Thermal management system and thermal management method for solid hydrogen storage production and storage coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage production and storage coupled thermal management system and a thermal management method, and solves the problems of low system compactness and energy waste caused by scattered arrangement of solid hydrogen storage production and storage equipment in the prior art. The invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage production and storage coupling heat management system which comprises a cascade heat pump module, a water electrolysis module, a hydrogen storage module and a heat storage module. The cascade heat pump module comprises a low-temperature-stage heat pump unit and a high-temperature-stage heat pump unit. The water electrolysis module is connected with the starting side heat exchanger and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger; the hydrogen storage module is connected with the heat storage module and the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger, and the heat storage module is connected with the high-temperature-stage heat exchanger. By overlapping the heat pump system, the electrolyzed water system, the solid hydrogen storage system and the heat storage tank, integration of heat management functions of all parts of the system is achieved, the problems of low system compactness, large redundancy and the like caused by scattered arrangement of equipment in a traditional scheme are effectively solved, and the overall efficiency and the space utilization rate of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, and in particular to a solid-state hydrogen storage and thermal energy utilization system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing penetration of renewable energy in power systems, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, as a key means of electro-hydrogen conversion technology, has become an important tool for enhancing the flexibility and energy storage capacity of integrated energy systems. Currently, integrated hydrogen production, storage, and power generation systems have complex thermal management requirements, including waste heat generation during electro-hydrogen conversion, the need for low-temperature start-up heating of the electrolyzer, and the release or absorption of heat during hydrogen absorption / desorption by solid-state hydrogen storage (such as LaNi5 and TiMn2 materials). Conventional solutions manage the thermal of these components through independent devices such as circulating cooling water pumps, electrolyzer cooling systems, solid-state hydrogen storage heaters, and refrigeration systems, resulting in additional energy waste. Furthermore, during hydrogen production in the electrolyzer, most of the energy is dissipated as heat, and the waste heat generated in the water pump cooling system is released into the environment, causing significant energy waste. Simultaneously, excessively high or low temperatures during the absorption and desorption of solid-state hydrogen storage significantly affect the hydrogen storage and release rate, reaction equilibrium, and material lifespan. The dispersed layout and low compactness of the system increase equipment redundancy and reduce usable space. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thermal management system and control method for solid-state hydrogen storage and production coupled with hydrogen production.

[0003] Analysis revealed a temperature gradient in the above thermal management requirements: the electrolyzer requires preheating at 30-40°C to start up; a large amount of medium-low temperature waste heat at 60-75°C is generated during the electro-hydrogen conversion process; solid-state hydrogen storage generates waste heat at 30-50°C when absorbing hydrogen; and hydrogen release requires heating at 70-80°C. This exhibits a certain energy gradient. Furthermore, during equipment operation, if low-grade waste heat can be upgraded to high-grade heat sources to achieve cross-energy utilization, reduce electricity consumption, and effectively utilize and recover heat in the system, this is a key issue in achieving efficient thermal management of solid-state hydrogen storage energy systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a thermal management system and method for solid-state hydrogen storage production coupled with thermal management, which solves the problems of low system compactness and energy waste caused by the decentralized layout of solid-state hydrogen storage production equipment in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A coupled thermal management system for solid-state hydrogen storage and production includes a cascade heat pump module, a water electrolysis module, a hydrogen storage module, and a thermal storage module; the cascade heat pump module includes a low-temperature stage heat pump unit and a high-temperature stage heat pump unit. The low-temperature stage heat pump unit includes a low-temperature stage compressor, an air-side heat exchanger, a hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger, and an intermediate heat exchanger and a start-up-side heat exchanger connected in parallel. The low-temperature stage compressor is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger and the start-up-side heat exchanger respectively through a sixth three-way valve. The intermediate heat exchanger and the start-up-side heat exchanger are connected to the air-side heat exchanger and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger through a third three-way valve and a fourth three-way valve, respectively. The air-side heat exchanger and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger are connected to the low-temperature stage compressor through a fifth three-way valve. The high-temperature stage heat pump unit includes a high-temperature stage compressor, a high-temperature stage heat exchanger, and a hydrogen production-side heat exchanger. The high-temperature stage compressor is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger, which is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger via a first three-way valve. The intermediate heat exchanger and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger are connected to the high-temperature stage compressor via a second three-way valve. The water electrolysis module is connected to the start-up-side heat exchanger and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger; the hydrogen storage module is connected to the heat storage module and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger, and the heat storage module is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger. This invention employs a cascade cycle for efficient heating, with clear division of labor in the two-stage compression. The low-temperature stage processes low-grade heat energy, while the high-temperature stage produces high-grade heat energy. Compared to a single-stage heat pump, it has a lower compression ratio and higher energy efficiency. Waste heat is recovered in stages; the heat generated by the water electrolysis module and the heat released during hydrogen charging of the solid hydrogen storage module can be recovered through the corresponding heat exchangers and, after being upgraded by the cascade heat pump, used for self-preheating or for the heat storage module, reducing auxiliary energy consumption such as electric heating. This invention features a highly integrated and compact system that combines four major functions: hydrogen production via water electrolysis, solid-state hydrogen storage, thermal storage, and an air-source heat pump. It shares core components such as compressors and heat exchangers, reducing floor space and piping costs compared to distributed systems. A single system simultaneously manages three heat flows: hydrogen production heat, hydrogen storage heat, and thermal storage heat, avoiding redundant investment in multiple temperature control devices and reducing initial investment and maintenance costs.

[0006] Further preferred, the low-temperature stage heat pump unit also includes a low-temperature side expansion valve and a low-temperature side liquid receiver. The inlet of the low-temperature side liquid receiver is connected to a third three-way valve, and the outlet is connected to the low-temperature side expansion valve. The outlet of the low-temperature side expansion valve is connected to a fourth three-way valve. The high-temperature stage heat pump unit also includes a high-temperature side liquid receiver and a high-temperature side expansion valve. The inlet of the high-temperature side liquid receiver is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger, and the outlet is connected to the high-temperature side expansion valve. The high-temperature side expansion valve is connected to a first three-way valve.

[0007] Further preferably, the water electrolysis module includes a water electrolysis device, a first expansion tank, and a first water pump. The first water pump is installed on the cooling pipeline between the start-up side heat exchanger and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger. The cooling outlet of the water electrolysis device is connected to the start-up side heat exchanger, the cooling inlet of the water electrolysis device is connected to the first expansion tank, and the first expansion tank is connected to the hydrogen production side heat exchanger.

[0008] Further optimized, the thermal storage module includes a thermal storage tank and a second water pump. The thermal storage tank is connected to a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe. The inlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the second water pump via a seventh three-way valve, and the second water pump is connected to a high-temperature stage heat exchanger. The outlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger via a thirteenth-way valve. The inlet end of the second branch pipe is connected to the hydrogen storage module via a ninth three-way valve, and the ninth three-way valve is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger via a thirteenth-way valve. The outlet end of the second branch pipe is connected to an eighth three-way valve via a fourth water pump, and the seventh three-way valve is connected to the eighth three-way valve.

[0009] Further preferred, the hydrogen storage module includes a hydrogen storage unit and a third water pump. The heating port of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the eighth three-way valve, and the heat release port of the hydrogen storage unit is connected to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger. The hydrogen storage side heat exchanger is connected to the third water pump through the second expansion tank. The third water pump is connected to the hydrogen storage unit, and the third expansion tank is connected to the ninth three-way valve.

[0010] A thermal management method for a solid-state hydrogen production and storage coupled thermal management system, employing the aforementioned system, includes four operating modes: a low-temperature start-up mode for the water electrolysis unit, a hydrogen production-storage module charging mode, a hydrogen storage module discharging mode, and a hydrogen production-storage module discharging mode. In the low-temperature start-up mode, the high-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit heats the coolant of the water electrolysis module through the start-up-side heat exchanger. In the hydrogen production-storage module charging mode, the low-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit heats the coolant of the hydrogen storage module through the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger. The generated waste heat is absorbed and transformed into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant after passing through a low-temperature stage compressor. This refrigerant then exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the high-temperature stage heat pump unit via an intermediate heat exchanger. At this point, the high-temperature stage heat pump unit and the low-temperature stage heat pump unit are coupled to form a cascade heat pump system. Simultaneously, the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger absorbs heat from the high-temperature coolant in the water electrolysis module and exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the high-temperature stage heat pump unit. In the hydrogen storage module's hydrogen release mode, the high-temperature stage heat pump unit and the low-temperature stage heat pump unit are coupled to form a cascade heat pump system, and the heat storage module supplies heat to the hydrogen storage module. In the electrolysis hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module hydrogen release mode, both the water electrolysis module and the hydrogen storage module supply hydrogen simultaneously.

[0011] In the low-temperature start-up mode of the water electrolysis unit, the hydrogen production side heat exchanger is connected as a normal pipeline. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor flows sequentially through the second and third ports of the sixth three-way valve and enters the start-up side heat exchanger for heat exchange. The refrigerant from the start-up side heat exchanger flows sequentially through the third and second ports of the third three-way valve, and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve to the air side heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the air side heat exchanger flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor. The coolant of the water electrolysis module is heated by the start-up side heat exchanger, and the heated coolant enters the water electrolysis unit through the hydrogen production side heat exchanger for low-temperature heating.

[0012] In the hydrogen charging mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production-storage module, the start-up side heat exchanger is connected as a normal pipeline. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant from the cryogenic stage compressor flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve and enters the intermediate heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve, and then through the third and second ports of the fourth three-way valve to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the fifth three-way valve and re-enters the cryogenic stage compressor. The cryogenic refrigerant from the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows in from the first port of the first three-way valve, is split, flows out from the third port to the hydrogen production side heat exchanger, and then flows out from the second port to the intermediate heat exchanger, and then... After the first and third ports of the second three-way valve are combined and mixed, the coolant flows from the second port of the second three-way valve into the high-temperature stage compressor, and then exchanges heat with the high-temperature side heat exchanger to the coolant in the thermal storage module. The coolant in the thermal storage module enters the high-temperature side heat exchanger through the second and third ports of the thirteenth-way valve, and then flows back to the thermal storage tank through the second water pump, the first port and the second port of the seventh three-way valve. The high-temperature coolant in the water electrolysis module enters the hydrogen production side heat exchanger through the first water pump, and the coolant after heat exchange flows back to the water electrolysis device through the first expansion tank to dissipate heat from the water electrolysis device. The high-temperature coolant in the hydrogen storage module flows to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger, and the coolant after heat exchange flows back to the hydrogen storage unit through the second expansion tank and the third water pump to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage module.

[0013] In the hydrogen release mode of the hydrogen storage module, the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant from the cryogenic compressor flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve and enters the intermediate heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve, and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve towards the air-side heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the air-side heat exchanger flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve and re-enters the cryogenic compressor. The cryogenic refrigerant from the high-temperature heat pump unit flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the first three-way valve into the intermediate heat exchanger, then mixes and merges through the first and third ports of the second three-way valve before flowing into the high-temperature compressor from the second port of the second three-way valve. The side heat exchanger exchanges heat to the coolant in the thermal storage module; the hydrogen storage module needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen, and its heat extraction has two branches. In the first branch, the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature side heat exchanger flows to the hydrogen storage unit through the second water pump, the first and third ports of the seventh three-way valve, and the first and third ports of the eighth three-way valve, and then flows back to the high-temperature side heat exchanger through the third expansion tank, the second and first ports of the ninth three-way valve, and the first and third ports of the thirteenth thirteenth valve. In the second branch, the high-temperature coolant in the thermal storage tank flows sequentially through the fourth water pump to the second and third ports of the eighth three-way valve and enters the hydrogen storage unit; the third expansion tank, the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve; and then flows back to the thermal storage tank through the third expansion tank and the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve.

[0014] In the hydrogen release mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production-storage module, the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant from the cryogenic stage compressor flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve and enters the intermediate heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve, and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve towards the air-side heat exchanger. The refrigerant from the air-side heat exchanger flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve and re-enters the cryogenic stage compressor. The cryogenic refrigerant from the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows in from the first port of the first three-way valve, is split, flows out from the third port to the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger, and then flows out from the second port to the intermediate heat exchanger. After being mixed and merged through the first and third ports of the second three-way valve, it flows into the second port of the second three-way valve. The high-temperature compressor then transfers heat to the coolant in the thermal storage module via a high-temperature side heat exchanger. The hydrogen storage module needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen, and its heat extraction has two branches. In the first branch, the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature side heat exchanger flows to the hydrogen storage unit via the second water pump, the first and third ports of the seventh three-way valve, and the first and third ports of the eighth three-way valve. It then flows back to the high-temperature side heat exchanger via the third expansion tank, the second and first ports of the ninth three-way valve, and the first and third ports of the thirteenth ...

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention targets a solid-state hydrogen storage-to-energy coupled thermal management system, employing a cascade cycle for efficient heating. The two-stage compression has a clear division of labor: the low-temperature stage processes low-grade heat energy, while the high-temperature stage produces high-grade heat energy. Compared to single-stage heat pumps, it has a lower compression ratio and higher energy efficiency. Through the combined design of the cascade heat pump system, water electrolysis system, solid-state hydrogen storage system, and thermal storage tank, the thermal management functions of each component of the system are integrated, effectively solving the problems of low system compactness and high redundancy caused by the dispersed arrangement of equipment in traditional solutions, thus improving the overall system efficiency and space utilization. The cascade heat pump system enables the effective utilization of low-temperature start-up heat supply and waste heat generated during system operation, upgrading low-grade heat energy to a high-grade heat source, achieving cross-energy utilization, significantly reducing electricity consumption, and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. By employing a cascade heat pump system, a water electrolysis system, a solid-state hydrogen storage system, and a thermal storage tank, the operating mode and valve switching of the heat pump system are adjusted under different operating conditions. This enables the supply of heat for low-temperature startup and the utilization of waste heat generated during system operation. The waste heat generated is then converted into high-quality energy by the heat pump and stored in the thermal storage tank for use in hot-end applications. Precise temperature control of the solid-state hydrogen storage system during hydrogen charging and discharging effectively improves system operating efficiency. Furthermore, this invention utilizes a cascade heat pump system to meet wide temperature ranges and different operating conditions, achieving comprehensive thermal management of solid-state hydrogen production, storage, and utilization. The thermal management system replaces traditional electric heating and independent cooling equipment, extracting heat from the environment, effectively reducing system energy consumption, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, improving waste heat utilization efficiency, and enhancing the integration of system equipment.

[0016] This invention's thermal management system method arranges multiple heat exchangers in the high and low temperature zones of a cascade heat pump system and uses diverting valves to control the refrigerant flow path, enabling a single system to meet the equipment's thermal management needs under multiple operating conditions. This allows for flexible switching between heating and cooling modes, while simultaneously converting waste heat generated by the equipment into a high-quality heat source stored in a heat storage tank for energy recovery and utilization, reducing electricity consumption. Furthermore, this invention's thermal management method, through mode switching based on thermal management needs and operating conditions, achieves gradient waste heat utilization of the system. The system also utilizes the cascade heat pump to extract heat from the environment for supplementation, reducing the impact of insufficient waste heat from the equipment and replacing traditional electric heating, thus improving energy efficiency. Through mode switching and hierarchical control strategies, the system achieves flexible switching and dynamic adjustment under different operating conditions, meeting diverse needs under heating and cooling modes and improving the system's adaptability and response speed. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall system layout of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature start-up mode of the water electrolysis device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen charging mode of the electrolytic hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen release mode of the hydrogen storage module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen release mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, a coupled thermal management system for solid-state hydrogen storage and production includes a cascade heat pump module, a water electrolysis module, a hydrogen storage module, and a thermal storage module. Through the combined design of the cascade heat pump system, water electrolysis system, solid-state hydrogen storage system, and thermal storage tank, the thermal management functions of each component are integrated, effectively solving the problems of low system compactness and high redundancy caused by the dispersed arrangement of equipment in traditional solutions, thus improving the overall system efficiency and space utilization. The cascade heat pump module includes a low-temperature stage heat pump unit and a high-temperature stage heat pump unit. Using the cascade heat pump system enables the effective utilization of low-temperature start-up heat supply and waste heat generated during system operation, upgrading low-grade heat energy to a high-grade heat source, achieving cross-energy utilization, significantly reducing electricity consumption, and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0021] Specifically, the low-temperature stage heat pump unit includes a low-temperature stage compressor 19, an air-side heat exchanger 17, a hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25, and an intermediate heat exchanger 12 and a start-up-side heat exchanger 3 connected in parallel. The low-temperature stage compressor 19 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the start-up-side heat exchanger 3 respectively through a sixth three-way valve 20. The intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the start-up-side heat exchanger 3 are connected to the air-side heat exchanger 17 and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25 through a third three-way valve 13 and a fourth three-way valve 16. The sixth and third three-way valves are used to switch the start-up mode of the water electrolysis module. The air-side heat exchanger 17 and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25 are connected to the low-temperature stage compressor 19 through a fifth three-way valve 18. The fourth and fifth three-way valves are used to switch the heat dissipation mode of the solid hydrogen storage module. The intermediate heat exchanger is used as a high-temperature stage evaporator and a low-temperature stage condenser, connecting the high and low temperature stage heat pump units. The air-side heat exchanger 17 is used as an evaporator in the low-temperature heat pump unit to dissipate heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and change it to a low-temperature and low-pressure state for heat exchange with the air in the environment.

[0022] The high-temperature heat pump unit includes a high-temperature compressor 10, a high-temperature heat exchanger 9, and a hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5. The high-temperature compressor 10 is connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger 9. The high-temperature heat exchanger 9 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5 via a first three-way valve 6. The intermediate heat exchanger 12 and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5 are connected to the high-temperature compressor 10 via a second three-way valve 11. The first and second three-way valves are used to switch the heat dissipation mode of the water electrolysis module. The water electrolysis module is connected to the start-up-side heat exchanger 3 and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5. The hydrogen storage module is connected to the heat storage module and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25. The heat storage module is connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger 9. Both the high-temperature stage compressor 10 of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit and the low-temperature stage compressor 19 of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit adopt variable frequency screw compressors. This type of compressor has the ability to adjust the output power to match different working modes, and at the same time has the dynamic response requirements of the underlying control strategy to meet the needs of system thermal management. The two types of heat pump units realize flexible switching of refrigerant flow paths through three-way reversing valves and solenoid valves. Through the cooperation of the heat pump system and the heat storage tank, the waste heat generated by the system can be stored and recovered for reuse, avoiding the energy waste caused by the direct discharge of waste heat in traditional solutions, and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0023] The low-temperature heat pump unit is used to start heating the water electrolysis module at low temperatures; it also switches operating modes via valves to dissipate heat during hydrogen charging of the solid-state hydrogen storage module; furthermore, the low-temperature heat pump unit provides supplemental heat to the high-temperature heat pump unit; in this case, the low-temperature and high-temperature heat pump units constitute a cascade heat pump system. The high-temperature heat pump unit is used for heat dissipation during stable operation of the water electrolysis module; it can also be used to upgrade low-grade waste heat to high-grade waste heat and store it in the thermal storage module.

[0024] The low-temperature coolant in the water electrolysis module of the start-up side heat exchanger 3 absorbs heat from the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant in the low-temperature stage heat pump unit through pipelines to raise the temperature of the electrolyzer. The hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5, used for the water electrolysis heat dissipation model, absorbs the waste heat generated during water electrolysis from the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant of the high-temperature heat pump unit. The high-temperature side heat exchanger 9 is used to convert the waste heat generated by the system into high-quality heat after it has been raised by the high-temperature stage heat pump 10, and then absorbed by the heat storage tank through the high-temperature side heat exchanger. The hydrogen storage side heat exchanger 25 absorbs the waste heat generated during the hydrogen absorption process of the hydrogen storage unit 24 through pipeline coolant, and then the waste heat is absorbed by the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant of the low-temperature heat pump through the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger 25, managing the heat dissipation during the hydrogen storage process; the intermediate heat exchanger 12 simultaneously serves as the condenser of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit and the evaporator of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit.

[0025] In this preferred embodiment, the low-temperature stage heat pump unit further includes a low-temperature side expansion valve 15 and a low-temperature side liquid receiver 14. The inlet of the low-temperature side liquid receiver 14 is connected to a third three-way valve 13, and the outlet is connected to the low-temperature side expansion valve 15. The outlet of the low-temperature side expansion valve 15 is connected to a fourth three-way valve 16. The high-temperature stage heat pump unit further includes a high-temperature side liquid receiver 8 and a high-temperature side expansion valve 7. The inlet of the high-temperature side liquid receiver 8 is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger 9, and the outlet is connected to the high-temperature side expansion valve 7. The high-temperature side expansion valve 7 is connected to a first three-way valve 6. Expansion valves 7 and 15 achieve isenthalpic throttling of the refrigerant from a high-pressure condensing state to a low-pressure evaporating state. Liquid receivers 8 and 14 absorb or replenish excess / insufficient refrigerant in the system during operating condition switching or load fluctuations, maintaining stable high and low pressure sides and preventing liquid carryover during compressor suction or overpressure during discharge. In a cascade system, the heat transfer temperature difference of the intermediate heat exchanger changes significantly. The liquid receiver can effectively buffer refrigerant migration caused by temperature changes and maintain the mass balance of the two-stage cycle. When the three-way valve switches off, the receiver can quickly redistribute the refrigerant, reducing pressure surges and energy losses during mode transitions. The addition of the receiver and expansion valve elevates the system from functional integration to dynamic optimization, enabling it to truly operate reliably in all weather conditions and under multiple operating conditions.

[0026] Example 2 provides a further optimization of the solid-state hydrogen storage-to-storage coupled thermal management system based on Example 1. In this example, the water electrolysis module includes an electrolysis device 2, a first expansion tank 1, and a first water pump 4. The first water pump 4 is installed on the cooling pipeline between the start-up-side heat exchanger 3 and the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5. The cooling outlet of the electrolysis device 2 is connected to the start-up-side heat exchanger 3, and the cooling inlet of the electrolysis device 2 is connected to the first expansion tank 1. The first expansion tank 1 is connected to the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5. The first water pump 4 is configured to drive cooling water to circulate in the cooling water path flowing through the electrolysis device 2 to manage the operating temperature of the electrolysis device 2. The first expansion tank, connected to the circulation loop of the electrolysis device 2, is used to accommodate the volume expansion and contraction of the heat transfer medium in the loop due to temperature changes, thereby maintaining stable system pressure.

[0027] The electrolyzer module manages temperature and heat through the start-up side heat exchanger 3 and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5. When the water electrolysis unit 2 is in low-temperature start-up mode, the start-up side heat exchanger 3 exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat pump module to accelerate the start-up of the water electrolysis module. At this time, the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5 is connected as a normal pipeline. When the water electrolysis unit 2 is in hydrogen production and heat dissipation mode, the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5 exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat pump module to boost the generated waste heat and store it in the heat storage module. At this time, the start-up side heat exchanger 3 is connected as a normal pipeline.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, the thermal storage module includes a thermal storage tank 30 and a second water pump 21. The thermal storage tank 30 is connected to a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe. The inlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the second water pump 21 via a seventh three-way valve 7, and the second water pump 21 is connected to a high-temperature stage heat exchanger 9. The outlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger 9 via a thirteenth-way valve 32. The inlet end of the second branch pipe is connected to the hydrogen storage module via a ninth three-way valve 31, and the ninth three-way valve 31 is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger 9 via the thirteenth-way valve 32. The outlet end of the second branch pipe is connected to an eighth three-way valve 23 via a fourth water pump 29, and the seventh three-way valve 7 is connected to the eighth three-way valve 23. The second water pump 21 and the fourth water pump 29 are configured to drive cooling water to circulate in the cooling water passage flowing through the thermal storage tank 30 to manage the operating temperature of the thermal storage tank 30. The thermal storage module and the cascade heat pump system exchange heat through the high-temperature heat exchanger 9 of the high-temperature heat pump unit. The waste heat generated during system operation is boosted by the high-temperature heat pump and stored in the thermal storage module. The thermal storage module can be used to provide heat to the hydrogen storage unit.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen storage module includes a hydrogen storage unit 24 and a third water pump 27. The heating port of the hydrogen storage unit 24 is connected to an eighth three-way valve 23, and the heat release port of the hydrogen storage unit 24 is connected to a hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25. The hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25 is connected to the third water pump 27 via a second expansion tank 26. The third water pump 27 is connected to the hydrogen storage unit 24, and a third expansion tank 28 is connected to the hydrogen storage unit 24. The third expansion tank 28 is connected to a ninth three-way valve 31. The third water pump 27 is configured to drive cooling water to circulate in the cooling water passage flowing through the hydrogen storage unit 24 to manage the operating temperature of the hydrogen storage unit 24. The second expansion tank is connected to the circulation loop of the hydrogen storage unit 24 and is used to accommodate the volume expansion and contraction of the heat transfer medium in the loop due to temperature changes, so as to maintain stable system pressure. The hydrogen storage unit is a solid-state hydrogen storage device used for charging and discharging hydrogen. The hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen storage material, hydrogen storage components, etc. The hydrogen storage unit includes solid hydrogen storage materials such as titanium-manganese based hydrogen storage alloys or rare-earth based hydrogen storage alloys, a hydrogen storage cylinder support, and a temperature sensor. Multiple hydrogen storage cylinders are mounted on the support, and the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the hydrogen storage materials in real time. Temperature control is achieved using a water bath method. Employing precise temperature control technology, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage system is adjusted in real time during hydrogen charging and discharging, effectively avoiding the adverse effects of excessively high or low temperatures on the hydrogen storage and discharging rate, reaction equilibrium, and material lifespan during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, thus improving the system's stability and reliability.

[0030] Example 3 provides a thermal management method for a solid-state hydrogen production and storage coupled thermal management system, employing the solid-state hydrogen production and storage coupled thermal management system described in Example 2. This system includes four operating modes: low-temperature start-up mode for the water electrolysis unit 2, hydrogen charging mode for the hydrogen production-storage module via electrolysis, hydrogen discharging mode for the hydrogen storage module, and hydrogen discharging mode for the hydrogen production-storage module via electrolysis. In the low-temperature start-up mode of the water electrolysis unit 2, the high-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit heats the coolant of the water electrolysis module through the start-up-side heat exchanger 3. In the hydrogen charging mode of the hydrogen production-storage module, the low-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit heats the coolant of the water electrolysis module through the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 25. The waste heat generated by the hydrogen storage module is absorbed and converted into high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant after passing through the low-temperature compressor 19. Then, it exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the high-temperature heat pump unit in the intermediate heat exchanger 12. At this time, the high-temperature heat pump unit and the low-temperature heat pump unit are coupled to form a cascade heat pump system. Simultaneously, the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5 absorbs the heat of the high-temperature coolant from the water electrolysis module and exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the high-temperature heat pump unit. In the hydrogen release mode of the hydrogen storage module, the high-temperature heat pump unit and the low-temperature heat pump unit are coupled to form a cascade heat pump system and the heat storage module supplies heat to the hydrogen storage module. In the hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module release mode, the water electrolysis module and the hydrogen storage module supply hydrogen simultaneously.

[0031] The aforementioned thermal management method arranges multiple heat exchangers in the high and low temperature zones of the cascade heat pump system and uses a diverting valve to control the refrigerant flow path, enabling a single system to meet the thermal management needs of equipment under multiple operating conditions. This allows for flexible switching between heating and cooling modes, while simultaneously converting waste heat generated by the equipment into a high-quality heat source stored in a heat storage tank for energy recovery and utilization, reducing electricity consumption. This invention's thermal management method, through mode switching based on thermal management needs and operating conditions, achieves gradient waste heat utilization of the system. Simultaneously, the system utilizes a cascade heat pump to supplement heat from the environment, reducing the impact of insufficient waste heat from equipment, replacing traditional electric heating, and improving energy efficiency.

[0032] It should be noted that: First, the three-way valve interface sequence in the system is defined as follows: Figure 1 Starting from the 12 o'clock position and rotating clockwise, the interfaces are named sequentially as follows: First Interface, Second Interface, and Third Interface. Secondly, in the attached diagram, solid lines represent the path of the coolant (including but not limited to water); dashed lines represent the path of the refrigerant.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, in the low-temperature start-up mode of the water electrolysis unit 2, the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5 is connected as a normal pipeline; the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor 19 flows sequentially through the second and third ports of the sixth three-way valve 20 and enters the start-up side heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange. The refrigerant from the start-up side heat exchanger 3 flows sequentially through the third and second ports of the third three-way valve 13, the low-temperature liquid storage tank 14, the low-temperature expansion valve 15, and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve 16 to the air side heat exchanger 17. The incoming refrigerant flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve 18 and re-enters the cryogenic compressor 19. The high-temperature refrigerant gas heats the coolant of the water electrolysis module in the start-up heat exchanger, and the refrigerant condenses into a high-pressure liquid. After being throttled by the expansion valve, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid mixture. After evaporating in the air-side heat exchanger, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor and returns to the cryogenic compressor. In this mode, the coolant of the water electrolysis module is heated by the start-up heat exchanger 3, and the heated coolant enters the water electrolysis device 2 for cryogenic heating through the hydrogen production heat exchanger 5.

[0034] like Figure 3As shown, during the hydrogen charging mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module, the start-up side heat exchanger 3 is connected as a normal pipeline. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor 19 flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve 20 and enters the intermediate heat exchanger 12. The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger 12 flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 13, and then through the third and second ports of the fourth three-way valve 16 to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger 25. The refrigerant from the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger 25 flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the fifth three-way valve 18 and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor 19. The low-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump absorbs the 30~40℃ waste heat generated by the hydrogen storage module through the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 25, and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant after passing through the low-temperature stage compressor 19. It exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump in the intermediate heat exchanger 12. At this time, the high-temperature stage heat pump unit and the low-temperature stage heat pump unit are coupled into a cascade heat pump system. The low-temperature refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows in through the first port of the first three-way valve 6, is split, and flows out through the third port to the hydrogen production side heat exchanger 5 to absorb the waste heat of 70~80℃ generated by the water electrolysis module. It then flows out through the second port to the intermediate heat exchanger 12 to absorb the heat of 65~75℃ from the low-temperature stage heat pump module. After being mixed through the first and third ports of the second three-way valve 11, it flows through the second port of the second three-way valve 11 into the high-temperature stage compressor 10, where it is upgraded to a high-grade capacity of 110℃. It then exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the heat storage module through the high-temperature side heat exchanger 9. The refrigerant in the heat storage module enters the high-temperature side heat exchanger 9 through the second and third ports of the thirteenth-way valve 32, and then flows back to the heat storage tank 30 through the second water pump 21 and the first and second ports of the seventh three-way valve 22. The heat storage material in the heat storage tank 30 absorbs the heat from the refrigerant for use in the next supply cycle. The high-temperature coolant from the water electrolysis module enters the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5 via the first water pump 4 for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the coolant flows back to the water electrolysis unit 2 via the first expansion tank 1 to dissipate heat from the water electrolysis unit 2. The coolant from the water electrolysis module is used to dissipate heat from the water electrolysis unit 2 and remove the waste heat generated by the water electrolysis module. The high-temperature coolant from the hydrogen storage module flows to the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger 25 for heat exchange. After heat exchange, the coolant flows back to the hydrogen storage unit 24 via the second expansion tank 26 and the third water pump 27 to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage module. The coolant from the hydrogen storage module is used to circulate and remove the waste heat generated by the hydrogen storage unit 24 during the hydrogen charging process, thus maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen storage module.

[0035] like Figure 4As shown, in the hydrogen release mode of the hydrogen storage module, the refrigerant flow direction in the low-temperature heat pump unit is as follows: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor 19 flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve 20 and enters the intermediate heat exchanger 12. The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger 12 flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 13, the low-temperature liquid receiver 14, and the low-temperature expansion valve 15, and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve 16 to flow to the air-side heat exchanger 17. The refrigerant from the air-side heat exchanger 17 flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve 18 and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor 19. The low-temperature refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 12 through the first and second ports of the first three-way valve 6, and then flows into the high-temperature stage compressor 10 through the second port of the second three-way valve 11 after being mixed by the first and third ports. Then, it exchanges heat with the coolant in the heat storage module through the high-temperature side heat exchanger 9. The low-temperature heat pump module and the high-temperature heat pump module are coupled into a cascade heat pump system, which is used to supply heat to the hydrogen storage module in the hydrogen release mode. The high-temperature refrigerant exchanges heat with the coolant in the heating branch through the high-temperature side heat exchanger to increase the coolant temperature. The hydrogen storage module requires heat absorption for hydrogen release, and there are two heat extraction routes. In the first route, the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature heat exchanger 9 flows to the hydrogen storage unit 24 via the second water pump 21, the first and third ports of the seventh three-way valve 22, and the first and third ports of the eighth three-way valve 23. Then, it flows back to the high-temperature heat exchanger 9 via the third expansion tank 28, the second and first ports of the ninth three-way valve 31, and the first and third ports of the thirteenth three-way valve 32. In the second route, the high-temperature coolant in the heat storage tank 30 flows to the second and third ports of the eighth three-way valve 23 via the fourth water pump 29 and then enters the hydrogen storage unit 24. It then flows back to the heat storage tank 30 via the third expansion tank 28 and the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve 31. The coolant in the heating route of the hydrogen storage unit is mixed with heat from the high-temperature heat exchanger and the heat storage tank to a water temperature of 70~80℃ to maintain the heating requirements in the hydrogen release mode.

[0036] like Figure 5As shown, in the hydrogen release mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production-storage module, the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor 19 flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve 20 and enters the intermediate heat exchanger 12. The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger 12 flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve 13, and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve 16 to the air-side heat exchanger 17. The refrigerant from the air-side heat exchanger 17 flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve 18 and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor 19. The low-temperature refrigerant from the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows in from the first port of the first three-way valve 6, is split, flows out from the third port to the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger 5, and then flows out from the second port to the intermediate heat exchanger 12. After being mixed through the first and third ports of the second three-way valve 11, it flows into the high-temperature stage compressor 10 from the second port of the second three-way valve 11, and then through the high-temperature side heat pump unit. Heat exchanger 9 supplies heat to the coolant in the thermal storage module; the hydrogen storage module needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen. In hydrogen charging mode, the hydrogen storage module extracts heat from the thermal storage tank and the cascade heat pump system. There are two branches for heat extraction. In the first branch, the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature side heat exchanger 9 flows to the hydrogen storage unit 24 through the second water pump 21, the first and third ports of the seventh three-way valve 22, and the first and third ports of the eighth three-way valve 23. Then it flows back to the high-temperature side heat exchanger 9 through the third expansion tank 28, the second and first ports of the ninth three-way valve 31, and the first and third ports of the thirteenth three-way valve 32. In the second branch, the high-temperature coolant in the thermal storage tank 30 flows sequentially through the fourth water pump 29 to the second and third ports of the eighth three-way valve 23 and enters the hydrogen storage unit 24; the third expansion tank 28, the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve 31; and then it flows back to the thermal storage tank 30 through the third expansion tank 28 and the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve 31. The hydrogen production-storage module hydrogen release mode is essentially the activation of the water electrolysis hydrogen production module during the normal operation of the solid-state hydrogen storage system's hydrogen release mode, enabling simultaneous hydrogen supply from both the water electrolysis module and the hydrogen storage module.

[0037] This invention addresses a coupled thermal management system and method for solid-state hydrogen production and storage. Through a cascade heat pump system, a water electrolysis system, a solid-state hydrogen storage system, and a thermal storage tank, the operating mode and valve switching of the heat pump system are adjusted under different operating conditions. This enables the supply of heat for low-temperature startup and the utilization of waste heat generated during system operation. The waste heat is then boosted to high-quality energy by the heat pump and stored in the thermal storage tank for use in the heat-end demand. Precise temperature control of the solid-state hydrogen storage system is achieved during hydrogen charging and discharging, effectively improving system operating efficiency. Furthermore, this invention utilizes a cascade heat pump system to meet wide temperature range and different operating conditions, achieving comprehensive thermal management for solid-state hydrogen production and storage. The thermal management system replaces traditional electric heating and independent cooling equipment, extracting heat from the environment, effectively reducing system energy consumption, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction, improving waste heat utilization efficiency, and enhancing the integration of system equipment.

[0038] Example 4: Building upon Example 3, this thermal management system and method can further achieve intelligent control by setting up a main controller and multiple field controllers. The main controller communicates with each field controller via a CAN bus based on the ambient temperature and operating mode. Each field controller corresponds one-to-one with the cascade heat pump module, water electrolysis module, hydrogen storage module, and thermal storage module. The main controller employs a fuzzy PID control algorithm combined with a temperature change prediction model to achieve precise control of the system temperature.

[0039] Specifically, sensors deployed near the outlets of the water electrolysis module, thermal storage module, solid-state hydrogen storage module, high-temperature heat pump, and low-temperature heat pump collect data and transmit it to the thermal management control system to determine the current operating mode of the system and switch the underlying control strategy. Under a given operating mode, the underlying control strategy adjusts the refrigerant flow rate, coolant flow rate, and compressor operating conditions. The top-level control strategy focuses on optimal heat allocation and utilization under a pre-designed objective, providing external optimal strategy instructions to optimize deficiencies arising during system operation. Under the external optimal strategy instructions, the top-level control strategy, based on the on-site working environment, the latest technological research results, and iterative AI technology models, provides updated system operating parameters to adjust the multivariate model and PID control of the underlying control strategy, achieving optimal heat allocation and utilization under the current technological means and equipment conditions. Under a specific operating mode, the underlying control strategy adjusts the refrigerant flow, coolant flow, and compressor operating conditions. Specifically, during system operation, based on temperature data from temperature sensors, the main controller adjusts the heat pump system's operating mode in real time: when the temperature of the water electrolysis system or solid-state hydrogen storage system is detected to be lower than the set value, the heat pump system is controlled to provide heat to that system; when the temperature is detected to be higher than the set value, the heat pump system is controlled to absorb heat from that system and store the excess heat in the thermal storage module. When heating is required, the control system adjusts the heat release rate in the thermal storage module according to load demand to achieve precise heating. Through mode switching and hierarchical control strategies, the system achieves flexible switching and dynamic adjustment under different operating conditions, meeting the diverse needs of the system in heating and cooling conditions, and improving the system's adaptability and response speed.

[0040] The system also features safety protection functions. When a system anomaly is detected, the control system automatically switches to a safe state, stops all equipment operation, and sends fault information to the monitoring center via the communication module. Simultaneously, the system supports remote monitoring and control, enabling intelligent management and remote operation.

[0041] It should be noted that the above control algorithms are all existing technologies, and the specific processes will not be elaborated here. In other words, the above are improvements to the hardware of the system construction, and do not involve improvements to the circuits or control programs. This invention only controls the operation and shutdown of various electronic components through a PLC control system. Since PLC control systems are mature automatic control systems in industry, this invention will not elaborate on the circuit and control program content.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coupled thermal management system for solid-state hydrogen production and storage, characterized in that: The system includes a cascade heat pump module, an electrolysis water module, a hydrogen storage module, and a thermal storage module. The cascade heat pump module includes a low-temperature heat pump unit and a high-temperature heat pump unit. The low-temperature heat pump unit includes a low-temperature compressor (19), an air-side heat exchanger (17), a hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger (25), and an intermediate heat exchanger (12) and a start-up heat exchanger (3) connected in parallel. The low-temperature compressor (19) is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger (12) and the start-up heat exchanger (3) respectively through a sixth three-way valve (20). The intermediate heat exchanger (12) and the start-up heat exchanger (3) are connected to the air-side heat exchanger (17) and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger (25) through a third three-way valve (13) and a fourth three-way valve (16). The air-side heat exchanger (17) and the hydrogen storage-side heat exchanger (25) are connected to the low-temperature compressor (19) through a fifth three-way valve (18). The high-temperature heat pump unit includes a high-temperature compressor (10), a high-temperature heat exchanger (9), and a hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5). The high-temperature compressor (10) is connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger (9). The high-temperature heat exchanger (9) is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger (12) and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5) through a first three-way valve (6). The intermediate heat exchanger (12) and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5) are connected to the high-temperature compressor (10) through a second three-way valve (11). The water electrolysis module is connected to the start-up side heat exchanger (3) and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5); the hydrogen storage module is connected to the heat storage module and the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger (25); and the heat storage module is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger (9).

2. The solid-state hydrogen production and storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature heat pump unit also includes a low-temperature side expansion valve (15) and a low-temperature side liquid reservoir (14). The inlet of the low-temperature side liquid reservoir (14) is connected to the third three-way valve (13), and the outlet is connected to the low-temperature side expansion valve (15). The outlet of the low-temperature side expansion valve (15) is connected to the fourth three-way valve (16). The high-temperature heat pump unit also includes a high-temperature side liquid reservoir (8) and a high-temperature side expansion valve (7). The inlet of the high-temperature side liquid reservoir (8) is connected to the high-temperature heat exchanger (9), and the outlet is connected to the high-temperature side expansion valve (7). The high-temperature side expansion valve (7) is connected to the first three-way valve (6).

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage-generated coupled thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water electrolysis module includes a water electrolysis device (2), a first expansion tank (1) and a first water pump (4). The first water pump (4) is installed on the cooling pipeline between the start-up side heat exchanger (3) and the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5). The cooling outlet of the water electrolysis device (2) is connected to the start-up side heat exchanger (3), and the cooling inlet of the water electrolysis device (2) is connected to the first expansion tank (1). The first expansion tank (1) is connected to the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5).

4. The solid-state hydrogen production and storage coupled thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The thermal storage module includes a thermal storage tank (30) and a second water pump (21). The thermal storage tank (30) is connected to a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe. The inlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the second water pump (21) through a seventh three-way valve (22). The second water pump (21) is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger (9). The outlet end of the first branch pipe is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger (9) through a thirteenth-way valve (32). The inlet end of the second branch pipe is connected to the hydrogen storage module through a ninth three-way valve (31). The ninth three-way valve (31) is connected to the high-temperature stage heat exchanger (9) through a thirteenth-way valve (32). The outlet end of the second branch pipe is connected to the eighth three-way valve (23) through a fourth water pump (29). The seventh three-way valve (22) is connected to the eighth three-way valve (23).

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage-to-storage coupled thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage module includes a hydrogen storage unit (24) and a third water pump (27). The heating port of the hydrogen storage unit (24) is connected to the eighth three-way valve (23). The heat release port of the hydrogen storage unit (24) is connected to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger (25). The hydrogen storage side heat exchanger (25) is connected to the third water pump (27) through the second expansion tank (26). The third water pump (27) is connected to the hydrogen storage unit (24). The hydrogen storage unit (24) is connected to the third expansion tank (28). The third expansion tank (28) is connected to the ninth three-way valve (31).

6. A thermal management method for a solid-state hydrogen storage-to-storage coupled thermal management system, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen production and storage coupled thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 includes the following four operating modes: low-temperature start-up mode of the water electrolysis device (2), hydrogen charging mode of the hydrogen production-storage module, hydrogen discharging mode of the hydrogen storage module, and hydrogen discharging mode of the hydrogen production-storage module; in the low-temperature start-up mode of the water electrolysis device (2), the high-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit heats up the coolant of the water electrolysis module through the start-up side heat exchanger (3); in the hydrogen charging mode of the hydrogen production-storage module, the low-temperature refrigerant of the low-temperature stage heat pump unit heats up the waste heat generated by the hydrogen storage module through the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (25). The refrigerant is absorbed and becomes a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant after passing through the low-temperature stage compressor (19). It then exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit in the intermediate heat exchanger (12). At this time, the high-temperature stage heat pump unit and the low-temperature stage heat pump unit are coupled into a cascade heat pump system. At the same time, the heat exchanger (5) on the hydrogen production side absorbs the heat of the high-temperature coolant of the water electrolysis module and exchanges heat with the refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit. In the hydrogen storage module hydrogen release mode, the high-temperature stage heat pump unit and the low-temperature stage heat pump unit are coupled into a cascade heat pump system and the heat storage module supplies heat to the hydrogen storage module. In the hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module hydrogen release mode, the water electrolysis module and the hydrogen storage module supply hydrogen at the same time.

7. The thermal management method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the water electrolysis unit (2) is in low-temperature start-up mode, the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5) is connected as a normal pipeline; the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor (19) flows sequentially through the second and third ports of the sixth three-way valve (20) and enters the start-up side heat exchanger (3) for heat exchange. The refrigerant from the start-up side heat exchanger (3) flows sequentially through the third and second ports of the third three-way valve (13), and flows through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve (16) to the air side heat exchanger (17). The refrigerant from the air side heat exchanger (17) flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve (18) and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor (19); the coolant of the water electrolysis module is heated by the start-up side heat exchanger (3), and the heated coolant enters the water electrolysis unit (2) through the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5) for low-temperature heating.

8. The thermal management method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: When the electrolysis hydrogen production-hydrogen storage module is in hydrogen charging mode, the start-up side heat exchanger (3) is connected as a normal pipeline; the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor (19) flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve (20) and enters the intermediate heat exchanger (12); the refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger (12) flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve (13), and then through the third and second ports of the fourth three-way valve (16) to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger (25); the refrigerant from the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger (25) flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the fifth three-way valve (18) and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor (19); the low-temperature refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows in from the first port of the first three-way valve (6), is split, flows out from the third port to the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5), and flows out from the second port to the intermediate heat exchanger (12), and then through the second three-way valve ( After the first and third interfaces of 11) are combined and mixed, the coolant flows into the high-temperature stage compressor (10) from the second interface of the second three-way valve (11), and then exchanges heat with the heat storage module coolant through the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9); the heat storage module coolant enters the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9) through the second and third interfaces of the thirteenth valve (32), and then flows back to the heat storage tank (30) through the second water pump (21), the first interface and the second interface of the seventh three-way valve (22); the high-temperature coolant of the water electrolysis module enters the hydrogen production side heat exchanger (5) through the first water pump (4) for heat exchange, and the coolant after heat exchange flows back to the water electrolysis device (2) through the first expansion tank (1) for heat dissipation of the water electrolysis device (2); the high-temperature coolant of the hydrogen storage module flows to the hydrogen storage side heat exchanger (25) for heat exchange, and the coolant after heat exchange flows back to the hydrogen storage unit (24) through the second expansion tank (26) and the third water pump (27) to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage module.

9. The thermal management method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the hydrogen release mode of the hydrogen storage module, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the cryogenic compressor (19) flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve (20) and enters the intermediate heat exchanger (12). The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger (12) flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve (13), and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve (16) to the air-side heat exchanger (17). The refrigerant from the air-side heat exchanger (17) flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve (18) and re-enters the cryogenic compressor (19). The cryogenic refrigerant from the high-temperature heat pump unit flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the first three-way valve (6) into the intermediate heat exchanger (12), then through the first and third ports of the second three-way valve (11) to mix, and then through the second port of the second three-way valve (11) into the high-temperature compressor (10), and then through the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9). The heat exchanger supplies the coolant to the thermal storage module; the hydrogen storage module needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen, and it has two branches for heat extraction. In the first branch, the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9) flows to the hydrogen storage unit (24) through the second water pump (21), the first and third ports of the seventh three-way valve (22), and the first and third ports of the eighth three-way valve (23), and then flows back to the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9) through the third expansion tank (28), the second and first ports of the ninth three-way valve (31), and the first and third ports of the thirteenth three-way valve (32); In the second branch, the high-temperature coolant in the thermal storage tank (30) flows to the second and third ports of the eighth three-way valve (23) through the fourth water pump (29) and enters the hydrogen storage unit (24); the third expansion tank (28), the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve (31); and then flows back to the thermal storage tank (30) through the third expansion tank (28), the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve (31).

10. The thermal management method according to claim 6 or 9, characterized in that: In the hydrogen release mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production-storage module, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the low-temperature stage compressor (19) flows sequentially through the second and first ports of the sixth three-way valve (20) and enters the intermediate heat exchanger (12). The refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger (12) flows sequentially through the first and second ports of the third three-way valve (13), and then through the third and first ports of the fourth three-way valve (16) to the air-side heat exchanger (17). The refrigerant from the air-side heat exchanger (17) flows sequentially through the third and first ports of the fifth three-way valve (18) and re-enters the low-temperature stage compressor (19). The low-temperature refrigerant of the high-temperature stage heat pump unit flows in from the first port of the first three-way valve (6), is split, flows out from the third port to the hydrogen production-side heat exchanger (5), and flows out from the second port to the intermediate heat exchanger (12). Then, after being mixed through the first and third ports of the second three-way valve (11), it flows into the high-temperature stage compressor (10) from the second port of the second three-way valve (11). Then, the high-temperature coolant is transferred to the heat storage module coolant via the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9); the hydrogen storage module needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen, and it has two branches for heat extraction. In the first branch, the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9) flows to the hydrogen storage unit (24) via the second water pump (21), the first and third ports of the seventh three-way valve (22), and the first and third ports of the eighth three-way valve (23). Then, it flows through the third expansion tank (28), the second and first ports of the ninth three-way valve (31), and the thirteenth expansion tank (28). The first and third ports of the through valve (32) flow back to the high-temperature side heat exchanger (9); the high-temperature coolant in the heat storage tank (30) in the second branch flows through the fourth water pump (29) to the second and third ports of the eighth three-way valve (23) and enters the hydrogen storage unit (24); the third expansion tank (28), the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve (31); and then flows back to the heat storage tank (30) through the third expansion tank (28), the second and third ports of the ninth three-way valve (31).

Images