Straw granulator and straw granulation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw granulator and a straw granulation method, and belongs to the technical field of straw processing.The straw granulator comprises a processing box, a first feeding port is formed in the top of the processing box, the first feeding port communicates with a stirring box, the stirring box is located in the processing box, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the stirring box, and a first discharging port is formed in the bottom of the stirring box; the bottom of the first discharge port is communicated with a granulation barrel, the top of the granulation barrel is provided with an extrusion mechanism, the bottom of the granulation barrel is provided with a cutting mechanism, a material guide mechanism is arranged below the granulation barrel, the top of one side of the processing box is provided with a second discharge port, and the material guide mechanism is communicated with the second discharge port. According to the invention, totally-closed continuous production from raw materials to finished products is realized, intermediate transfer links are reduced, the stirring box and the granulation barrel are vertically arranged up and down, the gravity is utilized to assist blanking, feeding blockage is avoided, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of straw processing, and particularly relates to a straw granulator and a straw granulation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The straw forage granulator is used for processing plant fiber materials such as straw and forage into granular feed or biomass particles. The purpose of granulation generally includes improving the storage, transportation convenience and feed utilization rate of the feed, and can reduce the waste disposal problem. Nowadays, it is generally required to crush the straw forage in advance, and guide the crushed straw forage into the mold inside the granulator, so that the straw forage is completed granulation under the action of extrusion.

[0003] However, the common granulator is prone to cause blockage in the plasticizing hole of the mold during the process of extrusion granulation and plasticizing, which affects the granulation and discharging, and reduces the processing efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a straw granulator and a straw granulation method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: the present application provides a straw granulator, which comprises a processing box, a first feeding port is arranged at the top of the processing box, a stirring box is communicated with the first feeding port, the stirring box is located in the processing box, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the stirring box, a first discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the stirring box, a granulation barrel is communicated with the bottom of the first discharging port, an extrusion mechanism is arranged at the top of the granulation barrel, a cutting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the granulation barrel, a material guiding mechanism is arranged below the granulation barrel, a second discharging port is arranged at the top of one side of the processing box, and the material guiding mechanism is communicated with the second discharging port.

[0006] Optionally, first connecting rods are symmetrically fixed to the two sides of the granulation barrel, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the granulation barrel, the first connecting rods are fixed to the inner wall of the processing box, the extrusion mechanism comprises a hydraulic telescopic rod fixed to the bottom surface of the stirring box, an output shaft of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixed with an extrusion plate, and the extrusion plate is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the granulation barrel in working.

[0007] Optionally, the cutting mechanism comprises a first connecting seat fixed to the inner wall of the processing box, the first connecting seat is located below the granulation barrel, second connecting rods are symmetrically fixed to the two sides of the first connecting seat, a scraper is in sliding connection with the second connecting rods, the scraper is in abutment with the bottom surface of the granulation barrel, the scraper is drivingly connected with a first driving part, and the first driving part is fixed to the first connecting seat.

[0008] Optionally, the first driving part comprises a first motor fixedly connected with the first connecting seat, an output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected with a first lead screw, and the first lead screw is threadedly connected with the scraper.

[0009] Optionally, the material guiding mechanism comprises a first material guiding plate rotationally connected with the second discharge port, the first material guiding plate is located below the granulating barrel, a second driving part is arranged below the first material guiding plate, and the second driving part is in transmission connection with the first connecting seat.

[0010] Optionally, the second driving part comprises a second motor fixedly connected with a top surface of the first connecting seat, an output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected with a first connecting shaft, the first connecting shaft penetrates through the first connecting seat, a first bevel gear is fixedly connected with a bottom of the first connecting shaft, a second connecting seat is fixedly connected with an inner bottom surface of the processing box, a second connecting shaft is rotationally connected in the second connecting seat, a second bevel gear is fixedly connected with one end of the second connecting shaft close to the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear is in meshing connection with the first bevel gear, and a cam is fixedly connected with one end of the second connecting shaft away from the second bevel gear, and the cam is in abutment with a bottom surface of the first material guiding plate.

[0011] Optionally, the stirring mechanism comprises a third motor fixedly connected with a top surface of the stirring box, an output shaft of the third motor extends into the stirring box and is fixedly connected with a stirring shaft, and a plurality of stirring rods are fixedly connected with the stirring shaft at equal intervals.

[0012] Optionally, a second material inlet is arranged on one side of the top surface of the stirring box close to the first material inlet, a second material guiding plate is fixedly connected between the first material inlet and the second material inlet, and a baffle is fixedly connected with one side of the second material inlet away from the second material guiding plate.

[0013] Optionally, a third material guiding plate is arranged on a bottom surface of the stirring box, and a bottom of the third material guiding plate is located above the granulating barrel.

[0014] A straw granulating method comprises the following steps: S1, straw feeding, the crushed straw is fed into the stirring box through the first material inlet for stirring; S2, straw stirring, the straw is stirred with other mixtures; S3, straw granulating, the mixed material is fed into the granulating barrel for granulating; S4, material collecting, the granulated material is discharged from the second discharge port through the material guiding mechanism.

[0015] The present application discloses the following technical effects: the crushed straw is poured into the stirring box from the first feeding port at the top of the processing box, the stirring box stirs the material in the processing box, breaks the clumps, and mixes uniformly, the stirred material flows into the granulating barrel below through the first discharging port at the bottom of the stirring box, the extrusion mechanism at the top of the granulating barrel applies vertical pressure to extrude the material from the bottom of the granulating barrel into strips, the cutting mechanism at the bottom of the granulating barrel runs synchronously with the extrusion action to cut the long strip-shaped particles into uniform lengths, and the cut particles fall into the material guiding mechanism and are guided to the second discharging port at the top of one side of the processing box for discharge. The present application realizes the fully-closed continuous production from raw materials to finished products, reduces the intermediate transfer link, vertically arranges the stirring box and the granulating barrel, utilizes the gravity to assist the discharging, avoids the feeding blockage, and improves the production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide further understanding of the application, the embodiments of the application and the description thereof are used to explain the application, and do not constitute improper limitations on the application. In the drawings: Fig. 1 It is an external structure schematic view of the straw granulator of the present application; Fig. 2 It is an internal structure schematic view of the straw granulator of the present application; Fig. 3 It is an internal front view of the straw granulator of the present application.

[0017] Reference signs: 1, processing box; 2, first feeding port; 3, stirring box; 4, first discharging port; 5, granulating barrel; 6, second discharging port; 7, first connecting rod; 8, through hole; 9, hydraulic telescopic rod; 10, extrusion plate; 11, first connecting seat; 12, second connecting rod; 13, scraper; 14, first motor; 15, first lead screw; 16, first material guiding plate; 17, second motor; 18, first connecting shaft; 19, first bevel gear; 20, second connecting seat; 21, second connecting shaft; 22, second bevel gear; 23, cam; 24, third motor; 25, stirring shaft; 26, stirring rod; 27, second feeding port; 28, second material guiding plate; 29, baffle; 30, feeding pipe; 31, third material guiding plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Most granulators employ a simple "one motor drives the entire system" model. The main shaft bears the heavy load of crushing, handles the high-pressure extrusion of granulation, and drives the conveyor belt and fan. This "one-size-fits-all" power distribution prevents individual working units from independently adjusting their speed or torque according to the actual load. When the material hardness fluctuates, the entire system can only passively bear the load, lacking adaptive capability. Existing transmission systems are mostly direct belt or gear connections, lacking flexible connections with overload protection. Once a hard object jams the machine, gears often break or bearings break, resulting in extremely high repair costs.

[0019] Most existing technologies rely on cylindrical or simple conical contact. This line contact or limited surface contact cannot generate sufficient shear force and compressive pressure gradient during pressing. If the cell walls of straw cannot be instantly "exploded" and reorganized under high pressure, firm particles cannot be formed. Existing pressure rollers often have smooth or simple textured surfaces, lacking microscopic gripping structures targeting the direction of straw fibers. This causes the material to slip and spin between the roller and the die, converting a large amount of energy into useless frictional heat rather than forming work. This is the fundamental reason why existing machines are often extremely noisy and overheated, yet still fail to produce high-hardness particles.

[0020] The moisture content of straw is an extremely sensitive variable. Most existing equipment relies on manual experience or simple offline testing, lacking real-time online feedback and adjustment. If the raw material is too dry, the pellets are loose and brittle; if it is too wet, they stick to the mold, clog the machine, and may even cause the entire machine to malfunction. Existing drying systems are often large, independent pieces of equipment separate from the pellet mill. They not only occupy a large area but also have extremely low thermal efficiency, with a large amount of waste heat being directly discharged, resulting in significant energy waste. Furthermore, no machine can achieve the intelligent coupling of "frictional heat generation" and "external supplementary heating," utilizing the waste heat generated during pelleting to preheat the material and achieve cascaded energy utilization.

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figs. 1 to 3As shown, this embodiment provides a straw pelletizer, including a processing box 1. The top of the processing box 1 is provided with a first feed inlet 2, which is connected to a mixing box 3. The mixing box 3 is located inside the processing box 1 and is provided with a mixing mechanism. The bottom of the mixing box 3 is provided with a first discharge outlet 4, which is connected to a pelletizing barrel 5. The top of the pelletizing barrel 5 is provided with an extrusion mechanism, the bottom of the pelletizing barrel 5 is provided with a cutting mechanism, and the bottom of the pelletizing barrel 5 is provided with a guiding mechanism. The top of one side of the processing box 1 is provided with a second discharge outlet 6, which is connected to the guiding mechanism.

[0024] The crushed straw is fed into the mixing tank 3 through the first feed inlet 2 at the top of the processing box 1. The mixing tank 3 agitates the material within the processing box 1, breaking up clumps and ensuring uniform mixing. The agitated material then flows into the granulation tank 5 below through the first discharge outlet 4 at the bottom of the mixing tank 3. A vertical pressure is applied by the extrusion mechanism at the top of the granulation tank 5, extruding the material into strips from the bottom. A cutting mechanism at the bottom of the granulation tank 5 operates synchronously with the extrusion action, cutting the strips into uniform lengths. The cut particles fall into a guiding mechanism, which guides them to the second discharge outlet 6 at the top of one side of the processing box 1 for discharge. This invention achieves fully enclosed continuous production from raw materials to finished products, reducing intermediate transfer links and improving production efficiency. The vertical arrangement of the mixing tank 3 and the granulation tank 5 utilizes gravity-assisted feeding, preventing feed blockage.

[0025] Further optimization of the scheme: first connecting rods 7 are symmetrically fixed to both sides of the granulation barrel 5, and multiple through holes 8 are provided on the bottom surface of the granulation barrel 5. The first connecting rods 7 are fixed to the inner wall of the processing box 1. The extrusion mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod 9 fixed to the bottom surface of the mixing box 3. The output shaft of the hydraulic telescopic rod 9 is fixed to an extrusion plate 10. The extrusion plate 10 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the granulation barrel 5 during operation.

[0026] The granulation barrel 5 is suspended and fixed to the inner wall of the processing box 1 by the first connecting rods 7 on both sides, with the bottom surface suspended for easy material discharge. The hydraulic telescopic rod 9 is fixed to the bottom surface of the mixing box 3, and its output shaft pushes the extrusion plate 10 to slide downward on the inner wall of the granulation barrel 5. Under the pressure of the pressure plate, the material is extruded through multiple through holes 8 on the bottom surface of the granulation barrel 5. The through holes 8 not only serve as discharge ports but also expel air from the gaps between materials during the extrusion process. The bottom surface of the granulation barrel 5 is covered with through holes 8, realizing "surface extrusion" rather than the traditional "die-line extrusion", which greatly improves the single-batch output rate and facilitates the discharge of air during the extrusion process, reducing the porosity inside the particles and improving the calorific value.

[0027] The scheme is further optimized. The cutting mechanism includes a first connecting seat 11 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box 1. The first connecting seat 11 is located below the granulation barrel 5. Second connecting rods 12 are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the first connecting seat 11. A scraper 13 is slidably connected to the second connecting rod 12. The scraper 13 abuts against the bottom surface of the granulation barrel 5. The scraper 13 is drivenly connected to a first driving part. The first driving part is fixedly connected to the first connecting seat 11.

[0028] In a further optimized design, the first drive unit includes a first motor 14 fixedly connected to the first connecting seat 11, and the output shaft of the first motor 14 is fixedly connected to a first lead screw 15, which is threadedly connected to the scraper 13.

[0029] The scraper 13 is suspended from the first connecting seat 11 by the second connecting rods 12 on both sides, allowing it to slide horizontally with its bottom surface in close contact with the bottom surface of the granulation barrel 5. The first motor 14 starts, driving the first lead screw 15 to rotate. Because the scraper 13 is threadedly connected to the lead screw, the rotational motion of the lead screw is converted into the linear reciprocating motion of the scraper 13. The scraper 13, in close contact with the bottom surface of the granulation barrel 5, not only cuts the straw but also prevents the straw fibers from tangling in the die holes, solving the "die clogging" problem of traditional granulators. By controlling the speed of the first motor 14 and the pitch of the lead screw, the reciprocating speed of the scraper 13 can be precisely adjusted, thereby controlling the length of the pellets. Different specifications of pellets can be produced without changing the cutting tools.

[0030] The design is further optimized so that the material guiding mechanism includes a first material guiding plate 16 rotatably connected to the second discharge port 6. The first material guiding plate 16 is located below the granulation barrel 5. A second driving part is provided below the first material guiding plate 16. The second driving part is connected to the first connecting seat 11 in a transmission manner.

[0031] In a further optimized design, the second drive unit includes a second motor 17 fixedly connected to the top surface of the first connecting seat 11. The output shaft of the second motor 17 is fixedly connected to a first connecting shaft 18, which passes through the first connecting seat 11. A first bevel gear 19 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first connecting shaft 18. A second connecting seat 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the processing box 1. A second connecting shaft 21 is rotatably connected inside the second connecting seat 20. A second bevel gear 22 is fixedly connected to the end of the second connecting shaft 21 near the first bevel gear 19, and the second bevel gear 22 meshes with the first bevel gear 19. A cam 23 is fixedly connected to the end of the second connecting shaft 21 away from the second bevel gear 22, and the cam 23 abuts against the bottom surface of the first guide plate 16.

[0032] The second motor 17 starts, driving the first bevel gear 19 to rotate via the first connecting shaft 18. The first bevel gear 19 meshes with the second bevel gear 22, transmitting the vertical rotational motion into horizontal rotation, which in turn drives the second connecting shaft 21 to rotate. The cam 23 at the end of the second connecting shaft 21 rotates, periodically lifting the bottom surface of the first guide plate 16 and then lowering it. The first guide plate 16 generates high-frequency micro-vibration, accelerating the sliding of particles on it towards the second discharge port 6, preventing blockage at the second discharge port 6. The vibration of the cam 23 mechanism effectively breaks the "bridging" phenomenon of the material, ensuring smooth discharge without the need for manual tapping.

[0033] The scheme is further optimized. The stirring mechanism includes a third motor 24 fixed to the top surface of the stirring tank 3. The output shaft of the third motor 24 extends into the stirring tank 3 and is fixed to a stirring shaft 25. Multiple stirring rods 26 are fixed to the stirring shaft 25 at equal intervals.

[0034] The motor drives the stirring shaft 25 to rotate at high speed, and multiple stirring rods 26 on the shaft turn, shear, and mix the straw that falls into the mixing tank 3. Before entering the granulation tank 5, the mechanical force of the stirring rods 26 is used to initially break down the straw fibers, making them easier to shape.

[0035] To further optimize the design, a second feed inlet 27 is provided on the top surface of the mixing tank 3 near the first feed inlet 2. A second guide plate 28 is fixed between the first feed inlet 2 and the second feed inlet 27. A baffle 29 is fixed on the side of the second feed inlet 27 away from the second guide plate 28.

[0036] To further optimize the design, a feed pipe 30 is connected to the top surface of the mixing tank 3 on the side away from the second feed inlet 27, and the feed pipe 30 extends to the outside of the processing tank 1.

[0037] To further optimize the design, a third guide plate 31 is provided on the bottom surface of the mixing tank 3, and the bottom of the third guide plate 31 is located above the granulation tank 5.

[0038] Straw enters through the first feed inlet 2, falls onto the inclined second guide plate 28, and slides towards the second feed inlet 27 on the top surface of the mixing tank 3. A baffle 29 prevents material from splashing out of the second feed inlet 27 during mixing. When binders or other additives need to be added, they are directly injected into the top of the mixing tank 3 through the extended feed pipe 30. The second guide plate 28 extends the feeding path, acting as a buffer and decelerator to prevent large pieces of straw from directly impacting and causing blockages.

[0039] A method for granulating straw includes the following steps: S1. Straw feeding: The crushed straw is fed into the mixing box 3 through the first feed port 2 for mixing. S2. Straw mixing: Mixing straw with other mixtures; S3. Straw granulation: The mixed material enters the granulation tank 5 for granulation. S4. Material collection: The granulated material is discharged from the second discharge port 6 through the material guiding mechanism.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0041] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw pelletizing machine, characterized in that: The equipment includes a processing box (1), a first feed inlet (2) at the top of the processing box (1), a mixing box (3) connected to the first feed inlet (2), the mixing box (3) located inside the processing box (1), a mixing mechanism inside the mixing box (3), a first discharge port (4) at the bottom of the mixing box (3), a granulation barrel (5) connected to the bottom of the first discharge port (4), an extrusion mechanism at the top of the granulation barrel (5), a cutting mechanism at the bottom of the granulation barrel (5), a guiding mechanism below the granulation barrel (5), and a second discharge port (6) at the top of one side of the processing box (1), the guiding mechanism being connected to the second discharge port (6).

2. The straw pelletizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The granulation barrel (5) is symmetrically fixed with first connecting rods (7) on both sides. The bottom surface of the granulation barrel (5) is provided with multiple through holes (8). The first connecting rods (7) are fixed to the inner wall of the processing box (1). The extrusion mechanism includes a hydraulic telescopic rod (9) fixed to the bottom surface of the mixing box (3). The output shaft of the hydraulic telescopic rod (9) is fixed to an extrusion plate (10). The extrusion plate (10) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the granulation barrel (5) during operation.

3. The straw pelletizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism includes a first connecting seat (11) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box (1). The first connecting seat (11) is located below the granulation barrel (5). Second connecting rods (12) are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the first connecting seat (11). A scraper (13) is slidably connected to the second connecting rod (12). The scraper (13) abuts against the bottom surface of the granulation barrel (5). The scraper (13) is driven by a first driving part, which is fixedly connected to the first connecting seat (11).

4. The straw pelletizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first drive unit includes a first motor (14) fixedly connected to the first connecting seat (11), and the output shaft of the first motor (14) is fixedly connected to a first lead screw (15), which is threadedly connected to the scraper (13).

5. The straw pelletizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material guiding mechanism includes a first material guiding plate (16) rotatably connected to the second discharge port (6). The first material guiding plate (16) is located below the granulation barrel (5). A second driving part is provided below the first material guiding plate (16). The second driving part is connected to the first connecting seat (11) in a transmission manner.

6. The straw pelletizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second drive unit includes a second motor (17) fixed to the top surface of the first connecting seat (11). The output shaft of the second motor (17) is fixed to a first connecting shaft (18). The first connecting shaft (18) passes through the first connecting seat (11). A first bevel gear (19) is fixed to the bottom of the first connecting shaft (18). A second connecting seat (20) is fixed to the bottom surface of the processing box (1). A second connecting shaft (21) is rotatably connected inside the second connecting seat (20). A second bevel gear (22) is fixed to one end of the second connecting shaft (21) near the first bevel gear (19). The second bevel gear (22) meshes with the first bevel gear (19). A cam (23) is fixed to one end of the second connecting shaft (21) away from the second bevel gear (22). The cam (23) abuts against the bottom surface of the first guide plate (16).

7. The straw pelletizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism includes a third motor (24) fixed to the top surface of the stirring box (3). The output shaft of the third motor (24) extends into the stirring box (3) and is fixed to a stirring shaft (25). Multiple stirring rods (26) are fixed to the stirring shaft (25) at equal intervals.

8. The straw pelletizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the mixing tank (3) is provided with a second feed inlet (27) on the side close to the first feed inlet (2). A second guide plate (28) is fixed between the first feed inlet (2) and the second feed inlet (27). A baffle (29) is fixed on the side of the second feed inlet (27) away from the second guide plate (28).

9. The straw pelletizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the mixing tank (3) is provided with a third guide plate (31), and the bottom of the third guide plate (31) is located above the granulation tank (5).

10. A method for granulating straw, based on the straw pelletizer according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Straw feeding: The crushed straw is fed into the mixing box (3) through the first feed port (2) for mixing. S2. Straw mixing: Mixing straw with other mixtures; S3. Straw granulation: The mixed material enters the granulation tank (5) for granulation. S4. Material collection: The granulated material is discharged from the second discharge port (6) through the material guiding mechanism.

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