High and steep slope light assembly type bridge abutment structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a high and steep slope light assembly type bridge abutment structure which is deployed in a high and steep slope area and comprises a front wall, a rear wall and a longitudinal connecting beam. The front wall is located at the low position of the high-steep slope, and the rear wall is located at the high position of the high-steep slope. The longitudinal connecting beam is supported on the top of the front wall and the top of the rear wall and is horizontally arranged, and the front wall, the rear wall and the longitudinal connecting beam jointly form a door-shaped bridge abutment structure; the front wall is close to the span side of the bridge, and a sinking platform for supporting the beam end is arranged on the front side of the top. The whole bridge abutment foundation is divided into the front foundation and the rear foundation which are independent, and the stepped arrangement that the rear foundation is higher than the front foundation is utilized, so that the bridge abutment structure can be better attached to an original steep slope, and large-scale squaring for a huge whole foundation platform is not needed; due to the fact that the construction amount of brushing is greatly reduced, the height and the area of the formed excavation slope are correspondingly and remarkably reduced, and therefore complex and expensive slope supporting engineering is simplified and even eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, specifically to a lightweight prefabricated bridge abutment structure for steep slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge abutments are crucial substructures connecting embankments and bridge superstructures. Their primary function is to bear the loads transmitted from the superstructure to the foundation, while also resisting the pressure of the embankment fill, ensuring the stability of the bridge approach. Currently, in bridge construction spanning valleys, traditional abutment forms such as T-shaped and rectangular abutments are the most widely used. These abutments typically employ a single, integrated foundation, balancing the weight of the backfill soil to ensure stability.

[0003] However, when bridges are located in steep V-shaped valleys or steep slopes with large cross slopes, traditional bridge abutment structures reveal many insurmountable disadvantages:

[0004] 1. Massive excavation and shoveling work severely damages the original terrain: To construct integral bridge abutments and provide sufficient load-bearing capacity and anti-slip stability, large-scale excavation and shoveling of the natural steep slopes at the abutment location are usually required to create a sufficiently wide and flat foundation platform. This large-scale excavation not only generates a huge amount of earthwork, significantly increasing project costs and construction time, but more importantly, it severely damages the original natural slope morphology and vegetation, causing soil erosion and ecological damage.

[0005] 2. High slope protection engineering is complex and carries high safety risks: After large-scale excavation, high and steep artificially excavated slopes are often formed behind and to the sides of the bridge abutments. To ensure the long-term stability of these slopes and prevent collapse or landslides from endangering the safety of the bridge abutments, massive slope protection structures must be added, such as high retaining walls, large-area anchored frame beams, or anti-slide piles. This further increases the complexity, cost, and safety risks of the project.

[0006] 3. The large amount of backfill behind the abutment can easily lead to settlement and damage: Traditional bridge abutments require a large amount of embankment backfill to connect the bridge and the roadbed. In steep terrain, this backfill is often located on steep slopes and is often difficult to compact, which can easily lead to uneven settlement and may cause the abutment to rotate or shift horizontally.

[0007] 4. The bridge abutment requires a large volume of concrete, resulting in poor economic efficiency and a long construction time.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to modify and optimize the traditional bridge abutment structure to overcome the above-mentioned defects, especially for steep slopes in mountainous and hilly areas. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight prefabricated bridge abutment structure for steep slopes, so as to solve the problems of large amount of shovel, difficult support, and high fill in existing bridge abutment structures under steep slope terrain conditions.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A lightweight prefabricated bridge abutment structure for steep slopes is provided. The structure is deployed in a steep slope area and includes a front wall, a rear wall, and longitudinal connecting beams.

[0012] The front wall is located at the lower part of the steep slope, and the rear wall is located at the higher part of the steep slope.

[0013] The longitudinal connecting beam is supported on the top of the front wall and the rear wall and is arranged horizontally. The front wall, the rear wall and the longitudinal connecting beam together form a portal abutment structure.

[0014] The front wall is located near the bridge span side, and a sunken platform is provided on the top front side to support the beam end.

[0015] Furthermore, a front wall foundation is provided at the bottom of the front wall, and the bottom of the front wall and the top of the front wall foundation are fixedly connected by a grouting sleeve.

[0016] Furthermore, a rear wall foundation is provided at the bottom of the rear wall, and the bottom of the rear wall and the top of the rear wall foundation are fixedly connected by a grouting sleeve and a concrete tenon shear key.

[0017] Furthermore, the end of the longitudinal connecting beam located at the high position of the steep slope is fixedly connected to the top of the rear wall through a grouting sleeve and a concrete tenon shear key.

[0018] Furthermore, the end of the longitudinal connecting beam located at the lower position of the steep slope is supported on the longitudinal sliding device set at the top of the rear side of the front wall.

[0019] Alternatively, the end of the longitudinal connecting beam located at the lower part of the steep slope is fixedly connected to the top of the front wall via a concrete tenon shear key.

[0020] Furthermore, a top cap is provided on the sunken platform on the front side of the front wall, and a support pad for supporting the beam end is provided on the top cap.

[0021] Furthermore, both the bottom surface of the upper precast component and the top surface of the lower precast component are provided with mortises, the two mortises facing each other and then filled with concrete.

[0022] Furthermore, the lower precast component is provided with a grouting hole, the inlet of which is located on the side of the lower precast component, and the outlet of which is connected to the mortise of the lower precast component.

[0023] Furthermore, the upper precast component is provided with a grout outlet, the outlet of which is located on the side of the upper precast component, and the inlet of which is connected to the mortise of the upper precast component.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention provides a lightweight prefabricated bridge abutment structure for steep slopes. By decomposing the overall abutment foundation into two independent foundations, front and rear, and utilizing a stepped arrangement where the rear foundation is higher than the front foundation, the abutment structure can better conform to the original steep slope, eliminating the need for large-scale excavation for a massive overall foundation platform. Furthermore, due to the significant reduction in excavation work, the height and area of ​​the resulting excavated slope are correspondingly reduced, simplifying or even eliminating complex and expensive slope protection engineering, saving costs and reducing potential safety risks. Simultaneously, the rear foundation is situated at a higher position, greatly reducing the amount of earthwork required behind the abutment. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is an elevation view of a lightweight prefabricated bridge abutment structure for steep slopes provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a concrete tenon-shear key provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The diagram is labeled as follows:

[0030] 1-Front wall, 2-Front wall foundation, 3-Rear wall, 4-Rear wall foundation, 5-Longitudinal connecting beam, 6-Top cap, 7-Support pad stone, 8-Longitudinal sliding device, 9-Grouting sleeve, 10-Concrete tenon shear key;

[0031] 101-Upper precast component, 102-Lower precast component, 103-Grouting hole, 104-Mouth, 105-Grouting outlet hole. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "setting," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or setting, a detachable connection or setting, or an integral connection or setting. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Of course, such terms can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0036] In a specific implementation, Figure 1 The direction from left to right is defined as longitudinal, the direction perpendicular to it is defined as transverse, and the height direction of the front and back walls is defined as vertical.

[0037] To adapt to steep slopes in mountainous and hilly areas with large elevation differences, this invention provides a lightweight prefabricated bridge abutment structure for steep slopes. The entire structure is arranged in a stepped manner in the longitudinal direction of the bridge and is shaped like a portal frame, connecting longitudinally with the bridge. This can significantly reduce the amount of excavation work and reduce environmental damage.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 1The structure, deployed in a steep slope area, includes a front wall 1, a rear wall 3, and a longitudinal connecting beam 5. The front wall 1, located at the lower part of the steep slope, supports the bridge superstructure and primarily bears the vertical loads transmitted from the superstructure (such as beams and slabs). The rear wall 3, located at the higher part of the steep slope, resists the embankment fill behind it. The bottom elevation of the rear wall 3 can be significantly higher than the bottom elevation of the front wall 1, resulting in a stepped arrangement of the entire abutment structure in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal connecting beam 5 is supported on top of the front wall 1 and the rear wall 3 and is arranged horizontally. The front wall 1, rear wall 3, and longitudinal connecting beam 5 together form a portal abutment structure, longitudinally transitioning from the bridge to the slope.

[0039] The front wall 1, rear wall 3, and longitudinal connecting beam 5 are all prefabricated structures, which are hoisted and assembled on site. On site, the top of the front wall 1 may not even be at the same height as the top of the rear wall 3. When designing the prefabricated structure of the longitudinal connecting beam 5, different thickened areas can be set at the bottom of its front and rear ends to accommodate the elevation difference between the tops of the front wall 1 and the rear wall 3.

[0040] The front wall 1, located near the bridge span, has a sunken platform at its top front side for supporting the beam ends. Specifically, a top cap 6 is installed on the sunken platform, and a bearing pad 7 for supporting the beam ends is installed on the top cap 6. The longitudinal connecting beam 5 is supported at a higher position at the rear top of the front wall 1.

[0041] A front wall foundation 2 is installed at the bottom of the front wall 1, embedded in the lower part of the slope after slight excavation and leveling. The bottom of the front wall 1 and the top of the front wall foundation 2 are fixedly connected by a grouting sleeve 9. The front wall foundation 2 is a cast-in-place structure, with the grouting sleeve 9 pre-embedded in its top. The bottom of the front wall 1 has pre-drilled insertion holes, into which the grouting sleeve 9 is inserted upwards. Two channels are reserved on the grouting sleeve 9, one for injecting high-strength grout and the other for venting and confirming full grouting.

[0042] When the volume of concrete in the front wall 1 is large, it can be precast in sections, and grouting sleeves 9 can be used to connect the joints.

[0043] A rear wall foundation 4 is also provided at the bottom of the rear wall 3, directly situated on a location with a higher original slope and no large-scale excavation. The rear wall foundation 4 and the front wall foundation 2 are separate, independent foundations, arranged separately in the longitudinal direction. The bottom elevation of the rear wall foundation 4 is significantly higher than that of the front wall foundation 2, forming a stepped elevation difference to reduce excavation. The bottom of the rear wall 3 and the top of the rear wall foundation 4 are fixedly connected by a grouting sleeve 9. The rear wall foundation 4 is also a cast-in-place structure, with a grouting sleeve 9 pre-embedded in its top. The bottom of the rear wall 3 has pre-drilled insertion holes, into which the grouting sleeve 9 is inserted upwards. Similarly, the grouting sleeve 9 also has two pre-drilled channels, one for injecting high-strength grout and the other for venting and confirming full grouting.

[0044] When the volume of concrete in the rear wall 2 is large, segmented prefabrication can be adopted, and grouting sleeves 9 can be used to connect the joints.

[0045] Depending on the bearing capacity of the foundation, the site topography and geological conditions, the front wall foundation 2 and the rear wall foundation 4 can adopt different forms such as spread foundation or pile foundation. The design elevation is mainly determined by the bearing capacity of the foundation and the stability requirements of the front wall 1 or the rear wall 3.

[0046] In addition, the rear wall 3 is subjected to earth pressure from the roadbed fill, resulting in large bending moments and shear forces. The bottom of the rear wall 3 is also fixedly connected to the top of the rear wall foundation 4 by concrete tenon shear keys 10. At the same time, the end of the longitudinal connecting beam 5 located at the high position of the steep slope is also fixedly connected to the top of the rear wall 3 by grouting sleeves 9 and concrete tenon shear keys 10.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The concrete tenon shear key 10 is designed to reliably transmit shear force and includes an upper precast component 101 and a lower precast component 102. Both the bottom surface of the upper precast component 101 and the top surface of the lower precast component 102 are provided with mortises 104. The bottom of the mortises 104 has a certain slope to facilitate the compaction of concrete. The upper and lower mortises 104 are aligned and filled with concrete. When the bottom of the rear wall 3 is connected to the top of the rear wall foundation 4, the upper precast component 101 becomes the rear wall 3, and the lower precast component 102 becomes the rear wall foundation 4. When the longitudinal connecting beam 5 is connected to the top of the rear wall 3 at one end located at the high position of the steep slope, the upper precast component 101 becomes the longitudinal connecting beam 5, and the lower precast component 102 becomes the rear wall 3. The lower precast component 102 is provided with a grouting hole 103. The inlet of the grouting hole 103 is located on the side of the lower precast component 102, and the outlet of the grouting hole 103 is connected to the mortise 104 of the lower precast component 102. The upper precast component 101 is provided with a grout outlet hole 105. The outlet of the grout outlet hole 105 is located on the side of the upper precast component 101, and the inlet of the grout outlet hole 105 is connected to the mortise 104 of the upper precast component 101. Grout enters the mortise 104 of the lower precast component 102 and the upper precast component 101 through the grouting hole 103, and then overflows from the grout outlet hole 105. During assembly construction, grout is injected into the mortise 104 through the grouting hole 103, so that the concrete fills the mortise 104, and after the concrete hardens, a concrete tenon-shear key is formed.

[0048] The longitudinal connecting beam 5, located at the lower end of the steep slope, is supported by a longitudinal sliding device 8 installed at the top rear side of the front wall 1. It should be noted that the longitudinal sliding device 8 can be any existing mature equipment; this invention does not make structural modifications to it, therefore its structure is not described in detail. Any structure that can achieve vertical support and restrict unidirectional sliding of the upper and lower components can be used in the implementation of this invention. In other embodiments, the end of the longitudinal connecting beam 5 located at the lower end of the steep slope can also be fixedly connected to the top of the front wall 1 via the aforementioned concrete tenon shear key 10 to share some of the soil pressure on the front wall 1.

[0049] The novel bridge abutment structure of this invention is suitable for steep slopes in mountainous and hilly areas. Through a modular assembly and stepped design, it fundamentally solves the problems faced by traditional bridge abutments in applications on steep slopes, and has the following technical advantages:

[0050] 1. Significantly reduces the amount of waste generated, protecting the ecological environment:

[0051] By dividing the overall bridge abutment foundation into two independent foundations, front and rear, and utilizing a stepped arrangement where the rear foundation is higher than the front foundation, the abutment structure can better conform to the original steep slope, eliminating the need for large-scale excavation for a single massive foundation platform. This maximizes the preservation of the original topography and vegetation, significantly reducing the project's disturbance to the natural environment and aligning with the principles of green construction.

[0052] 2. Reduce the difficulty and cost of slope protection:

[0053] Because the amount of excavation work is greatly reduced, the height and area of ​​the resulting excavated slopes are also significantly reduced, thus simplifying or even eliminating complex and expensive slope protection work, saving costs and reducing potential safety risks.

[0054] 3. Reduce backfill behind the abutment to improve overall structural stability:

[0055] The rear foundation is situated at a higher elevation, significantly reducing the amount of earthwork required to fill behind the abutment. This directly reduces the earth pressure on the rear foundation, minimizing the risk of uneven settlement, slippage, or rotation of the abutment, fundamentally alleviating the "bridge approach slab" problem, and improving driving comfort and long-term structural safety.

[0056] 4. Strong structural adaptability and good economic efficiency:

[0057] This flexible structure can adapt well to various complex steep slopes. By adjusting the height difference and spacing of the front and rear foundations, its stress performance in specific engineering projects can be optimized. Overall, this invention brings significant economic benefits by reducing earthwork, support, and filling work.

[0058] 5. Lightweight assembly, rapid construction:

[0059] Major components such as the front wall, rear wall, and longitudinal connecting beams can all be prefabricated in the factory and assembled on-site like "building blocks." The upper longitudinal connecting beams are prefabricated and erected, connected to the front wall by supports for quick installation; they are connected to the rear wall by grouting sleeves for rapid consolidation. This greatly reduces on-site work, shortens the construction period, and reduces pollution to the construction site.

[0060] 6. Reduce internal forces caused by temperature:

[0061] Traditional rigid structures generate significant secondary internal forces under temperature loads. This structure releases some of these secondary internal forces by incorporating a longitudinal sliding device.

[0062] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.

Claims

1. A light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope, characterized in that: the structure is arranged in a high and steep slope area, comprising a front wall (1), a back wall (3) and a longitudinal connecting beam (5); the front wall (1) is located at the low position of the high and steep slope, and the back wall (3) is located at the high position of the high and steep slope; the longitudinal connecting beam (5) is supported on the top of the front wall (1) and the back wall (3) and is arranged horizontally, and the front wall (1), the back wall (3) and the longitudinal connecting beam (5) together form a gate-shaped abutment structure; the front wall (1) is close to one side of the bridge span, and a sunken platform for supporting the beam end is arranged on the top front side of the front wall (1).

2. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the front wall (1) is provided with a front wall foundation (2), and the bottom of the front wall (1) and the top of the front wall foundation (2) are fixedly connected through a grouting sleeve (9).

3. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom of the back wall (3) is provided with a back wall foundation (4), and the bottom of the back wall (3) and the top of the back wall foundation (4) are fixedly connected through a grouting sleeve (9) and a concrete tenon shear key (10).

4. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: one end of the longitudinal connecting beam (5) located at the high position of the high and steep slope is fixedly connected with the top of the back wall (3) through a grouting sleeve (9) and a concrete tenon shear key (10).

5. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 4, characterized in that: one end of the longitudinal connecting beam (5) located at the low position of the high and steep slope is supported on the longitudinal sliding device (8) arranged on the top of the back side of the front wall (1).

6. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 4, characterized in that: one end of the longitudinal connecting beam (5) located at the low position of the high and steep slope is fixedly connected with the top of the front wall (1) through a concrete tenon shear key (10).

7. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: a top hat (6) is arranged on the sunken platform of the front side of the front wall (1), and a support cushion stone (7) for supporting the beam end is arranged on the top hat (6).

8. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 7, characterized in that: the concrete tenon shear key (10) comprises an upper prefabricated component (101) and a lower prefabricated component (102), the bottom surface of the upper prefabricated component (101) and the top surface of the lower prefabricated component (102) are both provided with a mortise (104), the two mortises (104) are opposite and filled with concrete.

9. The light prefabricated abutment structure for high and steep slope according to claim 8, characterized in that: a grouting hole (103) is arranged in the lower prefabricated component (102), the inlet of the grouting hole (103) is located on the side surface of the lower prefabricated component (102), and the outlet of the grouting hole (103) is connected to the mortise (104) of the lower prefabricated component (102). ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10. The high-steep-slope light-weight fabricated bridge abutment structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper prefabricated component (101) is provided with a grout outlet hole (105), the outlet of the grout outlet hole (105) is located on the side of the upper prefabricated component (101), and the inlet of the grout outlet hole (105) accesses the mortise (104) of the upper prefabricated component (101).

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