Near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on integration of wind-solar-electricity heat and hydrogen production key technologies

Abstract

The invention provides a near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on integration of key technologies of wind, light and electricity heat production and hydrogen production. The near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station comprises an intelligent management system, a green energy production system, an energy storage system and a hydrogen production and hydrogenation system. The intelligent management system comprises a monitoring and management module which is used for collecting and transmitting operation data of the energy production equipment, the energy storage device and the energy consumption equipment in the station to the central monitoring platform in real time; the energy coordinated regulation and control module is used for controlling coordinated optimization of the green energy production system and the energy storage system; and the hydrogen production load regulation and control module is used for controlling optimal management and safety of the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system. The green energy production system comprises a solar photovoltaic module and a wind generating set. The energy storage system comprises a solid heat storage subsystem and an electric energy storage and discharge integrated charging pile device. The hydrogen production and hydrogenation system comprises a metal cracking water vapor hydrogen production subsystem and a high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogenation subsystem. According to the invention, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and near-zero-carbon operation of the traffic energy supply station is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of new energy technology, in particular to a near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on key technology integration of wind-solar-electricity heat production hydrogen production. BACKGROUND

[0002] The energy demand of traditional highway service areas mainly relies on fossil fuels (such as diesel, gasoline, natural gas, etc.), which not only has high carbon emissions, but also has the problem of low energy use efficiency. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) have significant advantages in long-distance transportation fields (such as freight trucks, buses, and logistics vehicles): high energy density, fast refueling speed, long cruising range, and are suitable for highway scenarios.

[0003] With the popularization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, traffic energy supply stations need to layout hydrogen refueling stations to meet the refueling needs of hydrogen energy vehicles, and many hydrogen refueling stations use hydrogen derived from fossil fuel hydrogen production (such as natural gas reforming and coal hydrogen production). The carbon emissions in the preparation process of such "gray hydrogen" are relatively high, which is contrary to the goal of low carbon and environmental protection. The hydrogen gas of traditional hydrogen refueling stations usually depends on external supply and needs long-distance transportation, which has economic cost and energy loss in the transportation process.

[0004] Currently, there are new hydrogen refueling stations that use wind-solar-electricity and other clean energy to produce and store hydrogen in highway service areas, but the method of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen is still the mainstream. The batteries in the electricity storage system, especially high-performance batteries such as lithium-ion batteries, require a large amount of scarce raw materials such as cobalt and lithium for production. As the scale expands, the cost reduction space is limited, resulting in high investment cost of large-scale electricity storage systems. Batteries will age and have capacity degradation problems during long-term use, and need to be replaced regularly, increasing operating costs. The electricity stored in the electricity storage system needs to be converted into heat energy through electric heating or other methods before being used for heating, which will cause a certain amount of energy loss and limit the energy complementation and peak shaving effect. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, the present application provides a near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on key technology integration of wind-solar-electricity heat production hydrogen production to at least solve the above technical problems.

[0006] The embodiment of the application provides a near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on key technology integration of wind and light electricity heat production hydrogen production, which comprises a smart management system, a green energy production system, an energy storage system and a hydrogen production and hydrogenation system, the smart management system comprises a monitoring and management module, an energy collaborative control module and a hydrogen production load control module; the green energy production system comprises a solar photovoltaic assembly and a wind turbine generator set; the energy storage system comprises a solid heat storage subsystem and an integrated charging pile device of energy storage and release; the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system comprises a metal water vapor cracking hydrogen production subsystem and a high-pressure hydrogen storage hydrogenation subsystem; wherein the monitoring and management module is used for collecting and transmitting the operation data of the energy production equipment, the energy storage device and the energy consumption equipment in the station to a central monitoring platform in real time, the energy collaborative control module is used for controlling the coordinated optimization of the green energy production system and the energy storage system, and the hydrogen production load control module is used for controlling the optimized management and safety of the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system.

[0007] Optionally, the energy collaborative control module realizes dynamic coordinated control of the energy storage system based on an optimization algorithm of model predictive control, and according to the current state of the energy storage system, future prediction and a set target function, the optimal control input is calculated online.

[0008] Optionally, the hydrogen production load control module accurately predicts the real-time hydrogen demand of the hydrogenation station based on a traffic flow prediction model, and automatically adjusts the operation parameters of the metal water vapor cracking hydrogen production subsystem according to the predicted hydrogen demand and the real-time energy supply situation.

[0009] Optionally, the hydrogen production load control module automatically adjusts the operation parameters of the metal water vapor cracking hydrogen production subsystem according to the predicted hydrogen demand and the real-time energy supply situation, and executes the following adjustment strategy: when the hydrogen demand is low, the steam flow and the consumption of the metal cracking agent are reduced to reduce the hydrogen production amount, so as to reduce the energy consumption and the hydrogen storage pressure; when the hydrogen demand is high, the steam flow and the cracking agent reaction rate are automatically increased to improve the hydrogen production efficiency; when the hydrogen production amount still cannot meet the peak demand, the hydrogen storage tank is automatically opened for hydrogen supplement.

[0010] Optionally, the monitoring and management module collects and transmits the operation data of the energy production equipment, the energy storage device and the energy consumption equipment in the station to the central monitoring platform in real time through an integrated sensor network, the central monitoring platform displays various operation data through a visual interface, performs data analysis and trend prediction, so as to assist the management personnel in system maintenance and remote fault diagnosis.

[0011] Optionally, the total installed capacity of the green energy production system is the sum of the installed capacities of the solar photovoltaic assembly and the wind turbine generator set, which is used for comprehensively evaluating the meteorological data of the region where the traffic energy supply station is located, and the total installed capacity is configured in the range of 200kW~1000kW.

[0012] Optionally, the solid heat storage subsystem adopts a solid heat storage material with high heat storage density, high temperature resistance and strong thermal stability, and the target heat storage temperature range is 180-250 DEG C. The total heat storage capacity of the solid heat storage subsystem is designed according to the daily average steam demand of the traffic energy supply station and the heat supply period. The electric energy storage and release integrated charging pile device is configured with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack as an electricity storage unit, with a capacity of 200 kWh, a charging and discharging efficiency of 92% or more, and a cycle life of 5000 times.

[0013] Optionally, the metal cracking water vapor hydrogen production subsystem uses saturated water vapor output by the solid heat storage subsystem to produce hydrogen, and the flow rate can be adjusted in the range of 300-800 kg / h. The crude hydrogen gas produced by the metal cracking water vapor hydrogen production subsystem is purified by pressure swing adsorption to ensure that the hydrogen concentration is greater than 99.9%.

[0014] Optionally, the high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogenation subsystem adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank with a storage pressure of 350 bar or 700 bar. The capacity of the hydrogen storage device is designed according to the daily vehicle flow and hydrogen demand of the service area, and the general reserve amount is 1.5-2 times the daily demand to ensure continuous hydrogen supply.

[0015] Optionally, the high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogenation subsystem is also equipped with a high-pressure filling gun for rapid high-pressure hydrogenation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0016] In summary, the present application realizes the near-zero carbon operation of the traffic energy supply station by integrating the intelligent management system, the green energy production system, the energy storage system and the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system. The intelligent management system optimizes the collaborative work of each system using real-time data and prediction algorithms to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce operating costs. The green energy production system combines wind and solar power generation to reduce carbon emissions and reduce dependence on traditional power grids. The energy storage system uses a combination of heat storage and electricity storage to smooth the intermittency of wind and solar power and ensure the stability of energy supply. The metal cracking water vapor hydrogen production technology reduces costs and improves safety, and the present production and present use mode further reduces storage and transportation risks. Overall, the present application improves the efficiency, economy and environmental friendliness of the energy supply station. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art according to these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is the overall architecture diagram of the near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on the key technology integration of wind-solar-thermal hydrogen production of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 The working principle schematic diagram of each system in the near-zero carbon traffic energy supply station based on the wind and light electricity hydrogen production key technology integration of the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0021] In order to facilitate understanding, before the specific embodiments of the application are described in detail, the prior art of the application is exemplarily described.

[0022] Under the current production conditions, the existing technology for the zero-carbon highway traffic energy supply station is mainly the comprehensive utilization of electric energy (CN116316842A), mainly clean energy power generation, and direct power supply from the power grid in areas where wind and light resources are insufficient and wind and light power generation devices are not fully utilized and difficult to be equipped. If the clean energy power generation efficiency is high, it cannot be fully utilized, and the situation of abandoned wind and electricity may occur, which to some extent wastes natural renewable resources.

[0023] Compared with electricity storage, heat storage has lower cost, higher energy conversion efficiency, higher safety and longer service life. Whether from economic benefit or environmental benefit, heat storage has obvious advantages. Although the current technology is difficult to realize large-scale electricity storage, it still occupies the main position as the main energy utilization form of hydrogen production. The current traffic energy supply station mainly relies on battery electricity storage, and the hydrogenation station with clean energy comprehensive utilization also appears (CN113085622A). However, the hydrogen storage technology is not mature, the safety requirement of high-pressure container is extremely high, and problems such as container pressure resistance, fatigue resistance, leakage prevention need to be solved to prevent hydrogen leakage from causing explosion and other safety accidents. The hydrogen storage material and related equipment have high manufacturing cost, which is difficult to meet large-scale storage, and the hydrogen production and storage link is relatively independent, which is disconnected from the actual application scene, and it is impossible to adjust the load according to the actual vehicle energy utilization. In some energy supply stations with heat storage systems, heat storage is often used to meet heating and heat demand (CN113834240A). The application innovatively applies heat energy to hydrogen production by using new hydrogen production technology, which greatly optimizes the energy structure of the comprehensive energy supply station.

[0024] To address the aforementioned technical limitations, this invention utilizes green hydrogen, a clean energy source, which can significantly reduce reliance on electricity. Furthermore, most of my country's electricity still comes from highly polluting fossil fuels. Since this invention employs wind and solar power generation, it breaks free from the constraints of fossil fuels. With the widespread adoption of this model, it can greatly alleviate pressure on the power grid, truly achieving a zero-carbon goal. The only byproduct of hydrogen combustion or the reaction through a fuel cell is water; it does not produce harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, lead compounds, or particulate matter.

[0025] This invention's green energy production system features day-night complementarity. Photovoltaic power generation provides the main power output during the day when sunlight is strong, while wind power generation compensates for insufficient photovoltaic power generation at night or on cloudy or rainy days when wind energy is strong. Furthermore, surplus electricity generated during the day from photovoltaic power generation and surplus electricity generated at night from wind power generation are stored for use during peak electricity demand periods, avoiding energy curtailment caused by insufficient or excessive power generation. Peak shaving and valley filling allow surplus energy to be stored during off-peak hours (such as at night) and released during peak hours (such as when equipment is running at full load during the day), optimizing the matching of power supply and demand. Through wind-solar complementarity, the problem of volatility from a single energy source can be alleviated, significantly improving the overall system's power generation utilization rate.

[0026] This invention presents an energy storage system primarily designed for solid-state thermal energy storage, replacing large-scale electrical energy storage. The solid-state thermal energy storage subsystem features relatively simple equipment and lower construction costs. Utilizing low-priced electricity during off-peak hours for heating and energy storage further reduces operating costs. Furthermore, the lifespan of solid-state thermal storage media is typically long, resulting in low replacement costs. In contrast, batteries in electrical energy storage systems have limited lifespans, higher replacement costs, and energy losses during charging and discharging increase operating costs. In applications such as heating and hot water supply in service areas, solid-state thermal energy storage directly converts stored thermal energy into the required heat. The energy conversion process is simple and direct, with minimal heat loss and high energy utilization efficiency.

[0027] The hydrogen production method of this invention utilizes thermal energy to heat steam and react it with a metal cracking agent to produce hydrogen. It does not rely on electricity and can replace energy storage devices with more efficient, lower-cost, and longer-lasting thermal storage devices. This technology has wide applications and a significant cost advantage. On-site production of high-purity hydrogen is suitable for hydrogen refueling stations and various hydrogen usage scenarios, with a cost superior to other hydrogen production methods. The equipment is flexible and cost-controllable. The hydrogen production equipment is skid-mounted, allowing for flexible application based on actual site conditions. It has a small footprint and relatively low manufacturing cost, with a payback period of 2-3 years for users. The equipment is designed for a 15-year lifespan. On-site hydrogen production allows for immediate use without the need for transportation and storage, greatly reducing transportation and storage costs and risks. It is safe, stable, and pollution-free, offering significant advantages in both economic and environmental aspects.

[0028] This patented intelligent management system achieves intelligent and coordinated control of wind and solar power generation, thermal and electrical energy storage, and hydrogen production and refueling systems through real-time monitoring and data analysis (sensor network collects operational data), dynamic algorithm optimization and prediction of wind and solar power generation and demand, coordinated energy storage charging and discharging, and LSTM traffic flow prediction. This significantly improves energy utilization and forms an efficient and economical closed-loop control system.

[0029] Specifically, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The near-zero carbon transportation energy supply station based on the integration of key technologies for wind and solar power generation and hydrogen production in this invention consists of an intelligent management system, a green energy production system, an energy storage system, and a hydrogen production and refueling system.

[0030] 1. Intelligent Management System The intelligent management system consists of a monitoring and management module, a hydrogen production load control module, and an energy coordinated control module.

[0031] 1.1 Monitoring and Management Module: By integrating a sensor network (e.g., photovoltaic power sensor, wind speed sensor, energy storage battery SOC sensor, thermal storage medium temperature sensor, hydrogen flow / pressure sensor) and a communication module, the module collects and transmits real-time operating data of all energy production equipment (wind and solar power generation equipment), energy storage devices (thermal storage system, energy storage charging pile), and energy consumption equipment (charging pile, hydrogen production and refueling system, user electrical equipment and facilities) within the station to the central monitoring platform.

[0032] The monitoring content includes, but is not limited to, key parameters such as: photovoltaic power generation (kW), wind turbine power (kW), energy storage capacity (kWh), charging current (A) and voltage (V), thermal storage medium temperature (°C), hydrogen production rate (kg / h), and hydrogen storage pressure (bar).

[0033] The platform displays various data through a visual interface and features data analysis and trend prediction capabilities to assist administrators in system maintenance and remote fault diagnosis. It also enables self-service charging and billing for charging stations, allowing users to view the charging station's status and charges in real time via a mobile app or electronic display screen.

[0034] 1.2 Energy Coordination and Control Module: This module is used to control the coordinated optimization of green energy production systems and energy storage systems.

[0035] The optimization algorithm based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used to achieve dynamic and coordinated control of the energy storage system. MPC uses an internal model to predict the system's behavior over a period of time. In each control cycle, MPC calculates a series of optimal control inputs (such as energy storage charging and discharging commands, hydrogen production system operating parameters) online based on the current system state and future predictions (e.g., predicted wind power generation, traffic flow) and the set objective function (e.g., minimizing cost, maximizing renewable energy utilization, maintaining system stability).

[0036] Based on the differences in the distribution of wind and solar resources during the day and night and the real-time changes in energy demand at transportation energy supply stations, MPC can dynamically optimize the operation strategy of wind and solar power generation systems to maximize the utilization rate of renewable energy (e.g., wind and solar curtailment rate is less than 2%), minimize the amount of electricity purchased from the external grid, and ensure energy stability and economy.

[0037] By predicting future wind and solar power generation and on-site energy demand, MPC can plan the charging and discharging strategies of energy storage systems (electrical and thermal storage) in advance, and send load control signals to the hydrogen production and refueling load regulation module. During peak electricity demand periods or when grid electricity prices are high, the system can release the electrical energy stored in the batteries and utilize the thermal energy provided by the thermal storage system to reduce dependence on grid power or expensive on-site power generation, thereby reducing peak grid load and operating costs.

[0038] During periods of low electricity demand or when grid electricity prices are low, and when renewable energy generation is abundant, the module can actively use excess electrical energy to charge the battery and store excess heat energy in a thermal storage system. This not only stores energy but also helps balance grid load, improving efficiency and economic benefits.

[0039] 1.3 Hydrogen production load control module: This module is used to control the optimization management and safety of the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system. Based on advanced traffic flow prediction models (such as LSTM networks), the real-time hydrogen demand of hydrogen refueling stations can be accurately predicted.

[0040] Considering multiple energy constraints, including but not limited to the heat available from the thermal storage system, the state of charge (SOC) range of the electrical storage system, and the pressure limitations of the hydrogen storage tank (e.g., 350 bar or 700 bar), the operating parameters of the metal pyrolysis steam hydrogen production system are automatically adjusted based on the predicted hydrogen load and real-time energy supply, implementing the following adjustment strategy: When hydrogen demand is low, reducing steam flow and metal cracking agent consumption can decrease hydrogen production, thereby reducing energy consumption and hydrogen storage pressure.

[0041] When hydrogen demand is high, the steam flow rate and the reaction rate of the cracking agent are automatically increased to improve hydrogen production efficiency.

[0042] When hydrogen production is still insufficient to meet peak demand, the hydrogen storage tank will be automatically opened to supplement hydrogen supply.

[0043] The module actively manages the pressure in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (350 bar or 700 bar) and the pressure during the refueling process to ensure efficient and safe hydrogen refueling. The control strategy can optimize the hydrogen flow rate during the refueling process (e.g., 2 kg / min) to balance rapid refueling with system stability and safety limitations. During peak demand periods, the system can manage the hydrogen refueling queue or prioritize specific vehicle models to optimize throughput.

[0044] 2. Green Energy Production System Green energy production systems include solar photovoltaic modules and wind turbine generators.

[0045] The total installed capacity of the green energy production system is the sum of the installed capacities of solar photovoltaic modules and wind turbines. This total installed capacity allows for a comprehensive assessment of meteorological data in the area where the transportation energy supply station is located, including key indicators such as annual sunshine duration, solar radiation intensity, and average wind speed. Analysis of sunshine duration and solar radiation intensity estimates the potential for solar-powered energy generation, while wind speed data determines the location and efficiency of the wind turbines. Based on this, the power demand of the transportation energy supply station is calculated according to the electricity consumption and operating modes of major load equipment such as lighting systems, electric vehicle charging stations, monitoring equipment, and air conditioning. The average daily power consumption and peak load are calculated based on the load demand, and the capacity of the solar photovoltaic modules and wind turbines is planned. Configurations are typically within the range of 200kW to 1000kW, and installation locations can utilize building rooftops, parking shed roofs, or vacant land. The installation tilt angle of the solar photovoltaic modules is optimized based on the local latitude and sunshine angle. The average daily power generation and peak power on sunny days need to be calculated based on the actual configuration. The site selection for wind turbine generators should be in areas with high wind speeds and no obstructions, such as open areas or high ground around transportation energy supply stations.

[0046] 3. Energy storage system The energy storage system includes a solid thermal storage subsystem and an integrated charging pile device for electrical energy storage and discharging.

[0047] 3.1 Solid thermal storage subsystem: Employs solid thermal storage materials with high thermal density, high temperature resistance, and strong thermal stability (e.g., magnesia bricks). The thermal storage unit is constructed using composite materials, with a target storage temperature range of 180℃ to 250℃ and an optimal storage temperature of 200℃. The total heat storage capacity can be designed based on the average daily steam demand and heating periods of the transportation energy supply station (e.g., a daily steam demand of 500 kg / h could result in a total heat storage capacity of 200 MWh). The storage unit is encased in insulation to minimize heat loss. When steam is needed, water flows through a heat exchanger to exchange heat with the high-temperature storage material, generating saturated steam at 160℃ (pressure 0.65 MPa), which is then piped to the hydrogen production and refueling system or other heat-consuming equipment.

[0048] 3.2 Integrated charging pile device for energy storage and discharging: Equipped with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack as the energy storage unit, with a capacity of 200kWh, a charge and discharge efficiency of ≥92%, and a cycle life of 5000 times.

[0049] Energy storage mode: During periods of low electricity prices or when wind and solar power generation is in surplus, the clean energy power generation system stores electrical energy in the battery modules of the charging pile.

[0050] Charging mode: When the vehicle needs to be charged, the control unit controls the charging port module to work, and the power unit selects an appropriate power source to provide power to the charging port based on the power status of the battery module and the generator module, so as to charge the vehicle.

[0051] Discharge mode: During peak electricity price periods, stored electrical energy can be discharged to the grid to achieve peak shaving and valley filling, thereby reducing operating costs.

[0052] 4. Hydrogen production and hydrogenation system The hydrogen production and hydrogenation system includes a metal cracking steam hydrogen production subsystem and a high-pressure hydrogen storage and hydrogenation subsystem.

[0053] 4.1 Metal Cracking Steam Hydrogen Production Subsystem: The core equipment is a skid-mounted metal cracking hydrogen production reactor. It utilizes 160℃ saturated steam (0.65MPa pressure) output from a thermal storage system, with an adjustable flow rate from 300kg / h to 800kg / h, and an optimal flow rate of 500kg / h. The hydrogen yield can reach over 85%.

[0054] Furthermore, when sunlight is abundant, solar collectors can be used directly to convert heat energy for auxiliary heating, ensuring a stable steam supply. The generated crude hydrogen gas is purified using PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) or other membrane separation technologies to ensure a hydrogen concentration greater than 99.9%.

[0055] 4.2 High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage and Refueling Subsystem: Utilizing high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, the storage pressure can reach 350 bar or 700 bar. The capacity of the hydrogen storage unit is designed based on the average daily vehicle traffic flow and hydrogen demand in the service area, generally storing 1.5 to 2 times the daily demand to ensure continuous hydrogen supply. The hydrogen storage unit is located at least 15-25 meters away from public areas; the specific distance is determined based on the hydrogen storage capacity and pressure, and it is zoned with other equipment such as hydrogen refueling machines and compressors to avoid cascading risks. Equipped with a high-pressure refueling nozzle, it enables rapid high-pressure refueling of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0056] Example: Typical Implementation Plan for Service Areas in North China 1. Green production system configuration (1) Photovoltaic power generation modules: Monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are installed on the roofs of the service area and parking sheds, with a total installed capacity of 500kW. Based on the latitude of North China (approximately 38°N), the fixed tilt angle is set at 38°, dynamically adjusted to 25° in summer and 50° in winter to maximize solar radiation reception efficiency. The photovoltaic system generates approximately 2500kWh per day, with a peak power of up to 480kW on sunny days.

[0057] (2) Wind turbine generator sets: Two vertical axis wind turbine generators are installed in the open area around the service area. Each unit has a rated power of 100kW, a cut-in wind speed of 3m / s, and a rated wind speed of 12m / s. The average annual wind speed is 5.2m / s, and the average daily power generation is about 800kWh.

[0058] (3) Wind and solar synergy and complementarity: The power generation of wind and solar power is monitored in real time through the intelligent management system. During the day, photovoltaic power contributes 80% of the electricity, and at night the proportion of wind power increases to 60%, achieving seamless connection of energy between day and night.

[0059] 2. Energy storage system operating parameters (1) Thermal storage unit: using magnesia bricks ( Composite materials are used as the heat storage medium, with a heat storage density of 1.2 MJ / kg, a designed heat storage temperature of 200℃, and a total heat storage capacity of 200 MWh. During off-peak hours (23:00-7:00), surplus wind and solar power is used to heat the heat storage material, and during the day, 160℃ steam is generated through a heat exchanger for hydrogen production.

[0060] (2) Energy storage system: Equipped with a 200kWh lithium iron phosphate battery pack for emergency power replenishment and peak shaving of charging piles. The energy storage system has a charge-discharge efficiency of ≥92% and a cycle life of 5000 cycles.

[0061] 3. Hydrogen production and hydrogenation system process (1) Hydrogen production process: Steam preparation: The thermal storage system outputs 160℃ saturated steam (pressure 0.65MPa) at a flow rate of 500kg / h.

[0062] Metal pyrolysis reaction: steam and composite metal pyrolysis agent ( The catalyst undergoes cracking in the reactor at a reaction temperature of 180°C, with a hydrogen yield of ≥85% and a purity of 99.2%. Hydrogen purification and pressurization: After purification by molecular sieve adsorption, the hydrogen concentration is increased to 99.95%, and then pressurized to 350 bar by a compressor and stored in a hydrogen storage tank.

[0063] (2) Hydrogen refueling capacity: The total capacity of the hydrogen storage tank is 300 kg, which can meet the daily demand of 50 hydrogen-powered trucks (6 kg refueling per truck). The flow rate of the hydrogen refueling machine is 2 kg / min, and the refueling time is ≤5 minutes.

[0064] 4. Intelligent Management System Strategy (1) Wind and solar coordinated regulation: Dynamically adjust the priority of energy storage according to the weather forecast. For example, if it is predicted to be cloudy and rainy the next day, prioritize thermal storage at night; if it is predicted to be sunny, increase the proportion of electricity storage.

[0065] (2) Load forecasting and scheduling: Based on historical traffic flow data, the system predicts hydrogen refueling demand 2 hours in advance and adjusts the hydrogen production rate accordingly. The measured scheduling error is ≤10%.

[0066] (3) Fault diagnosis: Temperature and pressure sensors monitor the status of hydrogen production equipment in real time. When abnormal, the backup hydrogen storage tank is automatically switched. The fault response time is less than 30 seconds.

[0067] 5. Test Results Energy self-sufficiency rate: Wind and solar power generation covers 92% of the total electricity demand in the service area, reducing grid dependence to 8%. Hydrogen production cost: After considering the overall energy consumption, the cost of hydrogen is reduced to 18.5 yuan / kg (the cost of hydrogen production by traditional water electrolysis is about 35 yuan / kg). Carbon emissions: Reduced throughout the year Emissions are approximately 1,200 tons, a 98% reduction compared to hydrogen production from traditional fossil fuels.

[0068] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The near-zero carbon transportation energy supply station based on the key technologies of wind and solar power generation and hydrogen production of the present invention includes an intelligent management system, a green energy production system, an energy storage system, and a hydrogen production and refueling system. The present invention can automatically monitor the energy production and usage in the station and feed back the equipment status and energy data to the control center. Operators can maintain the transportation energy supply station system in a timely manner based on real-time data. The system can remotely diagnose the faults of each system, reduce the number of on-site inspections, reduce labor costs, and significantly improve the working efficiency of the energy supply station. The data collected by the integrated sensors will be transmitted to the central control center. Through the built-in MPC and LSTM prediction programs of the system, different unit control modules will be adjusted to automatically optimize the configuration of energy production and storage links, improve the efficiency of green energy production and usage, reduce wind and electricity curtailment, and intelligently control the load of the hydrogen system. On the basis of meeting the basic needs of users, the system can control the input of energy and fuel in the hydrogen production process to achieve cost and efficiency optimization. In addition, when facing overloaded passenger flow, an emergency strategy will be activated to call up the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank to ensure the stable operation of the hydrogen refueling station. The transportation energy replenishment station system can also collect user feedback and evaluations, and service areas can continuously improve their services based on this information to further enhance service quality.

[0069] (2) The green energy production system of this invention has advantages in reducing pollution and carbon emissions compared to traditional fossil fuel power generation. This green energy production system utilizes renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power to generate electricity. During the power generation process, no greenhouse gases, pollutants, or waste are produced, significantly reducing carbon emissions compared to traditional grid energy sources that primarily rely on fossil fuels (such as coal-fired power and natural gas power). Wind and solar power generation facilities can be installed in a distributed manner; for example, photovoltaic modules can be installed on rooftops, parking sheds, open spaces, etc., and micro-wind power generation systems can be deployed in areas with abundant wind resources. Distributed generation is closer to load centers, reducing transmission distance and losses. In remote areas or places with insufficient grid coverage, wind and solar power generation provides a solution for local power supply, reducing dependence on centralized grids. Hydrogen refueling stations can directly meet their electricity needs with self-generated electricity by installing photovoltaic systems or small-scale wind power systems, reducing the cost of purchasing electricity from the grid.

[0070] (3) This invention adopts a multi-terminal complementary energy storage system with thermal storage as the main component and electrical storage as a secondary component. The solid thermal storage system can easily meet the high temperature requirement of 160℃, and operates stably with high thermal density and small footprint, making it suitable for small and medium-sized scenarios such as transportation energy supply stations. In terms of economy, the solid thermal storage system has a greater advantage in operating cost compared to other electric thermal storage systems and is suitable for long-term use. In terms of environmental protection, it can utilize solar energy or industrial waste heat as a heat source, reducing carbon emissions. In addition, this technology has strong applicability and flexible system design, which can be used for steam supply and can also meet other heat energy needs. The solid thermal storage material is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and the system life can reach more than 20 years. Under the peak-valley electricity pricing mechanism, the energy storage system, in conjunction with wind and solar power generation, can store excess electricity for use during off-peak periods, further reducing electricity costs.

[0071] (4) The present invention adopts an integrated electric energy storage and charging pile device. When the power supply is insufficient, it can use its own stored electric energy to charge the vehicle, ensuring the continuity of charging services. It can store electric energy during the off-peak hours of electricity price and use the stored electric energy to charge the vehicle or discharge to the grid during the peak hours of electricity price, reducing charging costs and operating costs. By integrating energy storage and charging functions together, compared with building separate independent energy storage power stations and charging piles, it can reduce the cost investment in equipment procurement, installation and commissioning, land occupation, etc.

[0072] (5) The metal pyrolysis steam hydrogen production technology used in this invention has the advantages of low cost and flexible application compared with other water electrolysis hydrogen production technologies. It innovatively uses thermal steam as an energy source to replace electricity, giving full play to the advantages of low thermal energy cost, high energy utilization rate and low carbon emissions. It avoids the technical difficulties and capital and energy consumption in the use of electricity. The hydrogen production is considerable, and the cost of hydrogen production by the pyrolysis agent is low, with the hydrogen production cost being less than 20 yuan / kg. After mass production, the price can be as low as 15 yuan; the hydrogen production equipment is a skid-mounted device that can be flexibly applied according to the actual site conditions. It occupies a small area and has relatively low manufacturing costs. It is safe, stable, and pollution-free. The hydrogen production process has no emissions and no pollution.

[0073] (6) The hydrogen production and refueling system of this invention operates in an on-demand mode, reducing the drawbacks of traditional hydrogen production technologies. The hydrogen production and refueling processes are carried out at the same refueling station, saving transportation costs and significantly reducing storage costs, while almost simultaneously avoiding the potential risks in both processes. Hydrogen has a very low density at room temperature and pressure, approximately 0.08988 g / L, far lower than that of liquid or solid fuels. This means that if sufficient hydrogen is to be stored in a relatively small space, high-pressure storage, liquid storage, or solid storage must be used to increase the storage density. The technical requirements for hydrogen storage make it costly. Moreover, hydrogen storage also requires supporting infrastructure such as hydrogen refueling stations and transportation pipelines, which are costly to construct and require long-term investment. The on-demand operation mode of this invention saves on storage and transportation costs and reduces the risks of leakage, explosion, and corrosion of storage materials.

[0074] (7) This invention utilizes wind and solar power in conjunction with an energy storage system, which can improve the stability and reliability of energy supply. Wind and solar power generation is greatly affected by weather and seasonal changes, and may be intermittent and fluctuating. Energy storage systems (such as battery energy storage systems) can store excess electricity when there is over-generation and release the stored electricity when there is under-generation, smoothing power output and ensuring the stability of the power grid and the reliability of power supply. It can also avoid the phenomenon of wind and solar curtailment, so that wind and solar power generation will not be wasted due to insufficient grid absorption capacity, and improve energy efficiency.

[0075] Specific embodiments of the invention have now been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions described in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing can be advantageous.

[0076] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A near-zero carbon transportation energy supply station based on key technology integration of wind-solar electricity hydrogen production, characterized in that, The intelligent management system, the green energy production system, the energy storage system and the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system are comprised; The intelligent management system comprises a monitoring and management module, an energy collaborative regulation module and a hydrogen production load regulation module; The green energy production system comprises a solar photovoltaic assembly and a wind turbine generator set; The energy storage system comprises a solid heat storage subsystem and an electric energy storage and discharge integrated charging pile device; The hydrogen production and hydrogenation system comprises a metal water vapor cracking hydrogen production subsystem and a high-pressure hydrogen storage hydrogenation subsystem; The monitoring and management module is configured to collect and transmit the operation data of the energy production equipment, the energy storage device and the energy consumption equipment in the station to a central monitoring platform in real time, the energy collaborative regulation module is configured to control the coordinated optimization of the green energy production system and the energy storage system, and the hydrogen production load regulation module is configured to control the optimized management and safety of the hydrogen production and hydrogenation system.

2. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 1, wherein, The energy collaborative regulation module realizes dynamic coordinated control of the energy storage system based on the optimization algorithm of model predictive control, and calculates the optimal control input online according to the current state of the energy storage system, the future prediction and the set target function.

3. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 1, wherein, The hydrogen production load regulation module accurately predicts the real-time hydrogen demand of the hydrogenation station based on a traffic flow prediction model, and automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the metal water vapor cracking hydrogen production subsystem according to the predicted hydrogen demand and the real-time energy supply.

4. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 3, wherein, The hydrogen production load regulation module automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the metal water vapor cracking hydrogen production subsystem according to the predicted hydrogen demand and the real-time energy supply, and executes the following adjustment strategies: When the hydrogen demand is low, reduce the steam flow and the consumption of the metal cracking agent to reduce the hydrogen production, thereby reducing the energy consumption and the hydrogen storage pressure; When the hydrogen demand is high, automatically increase the steam flow and the cracking agent reaction rate to improve the hydrogen production efficiency; When the hydrogen production still cannot meet the peak demand, automatically open the hydrogen storage tank for supplementary hydrogen supply.

5. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 1, wherein, The monitoring and management module collects and transmits the operation data of the energy production equipment, the energy storage device and the energy consumption equipment in the station to the central monitoring platform in real time through an integrated sensor network, the central monitoring platform displays various operation data through a visual interface, performs data analysis and trend prediction to assist the management personnel in system maintenance and remote fault diagnosis.

6. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 1, wherein, The total installed capacity of the green energy production system is the sum of the installed capacities of the solar photovoltaic assembly and the wind turbine generator set, which is used to comprehensively evaluate the meteorological data of the area where the traffic energy supply station is located, and the total installed capacity is configured in the range of 200kW~1000kW.

7. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 6, wherein, The solid heat storage subsystem adopts a solid heat storage material with high heat storage density, high temperature resistance and strong thermal stability, and the design target heat storage temperature range is 180℃~250℃, the total heat storage capacity of the solid heat storage subsystem is designed according to the daily average steam demand and the heat consumption period of the traffic energy supply station, the electric energy storage and discharge integrated charging pile device is configured with a lithium iron phosphate battery pack as the electric energy storage unit, the capacity is 200kWh, the charging and discharging efficiency is ≥92%, and the cycle life is 5000 times.

8. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 7, wherein, The metal cracking water vapor hydrogen production subsystem utilizes saturated water vapor hydrogen production output by the solid heat storage subsystem, and the flow rate is adjustable in the range of 300kg / h~800kg / h, the crude hydrogen gas generated by the metal cracking water vapor hydrogen production subsystem is purified by pressure swing adsorption to ensure that the hydrogen concentration is greater than 99.9%.

9. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 1, wherein, The high-pressure hydrogen storage hydrogenation subsystem adopts a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, the storage pressure reaches 350bar or 700bar, the capacity of the hydrogen storage device is designed according to the daily vehicle flow and hydrogen demand of the service area, and the general reserve amount is 1.5~2 times of the daily demand to ensure continuous hydrogen supply.

10. The near-zero carbon transportation energy refueling station of claim 9, wherein, The high-pressure hydrogen storage hydrogenation subsystem is also equipped with a high-pressure filling gun for rapid high-pressure hydrogen filling for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

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