Modularized Faraday disc

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of Faraday discs, and particularly discloses a modularized Faraday disc which comprises an insulating substrate, a Faraday disc base body, an insulating gland and a metal grid mesh. A stepped groove is formed in the middle of the insulating substrate; a containing groove is formed in the middle of the Faraday disc base body. The insulating gland is configured to be detachably connected with the Faraday disc base body; the metal grid mesh is clamped between the Faraday disc base body and the insulating gland, so that a shielding cavity is formed in the accommodating groove; the insulating substrate is detachably arranged in the accommodating groove, and the stepped groove is provided with a plurality of steps; a plurality of collecting plates are detachably arranged on the plurality of steps, and the specifications and / or shapes of the collecting plates on different steps are different or the same; the collecting plates positioned on different steps are parallel to each other; according to the modularized Faraday disc, high-resolution and multi-channel synchronous ion plume distribution measurement can be realized, the result is stable, the reproducibility is high, and the pertinence of an experiment and the comprehensiveness of data acquisition are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Faraday disk technology, and more specifically to a modular Faraday disk. Background Technology

[0002] Among existing plume diagnostic methods, the combination of Faraday cup (FC) and time-of-flight (TOF) technology is a common approach. However, traditional single Faraday cups are mostly used to measure the total current or average charge of the plume, making it difficult to analyze the radial velocity gradient, circumferential distribution differences, and non-uniform characteristics within the plume. Therefore, research and engineering fields have gradually developed multi-point diagnostic schemes based on arrayed Faraday cup probes. However, current technologies still suffer from limitations such as simple sampling methods, lack of adjustability and flexibility, and difficulty in simultaneously acquiring radial and circumferential plume data. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular Faraday disk that enables high-resolution, multi-channel synchronous measurement of ion plume distribution, with stable and highly reproducible results.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A modular Faraday disk includes: an insulating substrate, a Faraday disk body, an insulating cap, and a metal grid.

[0005] A stepped groove is provided in the middle of the insulating substrate. A receiving groove is provided in the middle of the Faraday disk substrate.

[0006] The insulating gland is configured to be detachably connected to the Faraday disk base. A metal mesh is sandwiched between the Faraday disk base and the insulating gland to form a shielded cavity within the receiving groove.

[0007] The insulating substrate is detachably disposed within the receiving groove, the stepped groove having multiple steps.

[0008] Multiple collection plates are detachably installed on each of the steps, and the specifications and / or shapes of the collection plates located on different steps are different or the same.

[0009] The collection plates located on different steps are parallel to each other.

[0010] In at least one embodiment of the modular Faraday disk provided by this disclosure, the collecting plates located on the same step are identical in size and shape.

[0011] In a modular Faraday disk provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the collecting plates located on the same step are flush.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collecting plates located on the same step do not contact each other in a modular Faraday disk.

[0013] In a modular Faraday disk provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, three steps are provided, and the three steps are arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the modular Faraday disk has the same vertical drop between adjacent steps.

[0015] The modular Faraday disk provided in at least one embodiment of this disclosure further includes: a conductive bolt for use as an electrical signal lead contact.

[0016] The collecting plate is provided with perforations.

[0017] A first screw hole is provided on the step, and a second screw hole is provided on the Faraday disk base. The first screw hole is located above the second screw hole, and the central axis of the first screw hole coincides with the central axis of the second screw hole.

[0018] The shank of the conductive bolt passes through the through hole, and the shank of the conductive bolt is connected in sequence to the first screw hole and the second screw hole. The collecting plate is detachably connected to the insulating substrate through the first screw hole and the conductive bolt.

[0019] Both the first and second screw holes are through holes, and the shank of the conductive bolt passes through the second screw hole and is located outside the shielding cavity.

[0020] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a modular Faraday disk is provided, wherein an electrical contact portion is provided on the Faraday disk substrate.

[0021] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, a modular Faraday disk is provided, wherein a plurality of mounting bases are provided on the Faraday disk substrate.

[0022] In a modular Faraday disc provided by at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the central axis of the stepped groove is parallel to or coincides with the central axis of the first screw hole.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. A multi-layered, detachable collection plate structure was adopted, enabling highly adaptable data collection to plume regions of different sizes and shapes. By flexibly replacing collection plates of different sizes and ring shapes, the entire plume range can be covered, or precise focus can be placed on the plume core or circumferential distribution characteristics, significantly improving the relevance of the experiment and the comprehensiveness of data acquisition.

[0024] 2. Highly integrated and reconfigurable Faraday disk collection plate: Unlike single Faraday disks with fixed structures and limited functions on the market, this invention can be equipped with detachable collection plates of various specifications. Through flexible selection and combination on a multi-layered stepped insulating substrate, dedicated arrays for different experimental purposes such as "full plume measurement," "axial ion gradient measurement," and "circumferential uniformity measurement" can be quickly constructed. Measurement modes can be switched without changing the main device, significantly improving the application range and measurement dimensions of a single device. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a modular Faraday disk according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a top view of a modular Faraday disk according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the Faraday disk matrix.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the insulating substrate.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the insulating substrate.

[0031] In the picture: 10. Insulating substrate; 11. Stepped groove; 111. Step; 112. First screw hole; 20. Faraday disc base; 21. Receiving groove; 22. Second screw hole; 23. Electrical connection part; 24. Mounting base; 30. Insulating gland; 40. Conductive bolts. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments.

[0033] Example like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a modular Faraday disk, including: an insulating substrate 10, a Faraday disk base 20, an insulating cover 30, a metal grid (not shown), and conductive bolts 40.

[0034] Specifically, a stepped groove 11 is provided in the middle of the insulating substrate 10, and a collecting plate is provided in the stepped groove 11. A receiving groove 21 is provided in the middle of the Faraday disk substrate 20. The collecting plate can be selected with different physical specifications according to experimental requirements. The final collector array contains at least two specifications of collecting plate units, and also meets the measurement requirements of a single collecting plate. The collecting plate material is preferably stainless steel, but copper or alloy materials can also be used.

[0035] In this embodiment, the insulating cover 30 is bolted to the Faraday disk base. A metal grid is sandwiched between the Faraday disk base 20 and the insulating cover 30, thereby forming a shielded cavity within the receiving groove 21. Simultaneously, the metal grid can be electrically connected to prevent secondary electron emissions from interfering with the signal.

[0036] The diameter of the metal grid is slightly larger than the diameter of the Faraday disk substrate 20 and the insulating cover 30. The number of insulating covers 30 and metal grids can be stacked according to requirements; for example, if a bias potential grid is needed to suppress secondary electron interference, a layer of metal grid and an insulating cover 30 can be installed on the Faraday disk substrate first, and then another layer of metal grid and an insulating cover 30 can be stacked on top. At the same time, the upper grid is connected to an external bias power supply during installation to achieve the purpose of suppressing secondary electrons.

[0037] Specifically, the insulating cover 30 is connected to the Faraday disc base 20 using metal bolts.

[0038] In this embodiment, the insulating substrate 10 is connected to the Faraday disk substrate by bolts, so that the insulating substrate 10 can be detachably disposed in the receiving groove 21. Specifically, insulating bolts are used when the insulating substrate 10 is connected to the Faraday disk substrate 20.

[0039] In this embodiment, the stepped groove 11 has multiple steps 111. Collection plates (not shown) are located on the steps 111, and the specifications and shapes of the collection plates on different steps 111 can be selected according to experimental requirements. The collection plates on different steps 111 are parallel to each other, and the specifications and shapes of the collection plates on the same step 111 are identical. The collection plates on the same step 111 are flush and do not contact each other.

[0040] Furthermore, there are three steps 111, arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0041] The highest step has an annular plane with an inner diameter of 25-35 mm and an outer diameter of 45-55 mm. This step surface has five first screw holes 112, arranged in a circular array around the central axis of the insulating substrate 10. Preferably, the inner diameter of the step surface is 30 mm, and the outer diameter is 50 mm.

[0042] There are N steps in the middle, and these N steps are arranged in a circular array with the central axis of the insulating substrate 10 as the center. The step surfaces of these N steps are all crescent-shaped, and a first screw hole 112 is opened in the center of each plane. Preferably, N=5.

[0043] The lowest step has a circular plane with a diameter of 10-35mm, and a first screw hole 112 is provided at the center of the step surface; preferably, the diameter of the step surface is 30mm.

[0044] The vertical height h between each step is 0.5-2mm, preferably 0.5mm or 1mm. The vertical drop of adjacent steps 111 is the same, ensuring that the working surface of each collection plate unit is in a preset height difference or flush state after installation.

[0045] For example, the highest step can be a circular metal collecting plate or a ring-shaped metal collecting plate, with only one plate installed for each experiment.

[0046] For example, the steps in the middle can be made of circular metal collecting plates, with 1-5 plates installed for each experiment.

[0047] For example, the lowest step can be a circular metal collecting plate, with only one installed for each experiment.

[0048] In this embodiment, the conductive bolt 40 is used not only to fix the collecting plate, but also as a contact point for electrical signal leads.

[0049] Specifically, the collecting plate has perforations (not shown), and the Faraday disk substrate 20 has eleven second screw holes 22. Eleven first screw holes 112 are located above the eleven second screw holes 22, and the central axes of adjacent first screw holes 112 and second screw holes 22 coincide. The shank of the conductive bolt 40 passes through the perforations, and the shank of the conductive bolt 40 is connected to the first screw holes 112 and second screw holes 22 in sequence, enabling a detachable connection between the collecting plate and the insulating substrate 10.

[0050] Furthermore, both the first screw hole 112 and the second screw hole 22 are through holes. The shank of the conductive bolt 40 passes through the Faraday disk base 20 through the second screw hole 22, is located outside the shielding cavity, and is electrically connected to a pre-set shielded signal wire, thereby leading out the current signal collected on the collection plate.

[0051] In this embodiment, the Faraday disk base 20 is provided with a power receiving part 23 and a plurality of mounting bases 24.

[0052] This invention maintains the method of measuring with a single collection plate while based on array-type measurement; the multi-array experiment and measurement method includes: measurement of the circumferential uniformity of the plume, measurement of the radial ion gradient of the plume cross section, etc.; combined with TOF measurement technology, it can realize the measurement of the ion velocity distribution in the corresponding plume region.

[0053] Circumferential uniformity of the plume and distribution of ion current: Collection Array: A Faraday disk is vertically mounted on the plume axis. Multiple circular metal collection plates of the same diameter are positioned on the central step, with their centers on the same circumference, and are fixed with bolts of the same specification. The diameter is R; in this specific embodiment, N=5. Each collection plate is connected to an independent electrical signal measurement circuit. The measured ion signal is a current signal in the time domain. ,in =1,2,…,N, representing the th... Collection board.

[0054] Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing: The raw current signal needs to be processed to extract a scalar characteristic value that represents the ion flux at that location. This is typically achieved through time-domain integration of the current, i.e., calculating the total charge. : ; in, and The integration time window covers the entire ion signal pulse.

[0055] The characteristic quantities here are not limited to total charge. In other embodiments, it can also be the signal peak value, the integral of the signal within a specific time window, or the value processed by a specific algorithm (such as filtering or weighted averaging). For consistency, this characteristic quantity is denoted as... .

[0056] Normalized uniformity vector: To eliminate the influence of absolute signal strength and enable lateral comparisons under different operating conditions, a normalized uniformity vector is defined. .

[0057] Calculate the average signal strength: ; Calculate the signal of each collection plate Compared with the average Relative deviation: ; Transform the relative deviation and define the uniformity vector. The Each component for: ; ; The homogeneity criterion is established as follows: 1. Minimum value criterion: This criterion requires that the uniformity of all measuring points must be higher than a minimum threshold. .

[0058] ; in, It is a pre-set constant based on the specific application scenario and accuracy requirements, such as 0.8, 0.9, or 0.95. If this condition is met, the plume is determined to be circumferentially uniform around the circumference.

[0059] Criteria for Mean and Standard Deviation: Calculate the average value of the uniformity vector: ; Calculate the standard deviation of the uniformity vector: ; Judgment Criterion: A system is considered uniform if both of the following conditions are met: ; in, and The threshold is preset based on experience.

[0060] For the electrical signal of each collecting plate, the ion types and energy distribution characteristics of each region can be summarized based on the specific current or voltage characteristics.

[0061] The circumferential uniformity of the ion thruster plume is measured and analyzed using the modular Faraday disk described in the embodiments below.

[0062] (1) Experimental setup The Faraday disk is mounted vertically along the axis of the ion plume, ensuring that the five circular collecting plates on the central step are all positioned on a circle of radius R. Each collecting plate is connected to a multi-channel high-speed acquisition system via an independent signal channel, with a sampling frequency ≥10MHz, to guarantee the timing synchronization of the TOF experiment.

[0063] (2) Signal acquisition During the experiment, an electric current signal was generated when the ion plume bombarded the surface of the collecting plate. ,in =1,2,…,N. The acquisition system synchronously records the time-series signals of each channel.

[0064] (3) Signal processing To eliminate noise, extract effective features, and avoid transient spike errors, the total charge of each channel is calculated using an integral method: ; in and This is the start and end time window for the signal.

[0065] In other implementations, the signal peak value can also be selected. Alternatively, the weighted average can be used as a characteristic quantity, and is uniformly denoted as... .

[0066] (4) Calculation of normalized uniformity To achieve comparison under different operating conditions, the average signal strength is defined as follows: ; Calculate the relative deviation for each measuring point: ; And define the normalized uniformity component: ; (5) Uniformity evaluation criteria When all At that time, it was determined that the plume was uniform in circumference; If the average and standard deviation If the plume stability is good, then it is considered to be good.

[0067] (6) Results and Effects For example, in a certain experiment, N=5, the normalized uniformity vector of each collection plate is: ; The average uniformity was calculated. Standard deviation The result meets the judgment criteria, indicating that the propeller plume has good circumferential consistency on this cross section.

[0068] In summary, the modular Faraday disk in the embodiments can achieve high-resolution, multi-channel synchronous ion plume distribution measurement, and the results are stable and highly reproducible.

[0069] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, the scope of protection of this invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be conceived without inventive effort should be covered within the scope of protection of this invention. Unless expressly stated otherwise, no element, action or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or necessary.

Claims

1. A modular Faraday disk, characterized in that, include: An insulating substrate with a stepped groove in the middle; The Faraday disk base has a receiving groove in the middle; An insulating gland is configured to be detachably connected to the Faraday disk substrate; as well as A metal grid is sandwiched between the Faraday disk substrate and the insulating cover to form a shielded cavity within the receiving groove; The insulating substrate is detachably disposed within the receiving groove, and the stepped groove has multiple steps; Multiple collection plates are detachably provided on each of the multiple steps, and the specifications and / or shapes of the collection plates located on different steps are different or the same; The collection plates located on different steps are parallel to each other.

2. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collecting plates located on the same step are all identical in size and shape.

3. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection plates located on the same step are flush.

4. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collecting plates located on the same step do not contact each other.

5. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are three steps, arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

6. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical drop between adjacent steps is the same.

7. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Conductive bolts are used as electrical signal lead contacts; The collecting plate is provided with perforations; A first screw hole is provided on the step, and a second screw hole is provided on the Faraday disk base. The first screw hole is located above the second screw hole, and the central axis of the first screw hole coincides with the central axis of the second screw hole. The shank of the conductive bolt passes through the through hole, and the shank of the conductive bolt is connected to the first screw hole and the second screw hole in sequence. The collecting plate is detachably connected to the insulating substrate through the first screw hole and the conductive bolt. Both the first and second screw holes are through holes, and the shank of the conductive bolt passes through the second screw hole and is located outside the shielding cavity.

8. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Faraday disk substrate is provided with an electrical contact part.

9. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 6, characterized in that, The Faraday disk base is provided with multiple mounting seats.

10. A modular Faraday disk according to claim 7, characterized in that, The central axis of the stepped groove is parallel to or coincides with the central axis of the first screw hole.

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