Gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device and method.The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device comprises a box body, the box body comprises a bottom plate, side walls and an upper cover, the upper cover is a fixed platform, a driving shaft is rotationally installed on the fixed platform, and a left side gear shaft and a right side gear shaft are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of a rotating shaft; the left gear shaft and the right gear shaft are driven by the driving mechanism to be away from or close to the driving shaft synchronously, a left electricity guiding sliding ring is installed on the left gear shaft, a right electricity guiding sliding ring is installed on the right gear shaft, a polishing electrode set is fixedly installed on the left gear shaft, and an etching electrode set is fixedly installed on the right gear shaft. The polishing electrode and the etching electrode are designed on the two sides of the gear to be machined respectively and made to move synchronously, high voltage and low voltage are conducted in turns during electrification, polishing and etching are integrated, polishing and etching are conducted synchronously, errors caused by repeated positioning can be avoided, meanwhile, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical machining of gears, in particular to a gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a core component of mechanical transmission, the gear tooth surface quality and lubrication performance directly affect the running efficiency and service life of equipment. In traditional machining, tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture machining are independent processes, and polishing often relies on mechanical grinding or manual operation, which has problems such as low efficiency, difficulty in completely removing tooth surface micro-cracks, and uneven roughness; micro-texture machining requires special equipment, and the separation of the two processes leads to a complicated production process. At the same time, multiple clamping and transportation not only increase the working hours, but also easily produce repeated positioning errors, affecting the matching degree of micro-texture distribution precision and tooth surface smoothness, and thus reducing the lubrication effect of the gear. In addition, the traditional machining also has problems of high energy consumption, poor environmental friendliness, and high equipment and production cost. The existing technology lacks an integrated solution that can organically integrate the two core processes, and it is difficult to meet the machining needs of modern manufacturing industry in terms of high efficiency, precision and low cost.

[0003] On this basis, the present application designs a machining device that integrates polishing and etching, realizes synchronous polishing and etching, avoids errors caused by repeated positioning, improves production efficiency, and thus reduces production cost. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device, which integrates polishing and etching by designing polishing and etching electrodes on both sides of the gear to be machined and making them move synchronously. When powered on, high and low voltages are applied alternately, thereby integrating polishing and etching, realizing synchronous polishing and etching, avoiding errors caused by repeated positioning, improving production efficiency, and thus reducing production cost.

[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device, comprising a box body, the box body comprising a bottom plate, side walls and an upper cover, the upper cover being a fixed platform, a driving shaft (110) for fixing and installing a gear to be machined being rotatably installed on the fixed platform, left and right gear shafts (105) and (104) being symmetrically arranged on both sides of the driving shaft, the left and right gear shafts (105) and (104) moving away from or approaching the driving shaft synchronously under the drive of a driving mechanism, a left side power lead-through slip ring (111) being installed on the left gear shaft, a right side power lead-through slip ring (112) being installed on the right gear shaft, a polishing electrode group (303) being fixedly installed on the left gear shaft, and an etching electrode group (304) being fixedly installed on the right gear shaft. When the upper cover is closed, the polishing electrode group (303), the etching electrode group (304) and the gear to be machined are located in the box body, and the driving mechanism is located outside the box body.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment based on the above-mentioned scheme, the driving mechanism comprises an electric cylinder (101) fixed to the upper cover, the linear motion output shaft of the electric cylinder is located directly below the driving shaft, the upper end of the linear motion output shaft of the electric cylinder is hinged to the left connecting rod (103) and the right connecting rod (102) through a Y-shaped joint, the upper end of the left connecting rod (103) is rotationally connected to the left gear shaft (105), and the upper end of the right connecting rod (102) is rotationally connected to the right gear shaft (104).

[0007] As a preferred embodiment based on the above-mentioned scheme, the guide rail fixing plate (108) is fixedly installed on the upper cover, the driving shaft passes through the guide rail fixing plate and rotationally cooperates with the guide rail fixing plate, two strip-shaped holes symmetrically arranged relative to the driving shaft are provided on the guide rail fixing plate, which are a left strip-shaped hole and a right strip-shaped hole, guides are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the left strip-shaped hole and the right strip-shaped hole, and the left gear shaft (105) and the right gear shaft (104) are in sliding cooperation with the guides.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment based on the above-mentioned scheme, the left gear shaft (105) and the right gear shaft (104) are in sliding cooperation with the guides through the left motion sliding block (107) and the right motion sliding block (106) respectively, and the left motion sliding block (107) and the right motion sliding block (106) are in sealing cooperation with the end plates at both ends of the corresponding guides through the organ type sealing cover (201).

[0009] As a preferred embodiment based on the above-mentioned scheme, the polishing electrode group and the etching electrode group are each composed of a metal gear blank and a 3D printing resin shell nested outside the gear blank, and the 3D printing resin shell has corresponding slots on the gear surface, and after the electrode group is installed, it is fixed on the corresponding left gear shaft (105) and right gear shaft (104) by a locking nut and a positioning pin.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment based on the above-mentioned scheme, the 3D printing resin shell of the polishing electrode group has a rectangular slot, and the 3D printing resin shell of the etching electrode group has a plurality of inclined slots.

[0011] The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining method uses the device for machining, characterized in that before the machining work starts, the electric cylinder (101) moves the left and right gear shafts outward to a safe distance, a to-be-machined gear is installed on the driving shaft and fixed by a locking nut and a positioning pin, then the driving motor (109) drives the driving shaft (110) and the to-be-machined gear (305) clamped thereon to rotate slowly, the electric cylinder (101) works, the left connecting rod (103) and the right connecting rod (102) drive the polishing electrode group (303) and the etching electrode group (304) to contract slowly inward until the working surface of the slowly rotating driving gear meshes with the cutter gear.

[0012] On the basis of the above scheme, as preferred, after the gear installation movement is completed, electrolyte is introduced through the infusion port of the box until it can overflow the gear to be processed, the polishing electrode group and the etching electrode group, and the upper cover is closed; The anode and the cathode are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of a direct current power supply, the polishing electrode group (303) and the etching electrode group (304) are connected to the left and right power supply positive poles through the left and right side electric lead rings at the top ends of the left and right gear shafts (105) and (104), serving as the workpiece anode, the driving shaft is connected to the power supply negative pole, serving as the working cathode, the anode and the cathode are connected to a pulse power supply, and a certain voltage is applied; The driving motor speed is set, at the initial stage of processing, the pulse power supply voltage rising program is started, the voltage of the left polishing electrode group supply circuit is smoothly raised from 0V to 24V at a rate of 1V / s, and the whole process lasts for about 24 seconds; the voltage rising operation is simultaneously performed on the right etching electrode group supply circuit, the voltage is slowly raised from 0V to 2V at a rate of 0.5V / s, and the whole process lasts for about 4 seconds; the voltage rising process adopts stepwise stable voltage control, and every time the voltage is raised by 2V (polishing electrode group) / 0.2V (etching electrode group), the voltage is kept stable for 3 seconds, and after the electrochemical reaction state is stable, the voltage is continuously raised, so as to avoid local over-polishing of the gear surface or abnormal electrolyte ionization caused by instantaneous high voltage; When the polishing electrode group (24V stable power supply) is used, the electrolyte ionization intensity is significantly improved under high voltage, the metal ions of the metal gear blank are quickly dissolved from the gear surface, and the micro-cracks, burrs and uneven areas remaining on the gear surface during processing are preferentially removed; under the cooperation of the predetermined gear speed, the electrolyte continuously flushes the gear surface gap, and the dissolved metal debris is timely removed, so that a uniform and dense smooth surface layer is formed on the gear surface, and the fatigue strength of the gear surface is improved; When the etching electrode group (2V low voltage power supply) is used, the weak electrochemical reaction is triggered by low voltage, on the one hand, the polishing products attached to the gear surface are cleaned through gentle ion bombardment, so as to avoid the influence of the attached debris on the polishing uniformity during polishing, and shorten the overall polishing process time by about 15%; on the other hand, the gear surface is pre-activated, so that the gear surface metal lattice is in a slightly ionized state, which lays a uniform reaction foundation for the subsequent high-voltage etching process, and reduces the probability of edge burrs and uneven depth of the etching micro-texture; Before the polishing process is completed (about the last 10% of the overall polishing time), the voltage switching program is started: the voltage of the left polishing electrode group is smoothly reduced from 24V to 2V at a rate of 2V / s, and the whole process lasts for about 11 seconds, and during the voltage reduction process, the voltage is kept stable for 2 seconds every time the voltage is reduced by 4V, so as to avoid local electrochemical reaction termination marks on the gear surface caused by sudden voltage drop; at the same time, the voltage of the right etching electrode group is raised from 2V to 24V at a rate of 2V / s, and the whole process lasts for about 11 seconds, and during the voltage rising process, the voltage is kept stable for 2 seconds every time the voltage is raised by 4V, so as to ensure that the etching electrochemical reaction intensity is gradually improved, and avoid the distortion of the micro-texture groove caused by instantaneous high pressure; Polish electrode group (2V low voltage end): the intensity of electrochemical reaction is weakened at low voltage, only fine grinding of the tooth surface is carried out, and the micro corrugation or local over-polishing area generated by the previous high voltage polishing is eliminated, so that the tooth surface roughness Ra value is finally stabilized at 0.2-0.4 mu m, and the tooth surface is passivated to improve the corrosion resistance of the tooth surface; the tooth surface can also be filled by weak ion action to further optimize the flatness of the tooth surface, and the smooth transition area of the tooth surface and the subsequent oil storage micro texture is ensured; Etching electrode group (24V high voltage etching): the metal blade of the etching electrode group is precisely machined on the pre-activated tooth surface by electrolytic scanning etching at high voltage. The inclined groove of the 3D printed resin shell of the etching electrode group guides the electrochemical reaction to occur in a specific direction, the depth of the micro texture groove can be precisely controlled at 5-20 mu m, the width is controlled at 10-30 mu m, and the groove type is inclined along the meshing direction of the tooth surface, which matches the lubricating oil flow direction during actual gear operation; at the same time, the flatness of the tooth surface has been ensured by the previous polishing process, the distribution precision error of the micro texture groove can be controlled within ±0.05 mm, the groove wall is smooth without burr, can effectively store lubricating oil, improve the lubricating effect of the gear meshing, and reduce the friction coefficient of the tooth surface by about 30%-40%; After the machining is completed, the power is turned off, the electrolyte is recovered through the liquid outlet, and then the machining gear can be taken out of the box.

[0013] The present application has the following technical effects: I. Polishing and etching process two-in-one: without splitting the processing flow, the tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro texture etching two core processes can be continuously completed by once clamping the processed gear, completely eliminating the workpiece transfer, equipment debugging and repeated positioning links in the traditional independent process, greatly improving the processing efficiency, avoiding the error caused by multiple positioning, ensuring the consistency of the smoothness of the tooth surface and the distribution precision of the micro texture, and reducing the equipment investment and the comprehensive production cost; II. Automatic meshing design: relying on the driving of the electric cylinder and the linkage control of the main shaft, the precise automatic meshing of the processed gear and the two electrode groups can be realized without manual adjustment, which not only reduces the human error and improves the accuracy and stability of clamping and positioning, but also simplifies the operation process, shortens the preparation time, adapts to the processing needs of gears of different models, and enhances the universality and operation convenience of the equipment; III. Inverted structure waterproof advantage: the inverted layout cooperates with the sealing design of the organ type sealing cover, etc., which can effectively block the leakage and splashing of the electrolyte during the processing process, avoid the corrosion or performance loss caused by the contact of the electrolyte with the equipment transmission parts (such as guide rails and gear shafts), prolong the service life of the equipment; at the same time, it reduces the waste of electrolyte, improves the recycling rate, enhances the environmental friendliness and safety of the processing process, and ensures the stable operation of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the linear motion platform of the present application Figure 1 ; Figure 2 is a perspective view of the linear motion platform of the present application Figure 2 ; Figure 3 is a perspective view of the linear motion platform Figure 4 is a front view of the linear motion platform Figure 5 is a schematic view of the linear motion platform movement and sealing Figure 6 is a schematic view of the electrode group Figure 7 is a schematic view of the electrode group and corresponding processing flow In the figure: 1-linear motion platform, 101-electric cylinder, 102-right connecting rod, 103-left connecting rod, 104-right side gear shaft, 105-left side gear shaft, 106-right motion slider, 107-left motion slider, 108-guide rail fixing plate, 109-driving motor, 110-driving shaft, 111-left side electric slip ring, 112-right side electric slip ring, 2-motion platform sealing system (guide rail fixing plate, left motion slider, right motion slider, concertina sealing cover), 201-concertina sealing cover, 3-tool system (polishing electrode group, etching electrode group), 301-polishing tooth embryo, 302-3D printed polishing resin shell, 303-polishing electrode group, 304-etching electrode group, 305-etching tooth embryo, 306-3D printed etching resin shell, 4-upper cover, 5-box body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to further understand the present application, the following embodiments are further described in detail, but not limited to the present application, it should be understood that these descriptions are only to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present application, and not to limit the claims of the present application. Any equivalent replacement in the art according to the disclosure of the present application belongs to the protection scope of the present application.

[0016] Reference Figures 1-7A gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage micro-texture synchronous machining device, including a box body, the box body includes a bottom plate, a side wall, an upper cover, the upper cover is a fixed platform, a driving shaft (110) for fixing and installing a gear to be machined is rotatably installed on the fixed platform, left gear shafts 105 and right gear shafts 104 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft, the left gear shaft 105 and the right gear shaft 104 are driven away from or close to the driving shaft under the drive of the driving mechanism, a left side power supply slip ring 111 is installed on the left gear shaft 105, a right side power supply slip ring 112 is installed on the right gear shaft 104, a polishing electrode group 303 is fixedly installed on the left gear shaft, and an etching electrode group 304 is fixedly installed on the right gear shaft, when the upper cover is closed, the polishing electrode group 303, the etching electrode group 304 and the gear to be machined are located in the box body, and the driving mechanism is located outside the box body. The driving mechanism includes an electric cylinder 101 fixed on the upper cover, the linear motion output shaft of the electric cylinder is located directly below the driving shaft, the upper end of the linear motion output shaft of the electric cylinder is connected with a left connecting rod 103 and a right connecting rod 102 through a Y-shaped joint, the upper end of the left connecting rod 103 is rotatably connected with the left gear shaft 105, and the upper end of the right connecting rod 102 is rotatably connected with the right gear shaft 104. A guide rail fixed plate 108 is fixedly installed on the upper cover, the driving shaft passes through the guide rail fixed plate and is rotatably connected with the guide rail fixed plate, two strip-shaped holes symmetrically arranged with respect to the driving shaft are arranged on the guide rail fixed plate, which are a left strip-shaped hole and a right strip-shaped hole, guide rails are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the left strip-shaped hole and the right strip-shaped hole, and the left gear shaft 105 and the right gear shaft 104 are slidably connected with the guide rails.

[0017] The left gear shaft 105 and the right gear shaft 104 are slidably connected with the guide rails through left motion sliding blocks 107 and right motion sliding blocks 106, and the left motion sliding blocks 107 and the right motion sliding blocks 106 are sealingly connected between the end plates at both ends of the corresponding guide rails through an organ type sealing cover 201. The polishing electrode group and the etching electrode group are both composed of a 3D printed resin shell nested on the outer surface of a metal gear blank, and the 3D printed resin shell has corresponding grooves on the tooth surface. After the electrode group is installed, it is fixed on the corresponding left gear shaft 105 and right gear shaft 104 by a locking nut and a positioning pin. The 3D printed resin shell of the polishing electrode group has a rectangular groove, and the 3D printed resin shell of the etching electrode group has a plurality of inclined grooves Reference Figure 1 、 2 , 3, install the whole device on the upper cover (fixed platform), the linear motion platform of the mechanical transmission system needs to be lubricated and the stroke needs to be calibrated to ensure that the left and right connecting rods can drive the passive wheel rotating shaft to move towards or away from each other along the guide rail smoothly under the drive of the electric cylinder.

[0018] Reference Figure 3 、 45. Install the left and right moving sliders on the guide rail fixing plate to ensure that the sliders move only along a single degree of freedom. Then, install accordion-style sealing covers between the two ends of the guide rail fixing plate and the left and right sliders. All connecting parts are directly fastened with threads to ensure that the sealing covers move synchronously with the left and right sliders and there is no gap leakage.

[0019] refer to Figure 6 , 7 Based on the model of the spur gear to be processed, select matching polishing electrode set and etching electrode set. The cutting tools adopt a detachable structure of "metal tooth blank + 3D printed resin shell". The tooth surface of the 3D printed resin shell of the polishing electrode set needs to be machined with a large rectangular groove to expose the metal cutting edge. The tooth surface of the 3D printed resin shell of the etching electrode set needs to be machined with multiple slender rectangular grooves with inclined angles to still expose the metal cutting edge. Install the selected electrode sets on the left and right gear shafts respectively, and fix them with lock nuts and positioning pins to ensure that the electrode sets are installed firmly and without loosening.

[0020] refer to Figure 1 , 4 Start the electric cylinder control program to drive the left and right gears to move outward axially to a safe distance to avoid interference when clamping the workpiece. Install the spur gear to be processed on the drive shaft and fix it axially and circumferentially by locking the nut and positioning pin to ensure that the coaxiality of the gear installation meets the requirements. Close the electric cylinder control program and start the drive motor 109 to drive the gear to be processed to rotate slowly (the speed is set to 5-10 r / min). At the same time, the electric cylinder works in reverse, driving the electrode groups on both sides to slowly feed inward through the left and right connecting rods. Observe the meshing state of the gear and the electrode group until the tooth surface of the gear to be processed is completely in contact with the tooth surface of the gears on both sides of the electrode group. Stop the spindle motor and the electric cylinder to complete the clamping and positioning.

[0021] refer to Figure 1 Open the inlet valve of the chamber and inject electrolyte into the chamber until the electrolyte can cover the entire tooth surface of the gear to be processed. Close the inlet valve and tighten the top cover to ensure that the processing area is well sealed.

[0022] refer to Figure 2 The left and right gear rotating shafts are connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, i.e., the anode of the workpiece, through the left and right top electric rings. The drive shaft is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, i.e., the cathode of the workpiece. A pulse power supply is connected between the anode and cathode. The voltage parameters are set according to the processing requirements. The initial speed of the spindle is adjusted through the motor control system. The appropriate speed needs to be selected for different processes. refer to Figure 6First, the motor speed is set and the power supply circuits for both electrode groups are connected. In the initial processing stage, a pulse power boost program is initiated. The voltage of the power supply circuit for the left polishing electrode group steadily increases from 0V to 24V at a rate of 1V / s, lasting approximately 24 seconds. Simultaneously, a boost operation is performed on the power supply circuit for the right etching electrode group, slowly increasing from 0V to 2V at a rate of 0.5V / s, lasting approximately 4 seconds. A stepped voltage regulation control is used during the boost process. For every 2V increase in the polishing electrode group and every 0.2V increase in the etching electrode group, the voltage is kept stable for 3 seconds until the electrochemical reaction stabilizes before continuing the boost. This avoids instantaneous high voltage causing localized over-polishing of the tooth surface or abnormal electrolyte ionization. When the polishing electrode group is stably powered at 24V, the electrolyte ionization intensity is significantly enhanced under high voltage, and metal ions from the metal tooth blank quickly dissolve from the tooth surface, preferentially removing micro-cracks and burrs remaining from the tooth surface processing. The etching process targets uneven areas. Under the predetermined gear rotation speed, the electrolyte continuously flushes the gaps between the tooth surfaces, promptly removing dissolved metal debris and forming a uniform, dense, and smooth surface, thus improving the fatigue strength of the tooth surface. When the etching electrode group is powered by a low voltage of 2V, the low voltage only triggers a weak electrochemical reaction. On the one hand, it cleans the polishing products attached to the tooth surface through gentle ion bombardment, avoiding debris adhesion during the polishing process from affecting the polishing uniformity, which can shorten the overall polishing time by about 15%. On the other hand, it pre-activates the tooth surface, so that the metal lattice on the tooth surface is in a slightly ionized state, laying a uniform reaction foundation for the subsequent high-voltage etching process and reducing the probability of edge burrs and uneven depth in the etching microtexture. Before the end of the polishing process (about the last 10% of the overall polishing time), the voltage switching program is started: the voltage of the left polishing electrode group is steadily reduced from 24V to 2V at a rate of 2V / s, lasting for about 11 seconds. During the voltage reduction process, the voltage is kept stable for 2 seconds every 4V decrease to avoid local electrochemical reaction termination marks on the tooth surface caused by a sudden voltage drop. Simultaneously, the voltage of the right etching electrode group is increased from 2V to 24V at a rate of 2V / s, lasting for approximately 11 seconds. For every 4V increase, the voltage is maintained for 2 seconds to ensure a gradual increase in the intensity of the etching electrochemical reaction, avoiding microtexture groove distortion caused by instantaneous high voltage. The polishing electrode group is finished at a low voltage of 2V. At this low voltage, the electrochemical reaction intensity is weakened, and only fine grinding is performed on the tooth surface to eliminate any micro-ripples or localized over-polished areas that may have been generated during the initial high-voltage polishing, ultimately stabilizing the tooth surface roughness Ra value at 0.2-0.The tooth surface is passivated at 4μm to improve its corrosion resistance. This stage also fills micro-pits on the tooth surface through weak ionic action, further optimizing surface smoothness and ensuring a smooth, stepless transition between the tooth surface and the subsequent oil-retaining microtexture. During high-voltage etching at 24V, the metal cutting edge of the etching electrode assembly precisely etches the pre-designed oil-retaining microtexture grooves on the pre-activated tooth surface through electrolytic scanning etching. The inclined grooves of the 3D-printed resin shell of the etching electrode assembly guide the electrical current... The chemical reaction occurs in a directional manner, and the depth of the microtextured grooves can be precisely controlled within 5-20 μm, while the width is controlled within 10-30 μm. The groove shape is inclined along the meshing direction of the gear teeth, matching the flow direction of lubricating oil during actual gear operation. Simultaneously, because the pre-polishing process ensures the flatness of the gear teeth, the distribution accuracy error of the microtextured grooves can be controlled within ±0.05 mm. The groove walls are smooth and burr-free, effectively storing lubricating oil, improving the lubrication effect during gear meshing, and reducing the coefficient of friction of the gear teeth by approximately 30%-40%. refer to Figure 1 , 2 After processing, first disconnect the pulse power supply and the spindle motor power supply, open the liquid outlet valve of the housing, recover the electrolyte into a special storage container, and after the electrolyte is completely discharged, start the electric cylinder to move the electrode groups on both sides outward to a safe distance, loosen the locking nut and positioning pin of the spindle, and remove the processed spur gear. refer to Figure 1 Rinse the machining area and tool teeth with clean water to remove residual electrolyte. After drying, lubricate and maintain moving parts such as guide rails and gear shafts. Close the bellows-type sealing cover and restore the device to its initial standby state for the next machining operation.

[0023] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, it should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make substitutions or changes to certain features of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such substitutions or changes should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simultaneous processing of gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing, comprising a housing, the housing including a bottom plate, side walls, and a top cover, the top cover being a fixed platform, characterized in that, A drive shaft (110) for fixing the gear to be processed is rotatably mounted on a fixed platform. A left gear shaft (105) and a right gear shaft (104) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the rotating shaft. The left gear shaft (105) and the right gear shaft (104) move away from or closer to the drive shaft synchronously under the drive of the drive mechanism. A left-side electric slip ring (111) is installed on the left gear shaft (105), and a right-side electric slip ring (112) is installed on the right gear shaft (104). A polishing electrode group (303) is fixedly mounted on the left gear shaft, and an etching electrode group (304) is fixedly mounted on the right gear shaft.

2. The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing synchronous processing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes an electric cylinder (101) fixed to the upper cover. The linear motion output shaft of the electric cylinder is located directly below the drive shaft. The upper end of the linear motion output shaft of the electric cylinder is hinged to the left connecting rod (103) and the right connecting rod (102) through a Y-type joint. The upper end of the left connecting rod (103) is rotatably connected to the left gear shaft (105), and the upper end of the right connecting rod (102) is rotatably connected to the right gear shaft (104).

3. The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing synchronous processing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rail fixing plate (108) is fixedly installed on the upper cover. The drive shaft passes through the guide rail fixing plate and rotates with the guide rail fixing plate. The guide rail fixing plate is provided with two strip holes symmetrically arranged relative to the drive shaft, namely the left strip hole and the right strip hole. Guide rails are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the left strip hole and the right strip hole. The left gear shaft (105) and the right gear shaft (104) slide with the guide rails.

4. The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing synchronous processing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The left gear shaft (105) and the right gear shaft (104) are slidably engaged with the guide rail through the left motion slider (107) and the right motion slider (106), respectively. The left motion slider (107) and the right motion slider (106) are sealed between the end plates at both ends of the corresponding guide rail through the bellows-type sealing cover (201).

5. The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing synchronous processing device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the polishing electrode assembly and the etching electrode assembly consist of a metal tooth blank with a 3D printed resin shell inside. The 3D printed resin shell has corresponding slots on the tooth surface. After the electrode assembly is installed, it is fixed to the corresponding left gear shaft (105) and right gear shaft (104) with a locking nut and a positioning pin.

6. The gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing processing apparatus as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The 3D printed resin shell of the polishing electrode assembly has rectangular grooves, while the 3D printed resin shell of the etching electrode assembly has several oblique grooves.

7. A method for polishing and microtexturing gear teeth, using the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Before the machining work begins, the electric cylinder (101) moves the left and right gear shafts outward to a safe distance, installs the gear to be machined on the drive shaft, and fixes it with a lock nut and a positioning pin. Then, the drive motor (109) drives the drive shaft (110) and the gear to be machined (305) it clamps to rotate slowly. The electric cylinder (101) works, and the left connecting rod (103) and the right connecting rod (102) drive the polishing electrode group (303) and the etching electrode group (304) to slowly retract inward until the working surface of the slowly rotating drive wheel meshes with the tool gear.

8. The method for simultaneous processing of gear tooth surface polishing and oil storage microtexturing as described in claim 7, characterized in that, After the gear installation is completed, electrolyte is introduced through the inlet of the housing until it can cover the gear to be processed, the polishing electrode group, and the etching electrode group, and then the top cover is closed. The anode and cathode are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply, respectively. The left and right lead rings at the top of the left gear shaft (105) and right gear shaft (104) corresponding to the polishing electrode group (303) and etching electrode group (304) are connected to the positive terminal of the power supply as the workpiece anode. The drive shaft is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply as the workpiece cathode. A pulse power supply is connected between the anode and cathode to apply a certain voltage. The motor speed is set, and in the initial stage of processing, the pulse power supply is stepped up and down: the voltage of the left polishing electrode group is increased from 0V to 24V at 1V / s, which takes 24 seconds, and is stabilized for 3 seconds for every 2V increase. Under high voltage, micro-cracks and burrs on the tooth surface are quickly removed, forming a smooth surface and closing micro-cracks; the voltage of the right etching electrode group is increased from 0V to 2V at 0.5V / s, which takes 4 seconds, and is stabilized for 3 seconds for every 0.2V increase. Under low voltage, polishing debris is cleaned and the tooth surface is pre-activated. The voltage switching process is as follows: The left polishing electrode group reduces the voltage from 24V to 2V at a rate of 2V / s over 11 seconds, stabilizing for 2 seconds after each 4V drop. This low-voltage approach refines the tooth surface, stabilizing the roughness Ra at 0.2-0.4μm and passivating it. The right etching electrode group increases the voltage from 2V to 24V at a rate of 2V / s over 11 seconds, stabilizing for 2 seconds after each 4V increase. This high-voltage approach precisely etches oil-retaining microtexture grooves, 5-20μm deep and 10-30μm wide, with a distribution accuracy of ±0.05mm. The groove shape adapts to the flow of lubricating oil, reducing the tooth surface friction coefficient by 30%-40%. After processing is completed, the power is turned off, and the electrolyte is recovered through the outlet. The processed gear can then be removed from the casing.

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