Antenna device
By introducing a unique structural design that incorporates a hook-shaped exciter, guide, and impedance matching element into the antenna device, the problem of high return loss in base stations or 5G small base stations is solved, achieving low-loss and high-gain communication effects in the 5G frequency band.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing antenna devices suffer from excessively high return loss in base stations or 5G small base stations, failing to meet users' communication needs.
Design an antenna device comprising a hook-shaped exciter, a guide, a reflector, and an impedance matching element. The hook-shaped exciter is phase-separated, the guide and the reflector are located on different sides, and the impedance matching element is located between the exciter and the reflector. This structural design reduces return loss.
It achieves low return loss in the 5G n78 and n79 frequency bands, improves communication quality, and enhances signal radiation capability in specific directions.
Smart Images
Figure CN121663173A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to an antenna device, and more particularly to an antenna device comprising a hook-shaped exciter, a guide, a reflector, and an impedance matching element. Background Technology
[0002] With the advancement of mobile communication technology, various electronic devices are constantly evolving towards greater functionality, thinner and lighter designs, and faster and more efficient data transmission. Mobile communication technology has now entered the 5G era. Through 5G technology, higher network speeds can be provided, enabling technologies such as drones, remote medical surgery, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR).
[0003] To improve 5G signal coverage and provide more stable high-speed network services, more base stations or 5G small base stations need to be deployed. However, the return loss of current antenna devices used in base stations or 5G small base stations is still too high, failing to meet users' communication needs. Therefore, improving the communication quality required by antenna devices used in base stations or 5G small base stations is one of the problems that researchers need to solve. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The present invention provides an antenna device for use in base stations or 5G small base stations to achieve the required communication quality.
[0005] An embodiment of the present invention discloses an antenna device comprising a substrate and at least one antenna element. The at least one antenna element is disposed on the substrate and includes two hook-shaped exciters, a guide, a reflector, and an impedance matching element. The two hook-shaped exciters are separated and symmetrical. The opposite ends of the two hook-shaped exciters are respectively opposite to each other. One end of one of the two hook-shaped exciters has a feed terminal. One end of the other hook-shaped exciter has a ground terminal. The feed terminal is opposite to the ground terminal. The guide is located on one side of the two hook-shaped exciters. The reflector is located on the side of the two exciters away from the guide. The side of the reflector closest to the two hook-shaped exciters has two first straight edges and an arc edge. The two first straight edges are respectively connected to the opposite ends of the arc edge. The arc edge is recessed in a direction away from the two hook-shaped exciters. The impedance matching element includes an inductor. The inductor is located between the two hook-shaped exciters and the reflector.
[0006] According to the antenna device of the above embodiment, since the antenna device applied to a base station or 5G small base station is provided with a two-hook exciter, a guide, a reflector, and an impedance matching body, and the two-hook exciter is separated, the guide and the reflector are located on opposite sides of the two-hook exciter, and the impedance matching body is located between the two-hook exciter and the reflector, the antenna device can excite a frequency band that covers 5G up to n78 and n79, and reduce the return loss in this frequency band to meet the user's communication needs. In this way, the communication quality required for the antenna device to be applied to a base station or 5G small base station can be improved.
[0007] In one embodiment, each of the two hook-shaped exciters includes a first excitation segment, a second excitation segment, and a third excitation segment. The second excitation segment and the third excitation segment are respectively connected to opposite ends of the first excitation segment and located on the same side of the first excitation segment. The sides of the two first excitation segments away from the second excitation segment and the third excitation segment are respectively close to opposite sides of the substrate. The two second excitation segments are opposite to each other, and the two third excitation segments are opposite to each other. One end of the two second excitation segments away from the first excitation segment has the feed terminal, and the other end of the two second excitation segments away from the first excitation segment has the ground terminal. The guide is close to the two second excitation segments, and the inductor is at least partially located between the two third excitation segments and the reflector.
[0008] In one embodiment, the impedance matching body further includes a plurality of first capacitors located between the two second excitation segments and arranged at intervals along a straight line.
[0009] In one embodiment, the impedance matching element further includes a plurality of symmetrical second capacitors and a plurality of third capacitors, the second capacitors being located between the two second excitation sections and the inductor, and any two adjacent second capacitors being located between the first capacitors, and the third capacitors being located between the reflector and the inductor.
[0010] In one embodiment, the length of the inductor is greater than the spacing between the two third excitation segments and less than the length of the guide.
[0011] In one embodiment, the inductor has a length of 12.9 mm and a width of 1.03 mm. The distance between the inductor and the two third excitation sections is 1 mm. Each first capacitor has a length of 2 mm and a width of 1 mm. The length of each second capacitor and the length of each third capacitor are both 3 mm, and the width of each second capacitor and the width of each third capacitor are both 2 mm. The distance between each second capacitor and the inductor is 1.1 mm. The distances between each second capacitor and the adjacent two first capacitors are 1 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The distance between the two first capacitors closest to the two first excitation sections and the two first excitation sections is 1.4 mm. The distance between the side of the first capacitor and the second capacitor closest to the two second excitation sections and the two second excitation sections is 1.4 mm.
[0012] In one embodiment, each of the two first excitation segments has a length of 7 mm and a width of 2.6 mm, each of the two second excitation segments has a length of 7.4 mm and a width of 2.5 mm, the spacing between each of the two second excitation segments is 1.4 mm, each of the two third excitation segments has a length of 2.5 mm and a width of 1 mm.
[0013] In one embodiment, the guide has a length of 21.4 mm, a width of 1 mm, and a distance of 1 mm between the guide and the first excitation segment and the second excitation segment.
[0014] In one embodiment, the reflector further has two second straight sides, one end of each of the two second straight sides being connected to the end of each of the two first straight sides away from the arc side. The second excitation segment, the third excitation segment, the inductor, and the two first straight sides are parallel. The length of each of the two first straight sides is less than the width of the two first excitation segments but greater than 1 mm. The length of each of the two second straight sides is 5.1 mm. The distance between each of the two first straight sides and the two first excitation segments is 2.1 mm.
[0015] In one embodiment, there are multiple antenna elements arranged in an array, with any two adjacent antenna elements having a 90-degree difference in orientation and a spacing of 6.26 mm between any two adjacent antenna elements.
[0016] The above description of the content of this invention and the following description of the embodiments are used to demonstrate and explain the principles of this invention, and to provide a further explanation of the scope of the patent application of this invention. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the antenna device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the antenna device.
[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A plan view of the antenna device.
[0020] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the antenna device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Line graph showing the return loss versus isolation of the antenna device.
[0022] Explanation of icon numbers
[0023] 10, 10A: Antenna device;
[0024] 11, 11A: substrate;
[0025] 12, 12a-12d: Antenna elements;
[0026] 121: Hook-shaped exciter;
[0027] 1211: First excitation stage;
[0028] 1212: Second excitation stage;
[0029] 1213: Third excitation stage;
[0030] 122: Guide body;
[0031] 123: Reflector;
[0032] 1231: First straight line edge;
[0033] 1232: Curved edge;
[0034] 1233: The second straight line side;
[0035] 124: Impedance matching element;
[0036] 1241: Inductor;
[0037] 1242: First capacitor component;
[0038] 1243: Second capacitor;
[0039] 1244: Third capacitor;
[0040] D1-D10: Spacing;
[0041] E1: Feed input terminal;
[0042] E2: Grounding terminal;
[0043] L1-L12: Length;
[0044] T: Thickness;
[0045] W1-W12: Width. Detailed Implementation
[0046] Please see Figures 1 to 3 . Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the antenna device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the antenna device. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A plan view of the antenna device.
[0047] The antenna device 10 in this embodiment is, for example, an antenna suitable for a 5G multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system in the n78 and n79 frequency bands (3 GHz to 5 GHz), and is installed, for example, at a base station or a 5G small base station. The antenna device 10 includes a substrate 11 and an antenna element 12. The antenna element 12 is disposed on the substrate 11. The substrate 11 is, for example, made of FR4 fiberglass, and has a dielectric constant of, for example, 4.4, and a tangent loss of, for example, 0.02. This allows for a smaller substrate 11 to be accommodated in a smaller body space (not shown), widens the frequency band of the antenna element 12, and improves the isolation effect of the antenna element 12. The antenna element 12 includes two hook-shaped exciters 121, a guide 122, a reflector 123, and an impedance matching element 124.
[0048] The two hook-shaped exciters 121 are, for example, dipole structures and are made of, for example, copper foil. The two hook-shaped exciters 121 are phase-separated and, for example, symmetrical. The opposite ends of the two hook-shaped exciters 121 are respectively opposite to each other. One end of one of the two hook-shaped exciters 121 has a feed terminal E1. The other end of the two second excitation segments 1212 has a ground terminal E2. The feed terminal E1 is opposite to the ground terminal E2. The feed terminal E1 is used for an external feed line (not shown) and for signal feeding. The ground terminal E2 is used for an external ground line (not shown).
[0049] In detail, each hook-shaped exciter 121 includes a first excitation segment 1211, a second excitation segment 1212, and a third excitation segment 1213. The second excitation segment 1212 and the third excitation segment 1213 are respectively connected to opposite ends of the first excitation segment 1211 and are located on the same side of the first excitation segment 1211. The side of the two first excitation segments 1211 away from the second excitation segments 1212 and the third excitation segments 1213 is close to opposite sides of the substrate 11. The two second excitation segments 1212 are opposite to each other. The two third excitation segments 1213 are opposite to each other. One end of the two second excitation segments 1212 away from the first excitation segment 1211 has a feed terminal E1. The other end of the two second excitation segments 1212 away from the first excitation segment 1211 has a ground terminal E2.
[0050] The guide 122 is made of, for example, copper foil and is used to enhance the signal excited by the two hook-shaped exciters 121. The guide 122 is located on one side of the two exciters and close to the two second excitation segments 1212. The reflector 123 is located on the side of the two exciters away from the guide 122 and is used to enhance the radiation directionality of the signal excited by the two hook-shaped exciters 121. The reflector 123 is made of, for example, copper foil. The side of the reflector 123 close to the two exciters has two first straight edges 1231 and one curved edge 1232. The two first straight edges 1231 are respectively connected to the opposite ends of the curved edge 1232. The curved edge 1232 is recessed in the direction away from the two exciters.
[0051] Impedance matching element 124 is, for example, a parasitic component and is made of, for example, copper foil. Impedance matching element 124 includes an inductor 1241, a plurality of first capacitors 1242, a plurality of second capacitors 1243, and a plurality of third capacitors 1244. Inductor 1241 is, for example, a parasitic inductor and is at least partially located between the two third excitation segments 1213 and the reflector 123, and there is, for example, a gap between inductor 1241 and the two first straight edges 1231. The length L7 of inductor 1241 is, for example, greater than the gap between the two third excitation segments 1213 and less than the length L4 of guide 122.
[0052] These first capacitors 1242 are, for example, parallel capacitors. These first capacitors 1242 are located between the two second excitation sections 1212 and are arranged at intervals along a straight line. These second capacitors 1243 and these third capacitors 1244 are, for example, parasitic capacitors and are, for example, symmetrical. These second capacitors 1243 are located between the two second excitation sections 1212 and the inductor 1241. Any two adjacent second capacitors 1243 are located between these first capacitors 1242. These third capacitors 1244 are located between the reflector 123 and the inductor 1241. By providing the impedance matching element 124, the return loss of the antenna device 10 can be reduced to improve the impedance matching effect.
[0053] In this embodiment, the antenna device 10, applied to a base station or 5G small base station, is provided with a two-hook exciter, a guide 122, a reflector 123, and an impedance matching element 124. The two-hook exciter is separated, the guide 122 and the reflector 123 are located on opposite sides of the two-hook exciter, and the impedance matching element 124 is located between the two-hook exciter 121 and the reflector 123. Therefore, the antenna device 10 can excite frequency bands covering 5G up to n78 and n79, and reduce return loss in this frequency band to meet user communication needs. In this way, the communication quality required for the antenna device 10 in a base station or 5G small base station can be improved.
[0054] Furthermore, generally speaking, the higher the antenna gain, the more concentrated the antenna radiation, allowing the signal to travel a greater distance in a specific direction. In this embodiment, the antenna device 10 has a gain of, for example, 1.87 dBi at 3 GHz, 1.34 dBi at 3.5 GHz, 1.61 dBi at 4.5 GHz, and 1.83 dBi at 5 GHz in the 5G band.
[0055] In this embodiment, the length L1 of each first excitation segment 1211 is, for example, 7 mm. The width W1 of each first excitation segment 1211 is, for example, 2.6 mm. The length L2 of each second excitation segment 1212 is, for example, 7.4 mm. The width W2 of each second excitation segment 1212 is, for example, 2.5 mm. The spacing D1 between each second excitation segment 1212 is, for example, 1.4 mm. The length L3 of each third excitation segment 1213 is, for example, 2.5 mm. The width W3 of each third excitation segment 1213 is, for example, 1 mm.
[0056] In this embodiment, the length L4 of the guide 122 is, for example, 21.4 mm. The width W4 of the guide 122 is, for example, 1 mm. The distance D2 between the guide 122 and the first excitation segment 1211 and the second excitation segment 1212 is, for example, 1 mm.
[0057] In this embodiment, the reflector 123 may also have two second straight edges 1233. One end of each of the two second straight edges 1233 is connected to the end of each of the two first straight edges 1231 away from the curved edge 1232. The second excitation segment 1212, the third excitation segment 1213, the inductor 1241, and the two first straight edges 1231 are, for example, parallel. The length L5 of each of the two first straight edges 1231 is, for example, less than the width W1 of each of the two first excitation segments 1211, but greater than 1 mm. The length L6 of each of the second straight edges 1233 is, for example, 5.1 mm. The distance D3 between each of the two first straight edges 1231 and the two first excitation segments 1211 is, for example, 2.1 mm.
[0058] In this embodiment, the length L7 of the inductor 1241 is, for example, 12.9 mm. The width W7 of the inductor 1241 is, for example, 1.03 mm. The distance D4 between the inductor 1241 and the two third excitation sections 1213 is, for example, 1 mm. The length L8 of each first capacitor 1242 is, for example, 2 mm. The width W8 of each first capacitor 1242 is, for example, 1 mm. The length L9 of each second capacitor 1243 and the length L10 of each third capacitor 1244 are, for example, 3 mm. The width W9 of each second capacitor 1243 and the width W10 of each third capacitor 1244 are, for example, 2 mm. The distance D5 between each second capacitor 1243 and the inductor 1241 is, for example, 1.1 mm. The distances D6 and D7 between each second capacitor 1243 and the two adjacent first capacitors 1242 are, for example, 1 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The distance D8 between the two first capacitors 1242 closest to the two first excitation sections 1211 and the two first excitation sections 1211 is, for example, 1.4 mm. The distance D9 between the side of these first capacitors 1242 and these second capacitors 1243 closest to the two second excitation sections 1212 and the two second excitation sections 1212 is, for example, 1.4 mm.
[0059] In this embodiment, the length L11 of the substrate 11 is, for example, 21.4 mm. The width W11 of the substrate 11 is, for example, 16.2 mm. The thickness T of the substrate 11 is, for example, 0.8 mm.
[0060] In this embodiment, the impedance matching element 124 includes an inductor 1241, a plurality of first capacitors 1242, a plurality of second capacitors 1243, and a plurality of third capacitors 1244, but is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the impedance matching element may also include only an inductor and a plurality of first capacitors, or the impedance matching element may include only an inductor.
[0061] In this embodiment, the number of antenna elements 12 is only one, but this is not a limitation. For other embodiments, please refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 . Figure 4 This is a plan view of the antenna device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Line graph showing the return loss versus isolation of the antenna device.
[0062] In this embodiment, the antenna device 10A is, for example, a four-receive, four-transmit antenna device, meaning that the number of antenna elements 12a-12d in the antenna device 10A is, for example, four, but not limited to this. These antenna elements 12a-12d are disposed on the substrate 11A and are arranged, for example, in an array. The arrangement directions of any two adjacent antenna elements 12a-12d differ by, for example, 90 degrees. The spacing D10 between any two adjacent antenna elements 12a-12d is, for example, 6.26 mm. Furthermore, the length L12 of the substrate 11A is, for example, 44 mm. The width W12 of the substrate 11A is, for example, 44 mm. The thickness (not shown) of the substrate 11 in the first embodiment is, for example, 0.8 mm.
[0063] In this embodiment, within the 5G frequency bands n78 and n79 (3 GHz to 5 GHz), the antenna device 10A of this embodiment exhibits return losses below -6 dB for all frequency bands except for a few bands where the return loss is slightly higher than -6 dB. In some bands, the return loss is even lower than -10 dB. In other words, through the aforementioned structural design, the antenna device 10A of this embodiment possesses excellent impedance matching.
[0064] Furthermore, in the 5G frequency bands n78 and n79, the isolation between antenna unit 12a located at the upper left corner of substrate 11A and antenna unit 12b located at the upper right corner of substrate 11A, the isolation between antenna unit 12b located at the upper right corner of substrate 11A and antenna unit 12c located at the lower right corner of substrate 11A, the isolation between antenna unit 12c located at the lower right corner of substrate 11A and antenna unit 12d located at the lower left corner of substrate 11A, and the isolation between antenna unit 12a located at the upper left corner of substrate 11A and antenna unit 12d located at the lower left corner of substrate 11A are all below -12dB, and the isolation between antenna unit 12a located at the upper left corner of substrate 11A and antenna unit 12c located at the lower right corner of substrate 11A, and the isolation between antenna unit 12b located at the upper right corner of substrate 11A and antenna unit 12d located at the lower left corner of substrate 11A are all below -24dB. In other words, through the aforementioned structural design, the antenna device 10A of this embodiment has good isolation.
[0065] According to the antenna device of the above embodiment, since the antenna device applied to a base station or 5G small base station is provided with a two-hook exciter, a guide, a reflector, and an impedance matching body, and the two-hook exciter is separated, the guide and the reflector are located on opposite sides of the two-hook exciter, and the impedance matching body is located between the two-hook exciter and the reflector, the antenna device can excite a frequency band that covers 5G up to n78 and n79, and reduce the return loss in this frequency band to meet the user's communication needs. In this way, the communication quality required for the antenna device to be applied to a base station or 5G small base station can be improved.
[0066] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims attached to this specification.
Claims
1. An antenna device, characterized in that, The antenna device includes: A substrate; and At least one antenna unit is disposed on the substrate, the at least one antenna unit comprising: Two hook-shaped exciters, the two hook-shaped exciters being separated and symmetrical, with their opposite ends facing each other, one end of one of the two hook-shaped exciters having a feed end, and the other end of the two hook-shaped exciters having a ground end, the feed end being opposite to the ground end; A guide body is located on one side of the two hook-shaped exciters; A reflector is located on the side of the two hook-shaped exciters away from the guide body. The reflector has two first straight edges and one curved edge on the side near the two hook-shaped exciters. The two first straight edges are respectively connected to opposite ends of the curved edge, and the curved edge is concave in the direction away from the two hook-shaped exciters. An impedance matching element includes an inductor located between the two hook-shaped exciters and the reflector.
2. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the two hook-shaped exciters includes a first excitation segment, a second excitation segment, and a third excitation segment. The second excitation segment and the third excitation segment are respectively connected to opposite ends of the first excitation segment and located on the same side of the first excitation segment. The sides of the two first excitation segments away from the second excitation segment and the third excitation segment are respectively close to opposite sides of the substrate. The two second excitation segments are opposite to each other, and the two third excitation segments are opposite to each other. One end of the two second excitation segments away from the first excitation segment has the feed terminal, and the other end of the two second excitation segments away from the first excitation segment has the ground terminal. The guide is close to the two second excitation segments, and the inductor is at least partially located between the two third excitation segments and the reflector.
3. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The impedance matching element further includes a plurality of first capacitors located between the two second excitation sections and arranged at intervals along a straight line.
4. The antenna device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The impedance matching element further includes a plurality of symmetrical second capacitors and a plurality of third capacitors. The second capacitors are located between the two second excitation sections and the inductor, and any two adjacent second capacitors are located between the first capacitors. The third capacitors are located between the reflector and the inductor.
5. The antenna device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the inductor is greater than the distance between the two third excitation segments and less than the length of the guide.
6. The antenna device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inductor has a length of 12.9 mm and a width of 1.03 mm. The distance between the inductor and the two third excitation sections is 1 mm. Each first capacitor has a length of 2 mm and a width of 1 mm. The length of each second capacitor and the length of each third capacitor are both 3 mm, and the width of each second capacitor and the width of each third capacitor are both 2 mm. The distance between each second capacitor and the inductor is 1.1 mm. The distances between each second capacitor and the adjacent two first capacitors are 1 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The distance between the two first capacitors closest to the two first excitation sections and the two first excitation sections is 1.4 mm. The distance between the side of the first capacitor and the second capacitor closest to the two second excitation sections and the two second excitation sections is 1.4 mm.
7. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the two first excitation segments has a length of 7 mm and a width of 2.6 mm. Each of the two second excitation segments has a length of 7.4 mm and a width of 2.5 mm. The spacing between each of the two second excitation segments is 1.4 mm. Each of the two third excitation segments has a length of 2.5 mm and a width of 1 mm.
8. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide body has a length of 21.4 mm, a width of 1 mm, and a distance of 1 mm between the guide body and the first excitation section and the second excitation section.
9. The antenna device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reflector further has two second straight sides, one end of each of the two second straight sides being connected to the end of each of the two first straight sides away from the arc side. The second excitation segment, the third excitation segment, the inductor, and the two first straight sides are parallel. The length of each of the two first straight sides is less than the width of the two first excitation segments but greater than 1 mm. The length of each of the two second straight sides is 5.1 mm. The distance between each of the two first straight sides and the two first excitation segments is 2.1 mm.
10. The antenna device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of antenna elements is multiple, and the antenna elements are arranged in an array. The orientation of any two adjacent antenna elements differs by 90 degrees, and the spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements is 6.26 mm.