Head-up display device, system and carrier

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of head-up display, in particular to a head-up display device and system and a carrier. The head-up display device comprises a backlight source, a display screen, a grating structure and a reflector assembly. The display screen comprises a light emitting surface and a backlight surface which are oppositely arranged; the backlight surface of the display screen is provided with a backlight source; the light-emitting surface of the display screen is provided with a grating structure; the grating structure comprises a substrate layer, a lens layer and a plurality of shielding areas; the lens layer is located on the substrate layer; a first gap region exists between at least part of adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures; a shielding area is arranged in the first gap area between the adjacent lens structures, and the shielding area is used for preventing light from penetrating through the first gap area; the ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the shielding area is 4: 1 to 60: 1; the reflector assembly is located above the grating structure, and the reflector assembly can reflect the light emitted by the display screen after being split by the grating structure to the eye box for multiple times. Therefore, the head-up display device has the characteristic of high imaging quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of head-up display technology, and in particular to a head-up display device, system and carrier. Background Technology

[0002] Glasses-free 3D display technology allows users to perceive three-dimensional effects from flat two-dimensional images or videos with the naked eye, without the aid of any external devices (such as 3D glasses). The principle behind glasses-free 3D display technology is to attach a slit / cylindrical grating to the display screen. Using grating technology, the pixels covered under the grating are divided into pixels visible to the user's left eye and pixels visible to the user's right eye. When the user's left and right eyes view the screen, they see the two sets of pixels respectively, resulting in each eye seeing an image with different parallax. These images are then reflected to the brain, creating a stereoscopic effect.

[0003] However, existing glasses-free 3D display technologies suffer from problems such as crosstalk or low brightness in head-up displays, which can affect the image quality of the head-up display and the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application discloses a head-up display device, which includes a backlight source, a display screen, a grating structure, and a reflector assembly.

[0005] The display screen includes a light-emitting surface and a backlight surface that are arranged opposite to each other;

[0006] The backlight surface of the display screen is equipped with a backlight source;

[0007] The light-emitting surface of the display screen is provided with a grating structure; the grating structure includes a substrate layer, a lens layer and multiple blocking areas; the lens layer is located on the substrate layer; the lens layer includes multiple lens structures; at least some of the adjacent lens structures have a first gap area between them; the first gap area between adjacent lens structures is provided with a blocking area, which is used to block light from passing through the first gap area; the ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the blocking area is 4:1 to 60:1.

[0008] The reflector assembly is located above the grating structure so that it can reflect the light emitted from the display screen after it has been split by the grating structure multiple times to reach the eye box.

[0009] In one feasible embodiment, the substrate layer includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other;

[0010] A lens layer is provided on the first surface;

[0011] Multiple shading areas are located on the first surface, or multiple shading areas are located on the second surface.

[0012] In one feasible embodiment, the difference between the width of the occluded area and the width of the first gap area corresponding to the position is less than a first preset threshold, or the ratio of the difference between the width of the occluded area and the width of the first gap area corresponding to the position to the width of the occluded area is less than a second preset threshold.

[0013] In one feasible embodiment, the width of the occlusion area is 5 to 20 micrometers;

[0014] The width of the lens structure ranges from 80 to 300 micrometers.

[0015] In one feasible embodiment, the thickness of the shading area is less than or equal to 2 micrometers.

[0016] In one feasible embodiment, the width of the first gap region between adjacent lens structures in a plurality of lens structures is equal.

[0017] In one feasible embodiment, the display screen includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit including a plurality of pixel sub-units;

[0018] Each lens structure corresponds to the position of at least one pixel unit in the display screen.

[0019] In one feasible embodiment, an adhesive layer is further provided between the light-emitting surface of the display screen and the substrate layer.

[0020] In one feasible embodiment, a first gap region exists between all adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures.

[0021] In one feasible embodiment, the lens layer comprises N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0022] In the N regions, there are gap regions 1 to N between adjacent lens structures in regions 1 to N; the gap regions 1 to N have different gap widths.

[0023] In one feasible embodiment, the lens layer comprises N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0024] In the N regions, there is a first gap region between adjacent lens structures in regions 1 to L; there is no gap region between adjacent lens structures in regions L+1 to N; L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.

[0025] In one feasible embodiment, the lens layer includes M regions, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3;

[0026] In the M regions, there are gaps between adjacent lens structures in regions 1 to K; the gaps between regions 1 to K have different gap widths; there are no gaps between adjacent lens structures in regions K+1 to M; K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than M.

[0027] On the other hand, this application discloses a head-up display system, which includes the head-up display device described above.

[0028] On the other hand, this application discloses a vehicle that includes the aforementioned head-up display system.

[0029] This application provides a head-up display device, which may include a backlight source, a display screen, a grating structure, and a reflector assembly. The display screen includes a light-emitting surface and a backlight surface disposed opposite to each other. The backlight surface of the display screen is provided with a backlight source. The light-emitting surface of the display screen is provided with a grating structure. The grating structure includes a substrate layer, a lens layer, and multiple blocking areas. The lens layer is located on the substrate layer. The lens layer includes multiple lens structures. At least some of the adjacent lens structures have a first gap area between them. The first gap area between adjacent lens structures is provided with a blocking area, which is used to block light from passing through the first gap area. The ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the blocking area is 4:1 to 60:1. The reflector assembly is located above the grating structure so that the reflector assembly can reflect the light emitted from the display screen after being split by the grating structure multiple times to the eye box. In this way, the head-up display device can have a high-quality imaging effect. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is an example application scenario diagram of a head-up display device according to this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a head-up display device exemplarily provided in this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the beam-splitting principle of a slit grating in this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the beam-splitting principle of a cylindrical lens grating according to this application;

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 4A schematic diagram of the bonding structure between the corresponding lenticular lens grating and the display screen;

[0036] Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of another cylindrical lens grating in this application, illustrating the principle of beam splitting.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary conventional cylindrical grating of this application;

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The diagram shows the beam-splitting principle of the cylindrical lens grating.

[0039] Figure 9 This is an exemplary imaging schematic diagram of a naked-eye 3D image according to this application;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary eye box according to this application;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary bonding structure between a grating structure and a display screen according to this application;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary longitudinal and lateral field of view of this application;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an exemplary grating structure of this application;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of another exemplary grating structure of this application;

[0045] Figure 15 This is the imaging simulation result of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0046] The following is supplementary explanation of the attached figures:

[0047] 1-Slit grating; 2-Display screen; 201-Pixel unit; 202-Pixel sub-unit; 3-Lens grating; 301-Lens grating; 302-Gap region; 4-First gap region; 5-Base layer; 6-Lens layer; 601-Lens structure; 7-Obstruction area; 8-Reflector assembly; 801-First reflector; 802-Second reflector; 9-Backlight source; 10-Eye box; 11-Imaging component; 12-Image source; 13-Heads-up display device; 14-Adhesive layer; 15-UV layer. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] The term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of this application. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0050] When a numerical range is disclosed herein, the range is considered continuous and includes the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range, as well as every value between the minimum and maximum values. Furthermore, when the range refers to an integer, it includes every integer between the minimum and maximum values ​​of the range. Additionally, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all subranges to which they are included. For example, a specified range from “1 to 10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between the minimum value 1 and the maximum value 10. Exemplary subranges of the range 1 to 10 include, but are not limited to, 1 to 6.1, 3.5 to 7.8, 5.5 to 10, etc.

[0051] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates an application scenario of a head-up display device exemplified in this application. This application also provides an application scenario for the aforementioned head-up display device, which may include a head-up display system (HUD). The head-up display system may include a head-up display device 13 and an imaging component 11 (e.g., a windshield). Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2The diagram shows a schematic representation of a head-up display device exemplified in this application. The head-up display device includes a backlight source 9, a display screen 2, a grating structure, and a reflector assembly 8. The display screen 2 includes a light-emitting surface and a backlight surface disposed opposite to each other. The backlight surface of the display screen 2 is provided with a backlight source 9. The light-emitting surface of the display screen 2 is provided with a grating structure. The grating structure includes a base layer 5, a lens layer 6, and multiple blocking areas 7. The lens layer 6 is located on the base layer 5. The lens layer 6 includes multiple lens structures 601. At least some of the adjacent lens structures 601 have a first gap area 4 between them. The first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 is provided with a blocking area 7, which is used to block light from penetrating the first gap area 4. The ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the blocking area 7 is 4:1 to 60:1. The reflector assembly 8 is located above the grating structure so that the reflector assembly 8 can reflect the light emitted from the display screen 2 after being split by the grating structure multiple times to the eye box. This not only reduces the processing difficulty of the grating structure, such as avoiding the influence of lens adhesive on lens performance during processing, but also effectively blocks light crosstalk caused by light emanating from the first gap area 4, based on the design of the light-shielding area, thus improving the imaging quality of the head-up display device. Optionally, the structure consisting of the backlight source 9, the display screen 2, and the grating structure can be referred to as the image source 12. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The light emitted from the image source 12 can be reflected multiple times by the reflector assembly 8 before entering the eye box 10.

[0052] Naked-eye 3D display technology typically refers to the ability for users to observe stereoscopic images with the naked eye without wearing any related devices. The principle involves attaching beam-splitting elements (such as gratings) to a display screen (LCD). These elements divide the pixels of the screen into those visible to the user's left and right eyes. This creates parallax, allowing the user to view images with a 3D effect. Therefore, the beam-splitting effect of the beam-splitting element plays a crucial role in the final 3D display effect perceived by the user.

[0053] Generally, beam-splitting elements can be classified into slit gratings (1) and cylindrical lens gratings (3) according to their beam-splitting method. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3The slit grating 1 is an optical element composed of a series of parallel fine lines or thin sheets, with light-blocking areas and light-transmitting areas. When light emitted from the display screen 2 passes through the light-transmitting areas at specific intervals, it is affected by the light-blocking areas, resulting in interference and diffraction phenomena. These interference and diffraction phenomena cause the light beam to be dispersed and deflected, separating light of different wavelengths contained in the beam, thereby achieving a beam splitting effect. By dividing the pixels of the display screen 2 into pixels seen by the user's left eye and pixels seen by the user's right eye, the user's left and right eyes can see images with different parallaxes, thus forming a stereoscopic image in the user's brain. However, because the light-blocking areas affect the light transmittance and reduce the brightness of the light, the resolution of the 3D display device using it will be reduced.

[0054] Compared to the slit grating 1, the lenticular grating 3 uses a transmission method, which avoids the problem of reduced brightness. Please refer to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The lenticular lens grating 3 typically consists of a series of parallel lenticular lens gratings 301. Each lenticular lens grating 301 can be considered a small convex lens, causing the image plane of the display screen 2 to lie on the focal plane of the lenticular lens grating 301. Thus, each lenticular lens grating 301 corresponds to several sub-pixels of the display screen 2, and each lenticular lens grating 301 can project each sub-pixel in a different direction, allowing the user's left and right eyes to see images with different parallaxes, forming a stereoscopic image in the user's brain. (See also...) Figure 6 Ideally, the lenticular lens grating 3 can refract the light emitted from the display screen 2 into light rays in different directions, allowing the user's left eye to see images with different parallaxes. However, due to limitations in actual manufacturing capabilities and skill levels, the lenticular lens gratings 301 produced in practice often have gap regions 302 between them. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 The diagram illustrates an exemplary structure of a conventional cylindrical grating, which causes some light rays to exit through the gap region 302, resulting in crosstalk (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 8 middle, Figure 8The dashed line light (which is crosstalk light) affects the display effect of the 3D display device. Therefore, the head-up display device provided in this application has the following advantages: the grating structure includes a base layer 5, a lens layer 6, and multiple blocking areas 7; the lens layer 6 is located on the base layer 5; the lens layer 6 includes multiple lens structures 601; at least some adjacent lens structures 601 have a first gap area 4 between them; the first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 is provided with a blocking area 7; the ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the blocking area 7 is 4:1 to 60:1. This ensures that the brightness is not affected and crosstalk is avoided, thus guaranteeing the imaging quality of the head-up display device. Since the requirements for the alignment accuracy of the cylindrical lens grating 3 are greatly reduced, the equipment precision and process difficulty can be reduced, costs can be saved, and the mass production rate can be improved.

[0055] In one feasible embodiment, the display screen 2 includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit including a plurality of pixel sub-units; each lens structure 601 corresponds to at least one pixel unit in the display screen 2. The display screen 2 itself does not emit light; light emitted from the backlight source 9 illuminates the display screen 2, lighting up the pixels. The display screen 2 then emits light to a grating structure, where the plurality of lens structures 601 can split the incident light, refracting light at different angles. After being reflected by the reflector assembly 8, a virtual image is formed on the imaging component 11 (such as a windshield) to reach different areas of the eye box. The first reflector 801 can specifically be a plane mirror, and the second reflector 8029 can be a curved mirror. Optionally, the first reflector 801 can be a curved mirror; the second reflector 802 can also be a curved mirror. Optionally, the reflector assembly 8 is not limited to including two reflectors, but can also include only one or more reflectors, the specific number and position of which can be set as needed. Head-up display systems can project information such as vehicle speed, navigation information, and warning information into the driver's field of vision in the form of images and characters through optical components, and are widely used in vehicles to implement driving assistance.

[0056] Please see Figure 9 The diagram illustrates an exemplary naked-eye 3D image of this application. The principle of naked-eye 3D images lies in the optical design of the head-up display system, allowing the user's left eye to see image P1 through the imaging component 11, and the right eye to see image P2. Its key feature is that by changing the position between the two images viewed by the user, the binocular parallax is adjusted, causing a change in the perceived distance of the virtual image. In reality, the virtual image distance remains constant; the closer the two images are, the closer the perceived virtual image distance, and vice versa.

[0057] Please see Figure 10The diagram shown is an exemplary eye box of this application. The eye box 10 refers to the range of eyeball distribution that a user can see when looking at the imaging structure in the HUD. The normal interpupillary distance of the human eye is about 63-65mm, so the size of the eye box 10 area in the HUD is also set accordingly.

[0058] The image displayed on the HUD's screen 2 is projected onto the eye box 10 through the imaging component 11 (e.g., the windshield), allowing the eye box 10 to be divided into multiple viewing zones (i.e., the eye box 10 is divided into different areas). Specifically, the eye box 10 can be divided into, for example... Figure 12 The three zones shown (upper, middle, and lower) can also be divided into four or five zones, etc., without limitation. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 11 The diagram illustrates an exemplary bonding structure of a grating structure and a display screen according to this application. The light-emitting surface of the display screen 2 is provided with a substrate layer 5. Light emitted from the light-emitting surface of the display screen 2 can be refracted through each lens structure 601 to different areas of the eye box 10. The display screen 2 includes a plurality of pixel units 201 arranged in an array, and each pixel unit 201 includes a plurality of pixel sub-units 202. Each lens structure 601 corresponds to at least one pixel unit 201 in the display screen 2. Therefore, when partitioning the eye box 10, the eye box 10 can be partitioned based on the number of pixel sub-units 202 covered by each lens structure 601 in the grating structure, resulting in a set of viewing areas. The viewing areas are periodically repeated. For example, if one lens structure 601 covers four pixel sub-units 202 in the display screen 2, the eye box 10 can be evenly divided into four viewing areas. Similarly, if each lens structure 601 covers five pixel sub-units 202 in the display screen 2, the eye box 10 can be evenly divided into five viewing areas. Each lens structure 601 covers five pixel sub-units 202 in the display screen 2, and can also divide the eye box 10 into six viewing areas. Specifically, the eye box 10 and the area covered by each lens structure 601 and the pixel sub-units 202 can be divided as needed.

[0059] Specifically, the pixel sub-unit 202 can be any sub-pixel in the display screen 2, such as a red (R) sub-pixel, a green (G) sub-pixel, and a blue (B) sub-pixel. That is, the position of each lens structure 601 can correspond to the position of at least one pixel unit 201 in the display screen 2, and the length of each lens structure 601 in the row direction of the display screen 2 can be equal to the length of at least one pixel unit 201 arranged in the row direction in the display screen 2.

[0060] In other embodiments, the eye box 10 can be partitioned according to the surface shape, thickness, material refractive index, refractive index and thickness of the adhesive bonded between the grating structure and the optical parameters of the display screen 2, such as the thickness and refractive index of each layer involved between the filter and the upper surface of the liquid crystal display (LCD), to obtain visual partitioning, and then obtain the required interpupillary distance and interpupillary distance values.

[0061] In this embodiment, the light splitting principle of the above-mentioned grating structure is as follows: After the light from adjacent pixel units 201 in the display screen 2 is refracted by the cylindrical lens grating 3, the exit angles are different. After being refracted by the reflector assembly 8 and the imaging component 11 in sequence, the light can enter the driver's left and right eyes respectively, so that the driver's left and right eyes see different images, thus achieving light splitting.

[0062] Please continue reading. Figure 11 The position of a lens structure 601 can be relative to the first pixel unit 201 in the display screen 2 (e.g., Figure 13 The first pixel includes three sub-pixels: R1, G1, and B1, and the second pixel unit 201 (e.g., ...). Figure 11The positions of the three sub-pixels (R2, G2, and B2) are correspondingly set. The length of the lens structure 601 in the row direction of the display screen 2 can be equal to the sum of the lengths of the first pixel unit 201 and the second pixel unit 201 arranged in the row direction of the display screen 2. The first pixel unit 201 and the second pixel unit 201 can be in the same row in the pixel unit 201 array. Optionally, when the pixel sub-unit 202 (e.g., R1) in the first pixel unit 201 is in an emitting state, and the pixel sub-unit 202 (e.g., R2) in the second pixel unit 201 is in an emitting state, the lens structure 601 can refract the light emitted by the first pixel sub-unit 202 and the light emitted by the second pixel sub-unit 202, so that the light emitted by the first pixel sub-unit 202 and the light emitted by the second pixel sub-unit 202 are refracted from the light-emitting surface of the lenticular lens grating 3 to different areas of the eye box 10. At this time, by setting the length of a lens structure 601 to correspond to the sum of the lengths of two adjacent pixel units 201, one of the three RGB pixel sub-units 202 of a single pixel unit 201 can be controlled to be in an illuminating state. For example, only pixel sub-unit R can be controlled to be in an illuminating state, so that the light from one pixel unit 201 in two adjacent pixel units 201 corresponds to the right eye, and the light from the other pixel unit 201 corresponds to the left eye. By controlling the monochrome subpixel to be in an illuminating state, the user can view a monochrome three-dimensional image through the imaging component 11. Optionally, in order for the user to view a colored three-dimensional virtual image through the imaging component 11, multiple pixel sub-units 202 in a single pixel unit 201 can also be controlled to be in an illuminating state.

[0063] Please see Figure 12 The diagram illustrates an exemplary longitudinal and lateral field of view of this application. For a rectangular virtual image, the angle between the midpoints of the two vertical sides and the eye point can be called the lateral field of view (HFOV), or the horizontal field of view. The angle between the midpoints of the two horizontal sides and the eye point can be called the vertical field of view (VFOV), or the longitudinal field of view.

[0064] The following will describe in detail the grating structure in the head-up display device:

[0065] In one feasible embodiment, the substrate layer 5 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; a lens layer 6 is disposed on the first surface; and a plurality of light-shielding areas are located on the first surface. In this case, each light-shielding area 7 is located below a first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601. In another feasible embodiment, the substrate layer 5 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; a lens layer 6 is disposed on the first surface; and a plurality of light-shielding areas are located on the second surface, i.e., as shown... Figure 2 As shown, each shielding area 7 is located above the first gap area 4 between adjacent lens structures 601. This design facilitates the alignment of the shielding area 7 with the corresponding first gap area 4 during the molding process. For example, the base layer 5, lens layer 6, and shielding layer can be molded first, and then the two can be bonded together.

[0066] Generally, a larger width of the first gap region 4 can reduce the impact of adhesive (also known as glue) on the physical structure of the grating during bonding. However, it should not be too large, because if it is too large, after the blocking region 7 is subsequently set on the first gap region 4, some light will not be able to escape, which will affect the imaging effect. Therefore, in a feasible embodiment, the length of the blocking region 7 along the first direction ranges from 5 to 20 micrometers. Alternatively, the width of the blocking region 7 can be 5 to 20 micrometers. Specifically, in an exemplary embodiment, the width of the blocking region 7 can be 5 micrometers, 7 micrometers, 9 micrometers, 11 micrometers, 13 micrometers, 15 micrometers, 17 micrometers, 19 micrometers, or 20 micrometers. Of course, the width of the blocking region 7 can also be positively correlated with the width of the first gap region 4. When the two widths are equal, the first gap regions 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 can all be equal, and the width of the first gap region 4 can also be set to 5 to 20 micrometers. Optionally, the width of the first gap region 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6 is equal, but it is also acceptable if there is a small expected deviation. For example, the width difference between any two first gap regions 4 can be less than or equal to 1 micrometer.

[0067] In one feasible embodiment, the difference between the width of the blocking area 7 and the width of the corresponding first gap area 4 can be less than a first preset threshold to ensure the blocking effect of the blocking area 7, minimize light crosstalk, and enable the head-up display device to achieve a better display effect. In another feasible embodiment, the ratio of the difference between the width of the blocking area 7 and the width of the corresponding first gap area 4 to the width of the blocking area 7 is less than a second preset threshold. Compared with the aforementioned embodiments, this embodiment can further reduce the processing difficulty while ensuring the blocking effect. The aforementioned first and second preset thresholds can be adaptively adjusted according to the required light-blocking effect, and are not limited here.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, the ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the blocking area 7 is 4:1 to 60:1. Specifically, the ratio of the width of the lens structure 601 to the width of the blocking area 7 can be 4:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1 or 60:1, etc., and is not limited to the specific ratios listed above.

[0069] In one feasible embodiment, the thickness of the shading area 7 is less than or equal to 2 micrometers. Specifically, the thickness of the shading area 7 can be 0.5 micrometers, 1 micrometer, 1.5 micrometers, or 2 micrometers.

[0070] In one feasible embodiment, the width of the lens structure 601 is 80 to 300 micrometers. Specifically, the width of the lens structure 601 can be 80 micrometers, 100 micrometers, 120 micrometers, 140 micrometers, 160 micrometers, 180 micrometers, 200 micrometers, 220 micrometers, 240 micrometers, 260 micrometers, 280 micrometers, or 300 micrometers.

[0071] In one feasible embodiment, the width of the first gap region 4 between adjacent lens structures 601 in the plurality of lens structures 601 is equal. This makes the plurality of lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6 uniformly distributed. Of course, due to limitations in processing precision, the first gap regions 4 in the lens layer 6 actually manufactured may not be completely equal.

[0072] In one feasible embodiment, a first gap region exists between all adjacent lens structures 601 in the plurality of lens structures 601. That is, a gap region exists between all adjacent lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6, and these gap regions are all the aforementioned first gap regions 4.

[0073] In another feasible embodiment, the lens layer 6 includes N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; among the N regions, there are gap regions 1 to N between adjacent lens structures 601 in the 1st to Nth regions; the gap regions 1 to N have different gap widths. That is, there may be gap regions between all adjacent lens structures 601 in the lens layer 6, wherein a first gap region 4 exists between some adjacent lens structures 601, and gap regions of other widths exist between the remaining adjacent lens structures 601. Optionally, the width of the gap regions between the remaining adjacent lens structures 601 may be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed.

[0074] In another feasible embodiment, the lens layer 6 includes N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; among the N regions, there is a first gap region between adjacent lens structures 601 in regions 1 to L; there is no gap region between adjacent lens structures 601 in regions L+1 to N; where L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N. That is, there may be a first gap region 4 between some adjacent lens structures 601, while there is no gap region between other adjacent lens structures 601.

[0075] In another feasible embodiment, the lens layer 6 includes M regions, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; among the M regions, adjacent lens structures 601 in regions 1 to K have gap regions 1 to K; the gap regions 1 to K have different gap widths; there are no gap regions between adjacent lens structures 601 in regions K+1 to M; K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than M. That is, a portion of adjacent lens structures 601 may have a first gap region 4, a portion of adjacent lens structures 601 may have gap regions of other widths, and the remaining adjacent lens structures 601 may have no gap regions.

[0076] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the lens layer 6 can be divided into multiple regions according to the arrangement direction of the lens structures 601. The gap between adjacent lens structures 601 in each region corresponds to a specific gap width. Optionally, the width of these gap regions can all be the width of the first gap region, or they can correspond to at least two different gap widths, such as the width of the first gap region 4 and the widths of other gap regions (which can be less than 5 micrometers). Optionally, the gap regions can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed, without limitation. Optionally, in some regions, the gap between adjacent lens structures 601 can correspond to a specific gap width, while in other regions, there are no gaps between adjacent lens structures 601. The width of these gap regions can all be the width of the first gap region 4, or they can correspond to at least two different gap widths. These gap regions can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed, without limitation. However, regardless of whether it is the first gap region 4 or other gap regions, to achieve a better display effect, each corresponding region will have a corresponding blocking area 7.

[0077] In one feasible embodiment, both the substrate layer 5 and the lens layer 6 are made of transparent materials. Specifically, depending on the molding process or the desired display effect, the substrate layer 5 can be any material layer achievable in the prior art. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable material layer as the substrate according to the actual situation. For example, the substrate layer 5 can be a PET layer, an APET layer, a PC layer, a PP layer, a PMMA layer, or a glass layer. Similarly, the lens layer 6 can also be made of a suitable material layer according to the actual situation, such as a UV resin layer.

[0078] In one feasible embodiment, the material of the shielding area 7 can be a material that blocks light transmission. Specifically, it can be a metallic material, an inorganic material (such as ceramics), or a composite material (such as a material composed of metal and organic materials, or a material composed of inorganic and organic materials). There is no limitation on the specific type of material of the shielding area 7, as long as it can block light from passing through the shielding area 7.

[0079] In one feasible embodiment, each lens structure 601 is either a convex lens or a concave lens, which can be selected and set according to the required imaging needs. This application embodiment mainly illustrates the case where the lens structure 601 is a convex lens. The surface of the convex lens can be semi-circular or other arc-shaped, and the curvature of the convex lens can be set as needed to adapt to different application requirements and visual effects. No limitations are imposed here.

[0080] In one feasible embodiment, please refer to Figure 14 The grating structure may further include an adhesive layer 14, on which a base layer 5 is provided. The adhesive layer 14 is located below the base layer 5 and is used to bond it to other layers. It uses a special adhesive. Optionally, the aforementioned shielding area 7 may also be located below the adhesive layer 14. Optionally, the grating structure may vary depending on the processing method. For example, when using UV embossing, a UV layer 15 is formed during the molding process. The UV layer 15 is located between the base layer 5 and the lens layer 6. The thickness of each layer can be adjusted as needed.

[0081] This application embodiment also provides a method for fabricating the above-mentioned grating structure. Common methods for fabricating lenticular gratings 3 include hot pressing, injection molding, and photolithography. Hot pressing and injection molding involve molding a polymer using a grating mold, and the desired lenticular grating 3 is obtained after cooling or curing. The grating mold can be obtained by patterning a substrate. Photolithography is a method of obtaining lenticular gratings by exposing adhesive through exposure. Optionally, depending on the order of forming the light-shielding area and lens layer 6, the method for fabricating the grating structure can be divided into the following two methods. The first method is to first form the light-shielding area 7 (which can be formed using a patch or coating process). The light-shielding area 7 can be formed directly on a predetermined area of ​​the substrate using a mask. Subsequently, the base layer 5 and lens layer 6 can be formed using the above-mentioned common methods, and the base layer 5 is bonded to the light-shielding area 7 according to the predetermined structural hierarchy. The second method involves first forming the base layer 5 and the lens layer 6, then attaching them to the display screen 2, and finally filling the first gap area 4 with an opaque medium. In comparison, the first method has lower requirements for equipment and forming precision.

[0082] An exemplary implementation of the molded grating structure can be as follows: First, a UV material is formed on the grating mold. Specifically, the material can be coated onto a columnar micro-concave array mold, and a flexible transparent substrate material such as polyethylene phthalate (PET) or polypropylene (PP) can be covered on top of the UV material. The material is then rolled flat using a roller press or laminator with adjusted spacing, extruding excess adhesive. Alternatively, the UV material can be coated and then passed through a UV roller coater with appropriate spacing to allow the UV material to flow naturally. Next, a UV curing process is performed. Specifically, the coated micro-concave array mold can be irradiated with a UV lamp to cure the UV material. Finally, the grating can be peeled off from the mold manually or mechanically to obtain the cylindrical lens grating 3. Then, based on a mask, a film can be deposited on its base layer 5 or lens layer 6 to form a masking area 7, or the masking area 7 can be formed directly on its base layer 5 or lens layer 6. The masking area 7 can then be obtained by patterning the film. In fact, the lenticular grating 3 in the grating structure can also be implemented in other ways, not limited to the above examples, as long as the lenticular grating 3 with the required structure and optical parameters can be formed.

[0083] Since the material of the lenticular lens grating 3 is liquid during the forming process, when the structures of adjacent lenticular lens gratings 301 are close, the material will fuse together, causing the structure of the lenticular lens grating 3 to change and not achieve the required structural shape. Therefore, in order to avoid this phenomenon, a certain gap is usually left between adjacent lenticular lens gratings 301 in the existing processing. However, this will further lead to crosstalk problems. Therefore, this application uses a light-shielding area to perform light-shielding treatment, which can ensure the integrity of the lenticular lens structure and prevent crosstalk problems.

[0084] The beneficial effects of this application will be illustrated below with a specific embodiment:

[0085] Taking a cylindrical lens grating 301 covering eight sub-pixels of a display screen 2 as an example, a pair of examples 1, 2, 3, 1 embodiment, and 2 embodiment are provided. Examples 1 and 2 are cylindrical lens gratings 3 formed based on existing processes, meaning that a first gap region 4 exists between adjacent lens structures 601. Specifically, the first gap region 4 in Example 1 is 20mm, and in Example 2 it is 10mm. Example 3 is an ideal cylindrical lens grating 3, meaning that there is no first gap region 4 between adjacent lens structures 601. Embodiment 1 is a grating structure with a blocking region 7 in the first gap region 4 of Example 1, and Embodiment 2 is a grating structure with a blocking region 7 in the first gap region 4 of Example 2. All other parameters of the above five structures are the same. For example, each cylindrical lens grating 301 can be as follows: Figure 14 Specifically, in the structure shown, the width of lens structure 601 in lens layer 6 can be set to 170.43 micrometers, and the tilt angle of lens layer 6 on the substrate is 18.25°. The thickness of adhesive layer 14 is 50±5 micrometers, the thickness of substrate layer 5 is 50±5 micrometers, the thickness of UV layer 15 is 10±5 micrometers, and the height of lens layer 6 is 8.88 to 11.1 micrometers, etc. Based on HUD imaging simulation calculations, the following can be obtained... Figure 15 The image shows the imaging simulation results corresponding to Example 1. The horizontal axis of the color image represents the irradiance width in the x-direction, in millimeters; the vertical axis represents the irradiance width in the y-direction, in millimeters. By comparing the simulation results, it can be seen that the crosstalk value of Comparative Example 1 is about 8.6%, the crosstalk value of Comparative Example 2 is about 2.2%, and there is no crosstalk in Comparative Example 3. However, by blocking the first gap area 4, its crosstalk can be greatly reduced. For example, the crosstalk value of Example 1 is about 0.01%, and the crosstalk value of Example 2 is about 0.01%. This confirms that the head-up display device using this solution can effectively avoid crosstalk problems.

[0086] This application provides a head-up display system, which includes the head-up display device described above, as detailed in the foregoing description.

[0087] This application provides a vehicle including the aforementioned head-up display system. The vehicle provided in this embodiment may include, but is not limited to, land-based vehicles such as vehicles, air vehicles such as aircraft, or water or underwater vehicles.

[0088] Because the vehicle includes the aforementioned head-up display system, the head-up display device in the system can effectively avoid light crosstalk and has good brightness, providing the driver with a better display effect and ensuring the driver's driving safety.

[0089] The head-up display system can also be linked with the driver monitoring system (DMS) to monitor the driver's condition and prevent dangerous behaviors such as driver fatigue and distraction.

[0090] The above description is only an optional embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A head-up display device, characterized in that, Includes backlight source, display screen, grating structure and reflector assembly; The display screen includes a light-emitting surface and a backlight surface that are arranged opposite to each other; The backlight surface of the display screen is provided with the backlight source; the backlight source is used to illuminate the display screen; The light-emitting surface of the display screen is provided with the grating structure; the grating structure includes a base layer, a lens layer, and multiple blocking areas; the lens layer is located on the base layer; the lens layer includes multiple lens structures; at least some of the multiple lens structures have a first gap area between them; the first gap area between adjacent lens structures is provided with a blocking area, which is used to block light from passing through the first gap area; the ratio of the width of the lens structure to the width of the blocking area is 4:1 to 60:1; The reflector assembly is located above the grating structure so that the reflector assembly can reflect the light emitted from the display screen after it has been split by the grating structure multiple times to reach the eye box.

2. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base layer includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; The lens layer is provided on the first surface; The plurality of light-shielding areas are located on the first surface, or the plurality of light-shielding areas are located on the second surface.

3. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference between the width of the occluded area and the width of the first gap area corresponding to the position is less than a first preset threshold, or the ratio of the difference between the width of the occluded area and the width of the first gap area corresponding to the position to the width of the occluded area is less than a second preset threshold.

4. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the shading area is 5 to 20 micrometers; The width of the lens structure is 80 to 300 micrometers.

5. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the shielding area is less than or equal to 2 micrometers.

6. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the first gap region between adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures is equal.

7. The head-up display device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The display screen includes multiple pixel units arranged in an array, and each pixel unit includes multiple pixel sub-units; Each of the lens structures corresponds to the position of at least one pixel unit in the display screen.

8. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adhesive layer is also provided between the light-emitting surface of the display screen and the substrate layer.

9. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gap region exists between all adjacent lens structures in the plurality of lens structures.

10. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lens layer comprises N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; In the N regions, there are gap regions 1 to 2 between adjacent lens structures in regions 1 to 2; the gap regions 1 to 2 have different gap widths.

11. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lens layer comprises N regions, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; In the N regions, the first gap region exists between adjacent lens structures in regions 1 to L; there is no gap region between adjacent lens structures in regions L+1 to N; L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N.

12. The head-up display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lens layer comprises M regions, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; In the M regions, there are gaps between adjacent lens structures in regions 1 to K; the gaps between regions 1 to K have different gap widths; there are no gaps between adjacent lens structures in regions K+1 to M; K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than M.

13. A head-up display system, characterized in that, Includes the head-up display device as described in any one of claims 1-12.

14. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including the head-up display system as described in claim 13.

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