Flywheel energy storage equipment predictive dynamic balancing device and system based on photon perception

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flywheel energy storage, in particular to a flywheel energy storage equipment predictive dynamic balancing device and system based on photon perception. The sensing module is embedded into the end face of the rotor body; the control module is connected with the sensing module to receive transmission; the execution module is arranged along the circumference of the rotor body and is connected with the control module so as to be driven by the control module; the safety mechanism is located in an annular cavity formed in the rotor body and connected with the rotor body so as to be driven by centrifugal force. The beneficial effects of the invention are that the photonic crystal fiber network unit collects rotor vibration, displacement, stress, temperature and other data in real time and predicts the unbalance trend, the control module generates an adjustment strategy, the execution module is driven to carry out counterweight compensation and unbalance correction, and the system is kept stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flywheel energy storage technology, and in particular to a predictive dynamic balancing device and system for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Flywheel energy storage devices, as highly efficient energy storage and release devices, achieve efficient energy conversion and storage through a high-speed rotating rotor. The core of their operation lies in the stable operation of the rotor at high speeds to ensure the system's energy efficiency and long-term reliability. However, due to the influence of centrifugal force, thermal stress, and material properties during high-speed rotation, the rotor is prone to dynamic imbalances, leading to a decrease in system operational stability.

[0003] Dynamic imbalance primarily stems from uneven material density, assembly deviations, or microscopic deformation during long-term operation. These factors cause the rotor's center of mass to deviate from the axis of rotation, resulting in periodic vibrations. This leads to excessive bearing wear, increased energy loss, and may even trigger a collision between the rotor and the outer casing. The unpredictability of dynamic imbalance poses a significant challenge to the performance of flywheel energy storage devices during continuous operation.

[0004] In existing technologies, common solutions include static balancing and periodic shutdown adjustments. Static balancing achieves initial balance by adjusting the rotor's mass distribution during manufacturing or installation, but it cannot cope with dynamic changes during operation. Periodic shutdown adjustments restore system stability by detecting and correcting imbalances, but this method leads to operational interruptions, increased maintenance costs, and delayed response, failing to address dynamic imbalances in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that existing flywheel energy storage devices lack an effective real-time dynamic balance adjustment mechanism, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high stability and continuous operation.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: The present invention proposes a predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing, which includes a rotor body; a sensing module embedded in the end face of the rotor body; a control module connected to the sensing module to receive transmissions; an execution module arranged along the circumference of the rotor body and connected to the control module to be driven by it; and a safety mechanism located in an annular cavity opened inside the rotor body and connected to the rotor body to be driven by centrifugal force.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the sensing module includes a sensing network unit and a nano-deformation unit. The sensing network unit is embedded in the end face of the rotor body in a distributed layout, and the nano-deformation unit is embedded inside the rotor body with the axis as the symmetry reference and is integrally formed with the rotor body.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the sensing network unit includes strain sensors and temperature monitoring chains. The strain sensors are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotor body, and the temperature monitoring chains are distributed along the axis of the rotor body and cover the bearing area, middle section area and end area of ​​the rotor body.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the execution module includes a fine adjustment unit, a coarse adjustment unit and an emergency unit, which are arranged symmetrically along the circumference of the rotor body.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the control module includes a chip unit, the chip unit integrates a computing core and a computing unit, the computing core and the computing unit are arranged in parallel inside the chip unit and connected to the sensing module.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the nano-deformation unit includes a photonic crystal fiber network unit, which is embedded in the rotor body in a topological distribution and co-cured with the rotor body.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the safety mechanism includes a counterweight slider and a limiting spring. The counterweight slider is symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the rotor body inside the annular cavity, and the limiting spring is radially connected to the counterweight slider.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: a cavity is provided on the counterweight slider, a bracket is slidably provided on the cavity, the two ends of the bracket are connected to the counterweight slider through limiting springs, one end of the bracket is fixed to the inner wall of the annular cavity, and a positioning sleeve is provided on the outer side of the bracket. The positioning sleeve separates from the counterweight slider under the action of centrifugal force.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing of the present invention: the safety mechanism further includes a brake block and a locking block. The locking block is hinged to the inner wall of the annular cavity. The brake block has a locking groove that engages with the locking block. The annular cavity has an elastic element that applies elastic force to the locking block. When the counterweight slider slides to a preset position, it presses the locking block, and the locking block unlocks the brake block. A force-applying spring is sleeved on the outside of the brake block, and the brake block extends out and contacts the inner wall of the outer shell.

[0015] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention also provides the following technical solution: a predictive dynamic balancing system for flywheel energy storage devices based on photon sensing, comprising a predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage devices based on photon sensing, and, based on operating status data, analyzing the unbalanced state of the rotor body; predicting the unbalanced trend of the rotor body and determining a dynamic balancing adjustment strategy through a control module combined with sensing data; driving an execution module arranged along the circumference of the rotor body to dynamically adjust the balance state of the rotor body according to the adjustment strategy; and monitoring and driving a safety mechanism in real time based on the centrifugal force characteristics inside the rotor body to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The predictive dynamic balancing device and system for flywheel energy storage based on photonic sensing collects multi-dimensional data such as vibration, displacement, stress, and temperature of the rotor body in real time through the sensing module. It utilizes a photonic crystal fiber network unit to monitor microscopic deformation with high sensitivity, providing early warning information for dynamic imbalance. The control module analyzes the rotor body state through parallel computing and data fusion, predicts imbalance trends, and generates targeted adjustment strategies. The drive execution module performs graded counterweight compensation along the rotor body circumference, effectively correcting imbalances from small to large scale and maintaining system stability.

[0017] The safety mechanism uses centrifugal force to drive the counterweight slider to adaptively adjust the center of mass offset, and triggers the brake block to decelerate by friction with the inner wall of the outer shell in the event of extreme imbalance, so as to prevent the rotor from going out of control or colliding. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage system based on photon sensing is shown. Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the execution module of the predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the installation location of the safety mechanism of the predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing is shown. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the explosion of the safety mechanism of the predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing is shown. Figure 6 A diagram illustrating the motion of the counterweight slider in a predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing is shown. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the brake block of a predictive dynamic balancing device for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0020] The terminology used in this invention is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the function of the invention; however, these terms may vary according to the intent of those skilled in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on their meanings and the overall description of the invention.

[0021] Reference Figure 1-3 This embodiment provides a predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing, including a rotor body 1; a sensing module 2, which is embedded in the end face of the rotor body 1; a control module 3, which is connected to the sensing module 2 to receive transmissions; an execution module 4, which is arranged along the circumference of the rotor body 1 and connected to the control module 3 to be driven by it; and a safety mechanism 5, which is located in an annular cavity 11 opened inside the rotor body 1 and connected to the rotor body 1 to be driven by centrifugal force.

[0022] In this embodiment, when the flywheel energy storage device rotates at high speed, the rotor body 1 is prone to dynamic imbalance due to uneven material density, assembly deviation, or deformation during long-term operation, leading to increased vibration, bearing wear, and even collision accidents. Traditional static balancing and periodic shutdown adjustment methods cannot respond to dynamic imbalance in real time, resulting in problems such as response lag, operation interruption, and high maintenance costs, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high stability and continuous operation of flywheel energy storage systems.

[0023] Through the coordinated operation of sensing module 2, control module 3, execution module 4, and safety mechanism 5, real-time monitoring and proactive compensation for dynamic imbalance of rotor body 1 are achieved, maintaining system stability. Sensing module 2 is embedded in the end face of rotor body 1, collecting multi-dimensional data on the rotor body 1's operating status in real time, including vibration, stress, and deformation information. Control module 3 receives the data transmitted by sensing module 2, analyzes and predicts, and generates control commands for dynamic balance. Execution module 4 is arranged along the circumference of rotor body 1, adjusting the counterweight or applying vibration damping force according to the commands of control module 3 to compensate for imbalance in real time. Safety mechanism 5 is located in an annular cavity 11 inside rotor body 1, driven by centrifugal force, and responds quickly when sudden imbalance is detected to prevent excessive vibration.

[0024] Sensing module 2 is embedded in the end face of rotor body 1 and adopts photonic crystal fiber network unit technology, which is sensitive to micro-deformation based on the photonic bandgap effect. When rotor body 1 undergoes nanoscale deformation due to centrifugal force or thermal stress, the spacing of air holes in the fiber changes, causing the phase or wavelength of the optical signal to shift. Sensing module 2 captures these changes through high-precision demodulation technology and provides real-time data.

[0025] The control module 3 is connected to the sensing module 2. After receiving multi-dimensional data, it analyzes the state of the rotor body 1 through parallel computing and data fusion technology. The control module 3 not only processes vibration and stress data, but also combines microscopic deformation information to predict the trend of imbalance evolution and generate targeted control commands. For example, by analyzing vibration frequency and deformation trend, the control module 3 can determine the source of imbalance (such as material fatigue or thermal gradient) and provide a precise counterweight adjustment scheme for the execution module 4.

[0026] The actuator module 4 is symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the rotor body 1 and can achieve imbalance compensation of different magnitudes according to control commands. The actuator module 4 covers adjustment needs from small imbalances to large imbalances through piezoelectric or electromagnetic drive. The fast response capability of the actuator module 4 ensures that the imbalance is corrected in the early stage and avoids vibration accumulation.

[0027] Safety mechanism 5 is located in an annular cavity 11 inside the rotor body 1, and is driven by centrifugal force to provide an emergency counterweight. When the sensing module 2 detects that the vibration displacement exceeds the safety threshold, safety mechanism 5 is triggered in a very short time to quickly adjust the counterweight and prevent the rotor body 1 from becoming unstable or colliding.

[0028] refer to Figure 2-3In one embodiment provided in this application, the sensing module 2 includes a sensing network unit 21 and a nano-deformation unit 22. The sensing network unit 21 is embedded in the end face of the rotor body 1 in a distributed layout, and the nano-deformation unit 22 is embedded inside the rotor body 1 with the axis as the symmetry reference and is integrally formed with the rotor body 1. The sensing network unit 21 includes a strain sensor 211 and a temperature monitoring chain 212. The strain sensor 211 is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotor body 1, and the temperature monitoring chain 212 is distributed along the axis of the rotor body 1 and covers the bearing part, the middle section and the end area of ​​the rotor body 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, precise sensing of dynamic imbalance of rotor body 1 is achieved through real-time monitoring and multi-dimensional data acquisition. Sensing module 2 consists of a sensor network unit 21 and a nano-deformation unit 22, responsible for macroscopic vibration and temperature monitoring, and in-situ detection of microscopic deformation, respectively. The sensor network unit 21, embedded in the end face of rotor body 1 in a distributed layout, collects radial vibration displacement, axial sway, and temperature distribution data of rotor body 1 during high-speed rotation. Strain sensors 211 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of rotor body 1 to monitor the radial stress distribution gradient; the temperature monitoring chain 212 is distributed along the axis of rotor body 1, covering the bearing area, middle section, and end area, acquiring multi-point temperature data to reflect the thermal gradient changes during rotor body 1 operation. The nano-deformation unit 22, with the rotor body 1 axis as a symmetrical reference, is embedded inside rotor body 1 and integrally formed with rotor body 1, providing early warning data of imbalance by sensing microscopic deformation within the material. The multi-dimensional data from sensing module 2, through real-time acquisition and fusion, provides a basis for subsequent dynamic balance adjustment, thereby achieving advanced sensing and control of the imbalance state of rotor body 1.

[0030] The distributed layout of the sensor network unit 21 ensures comprehensive monitoring of the rotor body 1's condition. Strain sensors 211 are arranged at regular intervals (e.g., 20 mm) along the axial direction of the rotor body 1 to monitor radial stress changes under high-speed rotation, capturing stress concentrations caused by material inhomogeneity or fatigue. The temperature monitoring chain 212 employs a 5-point distributed deployment, covering the rotor body 1 from the bearing area to the mid-section stress concentration zone and then to the weak end area, with a monitoring range from -40℃ to 100℃, reflecting the temperature gradient caused by frictional heating or environmental changes. The nano-deformation unit 22 is embedded integrally with the rotor body 1, using photonic crystal fiber network units to form a three-dimensional intelligent sensor network, utilizing the photonic bandgap effect for high sensitivity to micro-deformation. When the rotor body 1 undergoes minute deformation due to centrifugal force or thermal stress, the spacing between air holes within the fiber changes at the nanometer level, causing a phase or wavelength shift in the optical signal. These changes are analyzed by a high-precision weak light detection and interferometry demodulation module, providing real-time data on the micro-deformation within the material.

[0031] As an optional embodiment, the execution module 4 includes a fine-tuning unit 41, a coarse-tuning unit 42, and an emergency unit 43, which are symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the rotor body 1. The control module 3 includes a chip unit that integrates a computing core and a computing unit, which are arranged in parallel inside the chip unit and connected to the sensing module 2. The nano-deformation unit 22 includes a photonic crystal fiber network unit, which is embedded inside the rotor body 1 in a topological distribution and co-cured with the rotor body 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the technical solution achieves dynamic balance adjustment of the flywheel energy storage device rotor body 1 under all operating conditions through the collaborative work of sensing module 2, control module 3 (built based on a high-performance FPGA chip), and execution module 4. The core of sensing module 2 is a nano-deformation unit 22, which adopts a photonic crystal fiber network unit and is embedded inside the rotor body 1 through a vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process, co-curing with the rotor body 1. The photonic crystal fiber network unit utilizes the periodically arranged air holes in its microstructure cladding to generate a photonic bandgap effect, making it highly sensitive to microscopic deformations of the rotor body 1 caused by centrifugal force, thermal stress, or material fatigue. When the rotor body 1 undergoes nanoscale deformation, the air hole spacing changes, leading to a change in the photonic bandgap characteristics, which in turn causes a shift in the phase and Bragg wavelength of the transmitted optical signal. These optical signals are captured and analyzed in real time by a high-precision weak light detection and interferometry demodulation module, generating precursor data reflecting the microscopic deformation of the material.

[0033] The output data of sensing module 2 is transmitted to control module 3. Control module 3 includes a chip unit, which integrates a computing core and a computing unit, arranged in parallel for efficient data processing. The computing core analyzes the vibration frequency using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), while the computing unit processes multi-source data, including micro-strain data from the nano-deformation unit 22 and the fusion results of other sensing data. The chip unit employs a multi-level data fusion mechanism: first, it performs time alignment of the multi-source data at the data layer; then, it extracts vibration spectrum, stress distribution, and deformation trend features at the feature layer; and finally, at the decision layer, it uses a deep learning model for joint inference to predict the evolution trend of rotor body 1's imbalance.

[0034] Based on the prediction results of control module 3, execution module 4 symmetrically arranges fine-tuning unit 41, coarse-tuning unit 42, and emergency unit 43 along the circumference of rotor body 1 to address imbalances of different magnitudes. Fine-tuning unit 41 employs a high-density tantalum alloy piezoelectric ceramic micro-actuator, achieving nanometer-level counterweight compensation through the inverse piezoelectric effect, while also possessing multi-degree-of-freedom vibration suppression capabilities, applying reverse forces for specific vibration modes. Coarse-tuning unit 42 is equipped with a tungsten alloy electromagnetically driven counterweight, rapidly compensating for medium to large imbalances through pulse width modulation control. Emergency unit 43 is equipped with an electromagnetic locking mechanism and a high-inertia backup counterweight, responding quickly when a sudden vibration risk is detected. All interfaces between execution units and rotor body 1 are coated with wear-resistant and heat-insulating materials to ensure reliability under high-temperature, high-speed, and strong electromagnetic interference environments.

[0035] During system operation, the nano-deformation unit 22 monitors the micro-deformation of the rotor body 1 in real time. The control module 3 predicts the imbalance trend based on the sensing data and drives the execution module 4 to perform graded responses. When the precursor of micro-deformation appears, the fine adjustment unit 41 initiates pre-compensation; when obvious imbalance occurs, the coarse adjustment unit 42 or the emergency unit 43 intervenes quickly, ultimately controlling the vibration displacement within a small range and maintaining the dynamic balance of the rotor body 1.

[0036] Specifically, the coarse adjustment unit 42 is equipped with four sets of 5-20g tungsten alloy electromagnetic drive counterweights, using pulse width modulation control to quickly compensate for medium to large-sized weight loss of >5g·mm; the emergency unit 43 adopts a fast response design, equipped with an electromagnetic locking mechanism and a 50g high inertia spare counterweight, which can trigger the emergency mechanism within 0.5ms when a sudden risk of vibration >0.3mm is detected or predicted.

[0037] refer to Figure 4-7 As an optional embodiment, the safety mechanism 5 includes a counterweight slider 51 and a limiting spring 52. The counterweight slider 51 is symmetrically distributed around the circumference of the rotor body 1 inside the annular cavity 11, and the limiting spring 52 is radially connected to the counterweight slider 51. A cavity 53 is formed on the counterweight slider 51, and a bracket 54 is slidably mounted on the cavity 53. Both ends of the bracket 54 are connected to the counterweight slider 51 through the limiting spring 52. One end of the bracket 54 is fixed to the inner wall of the annular cavity 11, and a positioning sleeve 55 is provided on the outer side of the bracket 54. The positioning sleeve 55 separates from the counterweight slider 51 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0038] In this embodiment, when the active electronic balancing system fails due to power outage, electronic failure, or instantaneous, large-scale material structure damage (such as local cracking) to the rotor body 1, the lack of a purely mechanical, passive adaptive balancing compensation mechanism may lead to the rotor body 1 becoming uncontrolled and unbalanced, resulting in a catastrophic accident such as disintegration or collision with the protective shell 59.

[0039] When the rotor body 1 rotates at high speed, if the center of mass slightly deviates due to microscopic changes in the material or thermal stress, periodic vibrations will occur. The counterweight slider 51 in the region opposite the unbalanced center of mass will experience increased centrifugal force, overcoming the elastic constraint force of the limiting spring 52. It will slowly move along the radial annular cavity 11 towards the outer edge of the rotor body 1. The movement of the counterweight slider 51 increases its torque on the center of mass of the rotor body 1, offsetting the imbalance and causing the center of mass to return to the axis of rotation. When the imbalance is improved, the centrifugal force and the elastic constraint force of the limiting spring 52 reach a new balance, the counterweight slider 51 stops moving, and stabilizes in a new radial position. Multiple sets of counterweight sliders 51 move independently, jointly achieving adaptive compensation for dynamic imbalance and suppressing the aggravation of vibration.

[0040] When the rotor body 1 is working, the centrifugal force generated will push the positioning sleeve 55 and the bracket 54 to move relative to each other, so that the positioning sleeve 55 and the counterweight slider 51 are separated, reducing the sliding friction of the counterweight slider 51. The positioning sleeve 55 and the bracket 54 are connected by a spring or elastic material. When the rotor body 1 stops rotating, the positioning sleeve 55 contacts the counterweight slider 51, increasing the friction and preventing the counterweight slider 51 from sliding randomly.

[0041] As an optional embodiment, the safety mechanism 5 also includes a brake block 56 and a locking block 57. The locking block 57 is hinged to the inner wall of the annular cavity 11. The brake block 56 has a locking groove that engages with the locking block 57. The annular cavity 11 is provided with an elastic element that applies elastic force to the locking block 57. When the counterweight slider 51 slides to a preset position, it presses the locking block 57, and the locking block 57 unlocks the brake block 56. A force-applying spring 58 is sleeved on the outside of the brake block 56, and the brake block 56 extends out and contacts the inner wall of the outer shell 59.

[0042] In this embodiment, when the rotor body 1 experiences a large-scale imbalance, its center of mass deviates from the rotation axis, generating a huge centrifugal force. The counterweight slider 51, located on the opposite side of the unbalanced center of mass, is subjected to an outward centrifugal force far exceeding the normal range. This centrifugal force overcomes the elastic force of the radial limiting spring 52, pushing the counterweight slider 51 to slide rapidly along the radial guide groove in the annular cavity 11 towards the outer edge of the rotor body 1. When the counterweight slider 51 moves to a preset limit position, its outer edge presses against the locking block 57. The locking block 57 is a component hinged to the inner wall of the annular cavity 11. After being pressed, it rotates around the hinge point, disengaging from the slot on the brake block 56, thus unlocking the brake block 56. A force-applying spring 58 is sleeved on the outer side of the brake block 56. After unlocking, the elastic force of the force-applying spring 58 drives the brake block 56 to rotate rapidly outward, causing its braking layer to extend and contact the inner wall of the external fixed protective shell 59 of the flywheel energy storage device. The braking layer of the brake block 56 rubs violently against the high-friction surface of the inner wall of the outer shell 59, converting the kinetic energy of the high-speed rotation of the rotor body 1 into heat energy dissipation, applying emergency braking torque, and slowing down the rotation speed of the rotor body 1.

[0043] The locking block 57 is fixed to the inner wall of the annular cavity 11 via a hinge shaft. The hinge design allows the locking block 57 to rotate under compression. An elastic element, a torsion spring or tension spring, is installed between the locking block 57 and the annular cavity 11 to maintain the locking state of the locking block 57 and the brake block 56, ensuring that the brake block 56 is locked when not triggered. The surface of the braking layer is covered with a high-friction material (such as carbon fiber composite material or ceramic coating) to enhance friction when in contact with the inner wall of the outer shell 59. The force spring 58 is a high-stiffness compression spring, sleeved on the outside of the brake block 56, providing a driving force for rapid extension. The inner wall of the outer shell 59 is made of high-strength steel or composite material, with a rough texture on the inner surface to increase the coefficient of friction and enhance the braking effect.

[0044] This embodiment provides a predictive dynamic balancing system for a flywheel energy storage device based on photon sensing. The system includes acquiring operating status data of the rotor body 1; collecting vibration and displacement parameters through a sensing module 2 embedded in the rotor body 1; analyzing the unbalanced state of the rotor body 1 based on the operating status data; predicting the unbalanced trend of the rotor body 1 and determining a dynamic balancing adjustment strategy through a control module 3 combined with the sensing data; driving an execution module 4 arranged along the circumference of the rotor body 1 to dynamically adjust the balance state of the rotor body 1 according to the adjustment strategy; and monitoring and driving a safety mechanism 5 in real time based on the centrifugal force characteristics inside the rotor body 1 to ensure system operational safety.

[0045] In this embodiment, the system first collects operational status data, including vibration and displacement parameters, through a sensing module 2 embedded in the rotor body 1. The sensing module 2 employs photonic sensing technology, utilizing a photonic crystal fiber network unit (PSBN) nano-deformation unit 22 to highly sensitively monitor the microscopic deformation of the rotor body 1. When the rotor body 1 undergoes minute deformation due to centrifugal force or thermal stress, the spacing between air holes within the fiber changes, causing a phase or wavelength shift in the optical signal. These changes are captured and converted into vibration and displacement data using high-precision demodulation technology. The sensing module 2 also includes a strain sensor 211 and a temperature monitoring chain 212, which respectively monitor the radial stress distribution and temperature changes of the rotor body 1, providing multidimensional operational status data.

[0046] Based on the collected operational status data, control module 3 analyzes the imbalance state of rotor body 1. Control module 3 receives vibration, displacement, and temperature data transmitted from sensing module 2 and processes them in parallel through the chip unit. The computation core performs rapid analysis of the vibration frequency, and the computation unit integrates multi-source data to extract vibration spectrum, stress distribution, and deformation trend characteristics, predicting imbalance trends through a data analysis model. Based on the prediction results, control module 3 determines a dynamic balance adjustment strategy, such as identifying the source of imbalance (e.g., material fatigue or thermal gradient) by analyzing vibration frequency and deformation trends, and generating targeted adjustment commands.

[0047] According to the adjustment strategy, control module 3 drives execution module 4, which is arranged around the circumference of rotor body 1, to dynamically adjust the balance state of rotor body 1. Execution module 4 includes a fine-tuning unit 41, a coarse-tuning unit 42, and an emergency unit 43, which respectively address imbalances of different magnitudes. Fine-tuning unit 41 achieves minute counterweight adjustments via piezoelectric drive, coarse-tuning unit 42 quickly compensates for larger imbalances via electromagnetic drive, and emergency unit 43 responds rapidly in the event of sudden vibration risks. Execution module 4 adjusts the counterweight position or applies vibration damping force according to the instructions of control module 3, correcting the imbalance state of rotor body 1 in real time and preventing vibration accumulation.

[0048] Based on the centrifugal force characteristics inside the rotor body 1, the safety mechanism 5 monitors and activates the emergency mechanism in real time to ensure the safe operation of the system. The safety mechanism 5 includes a counterweight slider 51 and a limiting spring 52. The counterweight slider 51 is symmetrically distributed around the circumference of the rotor body 1 within the annular cavity 11, and the limiting spring 52 is radially connected to the counterweight slider 51. When the rotor body 1 becomes unbalanced, the counterweight slider 51, subjected to centrifugal force, overcomes the elastic constraint force of the limiting spring 52 and moves radially, increasing the torque on the center of mass of the rotor body 1 and counteracting the imbalance. In extreme cases, the counterweight slider 51 moves to a preset position, triggering the braking component of the safety mechanism 5. The braking block 56 extends and contacts the inner wall of the outer casing 59, dissipating the kinetic energy of the rotor body 1 through friction, reducing the rotational speed, and ensuring system safety.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing, characterized in that: include, Rotor body (1); Sensing module (2), which is embedded in the end face of rotor body (1); Control module (3), which is connected to sensing module (2) to receive transmitted data; An execution module (4) is arranged around the circumference of the rotor body (1) and connected to and driven by the control module (3); and Safety mechanism (5), which is located in an annular cavity (11) inside the rotor body (1) and connected to the rotor body (1) to be driven by centrifugal force.

2. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing module (2) includes a sensing network unit (21) and a nano-deformation unit (22). The sensing network unit (21) is embedded in the end face of the rotor body (1) in a distributed layout, and the nano-deformation unit (22) is embedded inside the rotor body (1) with the axis of the rotor body (1) as the symmetrical reference.

3. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensing network unit (21) includes strain sensors (211) and temperature monitoring chains (212). The strain sensors (211) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotor body (1), and the temperature monitoring chains (212) are distributed along the axis of the rotor body (1).

4. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The execution module (4) includes a fine adjustment unit (41), a coarse adjustment unit (42) and an emergency unit (43), which are arranged symmetrically around the rotor body (1).

5. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control module (3) includes a chip unit, which integrates a computing core and a computing unit. The computing core and the computing unit are arranged in parallel inside the chip unit and connected to the sensing module (2).

6. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nano-deformation unit (22) includes a photonic crystal fiber network unit, which is embedded inside the rotor body (1) and co-cured with the rotor body (1).

7. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The safety mechanism (5) includes a counterweight slider (51) and a limiting spring (52). The counterweight slider (51) is symmetrically distributed around the circumference of the rotor body (1) inside the annular cavity (11). The limiting spring (52) is radially connected to the counterweight slider (51).

8. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The counterweight slider (51) has a cavity (53) and a bracket (54) is slidably mounted on the cavity (53). The two ends of the bracket (54) are connected to the counterweight slider (51) by limiting springs (52). One end of the bracket (54) is fixed to the inner wall of the annular cavity (11). A positioning sleeve (55) is provided on the outside of the bracket (54). The positioning sleeve (55) separates from the counterweight slider (51) under the action of centrifugal force.

9. The predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The safety mechanism (5) further includes a brake block (56) and a locking block (57). The locking block (57) is hinged to the inner wall of the annular cavity (11). The brake block (56) has a locking groove for engaging with the locking block (57). The annular cavity (11) has an elastic element that applies elastic force to the locking block (57). The counterweight slider (51) slides to a preset position to squeeze the locking block (57). When the locking block (57) unlocks the brake block (56), a force-applying spring (58) is sleeved on the outside of the brake block (56). Under the action of the force-applying spring (58), the brake block (56) extends out and contacts the inner wall of the outer shell (59).

10. A predictive dynamic balancing system for flywheel energy storage devices based on photon sensing, characterized in that: Including the predictive dynamic balancing device for flywheel energy storage based on photon sensing as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and, Obtain the operating status data of the rotor body (1) and collect vibration and displacement parameters through the sensing module (2) embedded in the rotor body (1); Based on the aforementioned operating status data, the unbalanced state of the rotor body (1) is analyzed; By combining the control module (3) with the sensing data, the unbalance trend of the rotor body (1) is predicted, and the dynamic balance adjustment strategy is determined. According to the adjustment strategy, the execution module (4) arranged around the circumference of the rotor body (1) is driven to dynamically adjust the balance state of the rotor body (1); Based on the centrifugal force characteristics inside the rotor body (1), the safety mechanism (5) is monitored and driven in real time.

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