Steel arch installation machine applied to tunnel construction

Abstract

The application discloses a steel arch installation machine applied to tunnel construction, which comprises a base seat, two movable material baskets movably assembled on the base seat, an opening and closing driving mechanism arranged between the two movable material baskets and the base seat, end pivot connecting mechanisms connected to the two sides of the base seat, two transmission rails installed on the base seat, linear running members assembled on the transmission rails, and a hoisting mechanism installed on the linear running members; the base seat comprises a base body, two vertical supporting assemblies installed on the base body, vertical driving assemblies connected between the vertical supporting assemblies and the transmission rails, and adjustable receiving assemblies installed on the vertical driving assemblies; the vertical supporting assemblies comprise two supporting columns, and the vertical driving assemblies comprise two vertical hydraulic oil cylinders. The steel arch hoisting and assembling efficiency is improved, the steel arch installation precision is ensured, the hoisting equipment stress is reduced, and the operation is flexible. The application is suitable for the technical field of tunnel steel arch installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, specifically, it relates to a steel arch frame installation machine used in tunnel construction. Background Technology

[0002] The hoisting of steel arch frames relies on the coordinated operation of the boom and hook of the installation vehicle. Existing equipment often suffers from unreasonable lifting point design, leading to uneven stress on the steel arch frame and making it prone to twisting and swaying during hoisting. Especially in the confined space of tunnels, where the boom's turning radius is limited, wind speed interference or insufficient precision in adjusting the sling length can easily cause the steel arch frame to collide with the tunnel surrounding rock, the tunnel face, or existing arch frames, resulting in deformation of the steel arch frame, damage to the anti-corrosion layer, and even affecting the stability of the surrounding rock. Traditional installation vehicle hoisting and positioning is cumbersome, and the hoisting equipment is subjected to significant stress during lifting, requiring substantial manual assistance. Specifically, after the steel arch frame is lifted, the angle needs to be manually corrected using traction ropes, increasing labor input and potentially extending the hoisting cycle due to human error, thus affecting the construction schedule.

[0003] Existing steel arch frame installation machines have complex structures, resulting in large space requirements. The telescopic booms of conventional three-arm arch frame installation vehicles are prone to interference with the ground in the confined space of tunnels, making it difficult to implement bench-type and small-section tunnel construction. While winch-driven installation machines, with their relatively simpler structure, are suitable for small sections, their complex structures are difficult to adapt to. Furthermore, some integrated installation machines have fixed positions, making it impossible to flexibly adjust their location to meet different support requirements in curved tunnels or fractured zones with special geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a steel arch frame installation machine for tunnel construction, which improves the lifting and assembly efficiency of steel arch frames, ensures the installation accuracy of steel arch frames, reduces the stress on lifting equipment, reduces labor intensity, simplifies the overall structure, avoids occupying a large space, and is flexible in operation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A steel arch frame installation machine for tunnel construction includes a base with multiple traveling wheels mounted at its lower end. Movable material baskets are movably mounted at both ends of the base along the tunnel's extension direction. An opening and closing drive mechanism is constructed between the two movable material baskets and the base. End pivoting mechanisms that can move along the tunnel's length direction are movably connected to both sides of the base. Drive rails extending along the tunnel's length direction are mounted on both sides of the upper end of the base. Linear traveling members are mounted on each drive rail, and a lifting mechanism is mounted on each linear traveling member. The base includes a base body, with vertical support components mounted on both sides of the base body. Each vertical support component is connected to a corresponding drive rail via a vertical drive component. An adjustable receiving component is mounted on the vertical drive component. Each vertical support component includes two support columns spaced apart along the tunnel's length direction. The vertical drive component includes two vertical hydraulic cylinders, with each vertical hydraulic cylinder corresponding to one of the two support columns.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmission rail includes two rail bodies arranged sequentially along the tunnel length direction, and each vertical hydraulic cylinder is connected to the corresponding rail body.

[0008] Furthermore, the adjustable receiving assembly includes a telescopic rod rotatably mounted on the cylinder rod of each vertical hydraulic cylinder, a first magnetic clutch is constructed between the telescopic rod and the cylinder rod, a receiving seat is installed at the end of the telescopic rod away from the vertical hydraulic cylinder, a positioning hole is opened at the center of the upper end of the receiving seat, and a positioning pin is constructed at the center of the lower end of the receiving seat. When the two receiving seats are stacked one on top of the other, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the first magnetic clutch includes a first clutch disc fixed to the end of the telescopic rod and rotatably connected to the cylinder rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder, a first electromagnetic chuck movably mounted on the cylinder rod, a vertically extending limiting groove being formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder rod at the location of the first electromagnetic chuck, a limiting block being constructed on the inner peripheral wall of the first electromagnetic chuck, the limiting block being movably assembled in the limiting groove, and a limiting stop being constructed on the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder rod below the first electromagnetic chuck.

[0010] Furthermore, a ratchet connection component is installed on the vertical support component or the vertical drive component, and the ratchet connection component is connected to the corresponding end of the horizontal platform.

[0011] Furthermore, the opening and closing drive mechanism includes two transmission screws rotatably connected to the lower end of the foundation at a lateral interval along the tunnel. One of the transmission screws is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the dual-axis motor, and each end of each transmission screw is connected to the corresponding movable material basket through a second magnetic clutch. Transmission wheels are respectively mounted on the two transmission screws, and the two transmission wheels are connected by a transmission chain.

[0012] Furthermore, the second magnetic clutch includes an internally threaded sleeve rotatably connected to the movable material basket, with a limit ring and a second clutch disc respectively mounted at both ends of the internally threaded sleeve, and a second electromagnetic chuck elastically connected to the movable material basket. The transmission screw passes through the limit ring, the internally threaded sleeve, the second clutch disc, and the second electromagnetic chuck in sequence, and the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the internally threaded sleeve.

[0013] Furthermore, the end pivoting mechanism includes a sliding seat that is slidably connected to the base along the length of the tunnel. Two connecting ears are spaced apart on the sliding seat along its sliding direction. Two fastening members are symmetrically installed between the two connecting ears. A connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the two connecting ears. The connecting shaft is threaded in the forward direction to one of the fastening members and threaded in the reverse direction to the other fastening member, forming a fastening gap between the two fastening members.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the fastening components includes a connecting portion that is threadedly connected to the connecting shaft, a first strip-shaped hole extending vertically is provided on the connecting portion, an extension portion is provided at the end of the connecting portion away from the connecting shaft, a second strip-shaped hole is provided on the extension portion, the extension portion and the connecting portion are connected by a connecting bolt, the connecting bolt connects the overlapping parts of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole, and a limiting edge is constructed at the end of the extension portion away from the connecting portion.

[0015] The technological advancements achieved by this invention compared to existing technologies, due to the adoption of the aforementioned structure, are as follows:

[0016] The transmission rails on both sides of the foundation base of this invention cooperate with the linear traveling components, allowing the lifting mechanism to move flexibly along the tunnel length. This facilitates adjustment of the lifting point positions according to the specifications of the steel arch frame (top rod, side rod), solving the problem of uneven force distribution caused by unreasonable lifting point design in traditional equipment. It reduces the torsion and swaying of the steel arch frame during lifting, lowers the risk of collision with surrounding rock and existing arch frames, and protects the integrity of the steel arch frame structure and anti-corrosion layer. The lifting mechanism, linear traveling components, and transmission rails form a coordinated motion system, eliminating the need for manual correction of the steel arch frame angle using traction ropes, significantly reducing labor input. It also avoids repeated adjustments due to human error, shortening the lifting cycle of a single steel arch frame and improving overall construction efficiency. The reasonable lifting point layout and the guiding and supporting effect of the transmission rails make the lifting force transmission more stable, dispersing the concentrated force of traditional boom-type equipment, reducing wear and fatigue of the lifting mechanism, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0017] The end pivoting mechanism of this invention can slide along the length of the tunnel, precisely fixing the end of the steel arch frame. Simultaneously, it works in conjunction with the movement and adjustment of the lifting mechanism to achieve precise control of the radial spacing and circumferential perpendicularity of the steel arch frame. This solves the problems of ambiguous positioning and large deviations in traditional equipment, ensuring that the installation accuracy meets design requirements. The extended design of the drive rail and the flexible movement of the linear traveling components can adapt to steel arch frames with different arc radii and lengths (such as the combined installation of top rods and side rods). The traveling wheel structure of the foundation base, combined with the adjustability of the end pivoting mechanism, allows the equipment to flexibly adjust the positioning angle in curved tunnels and tunnels with variable cross-sections, breaking through the limitations of traditional complex structure equipment in adapting to small cross-sections and special construction methods. Moreover, the end pivoting mechanism can closely fit the ends of different types of steel arch frames, forming a stable positioning benchmark, unaffected by tunnel dust and light interference, avoiding the problems of easy obstruction and damage of traditional positioning marks, and ensuring positioning consistency.

[0018] This invention integrates the movable material basket, lifting mechanism, and end pivoting mechanism into the foundation, eliminating the complex telescopic boom and independent support structure of traditional three-arm installation machines, resulting in a more compact overall size. The running wheels design allows for flexible movement of the equipment, requiring minimal turning space and avoiding interference with the ground and surrounding rock inside tunnels, thus facilitating bench method construction and small-section tunnel operations. Each functional component (movable material basket, lifting mechanism, and pivoting mechanism) operates relatively independently yet collaboratively, eliminating the need for complex multi-system synchronous debugging, simplifying the operation process, reducing skill requirements for operators, and lowering training costs.

[0019] The movable material baskets at both ends of the foundation of this invention can pre-store steel arch frame components (side rods, top rods). The baskets can be flexibly opened and closed via an opening and closing drive mechanism, eliminating the need for additional equipment to transport materials. This allows for seamless integration of material storage, lifting, and positioning processes, reducing construction interruption time. The end pivoting mechanism can quickly fix the ends of the steel arch frame, providing stable support for subsequent welding and bolting connections. This avoids the cumbersome process of manual temporary fixing after traditional positioning, reduces the risk of displacement during the fixing process, and improves the overall integrity of the support structure.

[0020] In summary, the automated opening and closing of the movable material basket, the movement and adjustment of the lifting mechanism, and the precise engagement of the end pivot mechanism of this invention replace the traditional high-intensity operations such as manual hooking, traction, and alignment, reducing labor intensity and avoiding safety hazards for personnel in confined spaces. The integrated design increases the overall rigidity of the equipment, and the cooperation between the traveling wheels and the foundation ensures the stability of the equipment on uneven tunnel floors. The guiding effect of the lifting mechanism and the transmission rail reduces the risk of swaying during lifting, and the stable engagement of the end pivot mechanism significantly reduces the incidence of safety accidents such as steel arch frame falls and displacement. This invention not only solves the problems of complex structure, large space occupation, and poor adaptability of traditional equipment, but also further improves the economy and support quality of tunnel construction by reducing manual intervention and optimizing process connections. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0022] In the attached diagram:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from another angle of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention with the movable basket and opening / closing drive mechanism removed in an embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Front view of the structure shown;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the base of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable material basket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second magnetic clutch component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second magnetic clutch component after disassembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the vertical drive assembly, the transmission rail, and the adjustable receiving assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure shown from another angle;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable receiving component in the open state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable receiving component in an embodiment of the present invention with one end in an overlapping state;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the end pivoting mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a side view of the end pivot mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for lifting the side members of the steel arch frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for lifting the top rod of the steel arch frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Components marked: 100-Base base, 101-Base body, 102-Support column, 103-Vertical hydraulic cylinder, 104-Support ear, 105-Ratchet body, 106-Pawl body, 107-Horizontal platform, 108-Side ladder, 109-Assembly assembly, 110-Plug-in slot, 111-Sliding rail, 200-Movable basket, 201-Base plate, 202-Vertical rod, 203-Horizontal guardrail, 204-Plug-in plate, 205-Transmission ear, 206-Assembly hole, 300-Opening and closing drive mechanism, 301-Transmission screw, 302-Connecting seat, 303-Threaded part, 304-Dual-axis motor, 305-Transmission wheel, 306-Transmission chain, 400-Second magnetic clutch, 401-Internal threaded sleeve, 402-Limit ring, 403-Second clutch disc, 404-Connecting... 405-Connector, 406-Connecting spring, 407-Second electromagnetic chuck, 500-End pivot mechanism, 501-Sliding seat, 502-Connecting ear, 503-Connecting shaft, 504-Operating handwheel, 505-Connecting part, 506-First strip hole, 507-Extension, 508-Second strip hole, 509-Limiting edge, 510-Snapping gap, 600-Transmission rail, 601-Rail body, 700-Linear traveling component, 701-Assembly seat, 800-Lifting mechanism, 900-Adjustable receiving assembly, 901-First rod, 902-Second rod, 903-Receiving seat, 904-Positioning hole, 905-Positioning pin, 906-First clutch disc, 907-First electromagnetic chuck, 908-Limiting stop, 1000-Side rod, 1100-Top rod. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustrative and explanatory purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Example

[0041] A steel arch frame installation machine used in tunnel construction, such as Figures 1-16As shown, the system includes a base 100, an opening / closing drive mechanism 300, and two movable material baskets 200. Multiple traveling wheels are installed at the lower end of the base 100. The two movable material baskets 200 are movably mounted at both ends of the base 100 along the tunnel's extension direction. The opening / closing drive mechanism 300 is constructed between the base 100 and the two movable material baskets 200. End pivot mechanisms 500 are movably connected to both sides of the base 100, each capable of moving along the tunnel's length to adjust its position. Drive rails 600 are installed on both sides of the upper end of the base 100, extending along the tunnel's length. A linear traveling member 700 is mounted on the drive rail 600, an assembly seat 701 is mounted on the linear traveling member 700, and a lifting mechanism 800 is mounted on the assembly seat 701.

[0042] In this embodiment, the transmission rails 600 on both sides of the foundation 100 cooperate with the linear traveling members 700, allowing the lifting mechanism 800 to move flexibly along the tunnel length. This facilitates adjusting the lifting point positions according to the specifications of the steel arch frame (top rod 1100, side rod 1000), solving the problem of uneven force distribution caused by unreasonable lifting point design in traditional equipment. It reduces the torsion and swaying of the steel arch frame during lifting, lowers the risk of collision with surrounding rock and installed arch frames, and protects the integrity of the steel arch frame structure and anti-corrosion layer. The lifting mechanism 800, linear traveling members 700, and transmission rails 600 form a coordinated motion system, eliminating the need for manual correction of the steel arch frame angle using traction ropes, significantly reducing labor input. It also avoids repeated adjustments caused by manual operation errors, shortens the lifting cycle of a single steel arch frame, and improves overall construction efficiency. The reasonable lifting point layout and the guiding and supporting effect of the transmission rails 600 make the lifting force transmission more stable, dispersing the concentrated force of traditional boom-type equipment, reducing wear and fatigue of the lifting mechanism 800, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the end pivot mechanism 500 can slide along the tunnel length, precisely fixing the end of the steel arch frame. Simultaneously, it works in conjunction with the movement and adjustment of the lifting mechanism 800 to achieve precise control of the radial spacing and circumferential perpendicularity of the steel arch frame. This solves the problems of ambiguous positioning and large deviations in traditional equipment, ensuring that the installation accuracy meets design requirements. The extended design of the transmission rail 600 and the flexible movement of the linear traveling member 700 can adapt to steel arch frames with different arc radii and lengths (such as the combined installation of the top rod 1100 and the side rod 1000). The traveling wheel structure of the foundation base 100, combined with the adjustability of the end pivot mechanism 500, allows the equipment to flexibly adjust the positioning angle in curved tunnels and tunnels with variable cross-sections, breaking through the limitations of traditional complex structure equipment in adapting to small cross-sections and special construction methods. Moreover, the end pivot mechanism 500 can closely fit the ends of different types of steel arch frames, forming a stable positioning benchmark, unaffected by tunnel dust and light interference, avoiding the problems of easy obstruction and damage of traditional positioning marks, and ensuring positioning consistency.

[0044] This embodiment integrates the movable material basket 200, lifting mechanism 800, and end pivoting mechanism 500 into the base 100, eliminating the complex telescopic arm and independent support structure of traditional three-arm installation machines, resulting in a more compact overall size. The running wheel design allows for flexible movement of the equipment, requires minimal turning space, and avoids interference between the equipment and the ground and surrounding rock inside the tunnel, facilitating bench method construction and small-section tunnel operations. Each functional component (movable material basket 200, lifting mechanism 800, and pivoting mechanism) is relatively independent yet works in synergy, eliminating the need for complex multi-system synchronous debugging, simplifying the operation process, reducing the skill requirements for operators, and lowering training costs.

[0045] In this embodiment, the movable material baskets 200 at both ends of the foundation 100 can pre-store the steel arch frame components (side rods 1000, top rods 1100). The opening and closing of the material baskets is achieved through the opening and closing drive mechanism 300, eliminating the need for additional equipment to transfer materials. This allows for seamless connection of material storage, lifting, and positioning processes, reducing construction interruption time. The end pivot mechanism 500 can quickly fix the ends of the steel arch frame, providing stable support for subsequent welding and bolting connections. This avoids the cumbersome process of manual temporary fixing after traditional positioning, reduces the risk of displacement during the fixing process, and improves the overall integrity of the support structure.

[0046] In summary, the automated opening and closing of the movable material basket 200, the movement and adjustment of the lifting mechanism 800, and the precise engagement of the end pivot mechanism 500 in this embodiment replace the traditional high-intensity operations such as manual hooking, traction, and alignment, reducing labor intensity and avoiding safety hazards for personnel in confined spaces. The integrated design increases the overall rigidity of the equipment, and the cooperation between the traveling wheels and the foundation 100 ensures the stability of the equipment on the uneven tunnel floor. The guiding effect of the lifting mechanism 800 and the transmission rail 600 reduces the risk of swaying during lifting, and the stable engagement of the end pivot mechanism 500 significantly reduces the incidence of safety accidents such as steel arch frame falls and displacement. This not only solves the problems of complex structure, large space occupation, and poor adaptability of traditional equipment, but also further improves the economy and support quality of tunnel construction by reducing manual intervention and optimizing process connections. Example

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, the base 100 includes a base body 101. Vertical support components are installed on both sides of the base body 101. Each vertical support component is connected to a corresponding transmission rail 600 via a vertical drive component. An adjustable receiving component 900 is installed on the vertical drive component. The vertical support component includes two support columns 102 spaced apart along the length of the tunnel. The vertical drive component includes two vertical hydraulic cylinders 103, which are connected one-to-one with the two support columns 102. The transmission rail 600 includes two rail bodies 601 arranged sequentially along the length of the tunnel, and each vertical hydraulic cylinder 103 is connected to a corresponding rail body 601. Side ladders 108 are installed on both sides of the base body 101.

[0048] In this embodiment, the vertical support assembly uses two support columns 102 spaced apart along the tunnel length, which are connected one-to-one with two vertical hydraulic cylinders 103 to form a two-point symmetrical support structure. This design avoids the problem of force concentration in traditional single support structures, and can evenly distribute the combined weight of the transmission rail 600, linear traveling member 700, lifting mechanism 800, and steel arch frame (5-20t per steel arch frame) to the base body 101, and then transfer it to the tunnel floor, reducing local stress intensity, preventing the equipment from tilting or deforming due to heavy load, and ensuring the stability of the overall structure during hoisting.

[0049] The vertical drive component uses a vertical hydraulic cylinder 103, which can precisely adjust the extension and retraction amount through the hydraulic system, thereby driving the corresponding transmission rail 600 to move up and down. This function can adapt to different tunnel cross-sectional heights (such as small-section and large-section tunnels), or compensate for height according to the flatness of the tunnel floor, ensuring that the two transmission rails 600 are always on the same horizontal plane. This provides a basic guarantee for the smooth sliding of the linear traveling component 700 and the precise positioning of the lifting mechanism 800, and solves the problem of verticality and spacing deviation of the steel arch frame installation caused by track height deviation in traditional equipment.

[0050] The drive rail 600 consists of two rail bodies 601 arranged sequentially along the tunnel length, with each rail body 601 driven by an independent vertical hydraulic cylinder 103. This design allows for individual adjustment of the height or horizontal position of a single rail body 601 according to the installation requirements of the steel arch frame (such as the splicing of the top rod 1100 and the side rod 1000, and the curvature adaptation of curved tunnels), achieving segmented adjustment. This overcomes the limitations of traditional integral rails, which cannot flexibly adapt to complex installation scenarios, and further improves the assembly precision of the steel arch frame. The adjustable support component 900 on the vertical drive assembly can work with the lifting mechanism 800 to provide temporary support and precise alignment for the steel arch frame. For example, after the steel arch frame is lifted to the installation position, the adjustable support component 900 can extend and retract via the telescopic rod and be positioned by the support seat 903, lifting the steel arch frame from both sides or below to prevent it from shifting during positioning and fixing.

[0051] In this embodiment, the modular assembly of the support column 102, vertical hydraulic cylinder 103, and transmission rail 600 allows each part to be relatively independent yet work in tandem, avoiding the complex, redundant design of traditional equipment with multiple arms and supports. The overall structure is integrated into the base body 101, and with the wheels at the bottom of the base body 101, the equipment is more compact, requiring less turning space. It can flexibly adapt to the narrow spaces of tunnels, making it particularly suitable for step-method construction and small-section tunnel operations. This solves the problems of large space occupation and inconvenient movement within tunnels associated with traditional complex equipment structures. Side ladders 108 installed on both sides of the base body 101 provide operators with convenient access to and from the equipment. On the one hand, it facilitates daily inspection and maintenance of high-altitude components such as the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103, transmission rail 600, and adjustable support assembly 900, reducing the difficulty and safety risks of maintenance work; on the other hand, in the critical stages of positioning and fixing the steel arch frame, operators can climb onto the equipment platform via the side ladder 108 to perform manual assisted alignment, bolt pre-tightening, and other operations without the need to build additional temporary scaffolding, improving operational convenience and shortening process time. Example

[0052] like Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the adjustable receiving assembly 900 includes two telescopic rods, which are rotatably connected to the cylinder rods of two vertical hydraulic cylinders 103. Each telescopic rod includes a first rod body 901 and a second rod body 902, which are inserted into each other and connected by positioning bolts. A first magnetic clutch is constructed between the telescopic rod and the cylinder rod. A receiving seat 903 is installed at the end of the telescopic rod away from the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103. The radial length of the receiving seat 903 is in the range of 30cm-50cm. A positioning hole 904 is formed at the center of the upper end of the receiving seat 903, and a positioning pin 905 is constructed at the center of the lower end of the receiving seat 903. Figure 12 As shown, when the two support seats 903 are stacked vertically (by controlling the different driving amounts of the two vertical hydraulic cylinders 103, the two telescopic rods are rotated, causing the two support seats 903 to be stacked vertically), the positioning pin 905 is inserted into the positioning hole 904. This state is used to support the top rod 1100 of the steel arch frame or other heavy objects. Specifically, the uppermost support seat 903 in the stacked support seats 903 on one side serves as a support for one end of the top rod 1100, and the uppermost support seat 903 in the stacked support seats 903 on the other side serves as a support for the other end of the top rod 1100, thus serving as a temporary support (temporary relay placement platform) for the top rod 1100, facilitating subsequent anchoring operations by construction personnel. Other heavy objects are generally the tools used for anchoring. Figure 11As shown, at least one of the two telescopic rods is opened, supporting the upper part of the side rod 1000 against the inner wall of the tunnel to facilitate subsequent fixing work. Specifically, the telescopic rod on the corresponding side of the side rod 1000 is in the open state. Since the lower part of the side rod 1000 is restricted by the end pivot mechanism 500, when the side rod 1000 is in the vertical state, the upper end of the side rod 1000 is in a free state. At this time, the telescopic rod is in a horizontal state and extends along the length of the tunnel. That is, the telescopic rod intercepts the upper part of the side rod 1000 laterally, and the circumferential surface of the receiving seat 903 abuts against the side rod 1000, so that the upper part of the side rod 1000 is attached to the inner wall of the tunnel to facilitate subsequent anchoring work by construction personnel.

[0053] In summary, when the upper end of the side rod 1000 is gradually lifted to a high position and close to the inner wall of the tunnel, the construction workers climb to the position of the telescopic rod through the side ladder 108, operate the telescopic rod to convert it into a horizontal state that extends along the length of the tunnel, and the circumferential surface of the support seat 903 presses against the upper part of the side rod 1000, so that the upper part of the side rod 1000 fits against the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0054] When the top rod 1100 is lifted laterally to a high position near the tunnel ceiling, at this point, the top rod 1100 is slightly higher than the telescopic rod. Then, two construction workers climb the side ladders 108 on each side and adjust the two telescopic rods on each side to... Figure 12 The state shown is as follows; after completion, the top rod 1100 is gradually lowered onto the receiving seat 903. Depending on the requirements, it is possible to choose whether to tie the end of the top rod 1100 to the receiving seat 903 using a binding device.

[0055] In this embodiment, the adjustable support component 900 can switch between two core support functions by adjusting the opening and closing state of the telescopic rod: First, the two support seats 903 are stacked vertically (with the positioning pin 905 inserted into the positioning hole 904) to form a stable planar support structure, specifically adapted for the temporary support of the steel arch frame top rod 1100 or heavy components, preventing them from falling or shifting during positioning and fixing; second, at least one telescopic rod opens and extends, side-bracing the upper part of the side rod 1000 to the tunnel inner wall, providing lateral support for the side rod 1000, ensuring that the side rod 1000 is tightly attached to the surrounding rock, creating stable conditions for subsequent welding and bolt fixing. This dual-mode design eliminates the need to replace dedicated support components, meeting the different process requirements of the overall assembly of the steel arch frame, and greatly improving the equipment's versatility.

[0056] The telescopic pole consists of a first pole body 901 and a second pole body 902, which are inserted together. The overall length can be flexibly adjusted via positioning bolts to accommodate steel arches of different radii and lengths (such as the short side pole 1000 for small-section tunnels and the long side pole 1000 for large-section tunnels), as well as the radial dimension differences of different tunnel cross-sections. Compared to traditional fixed-length support structures, there is no need to adjust the equipment position or replace components due to changes in steel arch specifications, reducing operational complexity and improving construction adaptability.

[0057] The support seat 903 adopts a precise matching structure of positioning pin 905 and positioning hole 904. When two support seats 903 are stacked one on top of the other, the positioning pin 905 and the positioning hole 904 are completely fitted together, forming a rigid connection support surface. In addition, the two telescopic rods form a triangular structure to prevent the support seat 903 from shifting or tilting due to uneven force during the support process. This design can stably support the weight of heavy objects such as the top rod 1100 of the steel arch frame (suitable for single steel arch frames of 5-20t), and distribute the force to the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103 and the foundation seat 100, reducing the continuous load on the lifting mechanism 800. At the same time, it prevents the steel arch frame from shaking or colliding before fixing, protecting the integrity of the steel arch frame structure and anti-corrosion layer. The positioning holes 904 and positioning pins 905 of the support 903 adopt a centrally symmetrical design, which can form a unified positioning benchmark when stacked, ensuring the height consistency of the installation of multiple steel arch frame top rods 1100; when supporting the side rods 1000, the length adjustment and angle rotation of the telescopic rod can be quantitatively controlled by the precise drive of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103, avoiding the deviation of the installation angle of the side rods 1000 caused by manual support, ensuring the flatness of the circumferential splicing of the steel arch frame, and improving the integrity and stress uniformity of the support structure.

[0058] The extended telescopic rod, when open, can reach the inner wall of the tunnel, directly supporting the upper part of the side rod 1000 via the support seat 903. This ensures that the side rod 1000 is tightly fitted to the surrounding rock radially along the tunnel, solving the problems of poor fit and angle deviation that often occur when manually supporting the side rod 1000. The precise positioning of the side rod 1000 ensures the overall circumferential verticality (deviation ≤3°) and radial spacing accuracy (±5cm) of the steel arch frame, improving the synergistic force-bearing effect between the support structure and the surrounding rock, and enhancing the stability of the tunnel support. After the side rod 1000 is supported to the inner wall of the tunnel, subsequent anchor bolt connections, welding, and other fixing operations can be carried out directly. The support remains stable, avoiding insufficient connection accuracy caused by the displacement of the side rod 1000 during fixing. With the top rod 1100 supported by the support seat 903, operators can focus on the splicing and fixing of the top rod 1100 and the side rod 1000 without having to control the position of the top rod 1100, reducing operational errors and ensuring that the assembly quality of the steel arch frame meets design requirements. Example

[0059] like Figure 10As shown, the first magnetic clutch includes a first clutch disc 906 and a first electromagnetic chuck 907. The first clutch disc 906 is fixedly connected to the end of the telescopic rod and is rotatably connected to the cylinder rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103. The first electromagnetic chuck 907 is movably mounted on the cylinder rod. A limiting groove is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder rod at the location of the first electromagnetic chuck 907. This limiting groove extends vertically. A limiting block is constructed on the inner peripheral wall of the first electromagnetic chuck 907 and is movably fitted into the limiting groove. A limiting flange 908 is constructed on the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder rod below the first electromagnetic chuck 907. In this embodiment, the piston of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103 has a non-circular structure, generally a regular polygon or an ellipse, thereby preventing the piston from driving the cylinder rod to rotate relative to the cylinder body of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first electromagnetic chuck 907 generates a magnetic attraction force when energized, tightly engaging with the first clutch disc 906 at the end of the telescopic rod, achieving rigid fixation between the telescopic rod and the hydraulic cylinder rod, ensuring that the telescopic rod angle does not deviate during support. When de-energized, the magnetic attraction force disappears, and the telescopic rod can rotate freely around the hydraulic cylinder rod, facilitating adjustment of the support angle (e.g., adapting to the stacked state of the top rod 1100 support or the open state of the side rod 1000 support). This switching requires no complex mechanical operation, has a fast response speed, and significantly improves the adaptability efficiency of the adjustable support component 900 in different installation processes, solving the problems of cumbersome and time-consuming adjustment in traditional mechanical locking structures. The first clutch disc 906 is rotatably connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod, and in the unlocked state, the telescopic rod can rotate 360° flexibly. Combined with the length adjustment of the telescopic rod, it can accurately adapt to the differentiated needs of the tunnel inner wall curvature and the steel arch frame installation angle (e.g., the inclined support of the side rod 1000 in curved tunnels and the horizontal lifting of the top rod 1100). Compared with the traditional fixed-angle support structure, there is no need to adjust the equipment position due to changes in the support direction, further improving the operational flexibility of the equipment.

[0061] After the first electromagnetic chuck 907 engages, the strong magnetic attraction ensures that there is no relative slippage between the first clutch disc 906 and the first electromagnetic chuck 907. Simultaneously, the vertical limiting groove on the cylinder rod cooperates with the limiting block of the first electromagnetic chuck 907 to restrict its circumferential rotation, preventing angular displacement due to vibration or heavy load after magnetic locking. This dual limiting structure can withstand vibration and impact during tunnel construction (such as blasting and mechanical traffic interference), ensuring that the telescopic rod maintains a stable angle when supporting the steel arch (5-20t), eliminating the risk of steel arch falling or shifting due to support failure, and improving operational safety. The limiting flange 908 on the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder rod is located below the first electromagnetic chuck 907, limiting the vertical displacement of the electromagnetic chuck and preventing loosening or accidental detachment due to long-term use or vibration. This ensures the structural integrity of the first magnetic clutch component, extends equipment lifespan, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0062] In this embodiment, the piston of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 103 adopts a regular polygonal or elliptical structure, utilizing the anti-rotation characteristics of the non-circular cross-section to prevent the piston from driving the cylinder rod and cylinder body to rotate relative to each other. This design solves the problem of easy self-rotation of traditional circular piston cylinders from the source, ensuring that the cylinder rod always maintains a fixed orientation, thereby ensuring the stability of the adjustment benchmark of the telescopic rod and avoiding problems such as support angle deviation and inaccurate positioning of the support seat 903 caused by the self-rotation of the cylinder rod, providing a basic guarantee for the installation accuracy of the steel arch frame. The absence of self-rotation of the cylinder rod, coupled with the precise locking of the first magnetic clutch, enables quantitative control of the angle and length adjustment of the telescopic rod. The positioning hole 904 and positioning pin 905 of the support seat 903 can be precisely aligned, and the side rod 1000 can accurately fit against the inner wall of the tunnel when supporting. This high-precision collaborative design avoids the error of manual adjustment, ensuring that the installation angle and position of the top rod 1100 and side rod 1000 of the steel arch frame meet the design requirements, improving the integrity and stress uniformity of the support structure.

[0063] The first magnetic clutch unlocks and locks via the energization and de-energization of the electromagnetic chuck. It can be linked with the equipment's hydraulic control system and lifting mechanism 800 for automated adjustment, eliminating the need for manual operation of the locking / unlocking structure. This reduces the labor intensity and skill requirements for operators and avoids insecure locking or adjustment deviations caused by human error. The rapid switching characteristic of the first magnetic clutch allows the adjustable support component 900 to switch between top rod 1100 support and side rod 1000 support modes without disassembly or component replacement, shortening process connection time. Simultaneously, the stable locking state eliminates the need for continuous manual monitoring or auxiliary fixation, allowing operators to focus on the splicing and fixing of the steel arch frame, further improving overall construction efficiency. Example

[0064] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, a ratchet connecting assembly is installed on the vertical support assembly or vertical drive assembly, and the ratchet connecting assembly is connected to the corresponding end of the transverse platform 107. The ratchet connecting assembly includes a support lug 104, a ratchet body 105, and a pawl body 106. The ratchet body 105 is rotatably connected to the vertical support assembly or vertical drive assembly via a shaft, and the pawl body 106 is rotatably connected to the vertical support assembly or vertical drive assembly via a pin. A rigid torsion spring is connected between the pawl body 106 and the pin, and the pawl body 106 cooperates with the ratchet body 105. The support lug 104 is constructed on the ratchet body 105, and when using the transverse platform 107, one end of the transverse platform 107 is supported by the support lug 104 to facilitate work by construction personnel on the transverse platform 107. In this embodiment, two lifting mechanisms 800 can be used to lift the two sides of the transverse platform 107 to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the transverse platform 107 and the foundation 100, or a batch of construction equipment can be placed on the transverse platform 107 for easy hoisting operations.

[0065] In this embodiment, the ratchet body 105 and the pawl body 106 cooperate to achieve a one-way locking function with the preload of a rigid torsion spring. After the transverse platform 107 is supported by the support ear 104, the pawl body 106 is firmly engaged in the tooth groove of the ratchet body 105, restricting the reverse rotation of the ratchet body 105, thereby preventing the transverse platform 107 from sinking or shifting due to vibration, heavy load, or accidental contact. This mechanical locking structure does not require continuous power supply or manual intervention. Even under tunnel blasting vibration and equipment operation interference, it can still maintain stable support, completely solving the safety hazards of loosening and slipping of traditional temporary platforms, and providing a safe and reliable working surface for construction personnel. The integrated structure of the support ear 104 and the ratchet body 105, combined with the rigid connection of the vertical support component (support column 102) or the vertical drive component (vertical hydraulic cylinder 103), forms a stable force transmission path, which can stably support the weight of the transverse platform 107 and construction personnel and tools (suitable for multiple people working simultaneously and placing heavy equipment). Compared to the dispersed stress of traditional modular platforms, this structure has a more concentrated stress and more balanced load-bearing capacity, preventing platform deformation or local collapse and further improving operational safety.

[0066] In this embodiment, two lifting mechanisms 800 can simultaneously lift both sides of the transverse platform 107, easily unlocking the ratchet and pawl engagement to achieve rapid assembly and disassembly of the transverse platform 107 and the foundation 100. This design facilitates disassembly and transportation during equipment relocation and allows for flexible setup or removal of the work platform according to the construction progress, avoiding the cumbersome and time-consuming disassembly and assembly problems of traditional platforms, thus improving the efficiency of process connections. The transverse platform 107 can not only serve as a working base for construction personnel (such as for high-altitude operations like steel arch fixing and equipment maintenance), but also carry batches of construction equipment (such as bolts, welding machines, and anchor bolts). The lifting mechanism 800 enables centralized hoisting of equipment without the need for additional hoisting equipment, reducing the space occupied by equipment in the tunnel and lowering construction costs. This multi-purpose design allows the steel arch installation machine to meet both the needs of steel arch installation and material transfer functions, improving the overall practicality of the equipment. Compared to manual single-trip handling or small tool cart transfer, it significantly reduces the frequency of transportation, shortens material transfer time, and indirectly improves the overall construction progress.

[0067] The ratchet connection assembly has flexible installation position (it can be assembled into the vertical support assembly or the vertical drive assembly). Combined with the detachable feature of the horizontal platform 107, it can not only meet the temporary operation needs during the installation of steel arch frames, but also serve as a maintenance platform during equipment maintenance. It can also be used for short-distance hoisting of batch materials, adapting to the differentiated needs of multiple processes and scenarios in tunnel construction, and avoiding resource waste caused by the single function of the equipment. Example

[0068] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the movable material basket 200 includes a base plate 201. Multiple plug-in plates 204 are constructed at one end of the base plate 201 near the foundation 100, and these plug-in plates 204 are spaced laterally along the tunnel. Multiple plug-in slots 110 are formed on the foundation 100 corresponding to the multiple plug-in plates 204, and each plug-in plate 204 is movably inserted into its corresponding slot 110. Multiple vertical rods 202 are installed on the base plate 201 at lateral intervals along the tunnel, and these vertical rods 202 are connected to multiple horizontal guardrails 203, which are spaced vertically. Multiple mounting brackets 109 are constructed at lateral intervals along the tunnel on the side of the foundation 100 near the movable material basket 200. Vertical stops are installed on each mounting bracket 109, and multiple horizontal guardrails 203 can also be installed on these vertical stops, thereby creating a material placement space between the movable material basket 200 and the foundation 100.

[0069] In this embodiment, the vertical bars 202 on the base plate 201 and the multi-layer horizontal guardrails 203 form a closed protective structure, which can stably confine the steel arch frame side bars 1000, top bars 1100 and other components within the movable material basket 200, preventing components from colliding or slipping due to equipment movement or tunnel vibration. At the same time, the vertical stops on the mounting brackets 109 of the foundation base 100 cooperate with the horizontal guardrails 203 to form a complete material placement space between the material basket and the foundation base 100, further preventing components from shifting during transportation and hoisting, protecting the anti-corrosion layer and structural integrity of the steel arch frame, and solving the problems of easy wear and tear and easy falling in traditional open storage.

[0070] The plug-in plate 204 of the movable material basket 200 and the plug-in slot 110 of the base 100 fit precisely together, allowing for rapid assembly and insertion depth adjustment of the material basket and the base 100 without the need for complex bolt fixing. This design facilitates disassembly and transportation during equipment relocation and allows for flexible adjustment of the material placement space size according to construction needs, effectively restricting the components within the material placement space and preventing components from becoming misaligned or falling off. Example

[0071] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the opening and closing drive mechanism 300 includes a dual-axis motor 304 and two transmission screws 301. These two transmission screws 301 are spaced laterally along the tunnel at the lower end of the base 100. Each transmission screw 301 is rotatably connected to multiple connecting seats 302, and each connecting seat 302 is detachably connected to the lower end of the base 100. The dual-axis motor 304 is also mounted at the lower end of the base 100. One of the transmission screws 301 is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the dual-axis motor 304. Each transmission screw 301 has threaded portions 303 at both ends. Each movable basket 200 has two transmission ears 205, and each transmission ear 205 is equipped with a second magnetic clutch 400. The transmission screws 301 are drive-connected to their corresponding threaded portions 303. Transmission wheels 305 are mounted on each of the two transmission screws 301, and the two transmission wheels 305 are drive-connected via a transmission chain 306.

[0072] In this embodiment, the second magnetic clutch 400 includes an internal threaded sleeve 401. An assembly hole 206 is provided on the transmission ear 205. The internal threaded sleeve 401 is rotatably assembled in the assembly hole 206. A limit ring 402 is detachably connected to one axial end of the internal threaded sleeve 401. A second clutch disc 403 is fixed to the other end of the internal threaded sleeve 401. A second electromagnetic chuck 407 is elastically connected to the movable basket 200. The transmission screw 301 passes through the limit ring 402, the internal threaded sleeve 401, the second clutch disc 403, and the second electromagnetic chuck 407 in sequence, and the transmission screw 301 is threadedly connected to the internal threaded sleeve 401. The specific connection method between the second electromagnetic chuck 407 and the movable basket 200 is as follows: two adapter seats 405 are symmetrically installed on the second electromagnetic chuck 407. A connecting post 404 is movably connected to each adapter seat 405. The connecting post 404 is fixedly connected to the transmission ear 205, and extends along the axis of the transmission screw 301. A connecting spring 406 is fitted around the connecting post 404. The two ends of the connecting spring 406 are respectively connected to the ends of the adapter seat 405 and the connecting seat 302.

[0073] In this embodiment, when the second electromagnetic chuck 407 is energized and engaged, the second clutch disc 403 tightly engages with the second electromagnetic chuck 407, locking the circumferential rotation of the inner threaded sleeve 401. At this time, the transmission screw 301 rotates, and through thread engagement with the inner threaded sleeve 401, the rotational motion is converted into linear movement of the movable basket 200, achieving precise opening and closing of the movable basket 200. The dual-axis motor 304 drives the dual transmission screws 301 to rotate synchronously, which can drive the movable baskets 200 at both ends to move simultaneously. Alternatively, the opening and closing of a single movable basket 200 can be achieved by individually controlling the engagement of the second magnetic clutch 400 on one side, adapting to differentiated operational needs such as single-sided material retrieval and double-sided material storage, and solving the drawback of traditional drive mechanisms that cannot independently control a single-end basket. When the second electromagnetic chuck 407 is de-energized and disengaged, the internal threaded sleeve 401 releases its circumferential lock. When the transmission screw 301 rotates, it only drives the internal threaded sleeve 401 to rotate freely within the mounting hole 206 of the transmission lug 205, while the movable basket 200 remains stationary. This design allows for precise positioning of the movable basket 200 at any location, eliminating the need for frequent starting and stopping of the dual-axis motor 304 to fix the position of the movable basket 200. This facilitates the operation of operators in taking steel arch structure components out of the movable basket 200. Furthermore, the position of the movable basket 200 can be manually fine-tuned in the disengaged state, further improving the accuracy of material handling and lifting docking.

[0074] In this embodiment, the transmission / idle state can be quickly switched by turning the first electromagnetic chuck 907 on and off, without the need for manual disassembly or locking of the mechanical structure. The operation process is simple, efficient, and has a fast response speed. Operators can switch via remote control or on-site buttons, without close contact with transmission components, reducing labor intensity and safety risks. The two transmission screws 301 are linked to the transmission chain 306 through the transmission wheel 305, and with the synchronous engagement / disengagement of the second magnetic clutches 400 on both sides, it ensures that the moving baskets 200 at both ends move at the same speed and are symmetrically positioned, avoiding tilting or jamming of the moving baskets 200 due to lag in transmission on one side. At the same time, the smoothness of the threaded transmission can prevent the steel arch frame components inside the moving baskets 200 from being bumped and collided, protecting the integrity of the component structure and anti-corrosion layer. Example

[0075] like Figure 3 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, sliding rails 111 are constructed on both sides of the base 100, and each end pivot mechanism 500 is slidably mounted on the corresponding sliding rail 111. The end pivot mechanism 500 includes a sliding seat 501 and a connecting shaft 503. The sliding seat 501 is slidably mounted on the sliding rail 111 and can slide along the length of the tunnel. Two connecting ears 502 are spaced apart on the sliding seat 501 along its sliding direction, and two fastening members are symmetrically installed between the two connecting ears 502. The connecting shaft 503 is rotatably connected to the two connecting ears 502, and the connecting shaft 503 is threaded in the forward direction to one of the fastening members and threaded in the reverse direction to the other fastening member. An operating handwheel 504 is installed at one end of the connecting shaft 503, forming a fastening gap 510 between the two fastening members. Each fastener includes a connecting portion 505 threadedly connected to a connecting shaft 503. A first vertically extending slot 506 is formed in the connecting portion 505. An extension portion 507 is provided at the end of the connecting portion 505 away from the connecting shaft 503. A second slot 508 is formed in the extension portion 507. The extension portion 507 is connected to the connecting portion 505 by a connecting bolt. The connecting bolt connects the overlapping portions of the first slot 506 and the second slot 508. A limiting edge 509 is constructed at the end of the extension portion 507 away from the connecting portion 505. When the lower end of the side rod 1000 is fastened, one side surface of the side rod 1000 contacts the limiting edge 509. Furthermore, it can be used in conjunction with a lifting mechanism 800 to lift the side rod 1000, specifically as follows... Figure 15 The lifting process shown.

[0076] In this embodiment, the connecting shaft 503 and the two fastening parts are connected by forward and reverse threads, respectively. Rotating the operating handwheel 504 can drive the two fastening parts to move synchronously in opposite directions, precisely controlling the size of the fastening gap 510. This design can tightly fit the lower end of the steel arch frame side rods 1000 of different diameters, avoiding radial displacement of the side rods 1000 during the fixing process, ensuring the splicing accuracy of the side rods 1000 and the top rod 1100, and thus ensuring that the circumferential verticality (deviation ≤3°) and radial spacing (±5cm) of the steel arch frame meet the design requirements, solving the problems of vague positioning and large deviation in traditional manual fixing. The sliding seat 501 can slide flexibly along the sliding rail 111 of the foundation seat 100 along the tunnel length direction, driving the end pivot mechanism 500 to adjust its position as a whole. It can form a linkage with the lifting mechanism 800 and the adjustable receiving component 900, accurately matching the installation height and longitudinal position of the side rods 1000, avoiding overall assembly misalignment caused by the positioning deviation of the side rods 1000, and improving the overall integrity of the support structure.

[0077] In this embodiment, the extension 507 and the connecting part 505 of the fastening component are connected through the first strip hole 506, the second strip hole 508, and the connecting bolt. Loosening the connecting bolt allows adjustment of the extension length of the extension 507, thereby changing the position of the limiting edge 509 to adapt to steel arch side rods 1000 with different cross-sectional dimensions and lengths. Compared with traditional fixed-size fastening structures, no special parts need to be replaced, significantly improving the equipment's adaptability to multiple specifications of steel arches and reducing construction costs. The limiting edge 509 at the end of the extension 507 can make close contact with one side surface of the side rod 1000, forming a lateral limiting. Combined with the clamping force of the fastening gap 510, the side rod 1000 is fixed in both clamping and limiting directions, preventing circumferential rotation or displacement of the side rod 1000 during welding, bolting, and other fixing operations, further improving the reliability of the fixation.

[0078] The end pivot mechanism 500 can slide to the predetermined position in advance. After the lifting mechanism 800 lifts the side rod 1000 to the installation position, the fastening and fixing are completed quickly. There is no need for manual support of the side rod 1000 for a long time. This achieves seamless connection of the lifting, positioning and fixing processes, avoids process interruption and shortens the construction cycle.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel arch installation machine applied to tunnel construction, characterized in that: The system includes a base with multiple wheels mounted on its lower end. Movable material baskets are movably mounted at both ends of the base along the tunnel's extension direction. An opening and closing drive mechanism connects the two movable material baskets to the base. End pivot mechanisms, movable along the tunnel's length, are movably connected to both sides of the base, used to fix the ends of the steel arch frame. Drive rails extending along the tunnel's length are mounted on both sides of the upper end of the base. Linear traveling members are mounted on each drive rail, and a lifting mechanism is mounted on each linear traveling member. The base includes a base body, with vertical support components mounted on both sides of the base body. Each vertical support component is connected to a corresponding drive rail via a vertical drive component. A [missing information - likely a component name] is mounted on the vertical drive component. The system is equipped with an adjustable receiving assembly; the vertical support assembly includes two support columns spaced apart along the length of the tunnel, and the vertical drive assembly includes two vertical hydraulic cylinders, each connected to one of the two support columns; the transmission rail includes two rail bodies arranged sequentially along the length of the tunnel, with each vertical hydraulic cylinder connected to its corresponding rail body; the adjustable receiving assembly includes a telescopic rod rotatably mounted on the cylinder rod of each vertical hydraulic cylinder, a first magnetic clutch is constructed between the telescopic rod and the cylinder rod, a receiving seat is installed at the end of the telescopic rod away from the vertical hydraulic cylinder, a positioning hole is provided at the center of the upper end of the receiving seat, and a positioning pin is constructed at the center of the lower end of the receiving seat. When the two receiving seats are stacked, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole.

2. The steel arch installation machine applied to tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnetic clutch includes a first clutch disc fixed to the end of the telescopic rod and rotatably connected to the cylinder rod of the vertical hydraulic cylinder. A first electromagnetic chuck is movably mounted on the cylinder rod. A vertically extending limiting groove is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder rod at the location of the first electromagnetic chuck. A limiting block is constructed on the inner peripheral wall of the first electromagnetic chuck. The limiting block is movably assembled in the limiting groove. A limiting stop is constructed on the outer peripheral wall of the cylinder rod below the first electromagnetic chuck.

3. The steel arch installation machine for tunnel construction of claim 1, wherein: A ratchet connection assembly is installed on the vertical support assembly or the vertical drive assembly, and the ratchet connection assembly is connected to the corresponding end of the horizontal platform.

4. The steel arch installation machine for tunnel construction of claim 1, wherein: The opening and closing drive mechanism includes two transmission screws rotatably connected to the lower end of the foundation at a lateral interval along the tunnel. One of the transmission screws is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the dual-axis motor, and each end of each transmission screw is connected to the corresponding movable material basket through a second magnetic clutch. Transmission wheels are respectively mounted on the two transmission screws, and the two transmission wheels are connected by a transmission chain.

5. The steel arch installation machine for tunnel construction of claim 4, wherein: The second magnetic clutch includes an internally threaded sleeve rotatably connected to a movable basket. Limiting rings and a second clutch disc are respectively assembled at both ends of the internally threaded sleeve. A second electromagnetic chuck is elastically connected to the movable basket. A transmission screw passes through the limiting ring, the internally threaded sleeve, the second clutch disc, and the second electromagnetic chuck in sequence, and the transmission screw is threadedly connected to the internally threaded sleeve.

6. The steel arch installation machine for tunnel construction of claim 1, wherein: The end pivoting mechanism includes a sliding seat that is slidably connected to the base along the length of the tunnel. Two connecting ears are spaced apart on the sliding seat along its sliding direction. Two fastening members are symmetrically installed between the two connecting ears. A connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the two connecting ears. The connecting shaft is threaded in the forward direction to one of the fastening members and threaded in the reverse direction to the other fastening member, forming a fastening gap between the two fastening members.

7. The steel arch installation machine for tunnel construction of claim 6, wherein: Each of the fastening components includes a connecting portion that is threadedly connected to a connecting shaft, a first strip-shaped hole extending vertically is provided on the connecting portion, an extension portion is provided at the end of the connecting portion away from the connecting shaft, a second strip-shaped hole is provided on the extension portion, the extension portion and the connecting portion are connected by a connecting bolt, the connecting bolt connects the overlapping parts of the first strip-shaped hole and the second strip-shaped hole, and a limiting edge is constructed at the end of the extension portion away from the connecting portion.

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