltage, and the protection effect of double-end grounding and equipment-side grounding is similar. When the cable is grounded and close to the reinforced concrete wall, the coupling voltage will show a state similar to saturation. ② In the most severe scenario (open circuit at both ends of the shielding layer): Simulation results show that the peak coupling voltage of the cable is approximately 270kV (corresponding to the peak induced voltage at the cable end). Combined with the preset withstand threshold, the threat index is far higher than the fatal threat range. At this time, the instantaneous overvoltage will cause the connected downstream electronic equipment to face the risk of thermal effect damage or thermal-field breakdown. ③ If the protection method of grounding both ends of the shielding layer is adopted (corresponding to the grounding action of the basic protection in step 106): The core wire will generate a current peak of about 3A through field excitation (corresponding to the peak current of the core wire), and the current peak on the shielding layer can even reach 260A (corresponding to the peak induced current of the shielding layer). The corresponding threat index is still in the high threat range. Excessive current and voltage will cause the substation to lose timing control, further affecting the normal operation of the relay protection equipment. ④ Considering the actual scenario (close to a double-layered concrete wall and with good grounding at both ends): the simulation shows that the peak coupling current on the core wire is about 0.6A (corresponding to the peak current of the core wire). Although the corresponding threat index has decreased, it is still in the low threat range. Although the current is small at this time, it still poses a potential threat to the electronic system. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the protective actions in step 106 to further protect the vulnerable electronic system at the back end by suppressing the current entering the equipment or weakening the external electric field at the cable.

[0132] Compared with existing technologies that only qualitatively determine hazards based on peak voltage / current inductance in cables, this invention has several significant advantages:

[0133] First, this invention constructs a coupled simulation model that integrates HEMP characteristics and substation equipment cable parameters. It fully considers the time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters of HEMP plane waves, as well as the measurement parameters of the connecting cables of the substation equipment under test. This model can more comprehensively and accurately simulate the actual working conditions of substation equipment under HEMP conditions. In contrast, existing technologies lack comprehensive consideration of multiple key parameters, and the simulation environment is not realistic enough.

[0134] Secondly, this invention utilizes CST electromagnetic simulation software to achieve a highly realistic simulation environment, which can accurately acquire the coupling response indicators of cables in a HEMP environment, including voltage and current indicators, providing detailed and accurate data support for subsequent threat assessment. Existing technologies, on the other hand, lack the precision and comprehensiveness required for accurate threat assessment.

[0135] Furthermore, this invention employs a threat index assessment method based on the relative ratios of peak indicators determined by the coupled response time-domain waveform to the tolerance threshold. This threat index is used to classify threat levels and determine response priorities, forming a scientific, accurate, and engineering-practical threat assessment system. In contrast, existing technologies cannot accurately classify threat levels, leading to misallocation of protection resources and low reliability and engineering practicality of protection solutions. This invention effectively avoids these problems, rationally allocates protection resources, and improves the reliability and engineering practicality of protection solutions.

[0136] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a substation equipment threat assessment system under a HEMP environment, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] This invention provides a substation equipment threat assessment system under a HEMP environment, comprising:

[0138] The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire HEMP threat source parameters of the substation to be evaluated, as well as connection cable parameters associated with key equipment in the substation to be evaluated.

[0139] Module 202 is used to build a coupled simulation model using the parameters of the connecting cables;

[0140] Analysis module 203 is used to determine the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated based on HEMP threat source parameters and connection cable parameters;

[0141] Simulation module 204 is used to load HEMP plane waves into a coupled simulation model for simulation and obtain coupled response data;

[0142] Processing module 205 is used to determine the threat index of critical equipment associated connection cables by using coupled response data and associated preset tolerance thresholds.

[0143] Furthermore, the connection cable parameters include cable structural parameters, cable electrical parameters, and cable laying parameters. The building module 202 includes:

[0144] The benchmark simulation model submodule is used to build a benchmark simulation model of the substation to be evaluated.

[0145] The cable 3D geometry model submodule is used to perform layered modeling of the cable geometry using cable structure parameters to obtain a 3D geometric model of the cable.

[0146] The intermediate simulation model submodule is used to embed the three-dimensional geometric model of the cable into the reference simulation model according to the cable laying parameters to obtain the intermediate simulation model;

[0147] The coupled simulation model submodule is used to assign electrical parameters to the intermediate simulation model based on the cable electrical parameters to obtain the coupled simulation model.

[0148] Furthermore, the HEMP threat source parameters include temporal waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters, and the analysis module 203 includes:

[0149] The time-domain characteristic parameter submodule is used to determine the time-domain characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave based on the time-domain waveform parameters.

[0150] The spatial characteristic parameter submodule is used to determine the spatial characteristic parameters of HEMP plane waves based on spatial angle parameters and cable laying parameters.

[0151] The integration submodule is used to integrate time-domain characteristic parameters and spatial characteristic parameters to generate a HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated.

[0152] Furthermore, the processing module 205 includes:

[0153] The target ratio submodule is used to perform ratio calculations between multiple peak indicators in the coupled response data and the associated preset tolerance thresholds to obtain multiple target ratios;

[0154] The Threat Index submodule is used to select the maximum value from multiple target ratios as the threat index for critical equipment-related connection cables.

[0155] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0156] The comparison submodule is used to compare the threat index with the preset threat level range;

[0157] The threat level submodule is used to determine the threat level of the connection cable based on the preset threat level range to which the threat index belongs;

[0158] The protection action submodule is used to match protection commands corresponding to the threat level and perform corresponding protection actions on the connecting cables according to the protection commands.

[0159] Furthermore, the coupling response data includes the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end, the peak value of the core-shield voltage, the peak value of the shield induced current, the peak value of the armor current, and the peak value of the core current.

[0160] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0161] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a memory 301 and a processor 302. The memory 301 stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor 302, the processor 302 performs the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described in the above embodiment.

[0162] Memory 301 may be an electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Memory 301 has storage space 303 for program code 313 for performing any of the method steps described above. For example, storage space 303 for program code may include various program codes 313 for implementing the various steps in the methods described above. These program codes may be read from or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, CDs, memory cards, or floppy disks. The program code may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form. When run by a computing processing device, this code causes the computing processing device to perform the various steps in the methods described above. These program codes may be read from or written to one or more computer program products. These computer program products include program code carriers such as hard disks, CDs, memory cards, or floppy disks. The program code may be compressed, for example, in a suitable form. When this code is run by a computing processing device, it causes the device to perform the various steps in the substation equipment threat assessment method described above in the HEMP environment.

[0163] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described in the above embodiments.

[0164] This invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described in the above embodiments.

[0165] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0166] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0167] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0168] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0169] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0170] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for threat assessment of substation equipment in a HEMP environment, characterized in that, include: Collect HEMP threat source parameters of the substation to be evaluated, as well as the connection cable parameters associated with the key equipment in the substation to be evaluated; A coupled simulation model is constructed using the parameters of the connecting cables; Based on the HEMP threat source parameters and the connection cable parameters, the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated is determined; The HEMP plane wave is loaded into the coupled simulation model for simulation to obtain coupled response data. The threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cable is determined by using the coupling response data and the associated preset tolerance threshold.

2. The substation equipment threat assessment method under HEMP environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting cable parameters include cable structural parameters, cable electrical parameters, and cable laying parameters. The construction of a coupled simulation model using these connecting cable parameters includes: Construct a benchmark simulation model of the substation to be evaluated; Using the cable structure parameters, a layered model of the cable geometry is performed to obtain a three-dimensional geometric model of the cable. Based on the cable laying parameters, the three-dimensional geometric model of the cable is embedded into the reference simulation model to obtain an intermediate simulation model; The intermediate simulation model is assigned electrical parameter values ​​based on the cable electrical parameters to obtain the coupled simulation model.

3. The substation equipment threat assessment method under HEMP environment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The HEMP threat source parameters include time-domain waveform parameters and spatial angle parameters. Determining the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated based on the HEMP threat source parameters and the connection cable parameters includes: Based on the time-domain waveform parameters, determine the time-domain characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave; Based on the spatial angle parameters and the cable laying parameters, determine the spatial characteristic parameters of the HEMP plane wave; The time-domain characteristic parameters and the spatial characteristic parameters are integrated to generate the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated.

4. The substation equipment threat assessment method under HEMP environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cable by using the coupling response data and a pre-defined tolerance threshold includes: Multiple target ratios are obtained by comparing the ratios of multiple peak indices within the coupled response data with the associated preset tolerance thresholds. The maximum value among the multiple target ratios is selected as the threat index of the critical equipment associated connection cable.

5. The method for assessing the threat to substation equipment in a HEMP environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Compare the threat index with the preset threat level range; The threat level of the connecting cable is determined based on the preset threat level range to which the threat index belongs; Match the protection command corresponding to the threat level, and perform the corresponding protection action on the connection cable according to the protection command.

6. The method for assessing the threat to substation equipment in a HEMP environment according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The coupling response data includes the peak value of the induced voltage at the cable end, the peak value of the core-shield voltage, the peak value of the induced current in the shield, the peak value of the armor current, and the peak value of the core current.

7. A threat assessment system for substation equipment under a HEMP environment, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect HEMP threat source parameters of the substation to be evaluated, as well as the connection cable parameters associated with key equipment in the substation to be evaluated. A construction module is used to build a coupled simulation model using the parameters of the connecting cables; The analysis module is used to determine the HEMP plane wave acting on the substation to be evaluated based on the HEMP threat source parameters and the connection cable parameters. The simulation module is used to load the HEMP plane wave into the coupled simulation model for simulation and obtain coupled response data. The processing module is used to determine the threat index of the critical equipment's associated connection cable by using the coupling response data and an associated preset tolerance threshold.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program including program instructions, wherein when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the substation equipment threat assessment method under the HEMP environment as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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