Preparation method of marine fraction fuel oil

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of marine fraction fuel oil, and relates to the technical field of petroleum refining. The preparation method of the marine fraction fuel oil comprises the following steps: step 1, enabling oil gas to sequentially flow through a catalyst bed layer in a hydrogenation reactor, and carrying out a desulfurization / denitrification / dearomatization process; and 2, forming a cold hydrogen rotational flow interface in the hydrogenation reactor, fully cooling and contacting with the oil gas, and dynamically adjusting the cold hydrogen input quantity and the cold hydrogen rotational flow intensity in response to the fluctuation of the oil gas flow rate to form a rotational flow interface matched with the dynamic fluctuation of the oil gas. When oil gas sequentially passes through a catalyst bed layer, cold hydrogen forms a spiral interface and is fully combined with the oil gas for cooling through the arrangement of the cold hydrogen distribution assembly, and the cold hydrogen distribution assembly can synchronously respond to the flow rate of the oil gas and dynamically adjust the cold hydrogen input amount and the rotational flow strength of the cold hydrogen, so that the cold hydrogen forms a dynamic rotational flow interface; therefore, the catalytic reaction state during dynamic fluctuating flow of the oil gas is adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum refining technology, specifically to a method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil. Background Technology

[0002] Marine distillate fuel oil is generally produced by frequently distilling crude oil under reduced pressure to obtain the middle fraction, followed by hydrorefining / upgrading and blending. Hydrorefining, as one of the preparation processes for marine distillate fuel oil, optimizes the chemical composition of the fuel oil, directly improves combustion efficiency, and reduces the energy consumption of the ship's propulsion system. For example, Chinese patent CN110229686A discloses a low-sulfur marine distillate fuel oil and its preparation method. This method involves fractionating the deep-processed oil products obtained from direct liquefaction of pulverized coal into A-1 base oil (180–380℃) or A-2 base oil (160–340℃), thus obtaining low-sulfur marine distillate fuel oil. Then, pulverized coal, solvent oil, and catalyst are mixed in a ratio of 100:90–130:0.1–2 to form an oil-coal slurry. This oil-coal slurry is then subjected to a direct liquefaction reaction to obtain liquefied intermediate oil. Finally, the intermediate oil is subjected to fixed-bed hydrorefining to obtain clean, deep-processed oil products.

[0003] Therefore, fixed-bed hydrotreating has become an important refining process in the preparation of marine distillate fuel oil. By treating the oil and gas through fixed-bed hydrotreating, the sulfur content of marine distillate fuel oil can be reduced to meet environmental regulations, while simultaneously improving the combustion performance, stability, and safety of the oil, ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the ship's power system. For example, Chinese patent CN114479936B discloses a coal tar hydrotreating reactor. This type of device solves the problem that most existing coal tar hydrotreating technologies directly process and hydrogenate coal tar without pretreatment, resulting in a lot of impurities in the coal tar, insufficient hydrogenation treatment, failure to meet temperature requirements, reduced efficiency of coal tar hydrotreating, and cumbersome operation and inconvenience.

[0004] In the hydrotreating process of marine distillate fuel oil, the reaction between the oil and gas and the catalyst bed releases heat and raises the temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to use cold hydrogen to cool the reacted oil and gas to prevent the oil temperature from becoming too high and sintering the lower catalyst bed. However, in existing hydrotreating reactors, the cold hydrogen is mostly discharged in a fixed manner, which results in a limited combination efficiency between cold hydrogen and oil and gas. Moreover, due to the dynamic fluctuation of the oil and gas flow rate, local overheating can easily occur due to insufficient cooling of the oil and gas. When this occurs, it can cause local sintering of the catalyst bed, preventing catalytic reaction. Over time, this leads to a gradual decrease in the catalytic reaction rate of the oil and gas, and a significant reduction in the service life of the catalyst bed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Crude oil is frequently fractionated by vacuum distillation to obtain medium and heavy distillate oil and gas, which is then pumped into a hydrotreating reactor. The oil and gas flow sequentially through the catalyst bed in the hydrotreating reactor to carry out desulfurization / denitrification / dearomatics removal processes. Step 2: A cold hydrogen swirling interface is formed in the hydrogenation reactor to fully cool and contact the oil and gas. In response to fluctuations in the oil and gas flow rate, the cold hydrogen input and cold hydrogen swirling intensity are dynamically adjusted to form a swirling interface that matches the dynamic fluctuations of the oil and gas. While the oil and gas swirling is cooling, the internal impurities are self-cleaned. Step 3: After hydrogenation, the oil and gas products enter the fractionation tower and are cut into different fractions according to the temperature range. The fraction that meets the requirements for marine fuel is selected and blended to form the final marine fuel.

[0007] Furthermore, a cold hydrogen chamber is formed between adjacent catalyst beds, and a cold hydrogen distribution assembly is arranged within the cold hydrogen chamber. The cold hydrogen distribution assembly includes: a cold hydrogen distribution ring arranged within the cold hydrogen chamber; cold hydrogen pipes arranged radially inside the cold hydrogen distribution ring, wherein each set of cold hydrogen pipes has at least one cold hydrogen outlet in its axial direction; a swirl plate sleeved on the cold hydrogen pipes, and having at least one set of sealing rings along its axial direction, wherein the sealing rings are sleeved on the opening of the cold hydrogen outlet; and a centrifugal drive structure arranged within the cold hydrogen pipes, used to adjust the opening and closing degree of the cold hydrogen outlet and simultaneously adjust the blade tilt angle of the swirl plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the centrifugal drive structure includes: a sliding shaft slidably installed inside the cold hydrogen pipe; a rotating shaft sleeved on the sliding shaft, and at least one set thereof, with a rotating stop on one side of the rotating shaft, wherein the rotating stop passes through the cold hydrogen outlet and is fixedly connected to the cyclone plate; a groove is formed on the inner wall of the rotating shaft, and a sliding buckle is provided in the axial direction of the sliding shaft, which can slide along the groove to convert the linear motion of the sliding shaft into the rotational motion of the rotating shaft, thereby adjusting the opening degree of the cold hydrogen outlet and the blade tilt angle of the cyclone plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the cold hydrogen distribution assembly also includes: a centrifugal disc, arranged below the cyclone plate, wherein a centrifugal paddle is provided at the center of the centrifugal disc, a filter screen is provided at the edge of the centrifugal disc, and a scale accumulation groove is formed at the edge of the filter screen; and a flow guide plate, which is separately arranged between the centrifugal paddle and the filter screen, and can be deflected towards the filter screen.

[0010] Furthermore, a support structure is provided below the flow guide plate to provide its self-oscillating movement. The support structure includes: a housing located below the flow guide plate; an oscillating shaft, which is separately arranged around the housing, wherein the top end of the oscillating shaft is fixedly connected to the flow guide plate, and the bottom end of the oscillating shaft is provided with an oscillating gear; a first ring frame, which is slidably installed inside the housing and has a reset rack separately arranged around its circumference, the reset rack meshing with the oscillating gear; the housing also has at least one set of first reset springs, and the first ring frame has a first reset slider, the first reset slider applying a compressive reset force to the first reset springs.

[0011] Furthermore, the centrifugal disc and the swirl plate rotate synchronously by a driven shaft located in the middle of the disc. A drive shaft is also provided on one side of the centrifugal disc, and a drive gear is provided axially on the drive shaft, which meshes with a driven gear ring located on the outer edge of the centrifugal disc.

[0012] Furthermore, a cleaning structure is provided above the opening of the scale buildup tank to treat the impurities inside, so that the impurities in the scale buildup tank can be self-cleaned by the cleaning structure under the action of pressure difference.

[0013] Furthermore, the cleaning structure includes: a fixed base, fixedly connected to the hydrogenation reactor, with a pressure relief pipe rotatably installed in the middle of the fixed base; a dust collection pipe, located at one end of the pressure relief pipe, with a dust collection opening formed at the bottom port of the dust collection pipe, and a cover provided above the port of the dust collection opening, wherein the pressure relief pipe can drive the dust collection pipe to rotate and sway, so that the dust collection opening contacts the bottom of the scale tank from time to time; and a pressure relief valve, located at the other end of the pressure relief pipe, and rotates and seals with the pressure relief pipe through a sealing ring.

[0014] Furthermore, the cleaning structure also includes: a second ring frame, which is arranged circumferentially around the pressure relief pipe, a second return spring is sleeved on the second ring frame, and a second return slider sleeved on the second ring frame is provided at the other end of the second return spring; the pressure relief pipe is provided with a push handle in the axial direction, and the push handle is fixedly connected to the second return slider.

[0015] Furthermore, a flow equalization mesh disk is also provided below the centrifugal disk, and the flow equalization mesh disk has a conical structure.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil involves setting up a cold hydrogen distribution component to form a spiral interface between the cold hydrogen and the oil and gas when the oil and gas pass through the catalyst bed in sequence. The cold hydrogen distribution component can synchronously respond to the oil and gas flow rate and dynamically adjust the cold hydrogen input amount and its swirling intensity, so that the cold hydrogen forms a dynamic swirling interface to adapt to the catalytic reaction state when the oil and gas flow is dynamically fluctuating.

[0017] (2) The preparation method of marine distillate fuel oil, through the rotational combination of cold hydrogen pipe and swirl plate in the cold hydrogen distribution component, can, on the one hand, form cold hydrogen into a swirling state, so that cold hydrogen can be fully combined with oil and gas in a swirling state. On the other hand, based on the cold hydrogen swirling, it can respond to the change of oil and gas flow rate and self-regulate the cold hydrogen input and swirling intensity, so that when the oil and gas flow rate is high, the cold hydrogen input and swirling intensity increase simultaneously, and when the oil and gas flow rate is low, the cold hydrogen input and swirling intensity decrease simultaneously. In a dynamic swirling manner, the incomplete reaction and local overheating caused by the fluctuation of oil and gas flow rate are eliminated.

[0018] (3) The preparation method of marine distillate fuel oil uses a cold hydrogen distribution component to act on the dynamic swirling of the swirl plate. At the same time, the swirl plate swirls the cold hydrogen and the oil and gas form a swirling centrifugal state, which is thrown towards the filter screen. Simultaneously, the cold hydrogen distribution component acts on the rotation drive of the centrifugal disk, so that the centrifugal paddle on the centrifugal disk applies centrifugal force to the falling oil and gas, so that the oil and gas are thrown towards the filter screen at the same time. The fine catalyst powder entrained in the oil and gas is pre-filtered by centrifugal pressure difference, so as to prevent the fine powder from flowing down with the oil and gas and clogging the lower catalyst bed, thus providing a long-term guarantee for the uniform catalytic reaction of the catalyst bed.

[0019] (4) The preparation method of marine distillate fuel oil, when filtering the catalyst fine powder in the oil and gas, uses a swirl plate to act on the oil and gas swirling flow to apply a centrifugal impact to the guide plate, and uses a centrifugal paddle plate to act on the oil and gas swirling flow again to apply a second centrifugal impact to the guide plate. At the same time, the centrifugal disc rotates to apply a third centrifugal impact to the guide plate, so that the guide plate has flexible dynamic swing along the filter screen surface. On the one hand, it forms a dynamic centrifugal guide for the oil and gas, so that the catalyst fine powder in the oil and gas is guided to the scale tank under the dynamic centrifugal impact force change. On the other hand, it forms a scraper action to dynamically scrape the filter screen surface, avoids the catalyst fine powder from being fixedly adhered to the filter screen surface, and ensures the real-time self-cleaning and permeability of the filter screen surface.

[0020] (5) The preparation method of marine distillate fuel oil, by setting a cleaning structure above the scale tank, can complete the periodic self-cleaning of impurities in the scale tank without stopping the machine, ensuring the continuity of oil and gas hydrogenation treatment, while also having simpler and more efficient cleaning characteristics, providing a guarantee for the continuous and stable operation of the hydrogenation reactor.

[0021] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogenation reactor in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hydrogenation reactor in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cold hydrogen distribution component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cold hydrogen distribution component in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the cold hydrogen tube and the cyclone plate in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first combination of the cold hydrogen tube and the cyclone plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second combination of the cold hydrogen tube and the cyclone plate in this invention; Figure 9 This is a first exploded view of the cold hydrogen tube and swirl plate in this invention; Figure 10 This is a second exploded view of the cold hydrogen tube and swirl plate in this invention; Figure 11 This is an assembly diagram of the centrifugal drive structure in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal drive structure in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the chute in this invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal disk drive in this invention; Figure 15 This is an assembly diagram of the support structure in this invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the support structure and the guide vane in this invention; Figure 17 This is an assembly plan view of the support structure and the guide vane in this invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure driving the guide vane in this invention; Figure 19 This is an assembly diagram of the cleaning structure in this invention; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the cleaning structure in this invention; Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the cleaning structure in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram, 1. Hydrogenation reactor; 2. Oil / gas inlet; 210. Flow valve; 3. Cold hydrogen inlet; 4. Oil / gas outlet; 5. Drive motor; 6. Drive shaft; 7. Flow divider; 8. Catalyst reaction layer; 9. First auxiliary packing layer; 10. Second auxiliary packing layer; 11. Cold hydrogen distribution ring; 12. Centrifugal disc; 1210. Centrifugal paddle; 1220. Flow guide plate; 1230. Filter screen; 1240. Scale tank; 13. Flow equalization screen; 14. Drive gear; 15. Driven gear ring; 16. Driven shaft; 17. Rotating inner ring; 18. Cold hydrogen pipe; 19. Swirl plate; 20. Sealing ring; 21. Cold hydrogen outlet; 22. Rotary stop; 23. Rotary shaft; 24. Sliding shaft; 25. Counterweight; 26. Third return spring; 27. Sliding buckle; 28. Slide groove; 29. ​​Housing; 30. Oscillating shaft; 31. Oscillating gear; 32. Return rack; 33. First ring frame; 34. First return slider; 35. First return spring; 36. Dust suction pipe; 3610. Dust collection opening; 3620. Cover; 37. Pressure relief pipe; 38. Sealing ring; 39. Pressure relief valve; 40. Fixed seat; 41. Second ring frame; 42. Second return spring; 43. Second return slider; 44. Push handle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inner", "around", etc., which indicate orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0026] The following is based on Figures 1-21 This invention describes a method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the preparation method of marine distillate fuel oil includes the following steps: Step 1: Crude oil is frequently fractionated by vacuum distillation to obtain medium and heavy distillate oil and gas, which is then pumped into hydrotreating reactor 1. The oil and gas flow sequentially through the catalyst bed in hydrotreating reactor 1 to carry out desulfurization / denitrification / dearomatics removal processes. Step 2: A cold hydrogen swirling interface is formed in the hydrogenation reactor 1, which is fully cooled and in contact with the oil and gas. In response to the fluctuation of the oil and gas flow rate, the cold hydrogen input and cold hydrogen swirling intensity are dynamically adjusted to form a swirling interface that matches the dynamic fluctuation of the oil and gas. While the oil and gas swirling is cooling, the internal impurities are self-cleaned. Step 3: After hydrogenation, the oil and gas products enter the fractionation tower and are cut into different fractions according to the temperature range. The fraction that meets the requirements for marine fuel is selected and blended to form the final marine fuel.

[0028] Specifically describing step one above, crude oil is frequently fractionated by vacuum distillation to obtain medium and heavy distillate oil and gas, which is pumped into hydrogenation reactor 1 through oil and gas inlet 2. The oil and gas are evenly distributed onto distribution plate 7 through distributor at the outlet end of oil and gas inlet 2. After pre-filtration and impurity removal by the scale basket on distribution plate 7, the oil and gas flow downwards, allowing the oil and gas to flow sequentially through the catalyst bed composed of catalyst reaction layer 8 for desulfurization / denitrification / aromatic removal processes (preferably 2 to 4 layers of catalyst reaction layer 8, with a first auxiliary packing layer 9 of large-diameter inert ceramic balls and a second auxiliary packing layer 10 of small-diameter inert ceramic balls laid sequentially above and below each catalyst reaction layer 8. The first auxiliary packing layer 9 is used to disperse and buffer the upper oil-hydrogen mixture and simultaneously filter the top catalyst powder. The second auxiliary packing layer 10 is used to protect the catalyst reaction layer 8 from leakage).

[0029] Specifically, in step two above, while the oil and gas pass through the catalyst reaction layer 8 in sequence, a cold hydrogen swirling interface is formed in the hydrogenation reactor 1, which is fully cooled and in contact with the oil and gas. In response to the fluctuation of the oil and gas flow rate, the cold hydrogen input and cold hydrogen swirling intensity are dynamically adjusted to form a swirling interface that matches the dynamic fluctuation of the oil and gas. While the oil and gas swirling is cooling, the internal impurities are self-cleaned. Specifically, in step three above, the hydrogenated oil and gas products enter the fractionation tower through oil and gas outlet 4, are cut into different fractions according to temperature range, and the fractions that meet the requirements for marine fuel are selected and blended to form the final marine fuel.

[0030] It should be reiterated that a flow valve 210 is also installed on the pipeline at the oil and gas inlet 2 to monitor the dynamic changes in the oil and gas flow rate. This allows for timely adjustment of the operating status of the cold hydrogen distribution component. When the oil and gas flow rate is high, the operating rate of the cold hydrogen distribution component is increased; when the oil and gas flow rate is low, the operating rate of the cold hydrogen distribution component is decreased. This dynamic operation ensures that the oil and gas and cold hydrogen are fully and dynamically combined. This eliminates the possibility of local overheating and bed caking caused by insufficient local cooling during the reaction of the oil and gas with the lower catalyst reaction layer 8 after the catalytic reaction. At the same time, it can also filter the fine catalyst powder in the oil and gas after the reaction, preventing the fine powder from covering local areas of the lower catalyst reaction layer 8 (as the oil and gas flow down through the catalyst bed layer by layer, it will also carry away the catalyst bed powder, causing the powder to block local areas of the lower catalyst bed layer, causing the oil and gas to be biased towards areas with low fluid resistance, forming "channels", which makes the catalyst bed prone to local voids). This improves the sufficiency of the oil and gas hydrogenation reaction, enhances the reaction stability of the catalyst bed, and extends its service life.

[0031] like Figures 4-13 As shown, to achieve sufficient cooling and combination of cold hydrogen and oil / gas, a cold hydrogen chamber is formed between adjacent catalyst beds. A cold hydrogen distribution assembly is arranged within the cold hydrogen chamber. The cold hydrogen distribution assembly includes a cold hydrogen distribution ring 11 arranged within the cold hydrogen chamber. The outer ring of the cold hydrogen distribution ring 11 is provided with a cold hydrogen inlet 3, and cold hydrogen pipes 18 are arranged radially inside the cold hydrogen distribution ring 11. Each set of cold hydrogen pipes 18 has at least one cold hydrogen outlet 21 axially. At the same time, a swirl plate 19 is also fitted on the cold hydrogen pipe 18. A rotating inner ring 17 is provided inside the cold hydrogen distribution ring 11 to form a rotating... In a sealed state, the cold hydrogen pipe 18 is provided with a rotating guide. By extending the cold hydrogen pipe 18 through the rotating inner ring 17 into the cold hydrogen distribution ring 11, cold hydrogen can be pumped into the rotating cold hydrogen pipe 18 and discharged through the cold hydrogen outlet 21. Then, by utilizing the synchronous rotation combination of the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and the swirl plate 19, on the one hand, the cold hydrogen is pumped out through the rotating cold hydrogen pipe 18, and on the other hand, the swirl plate 19 is used to spirally guide the cold hydrogen, so that the cold hydrogen forms a swirling interface, filling all directions in the cold hydrogen cavity, and fully combining with the oil and gas after the upper catalytic reaction.

[0032] In this embodiment, the swirl plate 19 is provided with at least one set of sealing rings 20 along its axial direction. The sealing rings 20 are fitted onto the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and directly opposite the opening of the cold hydrogen outlet 21, thus sealing the unopened side of the cold hydrogen outlet 21. Simultaneously, a centrifugal drive structure is also provided inside the cold hydrogen pipe 18 to adjust the opening and closing degree of the cold hydrogen outlet 21 and simultaneously adjust the blade tilt angle of the swirl plate 19. During the process of forming a swirling interface with cold hydrogen to cool the oil and gas, when the oil and gas flow rate fluctuates significantly, the rotational speed of the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and the swirl plate 19 is simultaneously controlled, utilizing their rotational speed... The change in velocity generates dynamic centrifugal force, which is transmitted to the swirl plate 19 through the centrifugal drive structure. This force adjusts the overlap between the swirl plate 19 and the cold hydrogen outlet 21, thus regulating the opening size of the cold hydrogen outlet 21. Simultaneously, it adjusts the tilt angle of the swirl plate 19 (a larger tilt angle results in a larger tangential velocity component and a significantly increased swirl intensity; a smaller tilt angle reduces the tangential velocity and weakens the swirl intensity). This allows for synchronous adjustment of the cold hydrogen swirl intensity, forming a dynamically adjustable cold hydrogen swirl interface to meet the cooling requirements of oil and gas at different flow rates. Specifically: like Figures 9-13 As shown, the centrifugal drive structure includes a sliding shaft 24 slidably installed inside the cold hydrogen tube 18. At least one set of rotating shafts 23 are sleeved on the sliding shaft 24. A rotating stop 22 is provided on one side of the rotating shaft 23. The rotating stop 22 passes through the cold hydrogen outlet 21 and is fixedly connected to the cyclone plate 19 (by utilizing the synchronous rotation of the rotating stop 22 with the rotating shaft 23, the size of the opening side of the cold hydrogen outlet 21 is adjusted on one hand, and the inclination angle of the cyclone plate 19 is adjusted on the other hand). Simultaneously, a spiral groove 28 is formed on the inner wall of the rotating shaft 23. A sliding buckle 27 is provided axially on the sliding shaft 24, which can slide along the groove 28. During the rotation of the cold hydrogen tube 18, its centrifugal force is transmitted to the sliding shaft 24, pushing the sliding shaft 24 to slide centrifugally. At this time, With the cooperation of the sliding buckle 27 and the sliding groove 28, the linear motion of the sliding shaft 24 is converted into the rotational motion of the rotating shaft 23. The rotation of the rotating shaft 23 drives the rotating stop 22 to rotate and swing along the cold hydrogen outlet 21. On the one hand, it adjusts the opening size of the cold hydrogen outlet 21, and on the other hand, it adjusts the blade inclination angle of the swirl plate 19. When the oil and gas flow rate increases, the opening of the cold hydrogen outlet 21 is controlled to be larger to provide a larger flow of cold hydrogen. At the same time, the inclination angle of the swirl plate 19 is controlled to be larger to provide a greater swirling intensity, so as to form a more sufficient cold hydrogen swirling interface and fully combine with the oil and gas for cooling. Conversely, when the oil and gas flow rate decreases, the opening of the cold hydrogen outlet 21 and the swirl plate 19 are controlled to be smaller to reduce the cold hydrogen swirling intensity, thus dynamically matching the cooling work according to the changes in oil and gas flow rate.

[0033] It should be noted that at least one set of counterweights 25 is provided in the axial direction of the sliding shaft 24 so that the centrifugal force is transmitted to the sliding shaft 24 through the counterweights 25. At the same time, a third return spring 26 is also sleeved at one end of the sliding shaft 24 to provide elastic reset of the sliding shaft 24 during the dynamic centrifugal force process.

[0034] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figures 14-18 As shown, to achieve simultaneous treatment of impurities in the oil and gas during the catalytic reaction, the cold hydrogen distribution assembly also includes a centrifugal disk 12 arranged below the swirl plate 19. The centrifugal disk 12 and the swirl plate 19 rotate synchronously via a driven shaft 16 located in the middle. A drive shaft 6 is also provided on one side of the centrifugal disk 12, with a drive gear 14 axially mounted and meshing with a driven gear ring 15 located on the outer edge of the centrifugal disk 12. A drive motor 5 is provided on one side of the hydrogenation reactor 1, enabling the drive motor 5 to dynamically drive in response to the control signal of the flow valve 210 with a delay (since it takes a certain amount of time for the oil and gas to flow from the oil and gas inlet 2 to the catalyst bed, controlling the drive motor 5 to dynamically drive with a delay allows...). As the oil and gas flow through the catalyst bed, the cold hydrogen distribution component is dynamically operated to deliver the cold hydrogen through a dynamic swirling interface. Using the drive motor 5 as the driving source, the drive shaft 6 rotates. With the cooperation of the drive gear 14 and the driven gear ring 15, the centrifugal disc 12 rotates. Through the transmission of the driven shaft 16, the combination of the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and the swirling plate 19 rotates synchronously. This causes the cooled oil and gas to form a swirling state as it passes through the swirling plate 19. The rotation of the centrifugal disc 12 further generates centrifugal force on the falling oil and gas, reinforcing the swirling state and allowing the oil and gas to be rapidly filtered through centrifugal swirling, filtering out the fine catalyst powder entrained by the catalytic reaction. Specifically: like Figure 5 , Figure 14 As shown, a centrifugal paddle 1210 is provided at the center of the centrifugal disc 12, and a filter screen 1230 is provided at the edge of the centrifugal disc 12. A scale accumulation groove 1240 is also formed at the edge of the filter screen 1230. While the cyclone plate 19 swirls the cold hydrogen, it also applies a spiral guide to the falling oil and gas, so that the oil and gas are centrifugally thrown towards the filter screen 1230 in a swirling state. At the same time, when the centrifugal disc 12 rotates, it drives the centrifugal paddle 1210 to swirl the falling oil and gas again, so that the oil and gas are thrown towards the filter screen 1230 under the action of centrifugal force, so that a pressure difference is formed between the oil and gas and the filter screen 1230, and the oil and gas are quickly filtered.

[0035] In this implementation plan, such as Figures 14-18As shown, a flow guide plate 1220 is separately arranged between the centrifugal impeller 1210 and the filter screen 1230. The flow guide plate 1220 can swing towards the filter surface of the filter screen 1230. At the same time, a support structure is provided below the flow guide plate 1220 to provide its swinging movement. By utilizing the elastic swing support of the support structure on the flow guide plate 1220, when the swirl plate 19 acts on the oil and gas swirl, the oil and gas swirl applies a centrifugal impact to the flow guide plate 1220. And by utilizing the synchronous swirl of oil and gas with the centrifugal impeller 1210, the oil and gas swirl applies a second centrifugal impact to the flow guide plate 1220. At the same time, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the centrifugal disk 12 also applies centrifugal force to the flow guide plate 1220. The flow guide plate 1220 applies three centrifugal impacts, causing it to flexibly swing towards the filter screen 1230 under triple impact. On one hand, it forms a "dynamic flow guide plate" for oil and gas, guiding the catalyst powder in the oil and gas to the accumulation tank 1240 under dynamic oil and gas impact, avoiding the fixed flow of oil and gas and the accumulation and sedimentation of catalyst powder. On the other hand, it forms a "reciprocating scraper" that dynamically scrapes the filter screen 1230, repeatedly scraping the catalyst powder on the filter screen 1230. Under the action of centrifugal force, the catalyst powder flows into the accumulation tank 1240, preventing the catalyst powder from sticking to the filter screen 1230 and ensuring the real-time self-cleaning and transparent filtration characteristics of the filter screen 1230.

[0036] It should be noted that since the rotational speeds of the centrifugal disc 12 and the swirl plate 19 change synchronously in response to changes in the oil and gas flow rate, the centrifugal force exerted by the swirl plate 19 on the oil and gas flow, the centrifugal paddle 1210 on the oil and gas flow, and the centrifugal force exerted by the centrifugal disc 12 on the guide plate 1220 also increase or decrease synchronously with fluctuations in the oil and gas flow rate. Consequently, the centrifugal impact exerted on the guide plate 1220 also fluctuates synchronously and dynamically, so that the guide plate 1220 responds to multiple centrifugal impacts and dynamically sways and deflects.

[0037] As a further embodiment, the support structure includes a housing 29 located below the flow guide plate 1220. The housing 29 is fixed to the bottom of the centrifugal disc 12. A yaw shaft 30 is separately provided inside the housing 29. The top end of the yaw shaft 30 is fixed to the flow guide plate 1220, and the bottom end of the yaw shaft 30 is provided with a yaw gear 31. At the same time, a first ring frame 33 is slidably installed inside the housing 29, and a return rack 32 is separately provided around it in a circumferential manner. The return rack 32 meshes with the yaw gear 31. Furthermore, at least one set of first return springs 35 is provided inside the housing 29. A first reset slider 34 is provided, which applies a compressive reset force to the first reset spring 35. When the flow guide plate 1220 is dynamically swayed by the impact force, it drives the sway shaft 30 to rotate synchronously. Then, by utilizing the meshing of the sway gear 31 and the reset rack 32, the first ring frame 33 is driven to rotate passively, applying a compressive force to the first reset spring 35. Utilizing the elastic reset force of the first reset spring 35, the flow guide plate 1220 has the characteristic of swaying and resetting, so that the flow guide plate 1220 always tends to return to the reset state after being swayed by the force, so as to dynamically sway in response to the change in the magnitude of the centrifugal impact force.

[0038] Furthermore, a flow equalization mesh disk 13 is also arranged below the centrifugal disk 12. The flow equalization mesh disk 13 has a conical structure. By arranging the flow equalization mesh disk 13 with a conical structure below the centrifugal disk 12, the filtered oil and gas converge towards the center of the flow equalization mesh disk 13. During the convergence process, under the action of cold hydrogen pressure, the oil and gas converge and simultaneously flow downwards evenly, so that the oil and gas flow evenly to the next layer of catalyst reaction layer 8.

[0039] like Figure 2 , Figures 19-21 To facilitate the periodic cleaning of catalyst fine powder within the scale buildup tank 1240, a cleaning structure is installed above the tank opening to treat internal impurities. This allows the impurities in the scale buildup tank 1240 to self-clean under pressure differential, completing the periodic cleaning process without shutting down the system. Specifically: The cleaning structure includes a fixed base 40 fixed to the hydrogenation reactor 1. A pressure relief pipe 37 is rotatably installed in the middle of the fixed base 40. One end of the pressure relief pipe 37 is equipped with a dust suction pipe 36, and the bottom port of the dust suction pipe 36 forms a dust collection opening 3610. A cover 3620 is provided above the port of the dust collection opening 3610. The pressure relief pipe 37 can drive the dust suction pipe 36 to rotate and swing, so that the dust collection opening 3610 contacts the bottom of the scale tank 1240 from time to time. The other end of the pressure relief pipe 37 is equipped with a pressure relief valve 39, which is rotated and sealed with the pressure relief pipe 37 through a sealing ring 38 (so that when the pressure relief pipe 37 drives the dust suction pipe 36 to rotate and swing, the pressure relief valve 39 remains relatively stationary). By pushing the pressure relief pipe 37 to rotate, the dust suction pipe 36 is driven to rotate to the scale tank 1240. Inside the scale tank 1240, the dust collection opening 3610 at the bottom of the dust collection pipe 36 contacts the bottom of the scale tank 1240. As the scale tank 1240 is driven by the centrifugal disc 12, it rotates relative to the dust collection opening 3610. This causes impurities in the scale tank 1240 to be blocked at the opening of the dust collection pipe 36 by the scraping action of the dust collection opening 3610 and the covering action of the baffle 3620. After the scale tank 1240 rotates at least one revolution relative to the dust collection opening 3610, the pressure relief valve 39 is opened, allowing the impurities at the dust collection opening 3610 to be flushed out under high pressure (the high pressure of 3.0 MPa to 8.0 MPa is formed by the pump pressure of cold hydrogen in the hydrogenation reactor 1) through the dust collection pipe 36, the pressure relief pipe 37, and the pressure relief valve 39 in sequence, thus completing the periodic self-cleaning of impurities.

[0040] In this embodiment, the cleaning structure also includes a second ring frame 41 arranged circumferentially around the pressure relief pipe 37. A second return spring 42 is sleeved on the second ring frame 41, and a second return slider 43 sleeved on the second ring frame 41 is provided at the other end of the second return spring 42. At the same time, a push handle 44 is provided axially on the pressure relief pipe 37. The push handle 44 is fixedly connected to the second return slider 43. By pushing the push handle 44, a driving force is generated to drive the pressure relief pipe 37 and the dust collection pipe 36 to rotate and swing, so that the dust collection pipe 36 rotates into the dirt accumulation tank 1240 to clean the impurities. After the impurities are cleaned, the cleaning structure is reset by the combination of the second return spring 42 and the second return slider 43.

[0041] It should be noted that since the impurities in the scale tank 1240 are self-cleaned by the high-pressure impact in the hydrogenation reactor 1, the required time is short. The local brief depressurization has almost negligible impact on the high-pressure state in the hydrogenation reactor 1. Furthermore, the oil and gas carried out during the brief depressurization and impurity removal are also relatively small, and the impact on the dynamic fluctuations of oil and gas is also almost negligible. Therefore, it is possible to complete the self-cleaning of impurities without stopping the machine.

[0042] During use (operation), as the oil and gas sequentially pass through the catalyst reaction layer 8, on the one hand, the combination of the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and the swirl plate 19 is driven to rotate synchronously to form a swirling interface of cold hydrogen, so that the cold hydrogen can be fully cooled and combined with the oil and gas in a swirling state. On the other hand, according to the fluctuation of the oil and gas flow rate, the rotation speed of the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and the swirl plate 19 is dynamically adjusted, and the change of centrifugal force generated by the change of its rotation speed is used as the driving source to drive the opening and closing degree of the cold hydrogen outlet 21 on the cold hydrogen pipe 18 and the blade tilt angle of the swirl plate 19 to dynamically change, so as to synchronously adjust the intensity of the cold hydrogen swirling flow and form a dynamically adjustable cold hydrogen swirling interface to meet the cooling work of oil and gas at different flow rates. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the flow rate of the oil and gas synchronously drive the centrifugal disc 12 to rotate dynamically. The swirl plate 19 then applies a spiral guide to the falling oil and gas, and the centrifugal disc 12 drives the centrifugal paddle 1210 to synchronously swirl the falling oil and gas. Under centrifugal force, the oil and gas are thrown towards the filter screen 1230, creating a pressure difference for rapid filtration. Simultaneously, when the swirl plate 19 acts on the oil and gas swirling flow, the swirling flow applies a centrifugal impact to the guide plate 1220. When the centrifugal paddle 1210 acts on the oil and gas swirling flow, the swirling flow applies a second dynamic centrifugal impact to the guide plate 1220. The centrifugal force of the rotating disc 12 applies three dynamic centrifugal impacts to the guide plate 1220, causing the guide plate 1220 to swing flexibly towards the filter screen 1230 under the triple impact. On the one hand, the catalyst powder in the oil and gas is guided into the scale tank 1240 under the dynamic centrifugal impact of the oil and gas. On the other hand, the dynamic swing of the guide plate 1220 scrapes the filter screen 1230 back and forth, scraping the catalyst powder on the filter screen 1230 back and forth and flowing into the scale tank 1240, preventing the catalyst powder from sticking to the filter screen 1230 and maintaining the real-time self-cleaning and transparent filtration characteristics of the filter screen 1230. When collecting impurities using the scale buildup tank 1240, the pressure differential cleaning structure can be used to remove impurities periodically without shutting down the system. The overall solution is more comprehensive, allowing the oil and gas to be fully cooled to prevent local overheating and sintering of the lower catalyst bed. At the same time, it can pre-treat fine catalyst powder impurities in the oil and gas to prevent impurities from clogging the lower catalyst bed and causing "channeling" and cavitation in the bed. This greatly improves the reaction stability of the catalyst bed, extends the service life of the catalyst bed, and reduces the intensity of periodic maintenance, thus ensuring the continuous hydrogenation reaction of oil and gas.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0044] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Crude oil is frequently fractionated by vacuum distillation to obtain medium and heavy distillate oil and gas, which is then pumped into the hydrogenation reactor (1) so that the oil and gas flow sequentially through the catalyst bed in the hydrogenation reactor (1) to carry out desulfurization / denitrification / aromatic removal processes. Step 2: A cold hydrogen swirling interface is formed in the hydrogenation reactor (1) to fully cool and contact the oil and gas. In response to the fluctuation of the oil and gas flow rate, the cold hydrogen input and cold hydrogen swirling intensity are dynamically adjusted to form a swirling interface that matches the dynamic fluctuation of the oil and gas. While the oil and gas swirling is cooling, the internal impurities are self-cleaned. Step 3: After hydrogenation, the oil and gas products enter the fractionation tower and are cut into different fractions according to the temperature range. The fraction that meets the requirements for marine fuel is selected and blended to form the final marine fuel.

2. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cold hydrogen cavity is formed between adjacent catalyst beds, and a cold hydrogen distribution assembly is provided within the cold hydrogen cavity. The cold hydrogen distribution assembly includes: A cold hydrogen distribution ring (11) is arranged inside the cold hydrogen cavity; Cold hydrogen pipes (18) are arranged radially inside the cold hydrogen distribution ring (11), wherein each set of cold hydrogen pipes (18) has at least one cold hydrogen outlet (21) in the axial direction. A swirl plate (19) is fitted onto the cold hydrogen tube (18) and has at least one set of sealing rings (20) along its axial direction, wherein the sealing rings (20) are fitted around the opening of the cold hydrogen outlet (21); Centrifugal drive structure, which is arranged inside the cold hydrogen pipe (18), is used to adjust the opening and closing degree of the cold hydrogen outlet (21) and simultaneously adjust the blade tilt angle of the swirl plate (19).

3. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The centrifugal drive structure includes: The sliding shaft (24) is slidably installed inside the cold hydrogen tube (18); A rotating shaft (23) is sleeved on a sliding shaft (24) and at least one set is provided. A rotating stop (22) is provided on one side of the rotating shaft (23), wherein the rotating stop (22) passes through the cold hydrogen outlet (21) and is fixedly connected to the swirl plate (19); The inner wall of the rotating shaft (23) is formed with a groove (28), and the axial direction of the sliding shaft (24) is provided with a sliding buckle (27). The sliding buckle (27) can slide along the groove (28) to convert the linear motion of the sliding shaft (24) into the rotational motion of the rotating shaft (23), thereby adjusting the opening degree of the cold hydrogen outlet (21) and the blade tilt angle of the swirl plate (19).

4. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cold hydrogen distribution assembly also includes: Centrifugal disc (12) is arranged below cyclone plate (19). Centrifugal paddle (1210) is provided in the center of centrifugal disc (12), and filter screen (1230) is provided on the edge of centrifugal disc (12). Scale accumulation groove (1240) is also formed on the edge of filter screen (1230). The flow guide plate (1220) is arranged in a split manner between the centrifugal paddle plate (1210) and the filter screen (1230), and can be tilted towards the filter surface of the filter screen (1230).

5. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide vane (1220) is provided with a support structure below it to provide self-oscillating movement, wherein the support structure includes: The housing (29) is located below the flow guide plate (1220); The yaw shaft (30) is set in a split manner around the housing (29). The top end of the yaw shaft (30) is fixed to the guide plate (1220), and the bottom end of the yaw shaft (30) is provided with a yaw gear (31). The first ring frame (33) is slidably installed in the housing (29) and has a reset rack (32) in a split manner around its circumference. The reset rack (32) meshes with the yaw gear (31). The housing (29) is also provided with at least one set of first reset springs (35), and the first ring frame (33) is provided with a first reset slider (34), which applies a compression reset force to the first reset springs (35).

6. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The centrifugal disc (12) and the swirl plate (19) rotate synchronously by a driven shaft (16) located in the middle. The centrifugal disc (12) also has a drive shaft (6) on one side. The drive shaft (6) has a drive gear (14) in its axial direction and meshes with a driven gear ring (15) located on the outer edge of the centrifugal disc (12).

7. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 6, characterized in that, Above the opening of the scale buildup tank (1240) is a cleaning structure for treating the impurities inside, so that the impurities inside the scale buildup tank (1240) can be self-cleaned by the cleaning structure under the action of pressure difference.

8. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cleanup structure includes: A fixed seat (40) is fixedly connected to the hydrogenation reactor (1), and a pressure relief pipe (37) is rotatably installed in the middle of the fixed seat (40). A dust collection pipe (36) is located at one end of a pressure relief pipe (37). A dust collection opening (3610) is formed at the bottom port of the dust collection pipe (36), and a cover (3620) is provided above the port of the dust collection opening (3610). The pressure relief pipe (37) can drive the dust collection pipe (36) to rotate and swing, so that the dust collection opening (3610) contacts the bottom of the dirt accumulation tank (1240) from time to time. The pressure relief valve (39) is located at the other end of the pressure relief pipe (37) and is sealed to the pressure relief pipe (37) by a rotating sealing ring (38).

9. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cleanup structure also includes: The second ring frame (41) is arranged around the pressure relief pipe (37) in a circumferential manner. A second reset spring (42) is sleeved on the second ring frame (41), and a second reset slider (43) is sleeved on the second ring frame (41) at the other end of the second reset spring (42). The pressure relief pipe (37) is provided with a push handle (44) in the axial direction, and the push handle (44) is fixedly connected to the second reset slider (43).

10. The method for preparing marine distillate fuel oil according to claim 9, characterized in that, Below the centrifugal disk (12) is a flow equalization disk (13), which is a conical disk structure.

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