Dry-type power transformer with efficient heat dissipation structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a dry-type power transformer with an efficient heat dissipation structure, and relates to the technical field of heat dissipation of power equipment. Comprising a placing shell and a mounting box arranged in the placing shell, and a transformer body is arranged in the box. A lifting driving device is arranged on the lower end face of the installation box to drive the installation box to ascend and descend, cooling fins are arranged in the box, one end of the box is connected with a cooling fan, cooling holes are formed in the two sides of the box, a sliding door is arranged at the other end of the box, and a plurality of strip-shaped holes are formed in the lower end face of the box. Rotating wheels are arranged on the two sides of the mounting box and are meshed with vertical racks on the inner side of the placing shell; a two-way screw is arranged between two ends of the box and is coaxial with the rotating wheel, and two ends of the screw are provided with baffles for opening and closing the heat dissipation holes. And through cooperation of the lifting driving device and the linkage mechanism, intelligent opening and closing of the heat dissipation channel and optimization of the overhaul space are achieved, and the environmental adaptability and maintenance convenience of the transformer are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for power equipment, and in particular to a dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Dry-type power transformers are widely used in urban buildings, rail transit, and industrial plants due to their advantages such as being oil-free, fire-resistant, and environmentally friendly. Their core component, the transformer body, generates a large amount of heat during operation. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it will lead to accelerated aging of the winding insulation, performance degradation, and even malfunctions. Therefore, an efficient and reliable heat dissipation structure is crucial to ensuring the long-term stable operation of dry-type power transformers.

[0003] In existing technologies, the heat dissipation methods for dry-type transformers mainly rely on natural air cooling and forced air cooling. Natural air cooling typically relies on the natural convection of air around the transformer windings to dissipate heat, or on ventilation holes in the transformer casing to assist convection. This method has relatively low heat dissipation efficiency and is suitable for small-capacity or lightly loaded applications. Forced air cooling, on the other hand, usually involves installing cooling fans inside or outside the transformer casing to force airflow and remove heat, significantly enhancing heat dissipation capacity. However, whether using simple ventilation holes or adding fans, the heat dissipation channels are usually kept open both during transformer operation and when not in operation. This allows external dust, moisture, small animals, etc., to easily enter the transformer through the ventilation holes when it is shut down, causing contamination or corrosion of the insulation materials and posing safety hazards, especially in harsh environments such as dusty and humid conditions.

[0004] Therefore, designing a heat dissipation structure that can meet the high-efficiency heat dissipation requirements of transformers during operation, while effectively sealing the heat dissipation channels and isolating them from adverse external environmental factors when not in operation, has become a pressing technical problem in this field. Existing solutions include designs using manual covers or louvers, but these are inconvenient to operate, rely on manual labor, are difficult to automate and control, and are prone to jamming or incomplete sealing with long-term use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a dry-type power transformer with a highly efficient heat dissipation structure.

[0006] This invention provides a dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure, employing the following technical solution: A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure includes a housing, an installation box inside the housing, a transformer body installed inside the installation box, a lifting drive device installed on the lower end face of the installation box, the output end of the lifting drive device being fixedly connected to the installation box to drive it to rise and fall relative to the housing, a heat sink installed inside the installation box, a cooling fan connected to one end of the installation box, heat dissipation holes on both sides of the installation box, a pull-out door at the end of the installation box away from the cooling fan, and several strip-shaped holes on the lower end face of the installation box.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, when the transformer is working, the cooling fan starts, and external air can enter the mounting box sequentially through the gaps in the sliding door and the slotted holes, flowing over the heat sink and the surface of the transformer body to carry away heat, and then being discharged through the heat dissipation holes on both sides, forming a forced air cooling cycle. When maintenance is required, the lifting drive device drives the mounting box to rise, raising the entire mounting box, making it easier for operators to approach the transformer body from the side. At the same time, the raised position of the heat dissipation holes also facilitates airflow. This solution combines heat dissipation and maintenance convenience. The cooling fan and multi-directional ventilation structure work together to improve heat dissipation efficiency, while the lifting design optimizes maintenance space.

[0008] Optionally, the lifting drive device is a lifting cylinder, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder passes through the bottom of the mounting shell and is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the mounting box.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting cylinder provides stable and reliable linear lifting power. When its piston rod rises, it can smoothly lift the mounting box and the internal transformer body as a whole, separating the bottom of the mounting box from the bottom of the housing to create a maintenance work space. When the piston rod retracts, the mounting box slowly descends and resets. This structure has a fast response, simple control, and is easy to integrate with an automated control system to realize the switching between the transformer's working position and maintenance position.

[0010] Optionally, the mounting box has rotating wheels on both sides and connecting plates at both ends. The two connecting plates are arranged opposite each other, and a bidirectional screw is provided between the two connecting plates. The bidirectional screw and the rotating wheels are coaxially fixedly connected. The inner side of the mounting shell is provided with racks, which are vertically arranged and mesh with the rotating wheels. The two ends of the bidirectional screw are provided with baffles for controlling the opening and closing of the heat dissipation holes. The heat dissipation holes are evenly opened on both sides of the rotating wheels. When the transformer body is in the working state, the baffles are away from the heat dissipation holes, and the heat dissipation holes are in the open state; when the transformer is not in the working state, the baffles are on the heat dissipation holes, and the heat dissipation holes are in the closed state.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the lifting drive device drives the mounting box to rise, the rotating wheel rolls upward along the vertical rack fixed inside the mounting shell and rotates, driving the coaxial bidirectional screw to rotate. The rotation of the bidirectional screw drives the nut blocks at both ends to move the baffle towards the center of the mounting box, thereby fully exposing the heat dissipation holes and forming a ventilation channel. When the mounting box descends, the rotating wheel rotates in the opposite direction, driving the bidirectional screw to reverse, causing the baffle to move towards both ends of the mounting box until it covers the heat dissipation holes. The entire process automatically converts the vertical lifting motion of the mounting box into the horizontal opening and closing motion of the baffle, realizing the automatic switching of the heat dissipation channel opening when the transformer is working and closing when it is stopped, effectively preventing dust and moisture from entering during shutdown.

[0012] Optionally, the pull-out door is a vertical pull-out door, with limit strips on both sides of the pull-out door and limit grooves on both sides of the mounting box, with the limit strips located at the limit grooves.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the cooperation between the limiting strip and the limiting groove ensures that the sliding door can only slide up and down in a vertical direction, guaranteeing the stability of the door's movement trajectory and preventing it from tilting or jamming during pushing and pulling. Lifting the sliding door upwards opens the opening at the end of the mounting box, facilitating a direct inspection or maintenance of internal components such as the transformer body and heat sink; pushing it downwards closes the door, making operation simple and providing good sealing.

[0014] Optionally, vertical plates are provided on both sides of the sliding door, and the vertical plates are fixedly connected to the sliding door. A locking block is fixedly connected to the baffle plate at the end away from the cooling fan. A locking slot is opened on the vertical plate, and the locking block is set in correspondence with the locking slot. When the transformer is in working state, the locking block is located in the locking slot; when the transformer is not in working state, the locking block is disengaged from the locking slot.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the mounting box rises to the working position, the baffle opens, and the locking block on it moves to a position roughly aligned with the slot on the vertical plate of the sliding door, gradually inserting itself to lock the sliding door. When the mounting box descends and the baffle moves in the closing direction, the locking block moves with the baffle; if the sliding door is closed at this time, the locking block will gradually disengage from the slot as the baffle completely closes the heat dissipation holes, thus making the sliding door openable. When the mounting box rises again, the locking block moves with the baffle and inserts into the sliding door, locking the sliding door and preventing it from being accidentally opened during transformer operation.

[0016] Optionally, the lower end face of the mounting box is equipped with a number of support legs, which are evenly distributed.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the mounting box is lowered to its lowest position (non-operating or transport state), the support legs first contact the bottom inner surface of the housing, providing stable support for the mounting box and preventing the bottom of the mounting box from directly contacting the housing. This protects the box structure and ensures that the ventilation function of the slotted opening is not completely blocked. The support legs also play a certain role in shock absorption and cushioning, reducing the transmission of vibrations generated during transformer operation or handling.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: By employing a linkage mechanism consisting of a rotating wheel, rack, double-acting screw, and baffle, the baffle automatically opens and closes its heat dissipation holes as the mounting box moves up and down. When the transformer is operating, the mounting box is in a high position, and the baffle opens the heat dissipation channel, working in conjunction with the cooling fan to achieve efficient forced air cooling. When the transformer stops operating, the mounting box descends, and the baffle automatically closes the heat dissipation channel, effectively preventing the intrusion of external contaminants such as dust and moisture. This achieves intelligent switching between heat dissipation and protection, improving the transformer's environmental adaptability and long-term operational reliability. By using a lifting cylinder to drive the installation box to rise and fall, not only is a power source provided for the aforementioned baffle opening and closing mechanism, but the entire transformer body and installation box can also be lifted relative to the shell, which greatly facilitates the inspection, maintenance or replacement of parts inside the transformer from the side of the pull-out door, reducing the difficulty and cost of operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure in its non-operating state.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure in operation.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mounting box.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting box.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the mounting box.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, Transformer body; 1, Housing; 2, Mounting box; 21, Heat sink; 22, Cooling fan; 23, Heat dissipation hole; 24, Sliding door; 241, Limiting strip; 25, Strip hole; 26, Support leg; 3, Lifting drive device; 31, Lifting cylinder; 4, Automatic heat dissipation hole opening and closing mechanism; 41, Rotating wheel; 42, Connecting plate; 43, Bidirectional screw; 44, Baffle; 45, Vertical plate; 46, Slot; 47, Locking block. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to all the accompanying drawings.

[0026] This invention discloses a dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-5 A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure includes a housing 1, a mounting box 2, a lifting drive device 3, heat sinks 21, a cooling fan 22, and an automatic heat dissipation hole 23 opening and closing mechanism. The housing 1 is a rectangular metal shell, usually made of welded or bolted steel plates.

[0028] Reference Figures 1-5 The mounting box 2 is a rectangular box slightly smaller than the internal space of the housing 1, and is located inside the housing 1. The bottom plate, side plates, and end plates of the mounting box 2 together form a closed or semi-closed space to accommodate the core transformer body 100. The mounting box 2 is suspended and can move vertically relative to the housing 1 by means of a lifting drive device 3 installed on its lower end face. In this embodiment, the lifting drive device 3 specifically adopts two parallel lifting cylinders 31. The cylinder body of the lifting cylinder 31 is fixedly installed on the reinforcing base on the outer side of the bottom of the housing 1 by bolts. Its piston rod is vertically upward, passes through the sealing guide hole on the bottom plate of the housing 1, and its end is firmly connected to the lower end face of the mounting box 2 by a flange. By controlling the intake of compressed air into the cylinder chamber, the piston rod can be driven to extend or retract smoothly, thereby precisely controlling the rise and fall of the mounting box 2. A sealing ring and a linear bearing are provided between the piston rod and the perforation of the bottom plate of the housing 1 to ensure the smoothness of movement and prevent the entry of external debris.

[0029] Reference Figures 1-5 Inside the mounting box 2, the transformer body 100, i.e., the core and winding assembly of the dry-type transformer, is fixedly installed. To efficiently dissipate and transfer heat, heat sinks 21 are tightly installed around the windings of the transformer body 100, especially in areas with high temperature rise. These heat sinks 21 are preferably made of materials with high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum alloy or copper, and achieve good thermal contact with the winding surface through thermal grease or mechanical clamping. The heat sinks 21 increase the heat dissipation area in contact with the air.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-5 A cooling fan 22 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one end of the mounting box 2. The cooling fan 22 is connected to the mounting box 2 via a bracket, and its airflow direction can be directed towards the inside of the mounting box 2 or adjusted according to the air duct design. The function of the cooling fan 22 is to force airflow during operation.

[0031] Reference Figures 1-5 To create an effective heat dissipation airflow, multiple rows of regularly arranged heat dissipation holes 23 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right side walls of the mounting box 2. These heat dissipation holes 23 serve as the main outlets for hot air exhaust. Simultaneously, a rectangular maintenance opening is provided at the end of the mounting box 2 furthest from the cooling fan 22, where a pull-out door 24 is installed. The pull-out door 24 has a vertical sliding structure, and its door panel can be a ventilation panel with a dust filter or a solid sealed panel, depending on whether air intake from that end is required. On the lower end surface (bottom plate) of the mounting box 2, multiple parallel strip-shaped holes 25 are also formed along its length. These strip-shaped holes 25 serve as auxiliary air inlets or ventilation channels, particularly facilitating airflow at the bottom.

[0032] Reference Figures 1-5 One of the core innovations of this embodiment lies in the integration of a linkage mechanism that converts the lifting motion of the mounting box 2 into the automatic opening and closing of the heat dissipation holes 23. The specific structure of this mechanism is as follows: On the left and right outer walls of the mounting box 2, a rotating wheel 41 is mounted on each side via a bearing seat with a sealed bearing. The axle of the rotating wheel 41 is horizontally positioned and perpendicular to the side of the mounting box 2. Inside the mounting box 2, at its front and rear ends along its length, a rectangular connecting plate 42 is vertically fixed, with the two connecting plates 42 parallel to each other. Between these two connecting plates 42, a bidirectional screw 43 is horizontally installed, with its axis parallel to the length of the mounting box 2. The bidirectional screw 43 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating wheel 41 to achieve power transmission. The two ends of the bidirectional screw 43 have threads with opposite directions of rotation. On the left and right inner sides of the mounting shell 1, a vertical rack is fixedly mounted by bolts, with the teeth of the rack precisely aligned with the rotating wheel 41 on the side of the mounting box 2. When the mounting box 2 is raised or lowered, the rotating wheels 41 on both sides of it always remain engaged with the corresponding racks.

[0033] Reference Figures 1-5 A rectangular baffle 44 is threaded onto each of the two threads of the bidirectional screw 43. The baffle 44 is located on the outside of the mounting box 2, parallel to the side wall of the mounting box 2, and with a small gap. The area of ​​the baffle 44 is sufficient to completely cover all the heat dissipation holes 23 on the corresponding side.

[0034] Reference Figures 1-5 A vertical limiting strip 241 is welded to each of the two sides of the sliding door 24. Correspondingly, a limiting groove matching the cross-section of the limiting strip 241 is installed on each of the two side frames of the front opening of the mounting box 2. The limiting strip 241 is embedded in the limiting groove, so that the sliding door 24 can only slide up and down strictly in the vertical direction, and cannot sway back and forth or left and right, thus ensuring the stability of the movement and the fit of the sealing surface.

[0035] Reference Figures 1-5A reinforcing vertical plate 45 is vertically fixed to the inner side of each sliding door 24. A locking block 47 is fixed to the inner surface of the baffle 44 on the side away from the cooling fan 22. On the vertical plates 45 on both sides of the sliding door 24, at the height corresponding to the locking block 47, a complementary slot 46 is provided.

[0036] Reference Figures 1-5 When the transformer enters the working state, the mounting box 2 rises, and the front baffle 44 moves towards the center to open the heat dissipation hole 23. During this process, the locking block 47 on the baffle 44 also moves horizontally. When the mounting box 2 reaches the working position, the locking block 47 moves to a position that is horizontally aligned with the slot 46 on the vertical plate 45. Since the baffle 44 also reaches its opening stroke end point after the mounting box 2 is in place, if the sliding door 24 is in the closed state at this time, the locking block 47 will be embedded in the slot 46, forming a mechanical interlock. This restricts the movement of the sliding door 24 in the horizontal direction, preventing it from opening due to electromagnetic vibration or accidental collision during transformer operation, thus ensuring operational safety. When the transformer stops, the mounting box 2 descends, and the baffle 44 moves towards the closing direction, the locking block 47 is forced to be pulled horizontally out of the slot 46, thereby automatically releasing the lock on the sliding door 24. Only then can the sliding door 24 be lifted for maintenance. This design organically links the movement of the heat dissipation hole 23 and the baffle 44 with the safety locking function of the maintenance door, further enhancing the overall safety and automation of the equipment.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-5 The lower end face of the mounting box 2 is equipped with several support legs 26, which are evenly distributed. When the mounting box 2 is lowered to its lowest position (non-operating or transport state), the support legs 26 first contact the bottom inner surface of the housing 1, providing stable support for the mounting box 2 and preventing the bottom of the mounting box 2 from directly contacting the housing 1. This protects the box structure and ensures that the ventilation function of the slotted holes 25 is not completely blocked. The support legs 26 also play a certain role in shock absorption and cushioning, reducing the transmission of vibrations generated during transformer operation or transportation.

[0038] The implementation principle of a dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: When the dry-type transformer needs to be put into operation, the external control system first controls the lifting cylinder 31 to operate. Compressed air enters the lower chamber of the cylinder, pushing the piston rod to extend smoothly, thereby lifting the entire mounting box 2 upward. During the lifting process of the mounting box 2, the rotating wheels 41 on both sides are forced to rotate because they mesh with the vertical rack fixed to the inner wall of the mounting shell 1. This rotational motion is transmitted to the double-acting screw 43 through the wheel axle and coupling, causing it to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the double-acting screw 43 drives the two nut blocks screwed on its two opposite threads to move simultaneously along the screw towards the middle (i.e., the middle of the mounting box 2). The movement of the nut blocks drives the baffles 44 on the left and right sides to retract towards the middle through the connecting arm, thereby gradually opening and finally fully exposing the heat dissipation holes 23 on both sides of the mounting box 2. When the mounting box 2 rises to the preset "working position" height (which can be determined by the cylinder limit switch or position sensor), the baffles 44 move exactly to the limit position, and the heat dissipation holes 23 reach the maximum opening. At this time, the cooling fan 22 is activated. Cooling air, driven by the fan's suction or thrust, enters the enclosure primarily through the gaps in the sliding door 24 at the front of the mounting box 2 (or directly through a mesh panel if necessary), and the slotted holes 25 at the bottom. The airflow passes over the heated transformer body 100 and the surface of its heat sink 21, absorbing heat and increasing in temperature, becoming hot air. Driven by the fan, this hot air is then expelled at high speed through the fully open cooling holes 23 on both sides, forming a highly efficient, directional forced air cooling circulation path, achieving rapid and uniform heat dissipation for the transformer.

[0039] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure, characterized in that, The device includes a housing (1), which contains an installation box (2). The installation box (2) contains a transformer body (100). The lower end of the installation box (2) is equipped with a lifting drive device (3). The output end of the lifting drive device (3) is fixedly connected to the installation box (2) to drive it to rise and fall relative to the housing (1). The installation box (2) contains a heat sink (21). One end of the installation box (2) is connected to a cooling fan (22). Both sides of the installation box (2) are provided with heat dissipation holes (23). The end of the installation box (2) away from the cooling fan (22) is provided with a pull-out door (24). The lower end of the installation box (2) is provided with several strip holes (25).

2. A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting drive device (3) is a lifting cylinder (31), and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder (31) passes through the bottom of the mounting shell (1) and is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the mounting box (2).

3. A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mounting box (2) is provided with rotating wheels (41) on both sides and with connecting plates (42) at both ends. The two connecting plates (42) are arranged opposite each other and with a bidirectional screw (43) between them. The bidirectional screw (43) and the rotating wheel (41) are coaxially fixedly connected. The inner side of the housing (1) is provided with racks. The racks are arranged vertically and mesh with the rotating wheel (41). The two ends of the bidirectional screw (43) are provided with baffles (44) for controlling the opening and closing of the heat dissipation holes (23). The heat dissipation holes (23) are evenly opened on both sides of the rotating wheel (41). When the transformer body (100) is in working state, the baffles (44) are away from the heat dissipation holes (23) and the heat dissipation holes (23) are in the open state. When the transformer is in non-working state, the baffles (44) are on the heat dissipation holes (23) and the heat dissipation holes (23) are in the closed state.

4. A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pull-out door (24) is a vertical pull-out door (24). There are limit strips (241) on both sides of the pull-out door (24). Limit grooves are opened on both sides of the mounting box (2). The limit strips (241) are located at the limit grooves.

5. A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sliding door (24) has vertical plates (45) on both sides. The vertical plates (45) are fixedly connected to the sliding door (24). A locking block (47) is fixedly connected to the baffle (44) at the end away from the cooling fan (22). A locking groove (46) is opened on the vertical plate (45). The locking block (47) and the locking groove (46) are correspondingly set. When the transformer is in working state, the locking block (47) is located in the locking groove (46); when the transformer is not in working state, the locking block (47) is disengaged from the locking groove (46).

6. A dry-type power transformer with a high-efficiency heat dissipation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lower end face of the mounting box (2) is equipped with several support legs (26), which are evenly distributed.

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