Extraction device for medical experiment

Abstract

The invention relates to an extraction device for medical experiments, and belongs to the technical field of extraction equipment, the device comprises a liquid separation cup for extraction operation, the bottom of the liquid separation cup is provided with a liquid outlet, and a density sensing element is arranged close to the bottom in the cup and is used for detecting the density of liquid near the bottom of the cup; a liquid phase change sensing element is arranged on the side wall, close to the bottom, of the cup body and used for recognizing liquid phase layer switching. A gate plate is arranged at the bottom in the liquid separation cup, one side of the gate plate is hinged to the cup wall, a gate hole is formed in the center of the gate plate and can be switched between a normal position and a liquid drainage position through a driving mechanism, and the gate hole and the liquid drainage opening are staggered and blocked in the normal state and aligned at the liquid drainage position for liquid phase drainage. When the density sensing element detects abrupt change of density or the liquid phase change sensing element recognizes switching of a liquid phase layer, the driving mechanism drives the flashboard to reset to a normal position after time t, and t is the duration that liquid below the detection position is completely discharged out of the liquid outlet, so that accurate liquid cut-off is achieved, liquid phase mixing is avoided, and the extraction purity and the experiment reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of extraction equipment technology, and more specifically to an extraction device for medical experiments. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid-liquid extraction is one of the core methods for separating the effective components of biological samples in medical experiments. Its separation accuracy directly affects the accuracy of experimental data, sample purity, and the reliability of subsequent experiments. Currently, the extraction devices used in medical experiments are mostly based on traditional separatory funnels, supplemented by manual operation or simple mechanical structures to complete the liquid separation. In practical applications, this has many technical shortcomings and cannot meet the high requirements of medical experiments for accuracy, automation, and sample safety.

[0003] First, traditional extraction devices rely on manual judgment for liquid phase separation identification and drainage control, which is inaccurate and susceptible to human error. In medical experiments, the liquid phase separation interface of the mixture to be extracted is often not intuitive. Some liquid phases may only have density differences and similar colors, or subtle color differences, making it difficult for operators to accurately capture the movement trajectory of the separation interface with the naked eye. During the drainage process, the timing of valve opening and closing must be manually controlled. If the operation is not timely or the judgment is incorrect, different liquid phases can easily mix, reducing the purity of extraction and separation, or even causing sample contamination and affecting the validity of the experimental results.

[0004] Secondly, the valves of traditional extraction devices mostly adopt plug-in or rotary structures, which have poor sealing performance. During the liquid discharge process, liquid is prone to seeping from the valve gaps, which not only wastes samples but may also contaminate the experimental environment. At the same time, valve switching is mostly manual operation or simple electric control, lacking linkage with liquid phase stratification detection signals, making it impossible to achieve precise liquid cut-off based on liquid phase changes, and making it difficult to avoid mixing of different liquid phases.

[0005] Furthermore, existing devices have a low level of automation, making them susceptible to contamination during sample transport and storage, and the operation is cumbersome. After extraction, liquid samples need to be manually removed and sealed promptly. If operators cannot monitor the process in real time, the samples are easily contaminated by external dust and impurities. At the same time, the transport, positioning, and sealing of sample vials after drainage all require manual intervention. The operation process is cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, failing to meet the needs of efficient, unattended operation in medical experiments, and is also difficult to adapt to batch sample extraction scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an extraction device for medical experiments to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, thereby achieving more automatic, convenient and reliable operation during medical experimental extraction.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An extraction apparatus for medical experiments includes a separatory cup for extraction, with a drain outlet at the bottom. A density sensing element is located near the bottom of the separatory cup to detect the density of the liquid near the bottom. A liquid phase change sensing element is also located on the side wall near the bottom of the separatory cup to identify different liquid phase layers. It also includes a gate located at the bottom of the separatory cup. One side of the gate is hinged to the side wall of the separatory cup and has a gate hole in the center. The gate can be rotated to a normal position and a drain position by a drive mechanism. When the gate is in the normal position, the gate hole and the drain hole are offset from each other. When the gate is rotated to the drain position, the gate hole and the drain hole are aligned so that the corresponding liquid phase is discharged from the drain hole. When the density sensing element detects a change in density, or when the liquid phase change sensing element identifies a change in the liquid phase layer it faces, the driving mechanism drives the gate to rotate to the normal position after t seconds. The time t is equal to the time it takes for all the liquid below the liquid height detected by the density sensing element or the liquid phase change sensing element to flow out of the drain hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the density sensing element includes a suspension rod vertically fixed inside the separatory cup. From top to bottom, the bottom of the suspension rod is provided with a pressure sensor, a lightweight spring, and a sliding float. The sliding part at the top of the sliding float is axially slidably installed inside the bottom of the suspension rod, and the bottom cover is submerged in the liquid, so as to withstand different buoyancy in different density liquid phases and generate different pressures on the pressure sensor.

[0009] Furthermore, a guide block is fixed to one side of the sliding part. The guide block is vertically slidably installed in the side wall at the bottom of the suspension rod. When the guide block is in the lower limit position and the cover is not submerged in the liquid, the lightweight spring is in a free state.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is ring-shaped, with a cylindrical core coaxially fixed inside the suspension rod on its inner side. The bottom end of the cylindrical core does not contact the lightweight spring, and a core column is coaxially fixed to the bottom end of the cylindrical core. The sliding floating cover is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the core column with a dynamic sealing fit. The cover body is a conical disc structure with a flat bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquid phase change sensing element is a color sensor, which is installed on the bottom side of the dispensing cup to identify the different colors of liquid phase it faces, so as to determine the downward movement of the liquid phase when the dispensing cup is draining.

[0012] Furthermore, the liquid phase change sensing element includes a light source emitter and a light source receiver, which are respectively disposed opposite to each other in the two side walls near the bottom of the dispensing cup. When the liquid phase changes between the two, the light intensity received by the light source receiver is different, so as to sense whether there is a change in the liquid phase it is facing.

[0013] Furthermore, the side wall near the bottom of the dispensing cup has an annular expansion portion, within which is a sliding cavity for the edge of the gate to move. The size of the sliding cavity must ensure that the edge of the gate never leaves the sliding cavity, so as to ensure that liquid can only enter the drain hole from the gate hole. The upper surface of the gate is always in pressure contact with a sealing ring near its edge, and the sealing ring is embedded in the upper side wall of the sliding cavity. The bottom of the gate makes rolling contact with the bottom of the dispensing cup through a number of ball bearings arranged along its rotation path.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid receiving chamber located outside the bottom of the dispensing cup, into which a liquid phase bottle is placed to receive the liquid flowing down through the drain hole; the bottom of the liquid receiving chamber has several through holes, and below the through holes is a waste liquid tank mounted on a base with a drawer-type structure, the base for mounting the integrally formed liquid receiving chamber and dispensing cup.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a transfer plate for transferring the liquid phase bottle into / out of the receiving chamber. The transfer plate includes a transfer disc part and a transfer handle part. The gate includes a disc gate and a gate handle. The transfer disc part is provided with a ring array of locking blocks that slide radially around it. The locking blocks can clamp and fix the liquid phase bottle in the center of the transfer disc part. The driving mechanism includes a micro motor mounted on the outside of the receiving chamber. The main shaft of the micro motor is fixed with a first driving gear and a second driving gear. The first driving gear meshes with a driven gear fixed on the hinge shaft of the transfer plate through a reduction gear assembly. The second driving gear meshes with an internal gear ring rotatably mounted in the side wall of the dispensing cup. A contact rod is vertically fixed on one side of the bottom end of the internal gear ring, and the main shaft rotates through the gate handle so that the main shaft acts as the hinge pin of the gate. A torsion spring is coaxially mounted on the main shaft below the gate handle. One end of the torsion spring is connected to the ground of the gate, and the other end is connected to the bottom of the groove in the dispensing cup to restrict the gate to the normal position. When the micro motor rotates, on the one hand, the contact rod pushes the gate handle to rotate the gate to the discharge position, and on the other hand, the transfer plate transports the liquid phase bottle into the receiving chamber to align with the discharge hole.

[0016] Furthermore, an elastic rod is vertically installed at the bottom of the liquid phase bottle, and a butterfly-shaped cover is fixed at the top of the elastic rod. The center of the butterfly-shaped cover is a raised spherical shell, and its four sides are surrounded by a conical shell. Under normal conditions, the elastic rod causes the butterfly-shaped cover to seal the mouth of the liquid phase bottle. A steel ball is fixed inside the bottom port of the drain hole by an L-shaped lever. When the liquid phase bottle is transferred to the receiving chamber, the spherical shell is pressed down by the steel ball, causing the bottle mouth to open.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This extraction device for medical experiments, through optimized structural design, integrated functional modules, and the construction of an intelligent control system, achieves precision, automation, and high efficiency in extraction operations, significantly improving the reliability and convenience of extraction and separation in medical experiments. Specific beneficial effects are as follows: (i) Achieve accurate identification of liquid phase stratification and significantly improve separation purity. This device employs a dual identification mechanism, allowing either a density sensor or a liquid phase change sensing element to operate independently or in tandem. This effectively solves the problems of liquid phase identification and automatic liquid phase extraction in traditional devices. The density sensor, through a combination of a suspension rod, a sliding float, a lightweight spring, and a pressure sensor, can detect density changes at a specific depth within the dispensing cup in real time. It converts buoyancy differences into pressure signals, achieving high detection accuracy and fast response, and precisely capturing density abrupt changes in different liquid phase layers. Simultaneously, the liquid phase change sensing element can utilize a combination of a high-precision color sensor or a light source transmitter and receiver. By identifying changes in liquid color or transmittance, it synchronously verifies the switching of liquid phase layers. The dual signals complement each other, avoiding misjudgments from a single identification method and ensuring the accuracy of liquid phase layer identification. (ii) To achieve intelligent and precise control of liquid discharge and avoid liquid phase mixing and contamination. This device constructs an intelligent liquid drainage control system through the design of density sensing elements, liquid phase change sensing elements, and the action logic of the drive mechanism, achieving precise control of the timing of liquid drainage. When a change in the liquid phase layer is detected, the drive mechanism can be automatically triggered after t seconds to achieve precise switching of the gate and liquid cut-off, completely solving the problem of easy error in the timing of liquid drainage by manual control in traditional devices. (iii) Improve the automation level of the equipment, reduce the complexity of operation, and support unattended operation. This device, through the coordinated design of the drive mechanism and the transfer plate, achieves automatic transfer, positioning, opening, and sealing of sample bottles, significantly improving the level of automation and reducing the intensity of manual operation. The drive mechanism, through the cooperation of dual drive gears and a reduction gear assembly, synchronously opens and closes the gate and rotates the transfer plate, precisely transferring the sample bottle to the receiving chamber and aligning it with the drain port, eliminating the need for manual positioning. The elastic rod at the bottom of the sample bottle and the butterfly-shaped cover structure, together with the steel ball inside the drain hole, enable automatic opening and sealing of the sample bottle. The bottle opening automatically opens during draining and automatically closes after transfer, preventing sample contamination during transport. This design eliminates the need for operators to be constantly present at the device. Even if they leave temporarily, the samples remain sealed and clean. Upon their return, they can simply replace the sample bottles and continue the operation. This provides the foundation for unattended medical experiments, effectively saving labor time and improving experimental efficiency. It is especially suitable for batch sample extraction experiments. Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of an extraction device for medical experiments according to the present invention; Figure 2 A specific structural diagram of a density sensing element; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of a transfer plate; Figure 5 A top view of a specific structure of a gate; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Dispensing cup; 101. Drain hole; 2. Density sensing element; 201. Pressure sensor; 202. Light spring; 203. Sliding float; 203. Sliding part; 203. Cover body; 203. Cylindrical core; 204. Core column; 205. Guide block; 206. Suspension rod; 3. Light source emitter; 4. Light source receiver; 5. Sealing ring; 6. Gate; 7. Gate hole; 701. Disc gate; 702. Gate handle; 703. Ball bearing; 8. Liquid receiving chamber; 9. Bottle transport channel; 901 10. Liquid phase bottle, 11. Base, 12. Waste liquid tank, 13. Transfer plate, 1301. Transfer disc, 1302. Transfer handle, 14. Locking block, 15. Micro motor, 16. First drive gear, 17. Second drive gear, 18. Internal gear ring, 19. Contact rod, 20. Reduction gear assembly, 21. Main shaft, 22. Torsion spring, 23. Elastic rod, 24. Spherical shell, 25. Conical shell, 26. Steel ball, 27. Crank rod, 28. Driven gear, 29. Exhaust valve. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0022] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an extraction device for medical experiments, which can be used for liquid-liquid extraction and separation of active ingredients in biological samples. The device includes a transparent quartz separatory cup 1, which is cylindrical in shape and has an exhaust valve 29 installed at the top to discharge reaction waste gas when necessary. A density sensing element 2 is installed near the bottom of the separatory cup 1. The detection probe of this density sensing element 2 is completely submerged in the liquid to detect the density of the liquid near the bottom of the cup, for example, 3 cm from the bottom. In practice, it is best to make the separatory cup 1 with a small diameter to provide sufficient axial height for accurately capturing density differences between different liquid phases. Simultaneously, a liquid phase change sensing element is embedded in the side wall near the bottom of the separatory cup 1. The detection end of this liquid phase change sensing element is radially positioned towards the separatory cup 1 to identify the liquid it is currently facing and to sense changes in the corresponding liquid type. The device also includes a gate 7 located at the bottom of the separatory cup 1. The gate 7 is made of corrosion-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). One side of the gate 7 is hinged to the side wall of the separatory cup 1. A gate hole 701 matching the inner diameter of the drain outlet is opened in the center of the gate 7. The gate 7 is rotated by a drive mechanism and can switch between a normal position and a drain position. Specifically: when the gate 7 is in the normal position, the gate hole 701 and the drain outlet are completely misaligned in the horizontal direction, and the surface of the gate 7 completely blocks the drain outlet, preventing the liquid in the separatory cup 1 from flowing out of the drain outlet; when the gate 7 is rotated to the drain position, the gate hole 701 and the drain outlet are precisely aligned in the vertical direction, forming a connecting channel, allowing the corresponding liquid phase to be discharged from the drain outlet under the action of gravity.

[0024] In the above embodiments, a corresponding control module can be designed to establish electrical connections with the density sensing element 2, the liquid phase change sensing element, and the drive mechanism. When the density sensing element 2 detects a sudden change in the density of the liquid at the bottom of the cup (e.g., from 1.05 g / cm³ to 0.89 g / cm³, corresponding to the density difference between the aqueous phase and a certain organic phase), or when the liquid phase change sensing element directly identifies a change in the liquid phase layer it is facing (e.g., switching from the aqueous phase to the organic phase), the control module will automatically time t. This time t is equal to the time taken for all the liquid below the liquid height detected by the current density sensing element 2 or the liquid phase change sensing element to flow out of the drain port. After calculation, after t seconds, the control module triggers the drive mechanism to rotate the gate 7 to the normal position, achieving precise liquid cut-off and avoiding mixing of different liquid phase layers when draining the liquid. The value of t is mainly based on the installation height of the density sensing element 2 or the liquid phase change sensing element, or the depth of the liquid directly in front of it. Assuming that the liquid surface detected by the density sensing element 2 or the liquid phase change sensing element is infinitely close to the bottom of the cup, the gate 7 can be driven to rotate immediately, that is, t=0 at this time. However, in actual manufacturing, considering the size of the equipment components and the feasibility of the installation structure, the above installation position may not be available. Therefore, when the liquid phase change at the corresponding position is detected, that is, when the liquid has dropped to the corresponding height during the drainage process, it means that there is still a certain liquid phase below the liquid surface targeted by the density sensing element 2 submerged in the liquid or the liquid phase change sensing element located on the side wall of the cup that has not been completely drained. Therefore, it takes time t before the gate 7 can be used to close the drain hole 101 to prevent the two liquid phases from mixing and flowing into a liquid phase bottle 10. In addition, t also needs to be calculated based on the size of the drain hole 101 to determine the most accurate value of t. Based on existing technology, for the measurement of flow rate, for example, the t-value can be dynamically adjusted in real time by adding a flow rate detection module. For example, a flow rate sensor can be installed at a certain position near the bottom inside the dispensing cup 1, and the signal line is also led out from the suspension rod 3. The flow rate sensor is connected to the control module to detect the flow rate v of the corresponding liquid phase in real time. When the density sensing element 2 detects a sudden change in density, or the liquid phase change sensing element identifies a change in the liquid phase layer, the control module immediately obtains the current instantaneous flow rate v detected by the flow rate sensor, and calculates the t-value in real time by combining the installation height h of the density sensing element 2 or the liquid phase change sensing element (i.e., the vertical distance between the detection position and the drain port). The calculation formula is t=h*S / v (where S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the dispensing cup 1, which is an inherent parameter of the device and is pre-entered into the control module). In addition, flow rate can also be used as a routine test. For the extraction of the same project, t can be intuitively obtained based on several tests. For example, in several experiments, it is determined that a certain volume of liquid phase flows out at time T. This flow rate can be calculated simply and effectively. The average value of multiple tests can further refine the flow rate.

[0025] In this embodiment, in addition to using a conventional density meter, the density sensing element 2 has a specific structure defined for ease of installation and use: As shown in the figure, the density sensing element 2 includes a stainless steel suspension rod 3 vertically fixed to the inner wall of the dispensing cup 1. The rod is hollow inside to allow for centralized introduction of data cables, and the detection depth of the density sensing element 2 can be changed by altering the length of the suspension rod 3. More specifically, the top of the suspension rod 3 is fixedly connected to the top of the dispensing cup 1 via a flange, and the bottom extends to a position set from the bottom of the cup. At the bottom of the suspension rod 3, a pressure sensor 201, a lightweight spring 202, and a sliding float 203 are sequentially fixedly connected from top to bottom. As for the sliding float cover 203, it can be made of engineering plastic. Its top sliding part 20301 is a cylindrical structure with an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the bottom cavity of the suspension rod 3. The sliding part 20301 is axially slidably installed in the bottom cavity of the suspension rod 3 and can slide up and down along the axis of the suspension rod 3. The bottom cover 20302 of the sliding float cover 203 is a disc-shaped structure and is completely submerged in the liquid to be tested. After the corresponding extractant is injected into the separatory cup 1 and mixed to achieve the final liquid phase separation, liquid phases of different densities or colors will generally appear. The buoyancy of the cover 20302 will vary. The higher the density of the liquid, the greater the buoyancy, which will push the sliding float cover 203 upward, thereby compressing the light spring 202. The light spring 202 will generate different pressures on the pressure sensor 201. The pressure sensor 201 will convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmit it to the control module. The control module will calculate the current density of the liquid based on the change in pressure value, thereby realizing real-time detection of the liquid phase density. For example, when detecting the aqueous phase (density 1.0 g / cm³), the buoyancy pushes the sliding float 203 upward by 5 mm, and the spring generates a pressure of 2.5 N; when detecting the organic phase (density 0.9 g / cm³), the buoyancy decreases, the sliding float 203 moves downward by 2 mm, and the spring generates a pressure of 1.5 N. The pressure difference is obvious, and the detection accuracy is high. In this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, a cuboid guide block 206 is fixed to one side of the sliding part 20301 at the top of the sliding cover 203 by screws, or the guide block 206 is integrally machined. Correspondingly, a vertical guide groove matching the guide block 206 is provided on the side wall of the inner cavity at the bottom end of the suspension rod 3. The guide block 206 slides into the guide groove and can slide vertically along the guide groove. Through the cooperation between the guide block 206 and the guide groove, the rotation of the sliding cover 203 can be effectively restricted, ensuring that the sliding cover 203 can only move up and down along the axis of the suspension rod 3, and avoiding inaccurate buoyancy detection due to the rotation of the sliding cover 203. In this embodiment, when the guide block 206 is at its lower limit position and the cover 20302 of the sliding float cover 203 is not submerged in the liquid, the light spring 202 is in a free state and does not deform, and the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 201 is close to 0. When liquid is injected into the dispensing cup 1, the cover 20302 is submerged in the liquid, generating buoyancy that pushes the sliding float cover 203 upward, the guide block 206 slides upward along the guide groove, the light spring 202 is compressed, and the pressure sensor 201 begins to detect the pressure signal. In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the pressure sensor 201 adopts a ring structure and can be fixed to the top of the inner cavity at the bottom of the suspension rod 3 by means of adhesive or other methods. Inside the pressure sensor 201, a cylindrical core 204 is coaxially arranged. The cylindrical core 204 is made of stainless steel. The top end of the cylindrical core 204 is fixed to the top wall of the inner cavity of the suspension rod 3, and the bottom end extends downwards but preferably does not contact the lightweight spring 202. The gap between the two can be designed to be 5mm to avoid interference from the cylindrical core 204 on the deformation of the spring. At the bottom end of the cylindrical core 204, a core column 205 is coaxially fixed. A sliding float 203 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the core column 205 using a dynamic sealing method. The sealing element uses a corrosion-resistant silicone sealing ring 6 to ensure that liquid does not enter the mating gap between the core column 205 and the sliding float 203. The sliding float cover 203 has a cover body 20302 designed as a conical disc structure with a flat bottom. This structure increases the contact area between the cover body 20302 and the liquid, improving the sensitivity of buoyancy detection. Simultaneously, the conical structure reduces liquid flow resistance, facilitating full flow during drainage. When the liquid density changes, the cover body 20302 slides up and down along the core column 205 under buoyancy, causing the lightweight spring 202 to compress or extend. The pressure sensor 201 collects the pressure signal in real time, enabling accurate density detection. In this embodiment, the liquid phase change sensing element used can generally be a high-precision color sensor, such as the TCS34725 color sensor, which features high detection accuracy and fast response speed, and is suitable for identifying different colored liquid phases in medical experiments. The color sensor can be embedded in the bottom side wall of the separatory cup 1 through a waterproof mounting base (not shown in the figure). The mounting base and the inner wall of the separatory cup 1 are sealed by ultrasonic welding to ensure that the liquid does not leak. During installation, the detection end of the color sensor is flush with the cross-section at a certain depth of the separatory cup 1, and its detection direction is horizontal towards the inside of the separatory cup 1. Of course, it should avoid the density sensing element 2 as much as possible. In practice, it can be close to the detection position of the density sensing element 2, so that the changes in the liquid phase layer can be captured simultaneously. Thus, the density sensing element 2 and the liquid phase change sensing element are integrated together as the driving premise of the above-mentioned driving mechanism, rather than starting the driving mechanism in a selective manner. In the extraction operation of medical experiments, the mixture to be extracted is usually composed of liquid phases of different colors, such as the aqueous phase being colorless and transparent, and the organic phase being pale yellow. When the separatory cup 1 begins to drain, the lower liquid phase (such as the organic phase) gradually flows downwards. The color sensor detects the liquid color at its directly opposite position in real time. When the color changes from pale yellow to colorless and transparent, it indicates that the liquid phase layer has switched, meaning that the lower organic phase has been largely drained and the aqueous phase has begun to move downwards. The color sensor transmits the color change signal to the control module, which calculates time t based on this signal and then triggers the drive mechanism to achieve precise switching of the gate 7, preventing the aqueous and organic phases from mixing. like Figure 1 As shown, the liquid phase change sensing element in this embodiment includes a pair of matched light source emitters 4 and light source receivers 5. The light source emitter 4 uses a green LED light source with a wavelength of 550nm, and the light source receiver 5 uses a photodiode. Both are characterized by small size, fast response speed, and strong anti-interference ability, making them suitable for detecting the transmittance of liquids. The light source emitter 4 and the light source receiver 5 are respectively disposed opposite each other on the two side walls near the bottom of the separating cup 1, with their central axes on the same horizontal straight line and perpendicular to the axis of the separating cup 1. The light source emitter 4 continuously emits a stable light beam towards the light source receiver 5, which receives the beam after passing through the liquid in the separating cup 1. Because different liquid phases have different transmittances—for example, the transmittance of the ethanol phase commonly used in medical experiments is 95%, and that of the water phase is 98%—when the liquid phase changes, the attenuation of the light beam as it passes through the liquid differs, resulting in a significant difference in the light intensity received by the light source receiver 5. During the drainage process, as the lower liquid phase (such as the ethanol phase) is gradually drained and the upper liquid phase (such as the aqueous phase) moves to the position through which the light beam passes, the light intensity received by the light source receiver 5 will suddenly increase. At this time, the light source receiver 5 transmits the light intensity change signal to the control module. The control module recognizes the change in the liquid phase layer and then calculates time t. After t seconds, it drives the gate 7 to rotate to the normal position to achieve precise liquid cut-off and ensure the purity of the extraction and separation. In this embodiment, as Figure 1 In this embodiment, the dispensing cup 1 has an integrally formed annular enlargement on its side wall near the bottom. The outer diameter of this annular enlargement is larger than that of the main body of the dispensing cup 1. For example, the inner diameter of the annular enlargement is 3 cm larger than that of the main body of the dispensing cup 1. An annular sliding cavity is formed inside the annular enlargement, into which the edge of the gate 7 is inserted and moves. The size of the sliding cavity is precisely designed to ensure that when the gate 7 rotates at a relatively small angle between the normal position and the drain position, the edge of the gate 7 will never leave the sliding cavity. Its purpose is solely to ensure that while closing or opening the drain hole 101, the liquid can only enter the drain port from the gate hole 701, preventing liquid leakage from the gap between the gate 7 and the inner wall of the dispensing cup 1. In practice, an annular groove can be provided on the upper surface of the gate 7 near the edge, and a fluororubber sealing ring 6 can be embedded in the groove. Figure 1 Alternatively, a matching fluororubber sealing ring 6 can be embedded in the upper side wall of the sliding cavity. During the rotation of the gate 7, the sealing ring 6 on its upper surface is always in contact with the sealing ring 6 on the upper side wall of the sliding cavity, forming a double sealing structure, further improving the sealing performance and preventing liquid leakage. The bottom of the gate 7 adopts a sliding friction optimization design. At the position of the bottom of the dispensing cup 1 corresponding to the rotation path of the gate 7, an arc-shaped groove (not shown in the figure) is opened, and several stainless steel balls 8 are placed in the groove. The bottom of the gate 7 rolls in contact with the balls 8, converting sliding friction into rolling friction, greatly reducing the friction force when the gate 7 rotates, ensuring that the gate 7 can rotate flexibly, and at the same time avoiding wear between the gate 7 and the bottom of the cup due to friction, thus extending the service life of the device. In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the extraction device also includes a receiving chamber 9 located outside the bottom of the separating cup 1. The receiving chamber 9 is integrally molded from engineering plastic material and has an overall cylindrical structure. The top of the receiving chamber 9 is an open structure, facing the drain port of the separating cup 1. The inside of the receiving chamber 9 is used to put a standard specification liquid phase bottle 10 to receive the extracted liquid flowing down through the drain port. At the bottom of the receiving chamber 9, several through holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the bottom of the receiving chamber 9. These through holes are used to drain any liquid accidentally spilled from the receiving chamber 9. Below the through holes, a waste liquid tank 12 is installed. The waste liquid tank 12 is made of corrosion-resistant PP material and has an overall rectangular structure. The waste liquid tank 12 is mounted on a base 11 with a drawer-type structure, making it convenient for researchers to periodically remove the waste liquid tank 12 for cleaning. The base 11 is made of stainless steel, with a stable structure that provides stable support for the device. The receiving chamber 9 and the dispensing cup 1 can be fixed to the base 11 with bolts, or the two can be designed as a single piece to ensure the stability of the overall structure of the device and prevent the extraction effect from being affected by shaking of the device during the experiment. In this embodiment, a transfer plate 13 is also included for transferring the liquid phase bottle 10 into / out of the liquid receiving chamber 9. The transfer plate 13 may be made of stainless steel, and its surrounding edges may be rolled. Figure 1 and Figure 4 The aforementioned transfer plate 13 specifically includes a transfer disc portion 1301 and a transfer handle portion 1302. Around the transfer disc portion 1301, a plurality of locking blocks 14 are arranged in a circular array. The locking blocks 14 are made of engineering plastic material. Each locking block 14 can be connected to a radial groove of the transfer disc portion 1301 via a horizontal spring (not shown in the figure) to achieve elastic sliding installation. That is, under the action of the spring, the locking block 14 can slide radially along the transfer disc portion 1301, clamping and fixing liquid phase bottles 10 of different specifications to the center of the transfer disc portion 1301, ensuring that the liquid phase bottles 10 will not shake or tip over during transfer, and smoothly transfer from the transfer disc portion 1301 to the transfer handle portion 1302. Figure 1 Bottle transport channel 901 is shown for entry and exit. In the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 The aforementioned drive mechanism includes a miniature motor 15 mounted on the outside of the liquid receiving chamber 9. This miniature motor 15 can be a DC geared motor, which is small in size. The main shaft 21 of the miniature motor 15 extends horizontally, and a first drive gear 16 and a second drive gear 17 are fixed on the main shaft 21 by a flat key. The number of teeth of the first drive gear 16 is much larger than that of the second drive gear 17, the purpose of which is to make the rotation angle of the transfer plate 13 much larger than that of the gate plate 7. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the transfer plate 13 can transfer the liquid phase bottle 10 by rotating 90 degrees, while the gate 7 only needs 20 degrees to achieve the overlap or offset between the gate hole 701 and the drain hole 101. Specifically, the first driving gear 16 meshes with the driven gear 28 fixed on the hinge shaft of the transfer plate 13 through a set of reduction gear assembly 20. That is, the hinge shaft at this time is actually the gear shaft of the driven gear 28, so that the rotation of the gate 7 is achieved by the rotation of the driven gear 28. In specific practice, as... Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown, the reduction gear assembly 20 includes several meshing reduction gears. At the same time, the aforementioned second driving gear 17 meshes with an internal gear ring 18 rotatably mounted in the side wall of the dispensing cup 1. The number of teeth of the internal gear ring 18 is much larger than that of the second driving gear 17. The purpose is to achieve a sufficient reduction ratio so that the gate 7 does not rotate too much, resulting in an excessively large diameter of the bottom side wall of the dispensing cup 1. In addition, in order to determine whether the gate hole 701 overlaps with the drain hole 101, it is not necessary to design an excessively large rotation angle. In order to drive the gate 7, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, a contact rod 19 is vertically fixed on one side of the bottom end of the internal gear ring 18. The contact rod 19 is made of stainless steel, while the main shaft 21 of the micro motor 15 is as follows. Figure 3 , Figure 5 The gate handle 703, which rotates through the gate 7 as shown, essentially acts as the hinge pin of the gate 7, allowing the gate 7 to rotate around it. Furthermore, a torsion spring 22 can be coaxially mounted on the main shaft 21 below the gate handle 703. One end of the torsion spring 22 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the gate 7, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the groove in the dispensing cup 1, thus confining the gate 7 to its normal position. When the micro motor 15 starts rotating, on the one hand, the internal gear ring 18 rotates accordingly, driving the contact rod 19 to rotate synchronously. The contact rod 19 pushes the gate handle 703 to rotate around the main shaft 21, overcoming the elastic force of the torsion spring 22, causing the gate 7 to rotate to the discharge position. On the other hand, the first driving gear 16 drives the driven gear 28 to rotate through the reduction gear assembly 20, thereby driving the transfer plate 13 to rotate, transferring the liquid phase bottle 10 clamped and fixed in the center of the transfer disc 1301 to the receiving chamber 9, precisely aligning it with the discharge port to achieve the liquid receiving operation. In this embodiment, as Figure 6 As shown, an elastic rod 23 is axially fixed at the bottom of the liquid phase bottle 10. Specifically, it can be achieved by connecting two coaxially inserted pipes through a spring. The elastic rod 23 is made of stainless steel. A butterfly-shaped cover is fixed at the top of the elastic rod 23. The butterfly-shaped cover has a symmetrical structure. Its center is a raised, smooth, and wear-resistant spherical shell 24. A conical shell 25 is provided around the spherical shell 24. The bottom diameter of the conical shell 25 matches the diameter of the bottle mouth of the liquid phase bottle 10 so that the bottle mouth can be sealed. Under normal conditions, the elastic rod 23 is in its naturally extended state. Its elastic force pushes the butterfly-shaped cover upward, causing the bottom of the conical shell 25 to fit tightly against the mouth of the liquid phase bottle 10, sealing the mouth of the liquid phase bottle 10 and preventing external dust and impurities from entering the liquid phase bottle 10, ensuring the cleanliness of the liquid phase bottle 10 and avoiding affecting the extraction experiment results. Inside the bottom port of the drain hole 101 of the separatory cup 1, a steel ball 26 is fixed by an L-shaped lever 27. The lever 27 is made of stainless steel, and the center of the steel ball 26 coincides with the axis of the drain hole 101. When the transfer plate 13 transfers the liquid phase bottle 10 into the receiving chamber 9, as the transfer plate 13 continues to move, the spherical shell 24 in the center of the butterfly-shaped cover comes into contact with the steel ball 26 in the drain hole 101. The steel ball 26 exerts downward pressure on the spherical shell 24, pushing the butterfly cover downward and compressing the elastic rod 23, causing the conical shell 25 to separate from the bottle mouth of the liquid phase bottle 10, and the bottle mouth is opened. When the movement reaches a point where the bottle mouth of the liquid phase bottle 10 is directly opposite the drain hole 101, as... Figure 6 As shown, the bottle opening is fully open, allowing the liquid in the drain hole 101 to flow smoothly into the liquid phase bottle 10. After extraction, the transfer plate 13 moves the liquid phase bottle 10 downwards and out of the receiving chamber 9. The spherical shell 24 disengages from the steel ball 26, the elastic rod 23 returns to its natural extension state, and the butterfly cover closes the bottle opening again, achieving automatic sealing of the liquid phase bottle 10 and preventing contamination from the outside environment during transport. Even if no testing personnel are present to remove the liquid phase bottle 10 in time, the sample inside the liquid phase bottle 10 will not be contaminated. After the operator returns, a new liquid phase bottle 10 is replaced and placed on the transfer plate 13. The micro motor 15 is manually activated to allow the empty bottle to enter the receiving chamber, triggering the continued draining process. The operation is very convenient and highly automated, eliminating the need to spend a lot of time near the extraction device. This provides a basis for unattended operation to a certain extent and improves the convenience of experimental operations.

[0026] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Furthermore, terms such as "identical" do not imply that components must be absolutely identical; minor differences are permissible. The term "perpendicular" simply means that the positional relationship between components is more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular; a slight tilt is acceptable.

[0028] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extraction apparatus for medical experiments, comprising a separatory cup (1) for extraction, the separatory cup (1) having a drain port at its bottom, characterized in that: A density sensing element (2) is provided at the bottom of the separatory cup (1). The density sensing element (2) is used to detect the density of the liquid at the bottom of the cup. The separatory cup (1) is also equipped with a liquid phase change sensing element on the side wall near the bottom. The liquid phase change sensing element is used to identify different liquid phase layers. It also includes a gate (7) located at the bottom of the dispensing cup (1). One side of the gate (7) is hinged to the side wall of the dispensing cup (1) and a gate hole (701) is provided in the center. The gate (7) can be rotated to the normal position and the drain position by the drive mechanism. When the gate (7) is in the normal position, the gate hole (701) and the drain hole (101) are offset from each other. When the gate (7) is rotated to the drain position, the gate hole (701) and the drain hole (101) are aligned so that the corresponding liquid phase is discharged from the drain hole (101). When the density sensing element (2) detects a change in density, or when the liquid phase change sensing element identifies a change in the liquid phase layer it faces, the driving mechanism drives the gate (7) to rotate to the normal position after t seconds. The time t is equal to the time taken for all the liquid below the liquid height detected by the density sensing element (2) or the liquid phase change sensing element to flow out of the drain hole (101).

2. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density sensing element (2) includes a suspension rod (3) vertically fixed inside the dispensing cup (1). The bottom end of the suspension rod (3) is provided with a pressure sensor (201), a light spring (202), and a sliding float (203) connected sequentially from top to bottom. The sliding part (20301) at the top of the sliding float (203) is axially slidably installed inside the bottom end of the suspension rod (3). The bottom cover (20302) is submerged in the liquid so that it can withstand different buoyancy in different density liquid phases and generate different pressures on the pressure sensor (201).

3. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: A guide block (206) is fixed on one side of the sliding part (20301). The guide block (206) is vertically slidably installed in the side wall at the bottom end of the suspension rod (3). When the guide block (206) is in the lower limit position and the cover (20302) is not submerged in the liquid, the lightweight spring (202) is in a free state.

4. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (201) is annular, with a cylindrical core (204) coaxially fixed inside the suspension rod (3) on its inner side. The bottom end of the cylindrical core (204) does not contact the lightweight spring (202), and a core column (205) is coaxially fixed at the bottom end of the cylindrical core (204). The sliding floating cover (203) is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the core column (205) in a dynamic sealing fit. The cover (20302) is a conical disc structure, and the bottom of the cover (20302) is flat.

5. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid phase change sensing element is a color sensor. The color sensor is installed on the bottom side of the dispensing cup (1) to identify the different colors of liquid phases it faces, so as to determine the liquid phase movement when the dispensing cup (1) is draining liquid.

6. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid phase change sensing element includes a light source emitter (4) and a light source receiver (5), which are respectively arranged opposite each other in the two side walls near the bottom of the liquid separator (1). When the liquid phase changes between the two, the light intensity received by the light source receiver (5) is different, so as to sense whether there is a change in the liquid phase it is facing.

7. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the dispensing cup (1) near the bottom has an annular expansion portion, and the annular expansion portion has a sliding cavity for the edge of the gate (7) to move. The size of the sliding cavity must be such that the edge of the gate (7) never leaves the sliding cavity, so as to ensure that the liquid can only enter the drain hole (101) from the gate hole (701). The upper surface of the gate (7) is always in contact with a sealing ring (6) near the edge. The sealing ring (6) is embedded in the upper side wall of the sliding cavity. The bottom of the gate (7) is in rolling contact with the bottom of the dispensing cup (1) through a number of balls (8) arranged along its rotation path.

8. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid receiving chamber (9) located outside the bottom of the dispensing cup (1), into which a liquid phase bottle (10) is placed to receive the liquid flowing down through the drain hole (101); the bottom of the liquid receiving chamber (9) has several through holes, and below the through holes is a waste liquid tank (12) mounted on a base (11) in a drawer-type structure, the base (11) for mounting the integrally formed liquid receiving chamber (9) and dispensing cup (1).

9. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a transfer plate (13) for transferring the liquid phase bottle (10) into / out of the liquid receiving chamber (9). The transfer plate (13) includes a transfer disc part (1301) and a transfer handle part (1302). The gate (7) includes a disc gate (702) and a gate handle (703). The transfer disc part (1301) is provided with a ring array of locking blocks (14) that slide radially around it. The locking blocks (14) can clamp and fix the liquid phase bottle (10) in the center of the transfer disc part (1301). The drive mechanism includes a micro motor (15) mounted on the outside of the receiving chamber (9). The main shaft (21) of the micro motor (15) is fixed with a first drive gear (16) and a second drive gear (17). The first drive gear (16) meshes with a driven gear (28) fixed on the hinge shaft of the transfer plate (13) through a reduction gear assembly (20). The second drive gear (17) meshes with an internal gear ring (18) rotatably mounted in the side wall of the dispensing cup (1). A contact rod (19) is vertically fixed on one side of the bottom end of the internal gear ring (18), and the main shaft (21) rotatably passes through the gate handle (703). The main shaft (21) serves as the hinge post of the gate (7). A torsion spring (22) is coaxially mounted on the main shaft (21) below the gate handle (703). One end of the torsion spring (22) is connected to the ground of the gate (7), and the other end is connected to the bottom of the groove in the dispensing cup (1) to restrict the gate (7) to the normal position. When the micro motor (15) rotates, on the one hand, the gate handle (703) is pushed by the contact rod (19) to rotate the gate (7) to the drain position. On the other hand, the transfer plate (13) transfers the liquid phase bottle (10) to the receiving chamber (9) to align with the drain hole (101).

10. The extraction apparatus for medical experiments according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom of the liquid phase bottle (10) is vertically installed with an elastic rod (23), and the top of the elastic rod (23) is fixed with a butterfly-shaped cover. The center of the butterfly-shaped cover is a raised spherical shell (24), and its four sides are surrounded by a conical shell (25). Under normal conditions, the elastic rod causes the butterfly-shaped cover to seal the bottle mouth of the liquid phase bottle (10). A steel ball (26) is fixed inside the bottom port of the drain hole (101) by an L-shaped lever (27). When the liquid phase bottle (10) is transferred to the receiving chamber (9), the spherical shell (24) is pressed down by the steel ball (26) and the bottle mouth is opened.

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