Power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of power management, particularly relates to a power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, a power input circuit is complex in structure and high in cost, and functional circuits restrict one another and are difficult to optimize at the same time. The inverter is connected to the storage battery and used for preventing power supply reverse connection and suppressing surge voltage; the soft switching control circuit is connected with the input protection circuit and is used for switching on a main power switch under the control of an external starting signal S1 and inhibiting surge current in a power-on process through a delay mechanism; the output voltage stabilizing and filtering circuit is connected to the output end of the soft switching control circuit and is used for generating stable direct-current power supply voltage; and the system processing unit is powered by the output voltage stabilization and filter circuit and is used for outputting a system enable signal S2 to the soft switching control circuit so as to maintain the conduction state of the main power switch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power management technology, and in particular relates to a power management system that integrates input protection and power consumption management. Background Technology

[0002] In new energy motor controllers or other ECU controllers, circuit modules typically have power input terminals. The positive and negative polarities of these terminals are traditionally distinguished by mechanical anti-misconnection structures or graphic markings. Once the power supply is mistakenly connected in reverse, the resulting reverse current can quickly burn out sensitive components in the input circuit, or even trigger a system-level failure, causing permanent damage.

[0003] In the field of automotive electronics, the low-voltage side power supply of the motor controller is directly drawn from the battery, which presents more design challenges, including: Reverse connection protection requirement: There is a risk of reverse battery connection in the automotive maintenance environment. The motor controller must have reliable reverse connection protection capability. Once the power supply is mistakenly reversed, it can easily lead to the burnout of input circuit components or even cause the entire system to fail, thus posing a potential reliability hazard. Extremely low quiescent current constraint: When a vehicle is parked for an extended period, excessive quiescent current from the controller and its load will continuously drain the battery, potentially causing battery depletion and preventing the vehicle from starting, resulting in losses for the user. Major joint venture automakers control quiescent current to ≤0.1mA, which places stringent low-power requirements on power circuit design. How to control the quiescent current of a product to the lowest possible level is a crucial research direction for those working in this field. Surge current suppression: To filter noise and stabilize voltage, a large-value capacitor is usually connected in parallel at the input of the power supply circuit. At the moment of system power-on, an extremely high peak surge current is generated. This current will impact the power supply circuit, potentially triggering fuses, shortening the life of batteries and contacts, and damaging the capacitors themselves.

[0004] Wide voltage operating range requirement: In automotive electronic systems, core chips (such as MCUs) and communication buses (such as CAN) must continue to operate normally even under extreme undervoltage conditions, such as severe battery depletion (e.g., as low as 6V). When designing power supply circuits, components such as rectifier diodes are typically used for current guidance and protection. These components themselves introduce a certain voltage drop. For example, a common rectifier diode may cause a forward voltage drop of approximately 1V when a current of 1A flows through it. Furthermore, other components in the circuit, such as common-mode inductors, MOSFETs, and the resistance of the physical connections themselves, all contribute to additional voltage losses. The total voltage drop may exceed 1.5V. When the automotive supply voltage drops to 6V, the VCC voltage is less than 4.5V, failing to meet the minimum voltage requirement (4.5V~5.5V) for stable system operation, thus affecting the normal operation of the MCU and CAN bus. Simultaneously, when encountering prolonged overvoltage tests above 26V, or high-voltage transient pulses (such as "load dump"), the entire system must possess robust protection capabilities to ensure it is not damaged.

[0005] Existing technologies employ independent circuit solutions to address the aforementioned problems individually. However, this "discrete stacking" approach results in a complex and costly power input circuit structure, and the various functional circuits are mutually restrictive, making simultaneous optimization difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a power management system that integrates input protection and power consumption management, aiming to solve the technical problems of complex power input circuit structure, high cost, and mutual constraints between functional circuits in the prior art, making it difficult to optimize them simultaneously.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management, comprising: Input protection circuit, connected to the battery, is used to prevent reverse power connection and suppress surge voltage; A soft-switching control circuit, connected to the input protection circuit, is used to turn on the main power switch under the control of an external start signal S1, and to suppress the surge current during the power-on process through a delay mechanism. The output voltage regulator and filter circuit is connected to the output terminal of the soft-switching control circuit to generate a stable DC power supply voltage. The system processing unit, powered by the output voltage regulator and filter circuit, outputs the system enable signal S2 to the soft-switching control circuit to maintain the main power switch in the on state.

[0008] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: By organically integrating five functional modules—input protection, control logic, main power switch, output voltage regulation, and system feedback—this invention provides multiple protections from the input end to the load end, including overvoltage, reverse connection, and surge protection. The entire system only supplies power when the start-up conditions are met and there are no abnormalities, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. The MCU, through the output enable signal S2, prevents the risk of vehicle breakdown caused by key / start-stop switch failure or driver misoperation. This enhances the robustness of the system under fault or abnormal operating conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, the input protection circuit described above includes: battery BT1, TVS diode Z1, body diode D1, MOSFET Q1, and Zener diode D3; The positive terminal of the battery BT1 is connected to the drain of the MOSFET Q1, and the negative terminal of the battery BT1 is grounded. One end of the TVS diode Z1 is connected between the battery BT1 and the MOSFET Q1, and the other end of the TVS diode Z1 is grounded. The body diode D1 is connected in reverse parallel between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q1. The gate of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the soft-switching control circuit. One end of the Zener diode D3 is connected to the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the other end is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention by adopting the above technical solution are as follows: The present invention utilizes the directional characteristics of the body diode D1 of the P-type MOS transistor Q1 to naturally cut off when the battery is reverse connected, without the need for an additional diode, thereby reducing the forward voltage drop and heat generation; the TVS transistor Z1 is connected in parallel to the input terminal, which can quickly clamp transient high voltages (such as above 60V) such as load drops, thus protecting the subsequent circuits.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned soft-switching control circuit includes: capacitor C1, resistor R1, resistor R2, switching device Q2, diode D4, diode D5, body diode D2, and MOSFET Q3. The capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the Zener diode D3, the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the switching device Q2. The input terminal of the diode D4 is connected to the start signal S1, and the input terminal of the diode D5 is connected to the enable signal S2. The output terminals of both diodes D4 and D5 are connected to the input terminal of the switching device Q2, and the switching device Q2 is grounded. The drain of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the gate of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1. The body diode D2 is connected between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q3.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention by adopting the above technical solution are as follows: even if S1 fails due to vibration during driving, as long as the MCU is running normally and S2 is kept effective, the system will still maintain power supply, avoiding the vehicle from breaking down. D4 / D5 blocks the electrical coupling between S1 and S2, preventing mechanical switch noise from interfering with the MCU.

[0013] Furthermore, the capacitor C1 and resistor R2 mentioned above form an RC delay network, which is used to slow down the rate of gate voltage drop of MOSFET Q3 during power-on, thereby suppressing surge current.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention by adopting the above technical solution are as follows: the MOS transistor Q3 of the present invention is controlled by the RC delay network to achieve slow turn-on and turn-off, reducing the surge current from 95.7A to below 13.7A. The body diode D2 of Q3 prevents the load capacitor discharge current from flowing back in the turn-off state, thereby improving the turn-off safety.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned output voltage regulator and filter circuit includes: capacitor C2, capacitor C3, power supply load, capacitor C4, and capacitor C5; One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the soft-switching control circuit, and the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with capacitor C2. One end of the power load is connected to capacitor C3, and the other end of the power load is connected to capacitor C4, and the power load is grounded. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded. Capacitor C5 is connected in parallel with capacitor C4.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention by adopting the above technical solution are as follows: The present invention uses capacitors C4 / C5 to locally decouple +5V, eliminates switching noise of digital circuits, and ensures a clean power supply for the MCU.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned power load includes a DC / DC converter, a voltage regulator, an amplifier, and a power chip, used to convert the +12V bus voltage to a +5V voltage for use by different types of loads.

[0018] Furthermore, the system processing unit described above includes an MCU for outputting an enable signal S2.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The structure of the present invention completely cuts off the power supply path of unnecessary loads, reducing the system static current to close to 0mA, fundamentally solving the technical problem that the static current in traditional automotive electronic systems is difficult to return to zero and that long-term accumulation causes battery depletion.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention organically integrates five major functional modules: input protection, control logic, main power switch, output voltage regulation, and system feedback. It has multiple protections from the input end to the load end, including overvoltage, reverse connection, and surge protection. The entire system is only powered when the start-up conditions are met and there are no abnormalities, thus avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. The MCU can actively cut off the power supply, improving the robustness of the system under fault or abnormal operating conditions.

[0021] 2. This invention can achieve reverse connection protection for the input voltage by multiplexing a Zener diode and a capacitor across the gate-source (VGS) terminals of MOSFETs Q1 and Q2. The Zener diode clamps the VGS voltage within a safe range, effectively preventing MOSFET breakdown or failure due to excessive gate-source voltage; simultaneously, the capacitor helps filter out high-frequency noise, further improving the stability and reliability of the drive signal.

[0022] 3. The capacitor in this invention provides a charging buffer during Q2 startup. Combined with the voltage-controlled constant current characteristics of the MOSFET operating in the saturation region, it reduces the drain current I... D (i.e., the charging current of the load capacitor) can only change with the gate-source voltage V. GS The charging current rises slowly. This mechanism effectively limits the rate of rise of the charging current (dI / dt) and the peak inrush current, avoiding large current surges caused by repeated, long-term impact stress accumulation at the moment of power-on. This not only helps protect the car battery and extend its lifespan, but also effectively protects relay contacts, fuses, and cable connectors, significantly improving the overall robustness and reliability of the system. Furthermore, because no additional pre-charging circuit is required, the structure is simple and the cost is low.

[0023] 4. This invention provides a circuit structure for controlling quiescent current, which can effectively prevent battery depletion when a car is parked for an extended period, avoiding the problem of the vehicle failing to start due to a depleted battery. This structure reduces the system's quiescent current to near 0mA by completely cutting off the power supply path to unnecessary loads, fundamentally solving the technical problem in traditional automotive electronic systems where quiescent current is difficult to reduce to zero and long-term accumulation leads to battery depletion.

[0024] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management is shown. Figure 2 A circuit diagram without a delay network according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 It shows according to Figure 3 A schematic diagram of current and voltage obtained from a circuit diagram; Figure 4 A circuit diagram with a delay network according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 It shows according to Figure 4 A schematic diagram of current and voltage obtained from the circuit diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management, comprising: Input protection circuit, connected to the battery, is used to prevent reverse power connection and suppress surge voltage; A soft-switching control circuit, connected to the input protection circuit, is used to turn on the main power switch under the control of an external start signal S1, and to suppress the surge current during the power-on process through a delay mechanism. The output voltage regulator and filter circuit is connected to the output terminal of the soft-switching control circuit to generate a stable DC power supply voltage. The system processing unit, powered by the output voltage regulator and filter circuit, outputs the system enable signal S2 to the soft-switching control circuit to maintain the main power switch in the on state.

[0029] In summary, this invention organically integrates five functional modules: input protection, control logic, main power switch, output voltage regulation, and system feedback. It provides multiple protections from the input end to the load end, including overvoltage, reverse connection, and surge protection. The entire system only supplies power when the startup conditions are met and there are no abnormalities, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. The MCU outputs an enable signal S2 to prevent the risk of vehicle breakdown caused by key / start-stop switch failure or driver misoperation. This enhances the system's robustness under fault or abnormal operating conditions.

[0030] Optionally, the input protection circuit includes: battery BT1, TVS diode Z1, body diode D1, MOSFET Q1, and Zener diode D3; The positive terminal of the battery BT1 is connected to the drain of the MOSFET Q1, and the negative terminal of the battery BT1 is grounded. One end of the TVS diode Z1 is connected between the battery BT1 and the MOSFET Q1, and the other end of the TVS diode Z1 is grounded. The body diode D1 is connected in reverse parallel between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q1. The gate of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the soft-switching control circuit. One end of the Zener diode D3 is connected to the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the other end is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1.

[0031] In summary, this invention utilizes the directional characteristics of the body diode D1 of the P-type MOSFET Q1 to naturally cut off when the battery is reverse-connected, eliminating the need for an additional diode and reducing on-state voltage drop and heat generation; the TVS diode Z1 is connected in parallel at the input terminal to quickly clamp transient high voltages (such as above 60V) such as load drops, protecting the subsequent circuitry.

[0032] Optionally, the soft-switching control circuit includes: capacitor C1, resistor R1, resistor R2, switching device Q2, diode D4, diode D5, body diode D2, and MOSFET Q3. The capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the Zener diode D3, the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the switching device Q2. The input terminal of the diode D4 is connected to the start signal S1, and the input terminal of the diode D5 is connected to the enable signal S2. The output terminals of both diodes D4 and D5 are connected to the input terminal of the switching device Q2, and the switching device Q2 is grounded. The drain of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the gate of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1. The body diode D2 is connected between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q3.

[0033] In summary, even if S1 fails due to vibration during vehicle operation, as long as the MCU operates normally and S2 remains effective, the system will still maintain power supply, preventing the vehicle from breaking down. D4 / D5 blocks the electrical coupling between S1 and S2, preventing mechanical switch noise from interfering with the MCU.

[0034] Optionally, the capacitor C1 and the resistor R2 form an RC delay network to slow down the rate of gate voltage drop of the MOS transistor Q3 during power-on, thereby suppressing surge current.

[0035] In summary, the MOSFET Q3 of this invention is controlled by an RC delay network to achieve slow turn-on and turn-off, reducing the surge current from 95.7A to below 13.7A. The body diode D2 of Q3 prevents the load capacitor discharge current from flowing back in during the turn-off state, thus improving turn-off safety.

[0036] Optionally, the output voltage regulator and filter circuit includes: capacitor C2, capacitor C3, power supply load, capacitor C4, and capacitor C5; One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the soft-switching control circuit, and the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with capacitor C2. One end of the power load is connected to capacitor C3, and the other end of the power load is connected to capacitor C4, and the power load is grounded. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded. Capacitor C5 is connected in parallel with capacitor C4.

[0037] In summary, this invention uses capacitors C4 / C5 to locally decouple +5V, eliminating switching noise in digital circuits and ensuring a clean power supply for the MCU.

[0038] Optionally, the power load includes a DC / DC converter, a voltage regulator, an amplifier, and a power chip, used to convert the +12V bus voltage to a +5V voltage for use by different types of loads.

[0039] Optionally, the system processing unit includes an MCU for outputting an enable signal S2.

[0040] In summary, the structure of this invention reduces the system static current to near 0mA by completely cutting off the power supply path of unnecessary loads, fundamentally solving the technical problem of static current being difficult to return to zero and battery depletion caused by long-term accumulation in traditional automotive electronic systems.

[0041] In this embodiment, during vehicle startup, when the vehicle battery (BT1) is connected and provides voltage, this voltage first conducts through the body diode D1 of the P-type MOSFET Q1, establishing an initial power supply path. Subsequently, the driver operates the key switch or presses the start / stop button, making the external start signal S1 valid and triggering the switching device Q2 to conduct.

[0042] Because capacitor C1 and resistor R2 in the soft-switching control circuit form an RC delay network, the gate voltage of MOSFET Q3 is slowly pulled down, thus allowing it to gradually turn on at a controllable rate. This soft-start mechanism significantly suppresses the surge current at power-on: such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when there is no delay network, the peak surge current reaches as high as 95.7A when Q3 turns on quickly; while as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 For circuit design diagrams with delay networks, such as Figure 5 As shown, after slow conduction, the peak surge current is effectively limited to within 13.7A. Simultaneously, the +12V main power supply voltage rises smoothly, significantly reducing voltage overshoot and fluctuations, and improving power integrity.

[0043] With the +12V bus stabilized, the power load in the output voltage regulator and filter circuit converts the voltage to a stable VCC_5V, supplying power to the system processing unit (MCU). After the MCU is working normally, it immediately outputs an enable signal S2 and feeds it back to the soft-switching control circuit, which, together with the start signal S1, maintains the conduction state of Q2 and Q3. This embodiment uses a dual-signal control mechanism (S1 comes from the mechanical / electronic start / stop switch, and S2 is actively generated by the MCU) to form redundant enable logic: even if the key signal S1 is temporarily lost due to jitter, poor contact, or misoperation during driving, as long as the MCU determines that the system is operating normally, it can still effectively ensure continuous power supply by maintaining S2, thereby effectively avoiding the risk of unexpected power outages or breakdowns of the entire vehicle.

[0044] When the vehicle is parked, even though the battery BT1 still provides voltage input, the potential power supply path is maintained through the conduction of the body diode D1 of the MOSFET Q1. However, once the driver removes the key or turns off the start / stop button, the start signal S1 becomes invalid, and the system processing unit MCU also controls the enable signal S2 to be invalid to ensure safe power disconnection.

[0045] Specifically, when both S1 and S2 are ineffective, the first power supply loop (from BT1 through Q1, D1, R1, C1, D3, R2 to Q2) is interrupted by the switching device Q2, cutting off the power supply path to subsequent circuits. As Q2 turns off, MOSFET Q3 also gradually turns off because its gate voltage slowly decreases through the RC network composed of resistor R2 and capacitor C1. This process allows the +12V power supply and VCC_5V power supply to discharge slowly to 0V in a controlled manner, avoiding the impact of sudden power outages on electronic equipment.

[0046] Meanwhile, the other power supply loop (from BT1 through Q1, D1, Q3, D2, then to capacitors C2, C3, the power load, capacitors C4, C5, and the MCU) is also completely cut off due to the complete turn-off of MOSFET Q3, thus ensuring that the power supply to the entire system is completely disabled and enters sleep mode. In this mode, all loads stop consuming current, achieving almost 0mA of static current consumption, greatly reducing unnecessary energy consumption and extending battery life.

[0047] After the vehicle stops and enters sleep mode, the system effectively cuts off the power supply path from battery BT1 to all loads by completely shutting down the main power switch MOSFET Q3 and control logic switch Q2. At this time, the system's quiescent current consists only of the leakage current of a very small number of semiconductor devices that are in the off or cut-off state, mainly including: the reverse cut-off leakage current I of TVS diode Z1. Z1 The leakage current I of the switching device Q2 (e.g., model BSS138BK) in the off state. q2 =I DSS The reverse leakage current I of the body diode and channel of the main power MOSFET Q3 (e.g., model IPD70P04P4-09ATMA1) in the off state. q3 = I DSS According to the device datasheet, under normal temperature conditions: I Z1 ≤1μA; I q2 ≤1μA; I q3 ≤0.04μA. Therefore, the upper limit of the total static current consumption of the system is:

[0048] Actual measured values ​​are typically even lower, and can be considered as an ultra-low static power consumption level approaching 0mA. This metric is far superior to industry-standard values.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure in this invention is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this invention.

Claims

1. A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management, characterized in that, include: Input protection circuit, connected to the battery, is used to prevent reverse power connection and suppress surge voltage; A soft-switching control circuit, connected to the input protection circuit, is used to turn on the main power switch under the control of an external start signal S1, and to suppress the surge current during the power-on process through a delay mechanism. The output voltage regulator and filter circuit is connected to the output terminal of the soft-switching control circuit to generate a stable DC power supply voltage. The system processing unit, powered by the output voltage regulator and filter circuit, outputs the system enable signal S2 to the soft-switching control circuit to maintain the main power switch in the on state.

2. The power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input protection circuit includes: battery BT1, TVS diode Z1, body diode D1, MOSFET Q1, and Zener diode D3; The positive terminal of the battery BT1 is connected to the drain of the MOSFET Q1, and the negative terminal of the battery BT1 is grounded. One end of the TVS diode Z1 is connected between the battery BT1 and the MOSFET Q1, and the other end of the TVS diode Z1 is grounded. The body diode D1 is connected in reverse parallel between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q1. The gate of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the soft-switching control circuit. One end of the Zener diode D3 is connected to the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the other end is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1.

3. A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soft-switching control circuit includes: capacitor C1, resistor R1, resistor R2, switching device Q2, diode D4, diode D5, body diode D2, and MOSFET Q3. The capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the Zener diode D3, the resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the switching device Q2. The input terminal of the diode D4 is connected to the start signal S1, and the input terminal of the diode D5 is connected to the enable signal S2. The output terminals of both diodes D4 and D5 are connected to the input terminal of the switching device Q2, and the switching device Q2 is grounded. The drain of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the source of the MOSFET Q1, and the gate of the MOSFET Q3 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET Q1. The body diode D2 is connected between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q3.

4. A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to claim 3, characterized in that, The capacitor C1 and resistor R2 form an RC delay network, which is used to slow down the rate of decrease of the gate voltage of MOSFET Q3 during power-on, thereby suppressing surge current.

5. A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output voltage regulator and filter circuit includes: capacitor C2, capacitor C3, power supply load, capacitor C4, and capacitor C5; One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the soft-switching control circuit, and the other end of capacitor C2 is grounded. Capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with capacitor C2. One end of the power load is connected to capacitor C3, and the other end of the power load is connected to capacitor C4, and the power load is grounded. The other end of capacitor C4 is grounded. Capacitor C5 is connected in parallel with capacitor C4.

6. A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power load includes a DC / DC converter, a voltage regulator, an amplifier, and a power chip, used to convert the +12V bus voltage to a +5V voltage to supply different types of loads.

7. A power management system integrating input protection and power consumption management according to claim 4, characterized in that, The system processing unit includes an MCU, which is used to output an enable signal S2.

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