Sensor, electronic equipment and detection method
By integrating piezoelectric and piezoresistive components into the sensor, time-division control of dynamic and static pressure is achieved, solving the problems of cumbersome operation and accidental touches in existing mice, and improving office efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing office mice suffer from several drawbacks when accessing shortcut tools: the burden of memorizing shortcut keys is heavy, multiple button combinations are prone to accidental presses, operation steps are cumbersome, and time-consuming, which affects the continuity of work and the efficiency of office workers.
It adopts a time-sharing control method using piezoelectric and piezoresistive components, integrated into the sensor. The piezoelectric component detects dynamic and static pressure and activates at different times to achieve time-sharing control of functions such as fingerprint recognition, fast swiping, tapping, slow swiping, and pressing.
It improves the efficiency of human-computer interaction, simplifies operation steps, reduces the possibility of accidental touches, and improves the utilization efficiency of electronic devices.
Smart Images
Figure CN121680658A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of touch technology, and more particularly to a sensor, electronic device, and detection method. Background Technology
[0002] Existing office mice require keyboard shortcuts, multiple mouse button combinations (such as using the side button and left button to switch applications, or pressing the scroll wheel to trigger shortcuts), or searching through the right-click menu or desktop icons to select the corresponding software or tool. This not only results in a heavy burden of remembering shortcuts and the risk of accidental presses due to multiple button combinations, but also involves cumbersome and time-consuming operations that can disrupt the workflow of office workers and affect work efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This application provides a sensor, an electronic device, and a detection method, which are beneficial for providing more efficient human-computer interaction methods and improving the utilization efficiency of electronic devices.
[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a sensor. The sensor includes a piezoelectric component and a piezoresistive component, which are stacked along a first direction, with the piezoelectric component closer to the sensor's working surface than the piezoresistive component. The piezoelectric component includes a first electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a second electrode layer stacked sequentially, with the second electrode layer located between the piezoelectric material layer and the piezoresistive component. The piezoelectric component is used to detect dynamic pressure in a first time period and to emit and receive reflected ultrasonic waves in a second time period, the dynamic pressure including rapid sliding and tapping. The piezoresistive component is used to detect static pressure in a third time period, the static pressure including slow sliding and pressing.
[0005] In this embodiment, fingerprint detection, dynamic pressure detection, and static pressure detection are activated in the second, first, and third time periods, respectively, when different conditions are met. This control method can be called time-sharing control. It is understood that the first, second, and third time periods mentioned in this embodiment are merely distinctions between different time periods and do not represent the order of the time periods.
[0006] In this embodiment, by integrating a piezoelectric component with fingerprint recognition and dynamic pressure detection functions and a piezoresistive component with static pressure detection functions into a single sensor, the electronic device equipped with this sensor can not only have fingerprint recognition functions, but also detect dynamic and static pressure through time-division control, and corresponding to different functions (such as fast sliding, tapping, slow sliding, and different degrees of pressing can trigger corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the utilization efficiency of electronic devices.
[0007] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first electrode layer includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion, the first insulating portion intersects with the second insulating portion and separates at least a first electrode region, a second electrode region, a third electrode region and a fourth electrode region in the first electrode layer; and / or, the second electrode layer includes a third insulating portion and a fourth insulating portion, the third insulating portion and the fourth insulating portion intersect and separate at least a fifth electrode region, a sixth electrode region, a seventh electrode region and an eighth electrode region in the second electrode layer.
[0008] In this implementation, four electrically isolated electrode regions arranged in a crisscross pattern (vertical, horizontal, and vertical) are formed on the first and / or second electrode layers. The pressure application point can act on different electrode regions of the first electrode layer along the sliding direction. For example, when a finger slides to the right along the third direction, it may first contact the upper left first electrode region, then the upper right second electrode region, causing the charge signal in the first electrode region to rise and then fall, while the charge signal in the second electrode region rises later. Similarly, when a finger slides downwards along the second direction, it may first contact the upper left first electrode region, then the lower left third electrode region, causing the charge signal in the first electrode region to rise and then fall, while the charge signal in the third electrode region rises later. The system can use an algorithm to capture the phase difference between the signal trigger timing and amplitude change curves of the four electrode regions to deduce the sliding direction. When a user's finger taps rapidly on the side of the electronic device, the pressure application point acts on one of the electrode regions of the first and / or second electrode layers, with the pressure direction along the first direction, and the charge signal detected in that electrode region rises and falls rapidly. Therefore, piezoelectric components can be used to detect dynamic pressure in a first, second, and third direction, achieving three-dimensional force detection. Specifically, the second and third directions are perpendicular to the first direction, and the second and third directions are mutually perpendicular.
[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, wherein the first electrodes are sequentially spaced along a second direction, each first electrode extending along a third direction, and the second electrodes are sequentially spaced along the third direction, each second electrode extending along the second direction; the first electrodes and second electrodes are insulated from each other, and the first electrodes and second electrodes have different piezoelectric voltage constants; and / or, the second electrode layer includes a plurality of third electrodes and a plurality of fourth electrodes, wherein the plurality of third electrodes are sequentially spaced along the second direction, each third electrode extending along a third direction, and the plurality of fourth electrodes are sequentially spaced along the third direction, each fourth electrode extending along the second direction; the third electrodes and fourth electrodes are insulated from each other, and the third electrodes and fourth electrodes have different piezoelectric voltage constants. Wherein, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to the first direction, and the second direction and the third direction are mutually perpendicular.
[0010] In this implementation, the arrangement of the first and second electrodes results in a roughly cross-shaped grid pattern for the first electrode layer, which can be referred to as a cross-grid electrode layer. When the piezoelectric component is subjected to a force in a third direction, the resistance of the first electrode changes significantly, while the resistance of the second electrode changes very little, thus identifying dynamic pressure in the third direction. When the piezoelectric component is subjected to a force in a second direction, the resistance of the second electrode changes significantly, while the resistance of the first electrode changes very little, thus identifying dynamic pressure in the second direction. When the pressure layer is subjected to a force in the first direction, the resistances of both the first and second electrodes change, but due to their material properties, the ratio of the resistance changes of the first and second electrodes remains constant, thereby identifying dynamic pressure in the first direction. Therefore, the piezoelectric component can be used to detect dynamic pressure in the first, second, and third directions, achieving three-dimensional force detection.
[0011] In this implementation, the arrangement of the third and fourth electrodes makes the second electrode layer roughly form a cross-shaped grid, which can be called a cross-shaped grid electrode layer. When the piezoelectric component is subjected to a third-direction force, the resistance of the third electrode changes significantly, while the resistance of the fourth electrode changes very little, thus identifying dynamic pressure in the third direction. Similarly, when the piezoelectric component is subjected to a third-direction force, the resistance of the fourth electrode changes significantly, while the resistance of the third electrode changes very little, thus identifying dynamic pressure in the second direction. When the pressure layer is subjected to a first-direction force, the resistances of both the third and fourth electrodes change, but due to their material properties, the ratio of the resistance changes of the third and fourth electrodes remains constant, thus identifying dynamic pressure in the first direction. Therefore, the piezoelectric component can be used to detect dynamic pressure in the first, second, and third directions, achieving three-dimensional force detection.
[0012] In this implementation, by designing the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer as a cross-shaped grid electrode layer, the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer can receive ultrasonic signals from different points, so that the first electrode layer and / or the second electrode layer can accurately detect fingerprint signals without matrix partitioning or setting up a TFT array.
[0013] In one implementation of the first aspect, the piezoresistive component includes a dielectric layer and a piezoresistive functional layer, with the dielectric layer located between the piezoelectric component and the piezoresistive functional layer; the piezoresistive functional layer includes a circuit board and a Wheatstone bridge disposed on the circuit board.
[0014] In this implementation, the dielectric layer can be used for signal isolation between the piezoelectric component and the piezoresistive functional layer, avoiding cross-interference between their signals. It can also be used to transfer stress to improve the sensitivity of the piezoresistive component. The piezoresistive functional layer can detect pressure signals using the bridge imbalance of a Wheatstone bridge. In one implementation of the first aspect, the piezoelectric material layer includes a plurality of first micro-protrusions arranged in an array on the side facing the dielectric layer, and a second electrode layer is attached to the piezoelectric material layer. The dielectric layer includes a plurality of second micro-protrusions arranged in an array on the side facing the piezoelectric material layer. The first and second micro-protrusions interlock with each other.
[0015] In this implementation, by designing an array of micro-protrusions on the piezoelectric material layer and the dielectric layer, the contact area between the piezoelectric material layer and the dielectric layer can be reduced. According to the pressure formula: pressure P = force F / area S, when the pressure is constant, a smaller contact area allows for the detection of minute pressure changes, which is beneficial for the sensor to have higher detection sensitivity.
[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device. The electronic device includes a main body, a controller, and any one of the aforementioned sensors, wherein the sensor and the controller are located in the main body, and the controller is electrically connected to the sensor. In this embodiment, the controller is used to control the sensor to emit ultrasonic waves and can also be used to receive and process signals from the sensor. An electronic device equipped with any of the above-mentioned sensors can have fingerprint recognition functionality and can detect dynamic and static pressure through time-sharing control, corresponding to different functions (e.g., rapid swiping, tapping, slow swiping, and different degrees of pressing can trigger corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the efficiency of electronic device use.
[0017] In one implementation of the second aspect, there are multiple sensors arranged on both sides of the main body.
[0018] In this implementation, by placing multiple sensors on both sides of the main body, it is beneficial to achieve the function of pressing the entire area on both sides of the electronic device. "Pressing the entire area" means that when the user presses any position on either side, at least 2-3 sensors can capture the pressure signal, avoiding the limitation of "only the button area can be pressed". In addition, multiple sensors help to enhance the signal amplitude and improve the detection sensitivity.
[0019] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a detection method applied to the electronic device provided in the second aspect. The detection method includes: when a controller detects through a sensor that a user is holding the electronic device, the controller controls a piezoelectric component to emit ultrasonic waves and complete ultrasonic fingerprint recognition; when a user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls the piezoelectric component to detect the dynamic pressure; and when a user applies static pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls a piezoresistive component to detect the static pressure.
[0020] In this embodiment of the application, the above detection method enables the electronic device equipped with the sensor to have both fingerprint recognition function and the ability to detect dynamic and static pressure through time-division control, and to trigger different functions (e.g., fast swiping, tapping, slow swiping, and different degrees of pressing can trigger the corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the efficiency of electronic device use.
[0021] In one implementation of the third aspect, dynamic pressure includes rapid sliding of the user's finger on the electronic device along the second and third directions, as well as tapping of the user's finger on the electronic device; static pressure includes slow sliding and pressing of the user's finger on the electronic device.
[0022] In this implementation, the user's finger can trigger corresponding functions by rapidly sliding, tapping, slowly sliding, or pressing in different directions on the electronic device, thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the efficiency of electronic device use.
[0023] In one implementation of the third aspect, "when the user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls the piezoelectric component to detect the dynamic pressure" includes: the controller detects the sliding trajectory of the finger based on the direction of rapid sliding detected by the sensor.
[0024] In this implementation, the sliding trajectory can include multiple directions. For example, the user's finger may first slide along a second direction and then along a third direction. Different sliding trajectories can trigger corresponding functions, thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the usability of electronic devices.
[0025] In one implementation of the third aspect, there are multiple sensors arranged on both sides of the main body. "The controller detects that the user is holding the electronic device via sensors" includes: the pressure F detected by the controller via at least one sensor is greater than or equal to a pressure trigger threshold Fth, and the controller detects pressure via at least two sensors.
[0026] In this implementation, the fingerprint recognition mode can be activated at the appropriate time by triggering the above-mentioned fingerprint recognition mode, thus avoiding accidental activation of fingerprint recognition due to accidental touch or slight collision. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an electronic device in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a sensor in one embodiment; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure of the sensor in the image; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the sensor in the image; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode layer in one embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoresistive functional layer; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sensor in another embodiment; Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the sensor in the diagram; Figure 9 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the sensor in the image; Figure 10 for Figure 7 A top view of the first electrode layer in the structure; Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the sensor in another embodiment; Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of the sensor in the diagram; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of the sensor.
[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Electronic equipment; 3-Pressure source; 10 - Sensor; 20 - Main body; 11-Protective layer; 12-Piezoelectric component; 13-Piezoelectric component; 21-Roller; 22-Top cover; 23-Housing shell; 121-First electrode layer; 122-Piezoelectric material layer; 123-Second electrode layer; 131-Dielectric layer; 132-Piezoelectric functional layer; 121a - First electrode region; 121b - Third electrode region; 121c - Fourth electrode region; 121d - Second electrode region; 121e - First insulating part; 121f - Second insulating part; 121g - First electrode; 121h - Second electrode; 123a - First micro-convex structure; 131a - Second micro-convex structure; 132a - Circuit board; 132b - Wheatstone bridge. Detailed Implementation
[0029] This application provides an electronic device, including but not limited to devices with touch functionality such as mice, touchpads, mobile phones, and tablets.
[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of electronic device 1 in one embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, electronic device 1 can be a mouse. The mouse can be an office mouse or a gaming mouse. The mouse can be a wired mouse or a wireless mouse.
[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the device may include a housing 23, a top cover 22, wheels 21, and a sensor 10, etc. It is understood that the accompanying drawings in this embodiment only schematically show some components of the electronic device 1, and the actual structure, size, position, and quantity of these components are not limited by the figures shown. In this embodiment, the part of the electronic device 1 other than the sensor 10 can be referred to as the main body 20, and the sensor 10 is installed in the main body 20.
[0032] Figure 1 The image shows one sensor 10 of electronic device 1. This is merely an illustrative example and is not intended to limit the number of sensors 10.
[0033] refer to Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, there can be multiple sensors 10, for example, four, which are arranged on both sides of the main body 20. For example, the two sides of the main body 20 can be the position where the user's thumb is placed during use and the position opposite it. This arrangement facilitates the realization of full-area pressing functionality on both sides of the electronic device 1. "Full-area pressing" means that when the user presses any position on either side, at least 2-3 sensors can capture the pressure signal, avoiding the limitation of "only the button area can be pressed," and multiple sensors help to enhance signal amplitude and improve detection sensitivity. In another embodiment, there can also be only one sensor 10, located on the left side of the main body 20, i.e., the thumb placement position. In yet another embodiment, the number and position of the sensors 10 are not limited to those described above.
[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, exemplarily, the top cover 22 may include a left button 222 and a right button 221. The top cover 22 and the housing 23 can enclose the internal space of the electronic device 1. Various components can be arranged inside the electronic device 1, such as a battery (for wireless mice), button switches, and a controller. The controller can be electrically connected to the sensor 10 and used to control the sensor to emit ultrasonic waves when the electronic device 1 is in fingerprint recognition mode. It can also be used to receive and process signals from the sensor 10. Exemplarily, the controller can be a main control chip.
[0035] Understandable Figure 1 The structure of the electronic device 1 shown is merely an illustrative example and is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. For example, in another embodiment, the electronic device 1 may also be a mobile phone, and the sensor 10 may be arranged on the side of the mobile phone.
[0036] The detailed structure of sensor 10 is described below.
[0037] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of sensor 10 in one embodiment. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure of sensor 10 in the figure. Figure 4 for Figure 2 An exploded view of sensor 10.
[0038] For ease of explanation, the length direction of sensor 10 can be defined as the X-axis, the width direction as the Y-axis, and the thickness direction as the Z-axis. It is understood that the XYZ coordinate system can be flexibly set according to specific practical needs and is not limited to what is described above.
[0039] like Figures 2-4 As shown, the sensor 10 may include a protective layer 11, a piezoelectric component 12, and a piezoresistive component 13, which are stacked sequentially. The piezoelectric component 12 is closer to the working surface of the sensor 10 than the piezoresistive component 13. The working surface of the sensor 10 refers to the surface of the sensor 10 facing the pressure source 3 (e.g., a user's finger).
[0040] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the protective layer 11 can be located on the surface of the electronic device 1, and the protective layer 11 can be, for example, insulating ink. The pressure source 3 can directly act on the protective layer 11. The protective layer 11 can form a protective barrier for the sensor 10, isolating it from external moisture, dust, and corrosive substances, while also enhancing the wear resistance and mechanical strength of the sensor 10 surface, reducing physical damage caused by collisions and friction, and helping to extend the service life of the sensor 10. In another embodiment, whether or not to provide the protective layer 11 can be determined according to product requirements.
[0041] like Figures 2-4 As shown, exemplarily, the piezoelectric component 12 may include a first electrode layer 121, a piezoelectric material layer 122, and a second electrode layer 123 stacked sequentially. One of the first electrode layer 121 and the second electrode layer 123 may be a positive electrode layer, and the other of the first electrode layer 121 and the second electrode layer 123 may be a negative electrode layer.
[0042] like Figures 2-4 As shown, the second electrode layer 123 is located between the piezoelectric material layer 122 and the piezoresistive component 13. The electrode material of the second electrode layer 123 may include, but is not limited to, silver (Ag) or copper (Cu, etc.).
[0043] like Figures 2-4As shown, the piezoelectric material layer 122 can be made of organic piezoelectric materials. The piezoelectric voltage constant g33 of organic piezoelectric materials can be relatively large, giving them high pressure receiving sensitivity, which is beneficial for capturing dynamic pressure signals through the piezoelectric effect. Organic piezoelectric materials include, but are not limited to, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene copolymers [Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE)]. The piezoelectric effect refers to the physical phenomenon of direct conversion between mechanical force and electrical energy in certain materials (such as crystals, ceramics, and polymers), encompassing two directions: the direct piezoelectric effect refers to applying mechanical stress to the piezoelectric material layer 122 and generating a charge signal; the inverse piezoelectric effect refers to applying an electric field to the piezoelectric material layer 122 and causing it to deform, for example, generating high-frequency vibrations and emitting ultrasonic waves. The piezoelectric voltage constant g33 refers to the voltage gradient generated by the material in the thickness direction under unit stress. The larger the value, the higher the efficiency of the material in converting mechanical energy into voltage. Dynamic pressure refers to the process of force change such as rapid sliding and striking, characterized by the instantaneous rate of change of force dF / dt≠0.
[0044] like Figures 2-4 As shown, for example, the thickness of the piezoelectric material layer 122 can be approximately 5 μm to 20 μm. The shape of the piezoelectric material layer 122 can be rectangular, square, circular, etc., depending on the structure of the electronic device 1, and this embodiment does not specifically limit this.
[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode layer 121 in one embodiment. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the electrode materials of the first electrode layer 121 include, but are not limited to, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu). For example, the first electrode layer 121 may include a first insulating portion 121e and a second insulating portion 121f, which intersect and at least separate a first electrode region 121a, a second electrode region 121d, a third electrode region 121b, and a fourth electrode region 121c within the first electrode layer 121. Each electrode region is electrically isolated from each other and can independently receive and transmit electrical signals.
[0046] like Figure 5As shown, exemplarily, the first electrode region 121a, the second electrode region 121d, the third electrode region 121b, and the fourth electrode region 121c can be arranged in a 2×2 array. The first electrode region 121a can be located at the upper left of the first electrode layer 121, the second electrode region 121d can be located at the upper right of the first electrode layer 121, the third electrode region 121b can be located at the lower left of the first electrode layer 121, and the fourth electrode region 121c can be located at the lower right of the first electrode layer 121.
[0047] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, by setting four electrically isolated electrode regions arranged in a crisscross pattern on the first electrode layer 121, the piezoelectric component 12 can detect dynamic pressure in the first, second, and third directions during a first time period (the period when the user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device, as will be explained below), thus achieving three-dimensional force detection. The first direction is the stacking direction of the piezoelectric component 12 and the piezoresistive component 13, for example, it could be... Figure 2 and Figure 5 The Z-direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, for example, it can be... Figure 2 and Figure 5 The Y-direction; the third direction is perpendicular to the first and second directions, for example, it can be... Figure 5 The X direction in the context. It is understood that the first direction, second direction, and third direction mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all reversible bidirectional.
[0048] It is understood that the first electrode layer 121 in this embodiment can be divided into at least four regions by an insulating portion that is approximately cross-shaped, and such a first electrode layer 121 can be referred to as a cross-shaped four-region electrode layer.
[0049] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, when a user's finger slides along the side of the electronic device 1, the pressure point can act on different electrode areas of the first electrode layer 121 along the sliding direction. For example, the finger slides along a third direction (such as...). Figure 5 When the finger slides to the right in the X direction (as shown in the image), it can first contact the upper left first electrode region 121a, and then the upper right second electrode region 121d. This causes the charge signal in the first electrode region 121a to rise and then fall, while the charge signal in the second electrode region 121d rises subsequently. For example, the finger slides along the second direction (e.g., in the X direction). Figure 5When the finger slides downwards (in the Y direction), it can first touch the upper left first electrode region 121a, and then the lower left third electrode region 121b. This causes the charge signal in the first electrode region 121a to rise first and then fall, while the charge signal in the third electrode region 121b rises later. The system can use an algorithm to capture the phase difference between the signal trigger timing and amplitude change curves of the four electrode regions and deduce the sliding direction.
[0050] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, in one implementation, the system can also detect the sliding trajectory based on the sliding direction, for example, the user's finger first slides to the right along a third direction, and then slides down along a second direction, etc.
[0051] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, when a user's finger taps rapidly on the side of the electronic device 1, the pressure point acts on one of the electrode regions of the first electrode layer 121, with the pressure direction along a first direction, and the charge signal detected in this electrode region rises and falls rapidly. The system can determine the user's tapping behavior through the rapidly rising and falling charge signal in this electrode region.
[0052] It is understood that the first electrode layer 121 is divided into four electrode regions by intersecting first insulating portions 121e and second insulating portions 121f; this is merely an illustrative example. In another embodiment, the first electrode layer 121 may also include more electrode regions. For example, the first electrode layer 121 may also include a third insulating portion, which may intersect with either the first insulating portion 121e or the second insulating portion 121f. The first insulating portion 121e, the second insulating portion 121f, and the third insulating portion divide the first electrode layer 121 into six electrode regions. These six electrode regions may, for example, be arranged in a 2×3 array. In this embodiment, three-dimensional force detection can still be achieved, and detection accuracy can be improved. In another embodiment, the first electrode layer 121 may also include fewer electrode regions, and three-dimensional force detection can be achieved in other ways.
[0053] It is understood that the first electrode layer 121 is divided into at least four electrode regions by intersecting first insulating portions 121e and second insulating portions 121f; this is merely an illustrative example. In another embodiment, the second electrode layer 123 may also be divided into at least a fifth electrode region, a sixth electrode region, a seventh electrode region, and an eighth electrode region by intersecting third and fourth insulating portions. At least one of the first electrode layer 121 and the second electrode layer 123 being a cross-shaped four-part electrode layer enables three-dimensional force detection.
[0054] The following explanation will continue with the example of the first electrode layer 121 being a cross-shaped four-electrode layer.
[0055] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the first electrode region 121a, the second electrode region 121d, the third electrode region 121b, and the fourth electrode region 121c may each include multiple electrically isolated sub-regions. Each sub-region can independently receive and transmit electrical signals.
[0056] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in another embodiment, the first electrode region 121a, the second electrode region 121d, the third electrode region 121b, and the fourth electrode region 121c may each be provided with a thin film transistor (TFT) array for receiving and transmitting electrical signals at different locations in each electrode region.
[0057] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in another embodiment, the first electrode region 121a, the second electrode region 121d, the third electrode region 121b and the fourth electrode region 121c may each include a plurality of electrically isolated sub-regions, and each sub-region may be provided with a TFT array.
[0058] refer to Figure 5 As shown, in another embodiment, a portion of the electrode regions 121a, 121d, 121b, and 121c may include multiple electrically isolated sub-regions; another portion of the electrode regions 121a, 121d, 121b, and 121c may be provided with a TFT array.
[0059] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the piezoelectric component 12 can also be used to emit ultrasonic waves and receive reflected ultrasonic waves during a second time period, where the second time period refers to the period when the electronic device 1 is in fingerprint detection mode. For example, when the electronic device 1 is in fingerprint detection mode, the controller applies an alternating voltage to the piezoelectric material layer 122 through the first electrode layer 121 and the second electrode layer 123, using the inverse piezoelectric effect to cause the piezoelectric material layer 122 to vibrate at high frequency and emit ultrasonic waves. After the ultrasonic waves penetrate the finger, the difference in acoustic impedance between the fingerprint ridges (skin) and valleys (air) results in different echo intensities. The first electrode layer 121 receives the echoes and converts them into electrical signals, ultimately reconstructing the fingerprint texture. In this embodiment, by setting mutually electrically isolated sub-regions or TFT arrays on the four electrode areas, it is beneficial to detect the echo intensity at different locations during the ultrasonic fingerprint recognition process, improving fingerprint detection accuracy. In another embodiment, whether to set sub-regions or TFT arrays can be determined according to product needs.
[0060] like Figures 2-4 As shown, the piezoresistive component 13 may include a dielectric layer 131 and a piezoresistive functional layer 132, etc. The dielectric layer 131 may be located between the piezoelectric component 12 and the piezoresistive functional layer 132. The dielectric layer 131 may be, for example, a polyimide (PI) film. The dielectric layer 131 can be used for signal isolation between the piezoelectric component 13 and the piezoresistive functional layer 132 to avoid cross-interference between the signals of the piezoelectric component 12 and the piezoresistive component 13. It can also be used to transfer stress to improve the sensitivity of the piezoresistive component 13. In another embodiment, whether to provide a dielectric layer 131 can be determined according to product requirements.
[0061] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoresistive functional layer 132. (See attached diagram.) Figure 6 As shown, the piezoresistive functional layer 132 may include a circuit board 132a and a Wheatstone bridge 132b on the circuit board 132a. The circuit board 132a may be, for example, a flexible printed circuit (FPC). The Wheatstone bridge 132b may be composed of four resistors (R1, R2, R3, and R4) connected in a diamond shape, with power supply VCC diagonally supplied, and a voltmeter (not shown) monitoring the voltage at the other diagonal (S- and S+). When no external force is applied, the Wheatstone bridge 132b is in balance, and the output voltage is zero; when an external force is applied to the Wheatstone bridge 132b, it will cause one or more resistance values of the Wheatstone bridge 132b to change, causing the Wheatstone bridge 132b to lose balance, thereby outputting a voltage signal proportional to the resistance change.
[0062] like Figure 6As shown, for example, the resistive material of the Wheatstone bridge 132b can be, but is not limited to, low-temperature-coefficient, high-stability materials such as manganese-copper alloy, constantan alloy, and nickel-chromium alloy. This helps reduce resistance changes caused by temperature variations and improves resistance stability, thus facilitating the high-precision static pressure measurement of the Wheatstone bridge 132b. The temperature coefficient of resistance refers to the relative rate of change of resistance value with temperature changes. The lower the temperature coefficient of resistance, the higher the stability and the less prone it is to temperature drift, which is more conducive to improving pressure measurement accuracy. Static pressure refers to a constant state of force, such as continuous pressing or stable slow sliding, characterized by an instantaneous rate of change of force dF / dt = 0.
[0063] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the piezoresistive component 13 can be used to detect static pressure during a third time period, which refers to the period during which the user applies static pressure to the electronic device 1. The system can preset pressure values for light, medium, and heavy presses. When the user's finger continuously presses the sensor 10, the piezoresistive component 13 can detect the magnitude of the static pressure, thereby determining the type of press.
[0064] Combination Figures 1-6 As shown, when a hand touches the electronic device 1, the controller detects the active gripping action through the sensor 10, activates the fingerprint recognition mode, and the controller completes fingerprint recognition and unlocks the electronic device 1 by emitting and receiving ultrasonic signals through the piezoelectric component 12. When an external force is applied to the area where the sensor 10 of the electronic device 1 is located, the sensor 10 can respond accurately according to the type of pressure. When the user applies dynamic pressure (tapping or rapid sliding, etc.) to the electronic device 1, the electronic device 1 activates the dynamic pressure detection mode. The piezoelectric component 12 generates charge due to rapid deformation, outputs a pulse signal through the first electrode layer 121 or the second electrode layer 123, and detects the dynamic pressure in the first, second, and third directions. When the user applies static pressure (pressing or slow sliding) to the electronic device 1, the electronic device 1 activates the static pressure detection mode. The pressure is conducted through the dielectric layer 131 to the piezoresistive functional layer 132, causing the Wheatstone bridge 132b to become unbalanced and output a linear voltage signal, thereby detecting the static pressure. Among them, fingerprint detection, dynamic pressure detection, and static pressure detection are activated in the second time period, the first time period, and the third time period, respectively, when different conditions are met. This control method can be called time-sharing control.
[0065] It is understood that the first time period, the second time period, and the third time period mentioned in the embodiments of this application are only used to distinguish different time periods, and do not represent the order of the time periods.
[0066] Combination Figures 1-6As shown, different pressure types, directions of pressure change, and pressure magnitudes can be mapped to different functions. For example, a rapid swipe of the finger along the second direction can access software such as a browser or email; a light press corresponds to the confirmation function; a medium press corresponds to functions such as split-screen and screen lock; and a heavy press triggers functions such as recording and muting.
[0067] Combination Figures 1-6 As shown, for example, electronic device 1 can preset a pressure activation threshold Fth, which can be, for example, 50 g to 100 g (approximately the force of a human finger lightly pressing electronic device 1), where g represents force in grams. When the pressure F detected by electronic device 1 through at least one sensor 10 (e.g., sensor 10 at the thumb placement area) is greater than or equal to the pressure activation threshold Fth, and at least two sensors 10 simultaneously detect pressure (pressure not equal to 0), it is determined as "user actively gripping," triggering the fingerprint recognition mode. If the pressure F detected by the sensor 10 is less than the pressure activation threshold Fth, or if fewer than two sensors are subjected to pressure, it is determined as "slight interference" (e.g., electronic device 1 is slightly bumped while placed on a table), and the fingerprint recognition mode will not be triggered, thereby avoiding accidental activation of fingerprint recognition due to accidental touch or slight bump.
[0068] For example, the pressure F mentioned above can be measured by the piezoresistive component 13, and the pressure F can be a static pressure. In another embodiment, the pressure F can also be measured by the piezoelectric component 12, and the pressure F can be a dynamic pressure.
[0069] In another embodiment, the triggering condition of the fingerprint recognition mode can be determined according to product needs. For example, the fingerprint recognition mode can be started by default in the initial system, or the fingerprint recognition mode can be started when the pressure F detected by at least one sensor 10 is greater than or equal to the pressure start threshold Fth, or the fingerprint recognition mode needs to be started when the pressure F detected by at least one sensor 10 is greater than or equal to the pressure start threshold Fth, and at least three sensors detect pressure at the same time.
[0070] Combination Figures 1-6 As shown in the embodiment of this application, by integrating the piezoelectric component 12 with fingerprint recognition and dynamic pressure detection functions and the piezoresistive component 13 with static pressure detection functions into a single sensor 10, the electronic device 1 equipped with the sensor 10 can have both fingerprint recognition functions and the ability to detect dynamic and static pressure through time-division control, and corresponding to different functions (e.g., fast sliding, tapping, slow sliding, and different degrees of pressing can trigger the corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the usage efficiency of the electronic device 1.
[0071] Based on the embodiments described above, other embodiments can be obtained. These will be described below.
[0072] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of sensor 10 in another embodiment. Figure 8 for Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of sensor 10 in the diagram. Figure 9 for Figure 7 An exploded view of sensor 10 in the diagram. Figure 10 for Figure 7 A top view of the first electrode layer 121.
[0073] Combination Figures 7-10 As shown, this embodiment is similar to Figures 2-6 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the first electrode layer 121 of the sensor 10 may include multiple electrodes along a third direction (e.g., Figure 10 The first electrode 121g extends in the X direction and multiple electrodes extend in the second direction (e.g., in the X direction) and multiple electrodes extend in the second direction (e.g., in the X direction). Figure 10 The second electrode 121h extends along the Y direction (in the first direction). The first electrode 121g may be spaced apart along the second direction, and the second electrode 121h may be spaced apart along the third direction. The first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h are insulated from each other. The first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h may have different piezoelectric voltage constants g33. For example, the first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h may be spaced apart along the first direction (e.g., along the Y direction). Figure 7 The layers are stacked in the Z direction. The first electrode 121g may be away from the piezoelectric material layer 122, or the second electrode 121h may be away from the piezoelectric material layer 122.
[0074] It is understood that the arrangement of the first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h in this embodiment makes the first electrode layer 121 roughly in the shape of a cross grid, and this first electrode layer 121 can be called a cross grid electrode layer.
[0075] like Figures 7-10 As shown, exemplarily, one of the first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h can be a copper (Cu) electrode, and the other of the first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h can be a silver (Ag) electrode. Figures 7-10As shown, when the piezoelectric component 12 is subjected to a third-direction force, the resistance of the first electrode 121g changes significantly, while the resistance of the second electrode 121h changes very little, thus identifying the dynamic pressure in the third direction. When the piezoelectric component 12 is subjected to a second-direction force, the resistance of the second electrode 121h changes significantly, while the resistance of the first electrode 121g changes very little, thus identifying the dynamic pressure in the second direction. When the piezoelectric component 12 is subjected to a first-direction force, the resistances of both the first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h change, but due to their material properties, the ratio of the resistance changes of the first electrode 121g and the second electrode 121h remains constant, thus identifying the dynamic pressure in the first direction.
[0076] It is understood that the first electrode layer 121 includes a plurality of first electrodes 121g extending along a third direction and a plurality of second electrodes 121h extending along a second direction; this is merely an illustrative example. In another embodiment, the second electrode layer 123 may also include a plurality of third electrodes and a plurality of fourth electrodes, with the plurality of third electrodes arranged sequentially at intervals along the second direction, each extending along a third direction, and the plurality of fourth electrodes distributed sequentially at intervals along a third direction, each extending along the second direction; the third and fourth electrodes are insulated from each other, and the third and fourth electrodes have different piezoelectric voltage constants. At least one of the first electrode layer 121 and the second electrode layer 123 is a cross-shaped grid electrode layer, which enables three-dimensional force detection.
[0077] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 7-10 As shown, when a hand touches the electronic device 1, the controller detects the active gripping action through the sensor 10, activates the fingerprint recognition mode, and the controller completes fingerprint recognition and unlocks the electronic device 1 by emitting and receiving ultrasonic signals through the piezoelectric component 12. When an external force is applied to the area where the sensor 10 of the electronic device 1 is located, the sensor 10 can respond accurately according to the type of pressure. When the user applies dynamic pressure (tapping or rapid sliding, etc.) to the electronic device 1, the electronic device 1 activates the dynamic pressure detection mode. The piezoelectric component 12 generates charge due to rapid deformation, outputs a pulse signal through the first electrode layer 121 or the second electrode layer 123, and detects the dynamic pressure in the first, second, and third directions. When the user applies static pressure (pressing or slow sliding) to the electronic device 1, the electronic device 1 activates the static pressure detection mode. The pressure is conducted through the dielectric layer 131 to the piezoresistive functional layer 132, causing the Wheatstone bridge 132b to become unbalanced and output a linear voltage signal, thereby detecting static pressure.
[0078] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 7-10As shown, different pressure types, directions of pressure change, and pressure magnitudes can be mapped to different functions. For example, a rapid swipe of the finger along the second direction can access software such as a browser or email; a light press corresponds to the confirmation function; a medium press corresponds to functions such as split-screen and screen lock; and a heavy press triggers functions such as recording and muting.
[0079] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 7-10 As shown, for example, electronic device 1 can preset a pressure activation threshold Fth, which can be, for example, 50 g to 100 g, where g represents force in grams. When the pressure F detected by electronic device 1 through at least one sensor 10 (e.g., sensor 10 at the thumb placement area) is greater than or equal to the pressure activation threshold Fth, and at least two sensors detect the pressure simultaneously, it is determined as "user actively gripping," triggering the fingerprint recognition mode. If the pressure F detected by electronic device 1 through sensor 10 is less than the pressure activation threshold Fth, or if fewer than two sensors are subjected to pressure, it is determined as "slight interference" (e.g., electronic device 1 is slightly bumped while placed on a table), and the fingerprint recognition mode will not be triggered, thereby avoiding accidental activation of fingerprint recognition due to accidental touch or slight bump.
[0080] For example, the pressure signal F mentioned above can be measured by the piezoresistive component 13, and the pressure F can be a static pressure. In another embodiment, the pressure F can also be measured by the piezoelectric component 12, and the pressure F can be a dynamic pressure.
[0081] In another embodiment, the triggering condition of the fingerprint recognition mode can be determined according to product needs. For example, the fingerprint recognition mode can be started by default in the initial system, or the fingerprint recognition mode can be started when the pressure F detected by at least one sensor 10 is greater than or equal to the pressure start threshold Fth, or the fingerprint recognition mode needs to be started when the pressure F detected by at least one sensor 10 is greater than or equal to the pressure start threshold Fth, and at least three sensors detect pressure at the same time.
[0082] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 7-10 As shown, in this embodiment, by integrating the piezoelectric component 12 with fingerprint recognition and dynamic pressure detection functions and the piezoresistive component 13 with static pressure detection functions into a single sensor 10, the electronic device 1 equipped with the sensor 10 can have both fingerprint recognition functions and the ability to detect dynamic and static pressure through time-division control, and corresponding to different functions (e.g., fast sliding, tapping, slow sliding, and different degrees of pressing can trigger the corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the usage efficiency of the electronic device 1.
[0083] Combination Figures 7-10As shown, in this embodiment, by designing the first electrode layer 121 and / or the second electrode layer 123 as a cross-shaped grid electrode layer, the first electrode layer 121 and / or the second electrode layer 123 can receive ultrasonic signals from different points, so that the first electrode layer 121 and / or the second electrode layer 123 can accurately detect fingerprint signals without matrix partitioning or setting up a TFT array.
[0084] It is understood that this embodiment and Figures 2-6 The embodiments shown can also be combined. For example, in one embodiment, the first electrode layer 121 and / or the second electrode layer 123 can be cross-shaped quadrant electrode layers, and at least one electrode region can be designed as a cross-shaped grid electrode.
[0085] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of sensor 10 in another embodiment. Figure 12 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional view of sensor 10 in the diagram. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another cross-sectional structure of sensor 10.
[0086] Combination Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment is similar to Figures 2-6 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that, in this embodiment, the side of the piezoelectric material layer 122 facing the dielectric layer 131 may include a plurality of first micro-protrusions 123a arranged in an inner array, and the second electrode layer 123 is attached to the piezoelectric material layer 122. That is, the second electrode layer 123 may be an irregularly shaped film layer that cooperates with the piezoelectric material layer 122. The side of the dielectric layer 131 facing the piezoelectric material layer 122 may include a plurality of second micro-protrusions 131a arranged in an array, and the first micro-protrusions 123a and the second micro-protrusions 131a interlock with each other.
[0087] like Figure 12 As shown, in one embodiment, the first micro-convex structure 123a and the second micro-convex structure 131a can be hemispherical. Figure 13 As shown, in another embodiment, the first micro-convex structure 123a and the second micro-convex structure 131a can be cones. In other embodiments, the first micro-convex structure 123a and the second micro-convex structure 131a can also be other shapes, such as cylinders.
[0088] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 11-13As shown, in this embodiment, by integrating the piezoelectric component 12 with fingerprint recognition and dynamic pressure detection functions and the piezoresistive component 13 with static pressure detection functions into a single sensor 10, the electronic device 1 equipped with the sensor 10 can have both fingerprint recognition functions and the ability to detect dynamic and static pressure through time-division control, and corresponding to different functions (e.g., fast sliding, tapping, slow sliding, and different degrees of pressing can trigger the corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the usage efficiency of the electronic device 1.
[0089] Combination Figure 1 , Figures 11-13 As shown, in this embodiment, by designing an array of micro-protrusions on the piezoelectric material layer 122 and the dielectric layer 131, the contact area between the piezoelectric material layer 122 and the dielectric layer 131 can be reduced. According to the pressure formula: pressure P = force F / area S, when the pressure is constant, the smaller the contact area, the more capable it is of receiving minute pressure changes, which helps to give the sensor 10 higher detection sensitivity.
[0090] It is understood that this embodiment and Figures 2-6 The illustrated embodiments and Figures 7-10 The embodiments shown can also be combined with each other. For example, in one embodiment, the first electrode layer 121 can be a cross-shaped four-part region electrode layer, and an array of micro-protrusion structures can be designed on the piezoelectric material layer 122 and the dielectric layer 131; or, the first electrode layer 121 can be a cross-shaped grid electrode layer, and an array of micro-protrusion structures can be designed on the piezoelectric material layer 122 and the dielectric layer 131.
[0091] This application embodiment also provides a detection method, which can be applied to the electronic device 1 with sensor 10 described above. The detection method includes the following steps: Step S1: When the controller detects that the user is holding the electronic device 1 through the sensor 10, the controller controls the piezoelectric component 12 to emit ultrasonic waves and completes ultrasonic fingerprint recognition. Step S2: When the user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device 1, the controller controls the piezoelectric component 12 to detect the dynamic pressure; Step S3: When the user applies static pressure to the electronic device 1, the controller controls the piezoresistive component 13 to detect the static pressure.
[0092] For example, dynamic pressure may include rapid sliding of a user's finger on the electronic device 1 along a second and a third direction, as well as tapping of the user's finger on the electronic device 1; static pressure may include slow sliding and pressing of a user's finger on the electronic device 1. Rapid sliding, tapping, slow sliding, and different degrees of pressing can correspond to different functions.
[0093] In one implementation, step S2, "when the user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls the piezoelectric component to detect the dynamic pressure," may include: The controller detects the finger's sliding trajectory based on the direction of the rapid swipe detected by sensor 10. For example, the finger may slide along a second or third direction, or it may slide first along a second direction and then along a third direction. Different sliding trajectories can correspond to different functions.
[0094] In one implementation, step S1, "the controller detects that the user is holding the electronic device 1 via sensor 10," may include: The controller detects a pressure F greater than or equal to the pressure start threshold Fth through at least one sensor 10, and the controller detects pressure through at least two sensors 10.
[0095] For example, the pressure trigger threshold Fth can be 50 g to 100 g, which is approximately the force required for a human finger to lightly press an electronic device 1.
[0096] For example, the pressure F can be measured by the piezoresistive component 13, and the pressure F can be a static pressure. In another embodiment, the pressure F can be measured by the piezoelectric component 12, and the pressure F can be a dynamic pressure.
[0097] The specific working principle of the above detection method has been explained above and will not be repeated here.
[0098] In this embodiment of the application, the above detection method enables the electronic device 1 equipped with sensor 10 to have both fingerprint recognition function and the ability to detect dynamic pressure and static pressure through time-division control, and to trigger different functions (e.g., fast swiping, tapping, slow swiping, and different degrees of pressing can trigger the corresponding functions respectively), thereby facilitating more efficient human-computer interaction and improving the usage efficiency of electronic device 1.
[0099] In the description of the embodiments in this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.
[0100] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
[0101] The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "side," "top," and "bottom," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. These directional terms are used to better and more clearly explain and understand the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to explicitly or implicitly suggest that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, etc., and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.
[0102] In the description of the embodiments in this application, unless otherwise stated, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.
[0103] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A sensor, characterized in that, a piezoelectric component and a piezoresistive component are stacked along a first direction, and the piezoelectric component is closer to a working surface of the sensor than the piezoresistive component; the piezoelectric component comprises a first electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence, and the second electrode layer is located between the piezoelectric material layer and the piezoresistive component; the piezoelectric component is used for detecting dynamic pressure in a first time period and used for emitting and receiving reflected ultrasonic waves in a second time period, the dynamic pressure including fast sliding and tapping; the piezoresistive component is used for detecting static pressure in a third time period, the static pressure including slow sliding and pressing. 2.The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first electrode layer comprises a first insulating part and a second insulating part, the first insulating part and the second insulating part intersect and separate at least a first electrode region, a second electrode region, a third electrode region and a fourth electrode region in the first electrode layer; and / or, the second electrode layer comprises a third insulating part and a fourth insulating part, the third insulating part and the fourth insulating part intersect and separate at least a fifth electrode region, a sixth electrode region, a seventh electrode region and an eighth electrode region in the second electrode layer. 3.The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first electrode layer comprises a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, the plurality of first electrodes are spaced apart in sequence along a second direction, each of the first electrodes extends along a third direction, the plurality of second electrodes are spaced apart in sequence along the third direction, each of the second electrodes extends along the second direction; the first electrodes and the second electrodes are insulated from each other, the first electrodes and the second electrodes have different piezoelectric voltage constants; and / or, the second electrode layer comprises a plurality of third electrodes and a plurality of fourth electrodes, the plurality of third electrodes are spaced apart in sequence along the second direction, each of the third electrodes extends along the third direction, the plurality of fourth electrodes are spaced apart in sequence along the third direction, each of the fourth electrodes extends along the second direction; the third electrodes and the fourth electrodes are insulated from each other, the third electrodes and the fourth electrodes have different piezoelectric voltage constants; wherein, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to the first direction, and the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. 4.The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, the piezoresistive component comprises a dielectric layer and a piezoresistive functional layer, the dielectric layer is located between the piezoelectric component and the piezoresistive functional layer; the piezoresistive functional layer comprises a circuit board and a Wheatstone bridge arranged on the circuit board. 5.The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, a side of the piezoelectric material layer facing the dielectric layer comprises a plurality of first micro-convex structures arranged in an array, and the second electrode layer is attached to the piezoelectric material layer; a side of the dielectric layer facing the piezoelectric material layer comprises a plurality of second micro-convex structures arranged in an array; the first micro-convex structures and the second micro-convex structures are engaged with each other.
6. An electronic device, comprising a main body, a controller and a sensor according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the sensor and the controller are located in the main body, and the controller is electrically connected to the sensor.
7. A detection method, comprising: applying to the electronic device according to claim 6, wherein the detection method comprises: when the controller detects that a user holds the electronic device through the sensor, the controller controls the piezoelectric component to emit ultrasonic waves, and completes ultrasonic fingerprint identification; when the user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls the piezoelectric component to detect the dynamic pressure; when the user applies static pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls the piezoresistive component to detect the static pressure.
8. The detection method according to claim 7, wherein: the dynamic pressure comprises fast sliding of the user's finger on the electronic device in the second direction and the third direction, and tapping of the user's finger on the electronic device; the static pressure comprises slow sliding and pressing of the user's finger on the electronic device.
9. The detection method according to claim 8, wherein: when the user applies dynamic pressure to the electronic device, the controller controls the piezoelectric component to detect the dynamic pressure, comprises: the controller detects the sliding track of the finger according to the direction of the fast sliding detected through the sensor.
10. The detection method according to claim 7, wherein: the sensor is multiple, and the multiple sensors are arranged at both sides of the main body, when the controller detects that a user holds the electronic device through the sensor, comprises: the controller detects pressure F through at least one of the sensors, and the pressure F is greater than or equal to a pressure starting threshold Fth, and the controller detects pressure through at least two of the sensors, and the pressure F is the dynamic pressure detected through the piezoelectric component or the static pressure detected through the piezoresistive component.