Power transmission line self-energy-taking device and state detection system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line self-energy-taking, and discloses a power transmission line self-energy-taking device and a state detection system, and the device comprises a housing structure, a motion structure, an electromagnetic power generation structure, and a friction power generation structure. Wherein the moving structure is composed of a permanent magnet, a spring and a fixing groove, the vertical shell and the fixing groove are connected through the spring, and a spring mass vibration system is constructed; the electromagnetic power generation structure generates power through relative movement of a permanent magnet and a coil. The friction power generation structure generates power through sliding separation of sliding electrodes on the side faces of the fixing grooves and electrodes in the side shells. The invention further discloses a state detection system, vibration energy is collected through the device and stored in an energy storage battery through an energy management circuit to supply power to a sensor detection circuit, and data are sent to an upper computer through a wireless transmission module. The power transmission line state real-time detection without external energy supply can be realized, and the problem of power supply of monitoring equipment in remote areas is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission line self-powering technology, specifically to a power transmission line self-powering device and condition monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Overhead transmission lines traverse vast areas, often along complex terrains. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid system, real-time monitoring of line galloping, icing, temperature, and the condition of connection hardware is essential. The stable operation of various sensor nodes, widely distributed on towers and conductors, depends on a continuous and reliable power supply. In remote mountainous areas, and in difficult-to-access sections such as those crossing rivers and seas, conventional power cable installation methods are extremely difficult to construct and costly.

[0003] Currently, the power supply for online monitoring terminals of transmission lines mainly adopts methods such as chemical batteries, solar photovoltaic panels, and current inductors. Some technologies are beginning to explore collecting the vibration energy generated by transmission lines under natural wind forces. Traditional vibration energy harvesting devices are mostly designed based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Structurally, they usually include a suspended mass block and an induction coil. When the conductor experiences wind-induced vibration, the device moves accordingly. Due to inertia, the internal mass block undergoes relative displacement with the coil, cutting magnetic field lines and generating an induced current.

[0004] However, existing power transmission line monitoring technologies suffer from short-life chemical batteries, and manual tower climbing for replacement and maintenance is not only costly but also carries significant safety risks. Therefore, this invention provides a power transmission line self-powering device and condition monitoring system to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a power transmission line self-powering device and condition monitoring system, which solves the problem of continuous power supply for existing overhead power transmission line monitoring equipment in environments lacking external power supply.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention provides a power transmission line self-powering device, the device comprising a housing structure, a moving structure, an electromagnetic power generation structure, and a triboelectric power generation structure; The outer shell structure is composed of a vertical shell and a side shell connected together. The moving structure is located inside the outer shell structure and forms a vibration pickup system. The moving structure consists of a permanent magnet, a spring, and a fixing slot. The fixing slot is suspended or supported on the vertical shell by the spring. One end of the spring is connected to the vertical shell, and the other end is connected to the fixing slot, which spatially isolates the vertical shell from the fixing slot and forms an elastic connection. The permanent magnet is installed and fixed inside the fixing slot. The fixing slot, the permanent magnet, and the spring together constitute a spring-mass vibration system.

[0007] The electromagnetic power generation structure operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and consists of the moving structure and a coil. The coil is located inside the vertical shell and corresponds to the permanent magnet in the fixed slot. When the transmission line vibrates, it causes the shell structure to vibrate. Due to inertia, the fixed slot and the permanent magnet compress or stretch the spring, causing them to reciprocate up and down relative to the shell structure and the coil. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the movement of the permanent magnet relative to the coil causes a change in the magnetic flux passing through the coil, thereby generating an induced electromotive force and an induced current at both ends of the coil. The shape of the coil can be optimized according to the magnetic field distribution, including but not limited to loop shape, straight conductor shape, and concentric circles.

[0008] The triboelectric power generation structure operates based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction principle. It consists of a sliding electrode, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first and second electrodes are arranged parallel to each other on an insulating substrate inside the side shell, serving as stator electrodes. The sliding electrode is located on the side of the fixed slot, serving as a mover electrode, and its size matches that of the first and second electrodes. During vibration, as the moving structure moves up and down, the sliding electrode slides back and forth on the surfaces of the first and second electrodes. The contact area between the sliding electrode and the first and second electrodes changes periodically, causing a change in the charge distribution on the contact surface. This creates a potential difference between the electrodes, driving electrons to flow in the external circuit and generating alternating current.

[0009] A second aspect of the present invention provides a transmission line status monitoring system that utilizes the self-powered transmission line device described in the first aspect, comprising an energy management circuit, an energy storage battery, a sensor detection circuit, a wireless transmission module, and a host computer. The self-powered transmission line device is installed on the overhead transmission line, using the aforementioned electromagnetic and triboelectric power generation structures to convert the mechanical vibration energy of the line into electrical energy. The energy management circuit is connected to the output of the self-powered transmission line device and is used to rectify, filter, and stabilize the unstable AC power. The energy storage battery is connected to the energy management circuit, stores the processed electrical energy, and serves as a stable power supply for the sensor detection circuit. The sensor detection circuit is used to collect the operating status data of the transmission line. The wireless transmission module is connected to the sensor detection circuit, receives the detection data, and transmits it through a wireless communication protocol. The host computer acts as a remote monitoring terminal, receives the data sent by the wireless transmission module, and performs remote monitoring and fault diagnosis of the transmission line status by parsing real-time information.

[0010] This invention provides a power transmission line self-powering device and a condition monitoring system. It has the following advantages: 1. This invention adopts a composite structure that combines electromagnetic power generation and triboelectric power generation. The moving structure inside the shell simultaneously drives the coil induction and electrode sliding, utilizing the mechanical vibration generated by the power transmission line in the natural environment. Through two different physical mechanisms, kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, which complements the limitations of a single power generation method and improves the energy conversion efficiency and output power density of the device under different vibration frequencies and amplitudes.

[0011] 2. This invention utilizes an elastic motion component consisting of a spring and a fixed groove to achieve a flexible connection between the power generation unit and the outer casing. It can sensitively respond to line vibrations and drive the permanent magnet and sliding electrode to generate relative motion. Moreover, the structure is simple and compact, avoiding complex mechanical transmission components and improving the mechanical stability and reliability of the device during long-term operation.

[0012] 3. This invention constructs a complete self-powered monitoring system that includes energy harvesting, storage, and application. It solves the problem that monitoring equipment for overhead transmission lines in remote areas has difficulty obtaining external power and has high battery maintenance costs. Through the energy management circuit, the collected weak electrical energy is processed and stored in the battery, providing continuous and stable power support for the sensors and wireless transmission modules, and realizing long-term monitoring of the status of transmission lines. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the open-circuit voltage output of the triboelectric power generation structure of the present invention.

[0014] The components include: 1. Vertical housing; 2. Fixing groove; 3. Permanent magnet; 4. Spring; 5. Side housing; 6. First electrode; 7. Sliding electrode; 8. Second electrode; 9. Coil; 10. Energy management circuit; 11. Energy storage battery; 12. Sensor detection circuit; 13. Wireless transmission module; and 14. Host computer. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see the appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 3 This embodiment provides a power transmission line self-powered device. The main structure of the device includes an outer shell structure, a moving structure, an electromagnetic power generation structure, and a triboelectric power generation structure. The outer shell structure, as an integral support component, is composed of a vertical shell 1 and a side shell 5. The moving structure is located inside the outer shell structure and consists of a fixing groove 2, a permanent magnet 3, and a spring 4.

[0017] One end of the spring 4 is connected to the inner wall of the vertical housing 1, and the other end is connected to the top of the fixing groove 2, so that the fixing groove 2 is suspended inside the vertical housing 1 by the spring 4. The permanent magnet 3 is installed and fixed in the internal space of the fixing groove 2 and moves synchronously with the fixing groove 2. This connection method creates an elastic connection between the moving structure and the outer shell structure, forming a spring-mass system that can respond to external vibrations.

[0018] The electromagnetic power generation structure is composed of a permanent magnet 3 and a coil 9, which are part of the aforementioned moving structure. The coil 9 is located on the inner surface of the vertical housing 1, corresponding to the permanent magnet 3 in the fixed slot 2. When the device vibrates with the power transmission line, the permanent magnet 3 reciprocates relative to the coil 9, thereby cutting the magnetic field lines.

[0019] The triboelectric power generation structure consists of a sliding electrode 7, a first electrode 6, and a second electrode 8. The first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8 are arranged parallel to each other on the inner wall of the side housing 5. The sliding electrode 7 is attached and fixed to the outer side wall of the fixing groove 2. In a static state, the sliding electrode 7 partially overlaps or contacts the first electrode 6 or the second electrode 8; in a moving state, the sliding electrode 7 moves up and down with the fixing groove 2, thereby engaging in alternating sliding friction contact with the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8.

[0020] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 3The outer shell structure is made of a non-magnetic and insulating rigid material, such as acrylic, polycarbonate, or engineering plastics, to avoid interfering with the internal magnetic field distribution and prevent electrode short circuits. The vertical shell 1 is hollow cylindrical or cuboid in shape, providing space for the internal components to move and for mounting. The side shell 5 is connected to the side of the vertical shell 1, forming an integrated structure with it, and its internal space is used to accommodate the triboelectric power generation components. The outer shell structure is also equipped with clamps for snap-fit ​​or bolt fastening to rigidly fix the entire device to the overhead transmission line, ensuring that vibrations from the transmission line are directly transmitted to the outer shell structure.

[0021] The fixed slot 2 in the moving structure has a cavity inside that matches the shape of the permanent magnet 3. The permanent magnet 3 is fixed in this cavity by interference fit or adhesive, ensuring that the two do not undergo relative displacement under severe vibration. The spring 4 is a metal helical spring with high fatigue life. Its stiffness coefficient is designed to match the frequency range of common wind vibrations in transmission lines (e.g., 5Hz to 50Hz), so that the natural frequency of the moving structure is close to the environmental vibration frequency, thereby achieving resonance to maximize the amplitude. The spring 4 is arranged vertically, with one end fixed to the top inner wall of the vertical housing 1 and the other end connected to the top center of the fixed slot 2, ensuring that the fixed slot 2 mainly moves in a single degree of freedom in the vertical direction. To prevent structural damage due to excessive movement amplitude, a limit block or buffer pad can also be set at the bottom of the vertical housing 1.

[0022] In the specific implementation of the electromagnetic power generation structure, coil 9 is made of enameled copper wire and is tightly fixed to the inner wall of the vertical shell 1, located within the coverage area of ​​the permanent magnet 3's movement stroke. The winding form of coil 9 can be selected as spiral, straight conductor, or concentric circular according to the magnetic field distribution characteristics of permanent magnet 3. In this embodiment, if cylindrical permanent magnet 3 is used, coil 9 is preferably concentric circular or spiral winding to maximize the effect of cutting magnetic lines of force; if strip permanent magnet 3 is used, coil 9 is preferably racetrack-shaped or spiral winding. Permanent magnet 3 is made of high remanence material such as neodymium iron boron, and the magnetization direction is perpendicular to the plane where coil 9 is located. When the fixing slot 2 drives permanent magnet 3 to move up and down relative to coil 9, the magnetic flux passing through the closed loop of coil 9 changes with time. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an induced electromotive force is generated at both ends of coil 9.

[0023] In the triboelectric power generation structure, the sliding electrode 7, the first electrode 6, and the second electrode 8 are all made of a thin metal film with good conductivity, such as copper foil or aluminum foil. The first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8 are attached parallel to each other on the insulating substrate of the inner wall of the side housing 5 at a predetermined interval, maintaining electrical isolation between them. The sliding electrode 7 is attached to the outer wall of the fixing groove 2, and its length is adapted to the width of the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8 to maximize the contact area during the sliding process.

[0024] To enhance the triboelectric effect, triboelectric negative and triboelectric positive material layers of opposite polarities are respectively attached to the contact surfaces of the sliding electrode 7 with the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8. A polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated ethylene propylene film can be coated on the surfaces of the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8 as a negative polarity triboelectric layer, while nylon or metal itself can be coated on the surface of the sliding electrode 7 as a positive polarity triboelectric layer. The surfaces can also be treated with micro / nano structures to increase the effective contact area.

[0025] See attached document Figure 2 The transmission line status detection system provided in this embodiment is based on the above-mentioned transmission line self-powered device. The system includes an energy management circuit 10, an energy storage battery 11, a sensor detection circuit 12, a wireless transmission module 13, and a host computer 14.

[0026] The power transmission line self-powered device serves as the system's energy source and is installed on the overhead power transmission line. Its power output terminal is electrically connected to the input terminal of the energy management circuit 10, and the output terminal of the energy management circuit 10 is connected to the energy storage battery 11, which converts the unstable AC power generated by the power transmission line self-powered device into DC power and stores it in the energy storage battery 11.

[0027] The energy storage battery 11 is connected to the energy management circuit 10 and the sensor detection circuit 12 respectively. As a buffer power source for the system, the energy storage battery 11 is used to store the electrical energy output by the energy management circuit 10 and to provide a stable operating voltage to the sensor detection circuit 12 and the wireless transmission module 13.

[0028] The sensor detection circuit 12 is installed on the power transmission line or integrated inside the device to collect the operating status parameters of the power transmission line. The data output terminal of the sensor detection circuit 12 is connected to the wireless transmission module 13, and the wireless transmission module 13 establishes a communication connection with the remote host computer 14.

[0029] The input terminals of the energy management circuit 10 are connected to the electromagnetic power generation structure and the triboelectric power generation structure in the power transmission line self-powering device, respectively. Since electromagnetic power generation produces low-voltage, high-current alternating current, while triboelectric power generation produces high-voltage, low-current alternating current, the energy management circuit 10 integrates an impedance matching unit and a dual-channel rectifier unit. The dual-channel rectifier unit uses a full-wave rectifier bridge circuit to rectify the two alternating currents with different characteristics, converting them into unidirectional pulsating direct current. The rectified circuit is connected to a filter and voltage regulator unit, which uses electrolytic capacitors or tantalum capacitors to filter out voltage ripple. Combined with a DC-DC buck-boost converter chip or a low-dropout linear regulator, the voltage is stabilized to the charging voltage standard required by the energy storage battery 11. The energy management circuit 10 also includes overcharge and over-discharge protection logic to monitor the battery voltage and prevent battery damage.

[0030] The energy storage battery 11 is connected between the output of the energy management circuit 10 and the load. In this embodiment, the energy storage battery 11 is selected as a wide-temperature lithium polymer battery or a supercapacitor module to adapt to outdoor high and low temperature changes. During the vibration of the transmission line, the energy storage battery 11 stores electrical energy from the energy management circuit 10; when the transmission line is stationary or the vibration is weak, the energy storage battery 11 releases electrical energy to provide a continuous and stable DC operating voltage for the downstream sensor detection circuit 12 and the wireless transmission module 13.

[0031] The sensor detection circuit 12 is connected to the energy storage battery 11 via a power line and is a low-power microcontroller. The input terminal of the microcontroller is connected to various sensor probes, including: a triaxial MEMS accelerometer for monitoring the frequency of conductor galloping and wind vibration; a MEMS tilt sensor for monitoring changes in conductor sag and tilt angle; and a thermistor or digital temperature sensor for monitoring the surface temperature of the conductor. The sensor detection circuit 12 periodically collects the above physical quantities according to a preset sampling frequency, and the microcontroller performs analog-to-digital conversion and digital filtering on the original analog signals to generate a digitally encoded data packet containing the operating status of the transmission line.

[0032] The wireless transmission module 13 communicates with the microcontroller of the sensor detection circuit 12 via a universal asynchronous transceiver or serial peripheral interface. Considering that power transmission lines are usually located in the field and the power supply capacity of the self-powered device is limited, the wireless transmission module 13 preferably adopts a radio frequency module with low-power wide-area network communication technology, such as a LoRa module or an NB-IoT module. The wireless transmission module 13 receives status data packets sent by the microcontroller, modulates them into radio frequency signals, and transmits them. The wireless transmission module 13 supports a sleep and wake-up mechanism, and is only in a high-power transmission state during data transmission periods, while maintaining a low-power listening or sleep state at other times to match the power supply capacity of the self-powered device.

[0033] The host computer 14 includes a wireless gateway receiving device and a data server located in the monitoring center. The wireless gateway receiving device receives the radio frequency signals sent by the wireless transmission module 13, demodulates and restores them to data packets, and uploads them to the data server via Ethernet or mobile communication network. The data server runs status monitoring software to store historical data and perform real-time analysis. The host computer 14 compares the received vibration frequency, tilt angle, and temperature data with the standard thresholds for safe operation of the transmission line to determine whether the line is in an abnormal state such as icing, excessive galloping, or overheating. When the data is abnormal, the host computer 14 triggers an alarm, thereby realizing remote, real-time, and intelligent detection of the transmission line status.

[0034] Working principle: When this device is used, if the overhead transmission line is subjected to wind disturbance and vibrates, it will cause the transmission line self-powered device installed on the line to vibrate as a whole. Due to inertia, the fixed groove 2 and permanent magnet 3 inside the device compress or stretch the spring 4, resulting in a lag-induced up-and-down reciprocating motion relative to the outer shell structure.

[0035] During this process, the permanent magnet 3 in the electromagnetic power generation structure moves relative to the coil 9, causing a change in the magnetic flux passing through the coil 9 and generating an induced current in the coil 9. At the same time, the sliding electrode 7 in the triboelectric power generation structure slides back and forth on the surfaces of the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 8 under the drive of the fixed groove 2, generating charge transfer through triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects, thus forming a current.

[0036] The electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic power generation structure and the triboelectric power generation structure is input to the energy management circuit 10 for rectification and voltage regulation, and then stored in the energy storage battery 11. When the energy storage battery 11 is fully charged, it drives the sensor detection circuit 12 to work to obtain line status data. The sensor detection circuit 12 sends the data to the wireless transmission module 13, and the wireless transmission module 13 packages the data and sends it to the host computer 14. The host computer 14 receives and parses the data to realize real-time monitoring of the transmission line status.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power transmission line self-powering device, characterized in that, This includes shell structure, motion structure, electromagnetic power generation structure, and triboelectric power generation structure; The outer shell structure is composed of a vertical shell and a side shell connected together; The moving structure consists of a permanent magnet, a spring, and a fixing groove. The fixing groove is connected to one end of the spring, and the other end of the spring is connected to the vertical housing. The permanent magnet is installed inside the fixing groove. The electromagnetic power generation structure consists of the moving structure and a coil. The coil is disposed inside the vertical housing and cooperates with the permanent magnet in the fixed slot. The triboelectric power generation structure consists of a sliding electrode, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged in parallel inside the side housing. The sliding electrode is arranged on the side of the fixed groove and forms a sliding fit with the first electrode and the second electrode.

2. The power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet is disposed in the fixed groove and moves synchronously with the fixed groove.

3. The power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spring is used to isolate the vertical housing from the fixed groove, and the spring provides elastic force during the up-and-down movement of the moving structure.

4. The power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spring connects the vertical housing and the fixing groove in a vertical direction.

5. A power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coil generates current inside the coil due to the change in magnetic flux caused by the up-and-down movement of the permanent magnet in the moving structure.

6. A power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coils in the electromagnetic power generation structure include loop-shaped, straight conductor-shaped, and concentric circular coils.

7. A power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding electrode has the same dimensions as the first electrode and the second electrode.

8. A power transmission line self-powering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triboelectric power generation structure is specifically as follows: The up-and-down movement of the moving structure during vibration causes the sliding electrode on the side of the fixed groove to slide and separate from the first electrode and the second electrode, generating current.

9. A transmission line condition monitoring system, applied to a transmission line self-powered device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes energy management circuits, energy storage batteries, sensor detection circuits, wireless transmission modules, and host computers.

10. A transmission line condition monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The energy management circuit is used to receive the electrical energy converted by the power transmission line self-energy extraction device and output it. The energy storage battery is used to store the electrical energy output by the energy management circuit and to provide power to the sensor detection circuit. The sensor detection circuit is used to detect the status of the power transmission line and output the detection data; The wireless transmission module is used to receive the detection data and transmit the detection data to the host computer; The host computer is used to receive data transmitted by the wireless transmission module and to detect the status of the power transmission line through real-time information of the power transmission line.

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