Complex thin-wall shell machining anti-vibration tool and using method
By using flexible clamping and position adjustment of anti-vibration fixtures for machining complex thin-walled shells, the deformation and vibration problems of thin-walled shells during CNC milling are solved, achieving high-precision and low-cost machining results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
The CNC milling process for complex thin-walled shells suffers from problems such as large machining deformation, severe surface chatter, and low clamping efficiency due to insufficient rigidity.
A complex thin-walled shell is used to process anti-vibration tooling, which includes a pressure plate assembly, a sleeve assembly, and a pad. Flexible clamping is achieved by using the radial pressure of the O-ring. The workpiece position is adjusted by screw connection and pad to adapt to processing requirements at different depths.
It effectively controls workpiece deformation to less than 0.02mm, improves surface quality, simplifies clamping operations, reduces costs, and enhances machining reliability and consistency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121733294A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application relates to the field of machining, in particular to a complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool and a use method. BACKGROUND
[0002] 7A09 aluminum alloy is an ultra-hard aluminum alloy composed of Al, Zn, Mg, Cu and the like, has good corrosion resistance, high toughness and good hot workability, and is widely used in the fields of aerospace and the like.
[0003] A certain shell is made of 7A09, has a thin-walled shell structure, and has an asymmetric inner cavity containing multiple lugs, has an orifice size tolerance of 0.06, and has a cylindricity of 0.029. The aluminum alloy thin-walled cylindrical shell has the characteristics of complex structure, high size precision requirement and easy deformation.
[0004] When the thin-walled shell is turned and milled, it is easy to deform under the action of clamping force and cutting force, thereby affecting the size precision. Under the comprehensive action of cutting force, cutting heat and clamping force, the part is easy to deform, thereby affecting the size precision and shape and position tolerances, and the deformation and vibration of the thin-walled shell during machining easily occur, so that the surface near the boss is easy to have fish-scale-shaped vibration lines, and the surface roughness is difficult to guarantee.
[0005] Process personnel control by changing clamping, adjusting cutting parameters and changing heat treatment methods, but the effect is very small for high-precision shells, so the deformation and surface quality of thin-walled parts have been a difficult point in process control in machining.
[0006] Publication No. CN215358126U discloses a plate-type thin-walled part machining tool, which supports the end face of the plate-type thin-walled part well, prevents the plate-type thin-walled part from deforming and vibrating under stress during the machining process, and improves the machining precision by setting first and second support members for supporting the central region and the edge region of the thin-walled part respectively and a pressing block for pressing the edge region. On the other hand, the first and second support members and the pressing block are designed ingeniously, clamping is fast and convenient, and the tool has strong practicability.
[0007] Complex thin-walled shell parts (such as engine casings and sensor housings) are easy to vibrate, deform or even flutter during finishing, which leads to size out-of-tolerance, surface roughness deterioration or vibration lines. Traditional clamping methods rely on experience to apply clamping force, which easily causes local crushing or residual stress; and cannot effectively suppress the system vibration caused by long tool bars during deep cavity milling. The existing complex thin-walled shells have the problems of large machining deformation, serious surface vibration and low clamping efficiency due to insufficient rigidity during numerical control milling. SUMMARY
[0008] In order to overcome the problem of large machining deformation, serious surface vibration and low clamping efficiency of existing complex thin-walled shell in numerical control milling process due to insufficient rigidity, the present application provides a complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool and a using method, which can realize fast and stable clamping, improve the reliability and consistency of part machining, and reduce part deformation.
[0009] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is: A complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool, comprising a pressing plate assembly, a workpiece, a sleeve assembly and a cushion block, wherein the cushion block is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve assembly, the sleeve assembly is sleeved on the workpiece, the bottom of the workpiece and the bottom of the cushion block are located on the same support surface, and the top of the sleeve assembly is pressed against the top of the workpiece through the pressing plate assembly.
[0010] The sleeve assembly comprises a sleeve and an O-ring, and the sleeve is a hollow cylindrical structure, and two sealing grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve for mounting the O-ring.
[0011] The O-ring is mounted in the sealing groove arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve, and the radial pressure generated by the compression deformation of the O-ring is used to realize flexible clamping of the workpiece.
[0012] A single-sided assembly gap of 0.2-0.25 mm is arranged between the sleeve and the workpiece to be machined.
[0013] Four screw holes are arranged on the upper end surface of the sleeve, the screw holes are used to mount screws, and the pressing plate assembly is connected to the upper end surface of the sleeve through the screws.
[0014] The four screw holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the end surface of the sleeve, and the depth of the screw holes is at least 20 mm.
[0015] The pressing plate assembly comprises a pressing plate and a fastening bolt, one end of the pressing plate is located on the upper surface of the workpiece, and the other end is connected to the sleeve through the screws; and the fastening bolt is arranged in the middle of the pressing plate.
[0016] One end of the fastening bolt penetrates through the pressing plate downward and is tightened on the end surface of the sleeve.
[0017] The cushion block is placed on the machine tool workbench and used to support the bottom of the sleeve, and different height cushion blocks are used to adjust the axial position of the workpiece in the sleeve to adapt to the machining requirements of different depth cavity parts.
[0018] A using method of the complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool, comprising the following specific steps: The O-ring is mounted in the sealing groove of the sleeve; The workpiece is mounted in the sleeve, and the sleeve is placed on the cushion block; The relative position of the workpiece and the sleeve is adjusted to be stable; Install the clamp plate combination, tighten the screw to complete the clamping; Replace the cushion block to adapt to different machining depths.
[0019] The beneficial effects of the present application are: Excellent deformation control: the overall deformation of the workpiece is less than or equal to 0.02 mm, meeting the high-precision requirements; Workpiece surface quality improvement: effectively suppresses vibration, significantly improves workpiece surface roughness; Efficient clamping: no need to judge the clamping force, simple and fast operation; Low cost: simple structure, mainly standard parts, easy to manufacture; Strong versatility: adapt to various depth machining requirements by replacing the cushion block. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 is a modified clamp plate combination schematic diagram.
[0021] Figure 2 is a clamping structure schematic diagram.
[0022] Figure 3 is a sleeve combination structure schematic diagram.
[0023] Figure 4 is a workpiece structure schematic diagram.
[0024] In the figure, the reference signs are: 1, clamp plate combination; 2, workpiece; 3, sleeve combination; 4, cushion block; 5, screw; 1-1, clamp plate; 1-2, fastening bolt; 3-1, sleeve; 3-2, O-ring; 3-3, screw hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0026] Various structure schematic diagrams according to the disclosed embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. These diagrams are not drawn to scale, in which certain details are exaggerated for the purpose of clarity, and certain details may be omitted. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the diagrams are only exemplary, and in actuality may deviate due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and regions / layers with different shapes, sizes and relative positions can be additionally designed by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.
[0027] Embodiment 1 In order to overcome the problem of large machining deformation, serious surface vibration and low clamping efficiency of the existing complex thin-walled shell in numerical control milling process due to insufficient rigidity, the application provides a complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool and a using method, which can realize fast and stable clamping, improve the reliability and consistency of part machining, and reduce part deformation.
[0028] A complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool, comprising a pressing plate combination 1, a workpiece 2, a sleeve combination 3 and a cushion block 4, wherein the cushion block 4 is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve combination 3, the sleeve combination 3 is sleeved outside the workpiece 2, and the bottom of the workpiece 2 and the bottom of the cushion block 4 are located on the same support surface; the top of the sleeve combination 3 is pressed against the top of the workpiece 2 through a plurality of pressing plate combinations 1.
[0029] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the application provides a complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tool, which is suitable for numerical control milling clamping of the machining center in the finishing stage of the part. The preparation work before machining is as follows: assemble the sleeve combination 3, install the O-ring 3-2 into the sealing groove of the sleeve 3-1, then install the workpiece 2 into the sleeve combination 3, adjust the relative position until it is stable and reliable, and then press the workpiece 2 through the pressing plate combination 1. When machining the workpiece 2 to different depths, the relative position between the sleeve combination 3 and the workpiece 2 is changed through the cushion block 4 for machining. The application is simple, fast, easy to operate and low in cost, and can well control the deformation of the workpiece 2 within 0.02mm.
[0030] The application is an anti-vibration tool for numerical control milling of complex thin-walled shell parts, and is especially suitable for thin-walled structure parts in the finishing stage in the fields of aviation, aerospace and precision instruments with high surface quality and low deformation requirement.
[0031] In the application, the cushion block 4 is placed on the machine tool platform and supports the bottom of the sleeve combination 3. By replacing the cushion block 4 with different heights, the axial position of the workpiece 2 in the sleeve combination 3 can be adjusted, so that the workpiece 2 to be machined cavity part is close to the machine tool spindle, the cutter overhang length is shortened, the rigidity is improved, and the deep cavity machining vibration is reduced.
[0032] The cushion block 4 is a standardized replaceable cushion block 4 with a height difference of 5mm or 10mm, which is convenient for quick switching to adapt to different machining depths.
[0033] The application solves the problem of large machining deformation, serious surface vibration and low clamping efficiency of the complex thin-walled shell in numerical control milling process due to insufficient rigidity, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient operation and effective control of deformation and vibration suppression.
[0034] Embodiment 2 Based on the basis of example 1, in this embodiment, the sleeve combination 3 comprises sleeve 3-1 and O-ring 3-2, the sleeve 3-1 is hollow cylindrical structure, the inner wall is provided with two sealing grooves for installing the O-ring 3-2.
[0035] Preferably, the O-ring 3-2 is installed in the sealing groove provided on the inner wall of the sleeve 3-1, and the radial pressure generated by the compression deformation of the O-ring 3-2 realizes the flexible clamping of the workpiece 2.
[0036] In the present application, the axial fastening of the sleeve 3-1 and the workpiece 2 relies on the compression of the O-ring 3-2, which is beneficial to reduce the vibration during machining. The sealing groove provided in the sleeve 3-1 is provided with the O-ring 3-2 during clamping, and the O-ring 3-2 is an O-shaped sealing ring; the clamping of the workpiece 2 is realized by the compression of the O-ring 3-2 to achieve the purpose of radial fastening. Because the surface quality of the workpiece 2 is required to be high, the compression of the O-ring 3-2 can avoid the surface scratch and bruise caused by the direct contact between the workpiece 2 and the sleeve 3-1, thereby protecting the surface of the workpiece 2; secondly, the irregular deformation such as ellipsoidal deformation of the workpiece 2 caused by cutting force, cutting heat and the like during machining can be reduced by the extrusion of the sleeve 3-1 provided with the O-ring 3-2; the vibration caused by the insufficient rigidity of the cutting tool during cutting the thin-walled deep part can be partially absorbed by the O-ring 3-2, thereby reducing the vibration.
[0037] In the present application, the O-ring 3-2 is installed in the sealing groove, and the radial flexible clamping of the workpiece 2 is realized by the elastic deformation thereof. The two sealing grooves are distributed along the axial direction of the sleeve 3-1, which is used to assist the alignment of the workpiece 2 during clamping to prevent deflection; such structure avoids the direct contact between the workpiece 2 and the inner wall of the sleeve 3-1, prevents surface scratch, and protects the outer surface of the workpiece 2 from mechanical damage. Under the action of cutting force, the O-ring 3-2 can buffer the irregular deformation such as ellipsoidal deformation, absorb high-frequency vibration energy, and significantly reduce the milling vibration.
[0038] The compression amount of the O-ring 3-2 is designed to match the material of the workpiece 2 and the cutting force, which can absorb part of the vibration energy during cutting, effectively suppress the vibration caused by the insufficient rigidity of the tool, and improve the surface machining quality of the workpiece 2.
[0039] In the present application, the workpiece 2 is a thin-walled shell part, and the height of the sleeve 3-1 is preferably 120-130mm, which is convenient for covering the deep cavity machining area. When machining different parts of the workpiece 2, the relative distance between the machining tool and the workpiece 2 can be changed by adjusting the pad 4, the machining position and the distance between the tool handle and the machine tool are shortened, and the vibration of the workpiece 2 caused by the insufficient rigidity during machining the deep cavity part of the workpiece 2 is further reduced, and the surface machining quality of the workpiece 2 is improved. The pad 4 is two, which is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the sleeve 3-1 and supports the sleeve 3-1.
[0040] Preferably, the sleeve 3-1 is provided with a single-sided assembly gap of 0.2-0.25 mm with the workpiece 2 to be processed.
[0041] The sleeve 3-1 is kept with a single-sided gap of 0.2-0.25 mm with the workpiece 2, which not only ensures smooth loading, but also avoids interference stress.
[0042] Preferably, the upper end surface of the sleeve 3-1 is provided with four screw holes 3-3 for installing screws 5, and the pressing plate assembly 1 is connected with the upper end surface of the sleeve 3-1 through the screws 5.
[0043] Preferably, the four screw holes 3-3 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the end surface of the sleeve 3-1, and the depth of the screw hole 3-3 is at least 20 mm.
[0044] In the present application, two sealing grooves are provided in the sleeve 3-1, which is beneficial for alignment during clamping, prevents deflection and protects the surface of the workpiece 2 from being scratched.
[0045] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the present application, the sleeve 3-1 has four screw holes 3-3 on one side, which are used to fasten the pressing plate assembly 1, realize axial fastening of clamping, and the depth of the screw hole 3-3 is preferably 20 mm. The connecting screw 5 is screwed into the screw hole 3-3 with depth to increase the rigidity and stability of the tooling.
[0046] Preferably, the pressing plate assembly 1 includes a pressing plate 1-1 and a fastening bolt 1-2, one end of the pressing plate 1-1 is located on the upper surface of the workpiece 2, and the other end is connected with the sleeve 3-1 through the screw 5; the fastening bolt 1-2 is arranged in the middle of the pressing plate 1-1.
[0047] Preferably, one end of the fastening bolt 1-2 penetrates out of the pressing plate 1-1 downward and is tightened on the end surface of the sleeve 3-1.
[0048] In the present application, the pressing plate assembly 1 is four sets, and the cross-shaped fitting is distributed on the outer contour of the upper end of the sleeve 3-1, which ensures that the pressing force on the workpiece 2 is evenly distributed.
[0049] Preferably, the cushion block 4 is placed on the machine tool workbench, which is used to support the bottom of the sleeve 3-1, and the axial position of the workpiece 2 in the sleeve 3-1 is adjusted by replacing the cushion block 4 with different heights to adapt to the processing requirements of different depth cavity parts.
[0050] In the present application, the sleeve 3-1 is quenched and tempered with 45# steel, which is a double heat treatment method of quenching and high temperature tempering, so that the sleeve 3-1 has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
[0051] In the application, the size of the sleeve 3-1 is preferably: inner diameter Φ80H7, height 120 mm; the material of the O-ring 3-2 is nitrile rubber, and the hardness is 70 Shore A.
[0052] In the application, the cushion block 4 provides three height specifications of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm. The height of the cushion block 4 can also be customized according to requirements. It is only necessary to ensure that it meets the subsequent operation requirements.
[0053] Embodiment 3: Based on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, the application provides a use method of the complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tooling, and the specific steps are: The O-ring 3-2 is installed in the sealing groove of the sleeve 3-1; The workpiece 2 is installed in the sleeve 3-1, and the sleeve 3-1 is placed on the cushion block 4; The relative position of the workpiece 2 and the sleeve 3-1 is adjusted to be stable; The pressing plate assembly 1 is installed, and the clamping is completed by tightening the screw 5; The cushion block 4 is replaced to adapt to different machining depths.
[0054] As shown in Figures 1-4 the application, the cushion block 4 is placed on the machine tool operation platform, the O-ring 3-2 is installed in the sealing groove of the sleeve 3-1 after leveling and aligning, the workpiece 2 is installed in the sleeve 3-1 with the O-ring 3-2, the fastening is realized through the pressing amount of the O-ring 3-2, the sleeve 3-1 is placed on the cushion block 4 after assembly, the relative position is adjusted until it is stable and reliable, four screw holes 3-3 are arranged on one side of the sleeve 3-1 and used for pressing with the pressing plate assembly 1. When different cavity parts of the workpiece 2 are machined, the relative position of the sleeve 3-1 and the workpiece 2 is changed by replacing the cushion block 4 for machining.
[0055] Compared with the traditional method of clamping the workpiece, the size of the clamping force is often determined by experience, and the improvement relies on the tooling, which greatly saves the clamping time. When the workpiece is insufficient in rigidity during internal milling of the thin-walled part, the part is prone to deformation. The sleeve type ring clamping is adopted in the application to increase the rigidity. The O-ring 3-2 can effectively reduce the vibration during machining and improve the surface machining quality. The tooling operation is simple, fast and low in cost.
[0056] The complex thin-walled shell machining anti-vibration tooling provided by the application has been successfully applied to the finish milling process of an aviation thin-walled shell, the surface vibration line elimination rate is 100%, and the one-time qualification rate reaches 99.5%.
[0057] The tooling provided by the application has the following advantages: Excellent deformation control: the overall deformation of the workpiece 2 is less than or equal to 0.02 mm, meeting the high-precision requirement; Workpiece surface quality promotion: effectively inhibit vibration, workpiece 2 surface roughness significantly improved; Clamping efficiency: no experience to judge the clamping force, simple and fast operation; Low cost: simple structure, easy to manufacture; Strong versatility: by changing the pad 4 to adapt to a variety of depth processing needs.
[0058] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0059] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the specification and the appended claims of the present application, unless otherwise clearly indicated by the context, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms.
[0060] The above examples are only examples of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application. Any design identical or similar to the present application falls within the scope of protection of the present application. The device structure steps not described in detail in the present application are prior art, which will not be further described in the present application.
Claims
1. A complex thin-walled shell machining anti-chatter fixture, characterized in that: It comprises a pressing plate combination (1), a workpiece (2), a sleeve combination (3) and a cushion block (4), the cushion block (4) is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve combination (3), the sleeve combination (3) is sleeved on the workpiece (2), and the bottom of the workpiece (2) and the bottom of the cushion block (4) are located on the same supporting surface; the top of the sleeve combination (3) is pressed against the top of the workpiece (2) through a plurality of pressing plate combinations (1).
2. The anti-vibration jig for processing a complex thin-walled shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve combination (3) comprises a sleeve (3-1) and an O-shaped ring (3-2), the sleeve (3-1) is a hollow cylindrical structure, and two sealing grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (3-1) and used for mounting the O-shaped ring (3-2).
3. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 2, wherein: The O-shaped ring (3-2) is mounted in the sealing groove arranged on the inner wall of the sleeve (3-1), and the radial pressure generated by the compression deformation of the O-shaped ring (3-2) is used to realize the flexible clamping of the workpiece (2).
4. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 2, wherein: The sleeve (3-1) is provided with a single-edge assembly gap of 0.2-0.25 mm between the sleeve (3-1) and the workpiece (2) to be machined.
5. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 2, wherein: The upper end surface of the sleeve (3-1) is provided with four screw holes (3-3), the screw holes (3-3) are used for mounting screws (5), and the pressing plate combination (1) is connected with the upper end surface of the sleeve (3-1) through the screws (5).
6. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 5, wherein: The four screw holes (3-3) are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface of the end surface of the sleeve (3-1), and the depth of the screw holes (3-3) is at least 20 mm.
7. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 1, wherein: The pressing plate combination (1) comprises a pressing plate (1-1) and a fastening bolt (1-2), one end of the pressing plate (1-1) is located on the upper surface of the workpiece (2), the other end is connected with the sleeve (3-1) through the screws (5), and the fastening bolt (1-2) is arranged in the middle of the pressing plate (1-1).
8. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 7, wherein: One end of the fastening bolt (1-2) penetrates out of the pressing plate (1-1) downward and is screwed on the end surface of the sleeve (3-1).
9. The anti-chatter tooling apparatus for machining complex thin-walled shells of claim 1, wherein: The cushion block (4) is placed on the machine tool workbench and used for supporting the bottom of the sleeve (3-1), and the axial position of the workpiece (2) in the sleeve (3-1) is adjusted by replacing the cushion block (4) with different heights, so that the machining requirements of different depth cavity parts can be met.
10. The method of claim 1-9, wherein the method further comprises: The specific steps are as follows: The O-shaped ring (3-2) is mounted in the sealing groove of the sleeve (3-1); The workpiece (2) is mounted in the sleeve (3-1), and the sleeve (3-1) is arranged on the cushion block (4); The relative position of the workpiece (2) and the sleeve (3-1) is adjusted to be stable; The pressing plate combination (1) is mounted, and the screws (5) are tightened to complete clamping; The cushion block (4) is replaced to adapt to different machining depths.