Hydrogen internal combustion engine and spark plug thereof

Abstract

The spark plug of the hydrogen internal combustion engine comprises a shell, a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel and a heat dissipation cavity are formed in the shell, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are communicated through the heat dissipation cavity, the heat dissipation cavity is located at the head of the spark plug, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected to a cooling flow channel of an engine. During use, cooling water flows into the shell through the water inlet channel, then enters the heat dissipation cavity to dissipate heat of the head of the spark plug, and finally is discharged through the water outlet channel. According to the spark plug of the hydrogen internal combustion engine, the water inlet channel, the water outlet channel and the heat dissipation cavity are formed in the spark plug, so that the head of the spark plug is cooled, the risk of abnormal combustion induced by local high temperature of the spark plug is reduced, and then the reliability of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine technology, and in particular to a hydrogen internal combustion engine and its spark plug. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines are widely used in the transportation industry due to their significant advantages, such as high power density, strong environmental adaptability, low dependence on hydrogen purity, low overall cost, and high reliability.

[0003] Due to the low ignition energy and wide flammability limit of hydrogen, hydrogen internal combustion engines are more prone to pre-ignition, knocking, and other abnormal combustion issues caused by hot spots in the cylinder compared to traditional fuel internal combustion engines. This leads to a decrease in overall engine efficiency and reduced reliability.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the reliability of hydrogen internal combustion engines is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of this invention is to provide a spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine to improve the reliability of the hydrogen internal combustion engine. Another object of this invention is to provide a hydrogen internal combustion engine including the above-described spark plug.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, comprising a housing, wherein the housing is provided with a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel and a heat dissipation cavity, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected through the heat dissipation cavity, the heat dissipation cavity is located at the head of the spark plug, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected to the cooling channel of the engine.

[0007] Optionally, in the spark plug of the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine, the housing is provided with a through central hole in the axial direction, and the heat dissipation cavity is an annular chamber arranged around the central hole.

[0008] Optionally, the spark plug of the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine also includes a guide protrusion located in the annular chamber with its tip pointing upwards. The guide protrusion is arranged in a ring around the central hole, and both the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected to the top of the annular chamber.

[0009] Optionally, in the spark plug of the aforementioned hydrogen internal combustion engine, the guide protrusion and the housing are integrally formed.

[0010] Optionally, in the spark plug of the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine, the flow guide protrusion is disposed on the bottom wall of the annular chamber, and the two side walls of the flow guide protrusion respectively form flow channels with the side walls of the annular chamber.

[0011] Optionally, in the spark plug of the aforementioned hydrogen internal combustion engine, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are located at opposite ends of the heat dissipation cavity.

[0012] Optionally, in the spark plug of the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine, the housing includes a metal housing and an insulating housing fixedly connected to the metal housing, the heat dissipation cavity is located inside the metal housing, and the water inlet of the water inlet channel and the water outlet of the water outlet channel are both located at the end of the insulating housing away from the metal housing.

[0013] A hydrogen internal combustion engine includes a spark plug and a cooling channel, wherein the spark plug is any of the spark plugs described above, and the inlet and outlet channels of the spark plug are both connected to the cooling channel.

[0014] Optionally, the aforementioned hydrogen internal combustion engine also includes a circulating pump and a cooling water storage tank, both of which are disposed on the cooling flow channel.

[0015] Optionally, the above-mentioned hydrogen internal combustion engine further includes a control module, a water temperature controller, a first water temperature sensor, and a second water temperature sensor. The water temperature controller, the first water temperature sensor, and the second water temperature sensor are all disposed on the cooling channel. The first water temperature sensor and the second water temperature sensor are located at opposite ends of the flow direction of the cooling channel. The first water temperature sensor, the second water temperature sensor, the circulating pump, and the water temperature controller are all signal-connected to the control module. The water temperature controller is used to heat up and cool down the cooling water.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine provided by the present invention includes a housing, wherein the housing is provided with a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel, and a heat dissipation cavity. The water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected through the heat dissipation cavity, which is located at the head of the spark plug. The water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected to the engine's cooling channel. In use, cooling water flows into the housing through the water inlet channel, then enters the heat dissipation cavity to cool the head of the spark plug, and finally exits through the water outlet channel.

[0017] As can be seen from the above description, in the spark plug of the hydrogen internal combustion engine provided in this application, by setting a water inlet channel, a water outlet channel and a heat dissipation chamber inside the spark plug, the head of the spark plug is cooled down, the risk of abnormal combustion induced by local high temperature of the spark plug is reduced, and thus the reliability of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1A cross-sectional view of the spark plug provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the spark plug showing the position of the water inlet channel, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a spark plug showing the location of the water channel, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] in Figure 1-3 In the middle: 1-cooling water inlet, 2-cooling water outlet, 3-shell, 301-insulating shell, 302-metal shell, 4-heat dissipation cavity, 5-center electrode, 6-side electrode, 7-water inlet channel, 8-water outlet channel, 9-guide protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The core of this invention is to provide a spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine to improve the reliability of the engine. Another core aspect of this invention is to provide a hydrogen internal combustion engine including the aforementioned spark plug.

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 .

[0026] In one specific embodiment, the spark plug of the hydrogen internal combustion engine provided by the present invention includes a housing 3, and the housing 3 is provided with a water inlet channel 7, a water outlet channel 8 and a heat dissipation cavity 4. The water inlet channel 7 and the water outlet channel 8 are connected through the heat dissipation cavity 4, which is located at the head of the spark plug, wherein the center electrode 5 and the side electrode 6 are installed at the head of the spark plug.

[0027] The inlet channel 7 and outlet channel 8 are connected to the engine's cooling channel. The two ends of the cooling channel can be connected to the inlet channel 7 and outlet channel 8 respectively to achieve cooling water circulation, or the cooling channel can be connected to an existing cooling channel inside the hydrogen internal combustion engine. Specifically, the cooling channel can be a cooling water pipe, with both ends connected to the inlet channel 7 and outlet channel 8.

[0028] To facilitate the smooth flow of cooling water, it is preferable that the water inlet channel 7 and / or the water outlet channel 8 are straight pipes, for example, the water inlet channel 7 and / or the water outlet channel 8 are cylindrical pipes. Specifically, when processing the housing 3, the water inlet channel 7, the water outlet channel 8 and the heat dissipation cavity 4 are directly formed to reduce subsequent assembly operations.

[0029] The cooling water inlet 1 of the water inlet channel 7 and the cooling water outlet 2 of the water outlet channel 8 can be located on the side wall of the housing 3 or on the top wall of the housing 3.

[0030] During use, cooling water flows into the housing 3 through the water inlet channel 7, then enters the heat dissipation chamber 4 to dissipate heat from the spark plug head, and finally exits through the water outlet channel 8.

[0031] As can be seen from the above description, in the spark plug of the hydrogen internal combustion engine provided in the specific embodiment of this application, by setting a water inlet channel 7, a water outlet channel 8 and a heat dissipation cavity 4 in the spark plug, the head of the spark plug is cooled down, the risk of abnormal combustion induced by local high temperature of the spark plug is reduced, and the reliability of the hydrogen internal combustion engine is improved.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the housing 3 has a through central hole in its axial direction, and the heat dissipation cavity 4 is an annular chamber arranged around the central hole. Specifically, the heat dissipation cavity 4 can be an annular chamber with the center of the central hole as its center, and the distance between the outer wall of the annular cavity and the outer wall of the housing 3 is equal, which facilitates more uniform heat dissipation at the head of the housing 3.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, the spark plug of the hydrogen internal combustion engine further includes a guide protrusion 9 located within the annular chamber with its tip pointing upwards. For example, the guide protrusion 9 is an annular cone structure with sloping sidewalls. The guide protrusion 9 is symmetrically arranged with its center line as the central axis, with the two sidewalls symmetrically positioned relative to each other. The guide protrusion 9 is arranged annularly around the central hole, and both the water inlet channel 7 and the water outlet channel 8 are connected to the top of the annular chamber. By incorporating the guide protrusion 9 with its internal flow-guiding structure within the annular chamber of the spark plug, cooling water is guided in and out, ensuring efficient cooling water circulation.

[0034] During assembly, the flow-guiding protrusion 9 can be bonded to or snapped onto the inner wall of the annular cavity inside the housing 3. To improve assembly efficiency, preferably, the flow-guiding protrusion 9 and the housing 3 are integrally formed; specifically, the flow-guiding protrusion 9 is cast together with the housing 3 during casting.

[0035] To improve the uniformity of heat dissipation in the casing 3, a flow-guiding protrusion 9 is provided on the bottom wall of the annular chamber, with its tip pointing upwards. The two sidewalls of the flow-guiding protrusion 9 form flow channels with the sidewalls of the annular chamber, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, flow channels are formed on both sides of the flow guide protrusion 9.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inlet channel 7 and the outlet channel 8 are located at opposite ends of the heat dissipation cavity 4. In actual use, the cooling water entering the annular cavity flows into two sets of outlet channels 8, reducing the flow path of the cooling water from the inlet channel 7 to the outlet channel 8 in the annular cavity and improving the heat exchange effect.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, the housing 3 includes a metal housing 302 and an insulating housing 301 fixedly connected to the metal housing 302. Specifically, the insulating housing 301 is preferably a ceramic body. The heat dissipation cavity 4 is located inside the metal housing 302. The water inlet of the water inlet channel 7 and the water outlet of the water outlet channel 8 are both located at the end of the insulating housing 301 away from the metal housing 302, that is, the water inlet channel 7 and the water outlet channel 8 both penetrate the insulating housing 301.

[0038] To improve sealing, preferably, a first sealing element is provided at the connection position of the corresponding water inlet channel 7 on the insulating housing 301 and the metal housing 302, and a second sealing element is provided at the connection position of the corresponding water outlet channel 8 on the insulating housing 301 and the metal housing 302.

[0039] During assembly, the inlet channel 7 and outlet channel 8 pass through the spark plug mounting base (insulating housing 301) and extend to the head cooling water chamber. This structural design ensures that the cooling water reaches the spark plug head and guarantees the structural stability of the spark plug body.

[0040] The present application provides a hydrogen internal combustion engine including a spark plug and a cooling channel. The spark plug is any of the above-mentioned spark plugs. The water inlet channel 7 and the water outlet channel 8 of the spark plug are both connected to the cooling channel.

[0041] When multiple spark plugs are used, they are connected in parallel. Specifically, all spark plugs are connected sequentially via multi-port pipes. The cooling water inlets 1 of all spark plugs are connected via a first multi-port pipe, and the cooling water outlets 2 of all spark plugs are connected via a second multi-port pipe. The first and second multi-port pipes are connected via a cooling flow channel. The specific structure of the spark plug has been described above. This application includes the above-mentioned spark plug and has the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the hydrogen internal combustion engine further includes a circulating pump and a cooling water storage tank, both of which are located on the cooling flow channel. The circulating pump facilitates the flow of cooling water and improves the heat exchange effect of the cooling water within the heat dissipation chamber 4.

[0043] To improve connection stability, the cooling water storage tank can be fixed to the engine casing. Alternatively, the circulation pump can also be mounted on the engine casing.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the hydrogen internal combustion engine further includes a control module, a water temperature controller, a first water temperature sensor, and a second water temperature sensor. The water temperature controller, the first water temperature sensor, and the second water temperature sensor are all disposed on the cooling channel, and are located at opposite ends of the cooling channel's flow direction. For example, the first water temperature sensor measures the temperature at the connection point between the cooling channel and the inlet channel 7, and the second water temperature sensor measures the temperature at the connection point between the cooling channel and the outlet channel 8. The first and second water temperature sensors, the circulation pump, and the water temperature controller are all signal-connected to the control module. The water temperature controller is used to heat and cool the cooling water. In practical use, the cooling water temperature and circulation volume are controlled according to the engine's operating conditions, enabling monitoring and control of the spark plug head temperature under various operating conditions, thereby reducing the risk of abnormal combustion induced by localized high temperatures in the spark plug.

[0045] Specifically, when the control module detects that the engine is in a high-risk abnormal combustion condition, or the engine water temperature is high, or the water temperature at the spark plug independent coolant outlet 2 is rising (the temperature measured by the second water temperature sensor), or the temperature difference between the coolant inlet and outlet (the temperature measured by the first water temperature sensor) is higher than the threshold, the water temperature control module executes control logic to reduce the coolant temperature (by controlling the reduction of the coolant temperature through the water temperature controller) and increase the coolant flow rate (by controlling the increase of the coolant flow rate through the circulation pump) in order to achieve effective control of the spark plug head temperature.

[0046] When the control module detects that the engine is operating under conditions with low risk of pre-ignition and knocking, the control module executes control logic to increase the coolant temperature (by increasing the coolant temperature through the coolant temperature controller) and reduce the coolant flow (by reducing the coolant flow through the circulation pump) in order to increase the spark plug head temperature, ensure ignition stability and reduce heat transfer loss, and ensure the efficient operation of the engine.

[0047] This application achieves controllable spark plug head temperature by controlling the circulating water flow and temperature. By using an external, independent circulating water pump, and based on measured parameters such as engine operating conditions, engine coolant temperature, and spark plug coolant temperature, the coolant flow and temperature are independently controlled to achieve optimal temperature control. This reduces the risk of abnormal combustion caused by localized high spark plug temperatures, improving overall engine thermal efficiency and reliability. Simultaneously, it achieves efficient and stable combustion while reducing the risk of pre-ignition, knocking, and other abnormal combustion, thus saving energy and reducing hydrogen consumption.

[0048] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine, characterized in that, Includes a housing (3), which has an inlet channel (7), an outlet channel (8) and a heat dissipation cavity (4). The inlet channel (7) and the outlet channel (8) are connected through the heat dissipation cavity (4). The heat dissipation cavity (4) is located at the head of the spark plug. The inlet channel (7) and the outlet channel (8) are connected to the cooling channel of the engine.

2. The spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (3) has a through central hole in the axial direction, and the heat dissipation cavity (4) is an annular cavity arranged around the central hole.

3. The spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a flow guide protrusion (9) located in the annular cavity with its tip pointing upwards. The flow guide protrusion (9) is arranged in a ring around the central hole. The water inlet channel (7) and the water outlet channel (8) are both connected to the top of the annular cavity.

4. The spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flow guide protrusion (9) and the shell (3) are integrally formed.

5. The spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flow guide protrusion (9) is disposed on the bottom wall of the annular chamber, and the two side walls of the flow guide protrusion (9) form flow channels with the side walls of the annular chamber respectively.

6. The spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet channel (7) and the water outlet channel (8) are located at opposite ends of the heat dissipation cavity (4).

7. The spark plug for a hydrogen internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The housing (3) includes a metal housing (302) and an insulating housing (301) fixedly connected to the metal housing (302). The heat dissipation cavity (4) is located inside the metal housing (302). The water inlet of the water inlet channel (7) and the water outlet of the water outlet channel (8) are both located at the end of the insulating housing (301) away from the metal housing (302).

8. A hydrogen internal combustion engine, characterized in that, It includes a spark plug and a cooling channel, wherein the spark plug is the spark plug according to any one of claims 1-7, and the water inlet channel (7) and the water outlet channel (8) of the spark plug are both connected to the cooling channel.

9. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a circulating pump and a cooling water storage tank, both of which are installed on the cooling channel.

10. The hydrogen internal combustion engine according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, a water temperature controller, a first water temperature sensor, and a second water temperature sensor. The water temperature controller, the first water temperature sensor, and the second water temperature sensor are all disposed on the cooling channel. The first water temperature sensor and the second water temperature sensor are located at opposite ends of the flow direction of the cooling channel. The first water temperature sensor, the second water temperature sensor, the circulating pump, and the water temperature controller are all connected to the control module via signal. The water temperature controller is used to heat up and cool down the cooling water.

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