Universal clamp for clamping variable-thickness special-shaped plate
By using a fixture design with a movable slider and a worm gear mechanism, the problems of poor adaptability and easy damage to sensors in existing fixtures are solved, enabling fast, stable clamping and efficient testing of irregularly shaped plates.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing fixture designs suffer from poor versatility and insufficient flexibility, making it difficult to adapt to axisymmetric complex curved irregular plates. Furthermore, frequent disassembly and assembly can easily damage sensors, resulting in low testing efficiency and poor data accuracy.
The design incorporates a movable slider and a lead screw with both positive and negative threads, combined with a worm gear mechanism, to achieve rapid positioning and adaptive clamping of irregularly shaped plates. It also utilizes universal ball washers to adapt to complex curved surfaces, simplifying the operation process and preventing collisions between the fixture and the sensor.
It enables rapid and stable clamping of irregularly shaped plates, improves testing efficiency and data accuracy, protects sensors, and adapts to clamping requirements in multiple scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN121715993A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of clamps, and more particularly to a universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates with varying thicknesses. Background Technology
[0002] In the performance evaluation of thin-walled components, dynamic and static experiments are the core testing methods, and the structural design of the fixture directly determines the positioning accuracy of the test sample and the reliability of the test results. The pendulum impact test, as a key dynamic mechanical testing method, mainly evaluates the mechanical response and resistance to damage of thin-walled components such as composite materials under instantaneous loads by simulating high-speed impact conditions. Its loading speed is much higher than that of static tensile and compression tests. The core principle is to control the horizontal speed of the falling impact block by adjusting the angle between the impact rod and the vertical direction to provide instantaneous impact force.
[0003] Given the characteristics of pendulum impact tests, the test sample is easily penetrated under high-speed impact. If the fixture design is inadequate, it can not only damage the fixture itself but also interfere with the data acquisition accuracy of the mechanical sensors, causing test errors. However, existing pendulum impact testing machine fixtures have several technical defects: Firstly, traditional fixtures are mostly "one-to-one" dedicated designs, which need to be customized according to the size and shape of the specific test sample. They have poor versatility and are difficult to adapt to the multi-scenario clamping needs of axisymmetric complex curved irregular plates. Secondly, traditional four-sided fastening clamps lack flexibility and have low clamping efficiency. Furthermore, the test samples may have uneven thickness. Existing clamps mostly use screws and pressure blocks to clamp the samples. When processing samples of different thicknesses, the clamping thickness needs to be adjusted frequently, which is cumbersome and inconvenient for sample handling. Third, the frequent disassembly and assembly of fixtures can easily cause mechanical damage to precision sensors such as force gauges on the testing machine platform, further leading to deviations in measurement results.
[0004] The aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology severely restrict the testing efficiency, applicability, and data accuracy of pendulum impact tests. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates with varying thicknesses, which solves the problem of rapid clamping of irregularly shaped plates with complex curved surfaces in pendulum impact tests.
[0006] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, the universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness as described in this invention includes a clamp base, a fixed block located on the clamp base, a transverse sliding block arranged parallel to the fixed block on the clamp base and movable laterally along the clamp base, a first lead screw passing through the clamp base and the transverse sliding block and used to drive the transverse sliding block to move, a second lead screw vertically passing through the fixed block, a pair of left-side clamping clamps passing through the second lead screw and used to clamp the left side of the irregularly shaped plate, a third lead screw vertically passing through the transverse sliding block, and a pair of right-side clamping clamps passing through the third lead screw and used to clamp the right side of the irregularly shaped plate, wherein the second lead screw drives the pair of left-side clamping clamps to move towards or away from each other, and the third lead screw drives the pair of right-side clamping clamps to move towards or away from each other.
[0007] Optionally, both the left and right clamping fixtures include a clamping block passing through the second lead screw, a clamping groove located on the clamping block for accommodating one corner of the irregular plate, a driving worm gear passing laterally through the clamping block, a small gear located inside the clamping block and meshing with the driving worm gear, a large gear located inside the clamping block and meshing with the small gear, a rack located inside the clamping block and meshing with the large gear, and a washer located in the slot of the clamping groove and connected to the end of the rack via a universal ball.
[0008] Optionally, the clamp block includes a solid block and a hollow block integrally formed. The solid block has a first threaded hole vertically formed for a second lead screw to pass through, and a worm gear mounting hole horizontally formed. The hollow block has a fifth positioning through hole for a drive worm gear to pass through. The hollow block contains a small gear shaft for fixing a pinion and a large gear shaft for fixing a large gear. The side wall of the hollow block facing the clamping groove has a fourth positioning through hole for a rack to pass through.
[0009] Optionally, the slots of the clamping grooves of the pair of left-side clamping fixtures are vertically opposite each other, the slots of the clamping grooves of the pair of right-side clamping fixtures are vertically opposite each other, and the slots of the left-side and right-side clamping fixtures are horizontally opposite each other.
[0010] Optionally, both the second and third lead screws are lead screws with positive and negative threads, and a smooth rod is provided between the positive and negative threads. A pair of left-side clamping clamps are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the second lead screw, and a pair of right-side clamping clamps are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the third lead screw.
[0011] Optionally, the lateral sliding block includes a slider body, a second threaded hole located at the lower end of the slider body for passing through the first lead screw, a through hole for passing through the fixture base, a third positioning through hole for passing through the third lead screw, a right guide slot for accommodating the right-side clamping fixture and guiding the right-side clamping fixture to move up and down, a first rear support plate located at the rear side of the slider body, and a rear support slider located at the lower end of the first rear support plate. The upper surface of the fixture base is provided with a grooved guide rail for the lateral movement of the rear support slider.
[0012] Optionally, the fixture base includes a base plate, a right side baffle located on the base plate and opposite to the fixing block, and a crossbeam transversely disposed between the fixing block and the right side baffle for guiding the movement of the transverse slider.
[0013] Optionally, the right side baffle is provided with a first positioning through hole for passing through the first lead screw.
[0014] Optionally, the fixing block is provided with a second positioning through hole for passing through the second lead screw and a left guide slot for accommodating the left clamping fixture and guiding the left clamping fixture to move up and down. The fixing block is provided with a second rear support plate for the rear side, and the lower end of the second rear support plate is fixed to the fixture base.
[0015] The operating method of a universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness, as described in this invention, includes the following steps:
[0016] First, rotate the first lead screw, and the transverse slider moves to the right to the right limit of the fixture base. Then, rotate the second lead screw with positive and negative threads, and the pair of left-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically away to the upper and lower limits on the left side of the fixture base. Next, rotate the third lead screw with positive and negative threads, and the pair of left-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically away to the upper and lower limits of the transverse slider. Then, rotate the driving worm gear, which, in conjunction with the transmission of the pinion and gear, causes the rack to retract inward, and the shim to retract to the limit of the slot opening of the clamping groove. Move the shim to a position parallel to the slot opening wall of the clamping groove, so that the fixture as a whole is in its initial state.
[0017] Then, based on the left width of the irregular plate to be tested, align the two corners of the irregular plate to be tested with the clamping slots of the left clamping fixture. Rotate the second lead screw with positive and negative threads, and the two left clamping fixtures move symmetrically closer, so that the two left corners of the irregular plate to be tested enter the clamping slots of the left clamping fixtures, thereby positioning the left width of the irregular plate to be tested. Rotate the active worm gears of the upper and lower left clamping fixtures respectively, and the rack extends outward. The universal ball at the end of the rack drives the pad to adapt to the curved surface of the test sample, thereby clamping the two left corners of the irregular plate to be tested.
[0018] Next, rotate the first lead screw, and according to the length of the irregular plate to be measured, move the horizontal slider to the left to a suitable position. The irregular plate to be measured is in a parallel position with the clamping slot of the clamping fixture on the right side, thus realizing the positioning of the length of the irregular plate to be measured.
[0019] Finally, the third lead screw with positive and negative threads is rotated, and a set of right-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically closer, so that the upper and lower sides of the irregular plate to be tested contact the clamping groove sidewall of the right-side clamping fixture, thereby positioning the width of the right side of the irregular plate to be tested; the active worm gears of the two right-side clamping fixtures are rotated respectively, and the small gear and large gear drive the rack to extend outward, so that the shim can adaptively clamp the curved surface of the sample to be tested through the universal ball.
[0020] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: The present invention can achieve the length direction positioning of the test sample through the cooperation of the first lead screw and the transverse slider; the positive and negative thread design of the second and third lead screws can drive the clamping fixture to move symmetrically and quickly adapt to the width size of the test sample; the worm gear mechanism built into the clamping fixture drives the semi-cylindrical rack to move, and combined with the universal ball joint washer at the end of the rack, it can closely fit the complex curved surface and the irregular plate with uneven thickness, and achieve stable clamping, which solves the problem of the "one-to-one" design and poor adaptability of traditional special fixtures; The lead screws used in this invention are all standard parts, which facilitates later maintenance and replacement. Each lead screw head is equipped with a manual adjustment knob, which can be manually turned to achieve quick coarse positioning, or it can be precisely tightened by a hex wrench. The clamping and adjustment of samples of different sizes and thicknesses can be completed without frequent disassembly and assembly of the fixture, which simplifies the operation process and improves the clamping efficiency. This invention combines a worm gear mechanism for thickness clamping. Its compact structure and small footprint enable power transmission within a limited installation space, avoiding the collision damage problem caused by the redundancy of traditional clamps facing the pendulum surface. At the same time, the worm gear mechanism has a self-locking function. When the worm lead angle is less than the equivalent friction angle, it can prevent the load from being driven in reverse, ensuring the stability and safety of the sample clamping process. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamp base and the fixing block in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse sliding block in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second lead screw with positive and negative threads in this invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the clamp in this invention; Figure 6 This is a right view of the fixture in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fixture block in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the worm gear mechanism assembled inside the clamp block in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the worm gear mechanism inside the clamp block in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the general-purpose fixture and the pendulum collision testing machine in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to the present invention includes a clamp base 1, a fixing block 2, a lateral sliding block 3, a first lead screw 4, a second lead screw 5, a left-side clamping clamp 6, a third lead screw 7, and a right-side clamping clamp 8. The clamping slots of the pair of left-side clamping clamps 6 are vertically aligned, the clamping slots of the pair of right-side clamping clamps 8 are vertically aligned, and the slots of the left-side clamping clamps 6 and the right-side clamping clamps 8 are horizontally aligned. Figure 4 As shown, both the second lead screw 5 and the third lead screw 7 are lead screws with positive and negative threads, and a smooth rod is provided between the positive and negative threads. A pair of left-side clamping clamps 6 are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the second lead screw 5, and a pair of right-side clamping clamps 8 are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the third lead screw 7.
[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the fixture base 1 includes a grooved guide rail 101, a base plate 102, a right side baffle 103, and a crossbeam 104. The right side baffle 103 is located on the base plate 102 and is disposed opposite to the fixing block 2. The crossbeam 104 is transversely disposed between the fixing block 2 and the right side baffle 103 and is used to guide the movement of the transverse sliding block 3. A first positioning through hole 105 is provided on the right side baffle 103 for the first lead screw 4 to pass through.
[0025] The fixing block 2 is located on the clamp base 1. The fixing block 2 has a second positioning through hole 201 for the second lead screw 5 to pass through. The fixing block 2 has a left guide slot 202 for accommodating the left clamping clamp 6 and guiding the left clamping clamp 6 to move up and down. The fixing block 2 is provided with a second rear support plate 203 for the rear side. The lower end of the second rear support plate 203 is fixed to the clamp base 1.
[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the lateral sliding block 3 is arranged parallel to the fixed block 2 on the fixture base 1, and the lateral sliding block 3 can move laterally along the fixture base 1. The lateral sliding block 3 includes a slider body 301, a second threaded hole 302, a through hole 303, a third positioning through hole 304, a right guide groove 305, a first rear support plate 306, and a rear support slider 307. The second threaded hole 302 is located at the lower end of the slider body and is used to pass through the first lead screw. The through hole 303 is used to pass through the fixture base 1, the third positioning through hole 304 is used to pass through the third lead screw 7, the right guide groove 305 is used to accommodate the right-side clamping fixture and guide the right-side clamping fixture to move up and down, the first rear support plate 306 is located at the rear side of the slider body, and the rear support slider 307 is located at the lower end of the first rear support plate. The upper surface of the fixture base 1 is provided with a grooved guide rail 101 for the lateral movement of the rear support slider.
[0027] The first lead screw 4 passes through the clamp base and the lateral sliding block 3, and is used to drive the lateral sliding block 3 to move. The second lead screw 5 passes vertically through the fixed block 2, and a pair of left-side clamping clamps 6 pass through the second lead screw 5, which are used to clamp the left side of the irregular plate. The third lead screw 7 passes vertically through the lateral sliding block 3, and a pair of right-side clamping clamps 8 pass through the third lead screw 7, which are used to clamp the right side of the irregular plate. The second lead screw 5 drives the pair of left-side clamping clamps 6 to move towards or away from each other, and the third lead screw 7 drives the pair of right-side clamping clamps 8 to move towards or away from each other.
[0028] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, both the left clamping fixture 6 and the right clamping fixture 8 include a clamping block 601, a clamping groove 602, a driving worm gear 603, a pinion 604, a large gear 605, a rack 606, and a washer 607. The clamping block 601 is mounted on the second lead screw 5. The clamping groove 602 is located on the clamping block 601 and is used to accommodate one corner of the irregular plate. The driving worm gear 603 is horizontally mounted on the clamping block. The pinion 604 is located inside the clamping block 601 and meshes with the driving worm gear 603. The large gear 605 is located inside the clamping block 601 and meshes with the pinion 604. The rack 606 is located inside the clamping block 601 and meshes with the large gear 605. The washer 607 is located in the groove of the clamping groove 602 and is connected to the end of the rack 606 via a universal ball joint.
[0029] like Figure 7 As shown, the clamp block 601 includes a solid block 608 and a hollow block 609 integrally formed. The solid block 608 has a first threaded hole 610 for passing through the second lead screw vertically, and a worm gear mounting hole 611 for passing through horizontally. The hollow block 609 has a fifth positioning through hole 612 for passing through the driving worm gear. The hollow block 609 has a small gear shaft 613 for fixing the small gear and a large gear shaft 614 for fixing the large gear. The side wall of the hollow block 609 facing the clamping groove 602 has a fourth positioning through hole 615 for the rack to pass through.
[0030] A method for operating a universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness includes the following steps: First, rotate the first lead screw 4, and the transverse slider 3 moves to the right to the right limit of the fixture base. Then, rotate the second lead screw 5 with positive and negative threads, and the pair of left-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically away to the upper and lower limits on the left side of the fixture base. Next, rotate the third lead screw 7 with positive and negative threads, and the pair of left-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically away to the upper and lower limits of the transverse slider 3. Then, rotate the driving worm gear 603, which, in conjunction with the transmission of the pinion 604 and the gear 605, causes the rack 606 to retract inward and the shim 607 to retract to the limit of the slot opening of the clamping groove. This moves the shim to a position parallel to the wall of the slot opening, so that the fixture is in its initial state. Then, based on the left width of the irregular plate to be tested, the two corners of the irregular plate to be tested are aligned with the clamping slots of the left clamping fixture. The second lead screw 5 with positive and negative threads is rotated, and the two left clamping fixtures move symmetrically closer, so that the two left corners of the irregular plate to be tested enter the clamping slots of the left clamping fixture, thus positioning the left width of the irregular plate to be tested. The active worm gear 603 of the upper and lower left clamping fixtures is rotated respectively, and the rack 606 extends outward. The universal ball at the end of the rack 606 drives the pad to adapt to the curved surface of the test sample, thus clamping the two left corners of the irregular plate to be tested. Next, rotate the first lead screw 4, and according to the length of the irregular plate to be measured, move the horizontal slider 3 to the left to a suitable position. The irregular plate to be measured is in a parallel position with the clamping slot of the clamping fixture on the right side, thus realizing the positioning of the length of the irregular plate to be measured. Finally, the third lead screw 7 with positive and negative threads is rotated, and a set of right-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically closer, so that the upper and lower sides of the irregular plate to be tested contact the clamping groove sidewall of the right-side clamping fixture, thereby positioning the width of the right side of the irregular plate to be tested; the active worm gears 603 of the two right-side clamping fixtures are rotated respectively, and the small gear 604 and the large gear 605 are used for transmission, and the rack 606 extends outward, so that the shim 607 can adaptively clamp the curved surface of the sample to be tested through the universal ball.
[0031] like Figure 2 and Figure 10As shown, in the pendulum impact testing machine, a high-precision mechanical sensor is installed on the pendulum impact testing machine platform through a screw hole; a positioning countersunk hole 106 is opened at the bottom of the fixture base 1, and the high-precision mechanical sensor 102 is fixedly connected to the fixture base 1; a first positioning through hole 105 is opened on the left side of the fixture base 1, a first lead screw 4 is installed, and passes through the second threaded hole 302 at the lower end of the transverse slider 3. The rear support slider 307 at the end of the first rear support plate 306 of the lateral sliding slider 3 can slide in the grooved guide rail 101 at the bottom of the clamp base; the top of the lateral sliding slider 3 has a third positioning through hole 304, and a third lead screw 7 with positive and negative threads is installed; the third lead screw 7 with positive and negative threads passes through the first threaded hole 610 at the lower end of a set of right-side clamping clamps 8, and the side wall of the clamp block 601 is tightly attached to the edge baffle of the lateral sliding slider 3; the top left side of the clamp base 1 has a second positioning through hole 201, and a second lead screw 5 with positive and negative threads is installed; the second lead screw 5 with positive and negative threads passes through the first threaded hole 610 of a set of left-side clamping clamps 6, and the clamp block 601 is tightly attached to the edge baffle of the lateral sliding slider 3. The fixture base 1 has a left side plate; the fixture block 601 has a fourth positioning through hole 615 at the clamping jaw for mounting a rack 606, the end of which is connected to a washer 607 via a spherical angle; the fixture block 601 contains a large gear shaft 614 and a small gear shaft 613, which are used for positioning and for mounting large gears 605 and 604 via gear bushings 616; both gear shafts have external threads at the top for mounting gear bushings 616 to fix the large and small gears; the top of the fixture block 601 has a fifth positioning through hole 612, through which the driving worm gear 603 passes and is inserted into the worm gear mounting hole 611. The left clamping fixture 6 and the right clamping fixture 8 have opposite clamping slots in each set. The left clamping fixture 6 and the right clamping fixture 8 are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the screw with positive and negative threads, and the four fixtures are on the same plane and at the same height. The centers of the second positioning through hole 201 and the third positioning through hole 304 are on a straight line. The lower end of the clamping groove of the left clamping fixture 6 abuts against the left crossbeam of the fixture base 1, and the left side of the fixture block is attached to the left baffle of the fixture base 1; the lower end of the clamping groove of the right clamping fixture 8 abuts against the crossbeam of the transverse slider 3, and the right side of the fixture block is attached to the right baffle of the transverse slider.
[0032] This invention features simple clamping and quick operation, solving the problem of traditional clamps being unsuitable for most test sample sizes. It employs a standard lead screw with a hand-tightening knob, facilitating quick manual positioning and allowing for final tightening using a hex wrench. The use of a "glove ball" structure also aids in clamping the four corners of complex curved and irregularly shaped plates. Considering the characteristics of pendulum impact tests, the invention features a hollow design in the middle of the clamp, eliminating the upper crossbeam of traditional clamps. This prevents the impact rod from colliding with the clamp crossbeam during pendulum impact, protecting the clamp body and allowing the force sensor to fully collect mechanical data during the impact process. The countersunk positioning hole at the bottom of the base directly connects to the monitoring equipment, reducing errors in force transmission. Combined with the overall stability provided by the triangular support structure, this further improves the accuracy of test data. This invention is specifically designed for pendulum impact tests on small, axisymmetric, complex curved and irregularly shaped plates, meeting the clamping needs of various scenarios. It effectively solves the pain points of existing clamps—weak adaptability to complex curved surfaces and the risk of sensor damage from frequent adjustments—and reduces test errors.
Claims
1. A universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness, characterized in that, The fixture includes a fixture base (1), a fixed block (2) located on the fixture base, a transverse sliding block (3) arranged parallel to the fixed block on the fixture base and capable of moving laterally along the fixture base, a first lead screw (4) passing through the fixture base and the transverse sliding block and used to drive the transverse sliding block to move, a second lead screw (5) vertically passing through the fixed block, a pair of left-side clamping clamps (6) passing through the second lead screw and used to clamp the left side of the irregular plate, a third lead screw (7) vertically passing through the transverse sliding block, and a pair of right-side clamping clamps (8) passing through the third lead screw and used to clamp the right side of the irregular plate. The second lead screw (5) drives the pair of left-side clamping clamps (6) to move towards or away from each other, and the third lead screw (7) drives the pair of right-side clamping clamps (8) to move towards or away from each other.
2. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left clamping fixture (6) and the right clamping fixture (8) both include a clamping block (601) passing through the second lead screw (5), a clamping groove (602) located on the clamping block and used to accommodate one corner of the irregular plate, an active worm gear (603) passing through the clamping block laterally, a small gear (604) located in the clamping block and meshing with the active worm gear, a large gear (605) located in the clamping block and meshing with the small gear, a rack (606) located in the clamping block and meshing with the large gear, and a gasket (607) located in the slot of the clamping groove and connected to the end of the rack via a universal ball.
3. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamp block (601) includes an integrally formed solid block (608) and hollow block (609). The solid block (608) has a first threaded hole (610) for the second lead screw to pass through vertically, and a worm gear mounting hole (611) for the worm gear to pass through horizontally. The hollow block (609) has a fifth positioning through hole (612) for the drive worm gear to pass through. The hollow block (609) has a small gear shaft (613) for fixing the small gear and a large gear shaft (614) for fixing the large gear. The hollow block (609) has a fourth positioning through hole (615) on the side wall facing the clamping groove (602) for the rack to pass through.
4. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 2, characterized in that, The slots of the pair of left-side clamping clamps (6) are vertically opposite each other, the slots of the pair of right-side clamping clamps (8) are vertically opposite each other, and the slots of the left-side clamping clamps (6) and the right-side clamping clamps (8) are horizontally opposite each other.
5. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second lead screw (5) and the third lead screw (7) are both lead screws with positive and negative threads, and a smooth rod is provided between the positive and negative threads. A pair of left-side clamping clamps (6) are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the second lead screw (5), and a pair of right-side clamping clamps (8) are symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the third lead screw (7).
6. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral sliding block (3) includes a slider body (301), a second threaded hole (302) located at the lower end of the slider body for passing through the first lead screw, a through hole (303) for passing through the clamp base, a third positioning through hole (304) for passing through the third lead screw, a right guide slot (305) for accommodating the right clamping clamp and guiding the right clamping clamp to move up and down, a first rear support plate (306) located at the rear side of the slider body, and a rear support slider (307) located at the lower end of the first rear support plate. The upper surface of the clamp base (1) is provided with a grooved guide rail (101) for the rear support slider to move laterally.
7. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamp base (1) includes a base plate (102), a right side baffle (103) located on the base plate and opposite to the fixed block, and a crossbeam (104) arranged laterally between the fixed block and the right side baffle for guiding the movement of the lateral slider.
8. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 7, characterized in that, The right side baffle (103) is provided with a first positioning through hole (105) for passing through the first lead screw.
9. The universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fixing block (2) is provided with a second positioning through hole (201) for passing through the second lead screw and a left guide slot (202) for accommodating the left clamping fixture and guiding the left clamping fixture to move up and down. The fixing block (2) is provided with a second rear support plate (203) for the rear side. The lower end of the second rear support plate (203) is fixed to the fixture base (1).
10. A method for operating a universal clamp for clamping irregularly shaped plates of varying thickness according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: First, rotate the first lead screw (4), and the transverse slider (3) moves to the right to the right limit of the fixture base. Then rotate the second lead screw (5) with positive and negative threads, and a pair of left-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically away to the upper and lower limits on the left side of the fixture base. Then rotate the third lead screw (7) with positive and negative threads, and a pair of left-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically away to the upper and lower limits of the transverse slider (3). Then rotate the driving worm gear (603), and with the transmission of the small gear (604) and the large gear (605), the rack (606) retracts inward, and the shim (607) retracts to the limit of the slot opening of the clamping groove. Move the shim to a position parallel to the slot opening wall of the clamping groove, so that the fixture as a whole is in the initial state. Then, based on the left side width of the irregular plate to be tested, the two corners of the irregular plate to be tested are aligned with the clamping slots of the left clamping fixture. The second screw (5) with positive and negative threads is rotated, and the two left clamping fixtures move symmetrically closer, so that the two left corners of the irregular plate to be tested enter the clamping slots of the left clamping fixture, thereby positioning the left side width of the irregular plate to be tested. The active worm gear (603) of the upper and lower left clamping fixtures is rotated respectively, and the rack (606) extends outward. The universal ball at the end of the rack (606) drives the pad to adapt to the curved surface of the sample to be tested, thereby clamping the two left corners of the irregular plate to be tested. Next, rotate the first lead screw (4), and according to the length of the irregular plate to be measured, move the horizontal slider (3) to the left to a suitable position. The irregular plate to be measured is in a parallel position with the clamping slot of the clamping fixture on the right side, thus realizing the positioning of the length of the irregular plate to be measured. Finally, the third lead screw (7) with positive and negative threads is rotated, and a set of right-side clamping fixtures move symmetrically closer, so that the upper and lower sides of the irregular plate to be tested contact the clamping groove sidewall of the right-side clamping fixture, thereby positioning the right-side width of the irregular plate to be tested; the active worm gears (603) of the two right-side clamping fixtures are rotated respectively, and the small gear (604) and large gear (605) are driven together, and the rack (606) extends outward, and the shim (607) is adaptively clamped to the surface of the sample to be tested through the universal ball.