In-situ curing solid-state battery and manufacturing and formation process thereof
By combining clamping pressure and stepped temperature in-situ curing process, the problems of long time consumption and low performance in solid-state battery formation process are solved. This process achieves efficient battery interface activation and component diffusion, improves battery rate and cycle performance, and extends battery life.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies in lithium battery formation processes, especially solid-state battery formation processes, suffer from problems such as long processing time, low rate performance, and poor cell cycle performance after formation. Furthermore, they have not effectively solved the problems of gas removal and interface compatibility.
An in-situ curing process combining clamp pressurization with stepped and gentle phased charging is adopted, including constant current and pulse charging at specific temperatures to optimize battery interface contact and component diffusion. Pressure of 5 kPa to 300 kPa is applied by clamps, temperature is adjusted and multi-stage charging is performed to activate the cell and improve interface compatibility.
It significantly improves the rate and cycle performance of solid-state batteries, reduces the risk of lithium dendrite growth, extends battery life, and is compatible with existing production lines, thereby improving production efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure SMS_1
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical power source technology, and to an in-situ solid-state battery and its manufacturing and formation process, particularly to a rapid and efficient manufacturing and formation process for an in-situ solid-state battery. Background Technology
[0002] Lithium-ion batteries possess advantages such as high voltage, high specific energy, long charge-discharge life, and safety and environmental friendliness, making them widely used in various electronic products (such as mobile phones, digital cameras, laptops, and power tools), portable small appliances, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. With the increasing demands for energy density and safety in lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries are emerging as the future development direction. Compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, solid-state batteries offer higher energy density and safety.
[0003] Formation refers to the initial charge-discharge activation process of lithium ions, which directly affects rate performance, cycle life, and other performance characteristics. Current technologies lack sufficient exploration of solid-state battery manufacturing processes, especially in the formation stage. Using a process of curing before formation results in the inability to effectively remove generated gases, affecting battery performance and easily leading to battery gas expansion. If formation is followed by curing, the resulting SEI interface has poor compatibility with the gel interface generated by in-situ curing, and the presence of free polymer monomers and initiators during formation leads to side reactions, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity.
[0004] Most existing technologies utilize liquid battery processes and do not address the interface issues of solid-state batteries, thus failing to fully leverage their advantages. Current processes are time-consuming, have low rate performance, and result in poor cycle performance of the formed cells. Therefore, developing an in-situ solid-state battery formation process is essential. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a manufacturing and formation process for in-situ solid-state batteries. This invention uses a fixture to pressurize the battery cell, and completes the formation process by step temperature and staged charging, which is fast and efficient.
[0006] Most existing technologies utilize liquid battery processes and do not address the interface issues of solid-state batteries, thus failing to fully leverage their advantages. Current processes are time-consuming, have low rate performance, and result in poor cycle performance of the formed cells. Therefore, developing an in-situ solid-state battery formation process is essential.
[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an in-situ solid-state battery product prepared by the above method.
[0008] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following solution: a method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery, comprising the following steps: S1. Take the semi-finished battery cell, inject it with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator and then encapsulate it; S2. Apply pressure of 5KPa to 300KPa to the solid-state battery using a clamp, adjust the ambient temperature T1 of the battery to 25-45℃, and use a constant current of 0.05C to 0.2C to charge the solid-state battery in situ to cure it to the first state of charge of 5% to 15% SOC. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 55-65℃, heat the solid-state battery for a period of time and then stop heating. At this time, the constant current charging current of the solid-state battery is 0.1C to 0.5C, and the second state of charge is 15% to 55% SOC. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the solid-state battery to 65-80℃, and pulse charge the solid-state battery to 100% SOC, where T3 > T2 > T1, and 55℃ ≤ T2 ≤ 65℃; S5, after which the solid-state battery is discharged at a constant current until 25% to 50% DOD is cut off.
[0009] In S4, the pulse process is as follows: Forward pulse, current 0.5C to 1.5C; charging time 120s to 360s; pause for 3s; repeat 10 times; reverse pulse, current 0.33C to 1C; charging time 30s to 60s; pause for 5s.
[0010] The pressure applied to the all-solid-state battery by the clamp in S1 is preferably between 5 kPa and 300 kPa; if the pressure is too low, it will not reduce the spacing between the cells, and if the pressure is too high, it will easily damage the battery.
[0011] The preferred constant current charging current in S2 is 0.05C to 0.2C, the state of charge (SOC) is 5% to 15%, and the ambient temperature is 25-45℃, which initially activates the battery cell. At this time, the negative electrode is in a depleted state, and within the 5%-15% SOC range, DC charging is less likely to produce significant polarization.
[0012] Preferably, the constant current charging current in S3 is 0.2C to 0.5C, the first state of charge is 15% to 55% SOC, the ambient temperature is 45-65℃, and it is maintained for 120-360 minutes, and then heating is stopped.
[0013] In the preferred step S4, the solid-state battery is pulse-charged to 100% SOC; wherein the pulse process is as follows: Forward pulse, current 0.5C to 1.5C; charging time 120s to 360s; pause for 3s; repeat 10 times; reverse pulse, current 0.33C to 1C; charging time 30s to 60s; pause for 5s.
[0014] Preferably, the constant current discharge current in S5 is 0.5C to 1.0C; the constant current discharge is 25% to 50% DOD, and the ambient temperature is 25℃.
[0015] This invention provides an in-situ solid-state battery prepared by the aforementioned formation method.
[0016] The principle behind this formation process is based on the following: first, preliminary activation is performed before battery solidification; second, solidification and formation are carried out simultaneously based on the magnitude of polarization; and third, when polarization increases, charging is performed at a high rate and low temperature. This process improves charging speed while eliminating the polarization caused by the increased charging speed.
[0017] The purpose of this invention is to provide an all-solid-state battery prepared by the above-described formation process, which improves rate capability and cycle performance.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention proposes a solid-state cell formation process under pressure in a fixture, which effectively improves the speed of solid-solid interface bonding and deepens the degree of component interdiffusion, resulting in a more uniform and complete electrode / electrolyte reaction. Through in-situ solidification technology, a uniform and dense solid electrolyte is formed inside the lithium metal solid-state battery, significantly suppressing lithium dendrite growth. This process effectively reduces local non-uniformity at the interface, thereby reducing the risk of lithium dendrites penetrating the separator. Experimental data shows that batteries treated with in-situ solidification exhibit significantly lower capacity decay during multiple charge-discharge cycles compared to traditional batteries, greatly improving cycle life and extending service life.
[0019] The process flow of this invention is highly compatible with the current mainstream pouch battery manufacturing lines and can be smoothly integrated into existing production lines. The rate capability and cycle performance of the all-solid-state batteries formed using this invention are effectively improved. Furthermore, production efficiency is also improved after adopting this process, thereby optimizing overall economic benefits. Thus, the above-mentioned objectives of this invention are achieved. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.
[0021] The following implementation methods and comparative examples use battery cell manufacturing processes and assembly: The positive electrode is selected according to the following mass fractions: lithium iron phosphate (LFP) 96.5%, carbon nanotubes (CNT) 0.5%, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 1.5%, and conductive carbon black SP 1.5%. Negative electrode composition: 94.5% graphite, 0.5% carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 2% styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and 1% polyacrylic acid (PAA). 10µm Al foil and 8µm Cu foil are used; The positive electrode material is mixed evenly according to the formula, coated onto an Al foil, dried, cold-pressed, and then formed into a sheet to obtain the positive electrode sheet. The negative electrode material is mixed evenly according to the formula, coated onto a Cu foil, dried, cold-pressed, and then formed into a sheet to obtain the negative electrode sheet. The positive and negative electrode sheets are then stacked alternately to obtain the unformed raw battery cell. After that, a conductive solution, polymer monomer, and initiator are injected, followed by encapsulation.
[0022] Example 1 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside; S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. Adjust the ambient temperature of the batteries to T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries to 5% SOC with a current of 0.1C, and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to T2 of 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature of the solid-state battery to T3 (70℃), and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 120 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 0.33C for 30 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃, perform constant current discharge at 0.5C, and achieve a depth of discharge of 30% DOD.
[0023] This batch of batteries was marked as batch A during circulation.
[0024] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 95.8%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 95.1%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 93.6%, as shown in Table 1.
[0025] Example 2 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 70℃, use a positive pulse, current 0.5C; charging time 240s; rest for 3s; repeat 10 times; reverse pulse, current 0.33C; charging time 30s; rest for 5s; charge to 100% SOC, rest for 10min. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃; constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 45% DOD.
[0026] This batch of batteries was marked as batch B during circulation.
[0027] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 97.1%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 96.4%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 94.9%, as shown in Table 1.
[0028] Example 3 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 52% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 70℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 1.0C for 240 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 1.0C for 30 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃; constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 35% DOD.
[0029] This batch of batteries was marked as batch C during circulation.
[0030] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 96.4%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 95.2%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 93.3%, as shown in Table 1.
[0031] Example 4 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 150 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 80℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 120 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 0.5C for 60 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃; constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 30% DOD.
[0032] This batch of batteries was marked as batch D during circulation.
[0033] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 95.6%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 95.1%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 91.7%, as shown in Table 1.
[0034] Example 5 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 80℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 120 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 1.0C for 60 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃. Constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 50% DOD.
[0035] This batch of batteries was marked as batch E during circulation.
[0036] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 94.6%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 95.7%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 92.4%, as shown in Table 1.
[0037] Example 6 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 150 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 5% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 75℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 360 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 0.5C for 60 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃. Constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 30% DOD.
[0038] This batch of batteries was marked as batch F during circulation.
[0039] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 95.8%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 94.7%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 92.3%, as shown in Table 1.
[0040] Comparative Example 1 After the 10 solid-state batteries were placed on the formation cabinet without any clamps, they were charged at a constant current of 0.2C at 60°C until they reached 80% SOC.
[0041] This batch of batteries was marked as batch G during circulation.
[0042] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 91.6%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 90.2%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 78.7%, as shown in Table 1.
[0043] Comparative Example 2 After the 10 solid-state batteries were placed on the formation cabinet, the fixture was installed, the pressure was increased to 80 kPa, and constant current charging was performed at 0.2 C at 60°C until the batteries reached 80% SOC.
[0044] This batch of batteries was marked as batch H during circulation.
[0045] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 88.6%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 79.1%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ is 75.7%, as shown in Table 1.
[0046] Comparative Example 3 An in-situ solid-state battery is prepared by formation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 150 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 5% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating; S4. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃, use a positive pulse, current 1.0C; charging time 1200s; rest for 3s; repeat 5 times; reverse pulse, current 1.5C; charging time 10s; rest for 3s; charge to 100% SOC, rest for 10min. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃. Constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 30% DOD.
[0047] This batch of batteries was marked as batch I during circulation.
[0048] Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.33C charge and 0.5C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 25℃ is 91.4%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 0.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at 45℃ is 88.2%. Under charge / discharge conditions of 1.5C charge and 1.0C discharge, the capacity retention rate at -10℃ was 84.3%, as shown in Table 1.
[0049] Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 all used LFP cathode material combined with artificial graphite system to prepare soft-pack lithium-ion solid batteries. Before and after formation, conventional processes of existing technology were used.
[0050] After aging, settling, and capacity testing of the AF and GHI batches of batteries obtained through the above formation process and conventional formation methods, one battery from each batch with similar capacity and internal resistance was selected. These batteries were then subjected to cyclic testing under different conditions, and the capacity retention rate of each battery was recorded as shown in Table 1.
[0051] Table 1 below shows the test results of capacity retention of lithium-ion batteries obtained in each embodiment and comparative example after 500 cycles at different rates and temperatures: Based on the process parameters and data in Table 1, it can be seen that: under pressure of 80 kPa, charging to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C in S2; charging to 45% SOC in S3; S4 at 70℃, with a forward pulse, current of 1.0C, charging time of 240s, rest for 3s, repeated 10 times; reverse pulse, current of 1.0C, charging time of 30s, rest for 5s. Charging to 100% SOC, resting for 10min; finally, constant current discharge at 0.5C, with a depth of discharge of 45% DOD, the resulting cell showed significantly improved high and low temperature and cycle performance. This proves that fixture pressure, formation SOC, stepped temperature, and pulse charging can effectively improve the contact interface resistance problem of the solid-solid interface, effectively improving the high and low temperature and cycle performance of solid-state batteries.
[0052] The three formation factors of pressure, stepped temperature and pulse charging work together to effectively improve the formation effect. However, a single factor cannot improve the formation effect well. This invention combines pressure, stepped temperature and pulse charging to effectively improve the cycle and high and low temperature performance of the formed cell.
[0053] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Take the semi-finished battery cell, inject it with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator and then encapsulate it; S2. Apply pressure of 5KPa to 300KPa to the solid-state battery using a clamp, adjust the ambient temperature T1 of the battery to 25-45℃, and use a constant current of 0.05C to 0.2C to charge the solid-state battery in situ to cure it to the first state of charge of 5% to 15% SOC. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 55-65℃, heat the solid-state battery for a period of time and then stop heating. At this time, the constant current charging current of the solid-state battery is 0.1C to 0.5C, and the second state of charge is 15% to 55% SOC. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the solid-state battery to 65-80℃, and pulse charge the solid-state battery to 100% SOC, where T3 > T2 > T1, and 55℃ ≤ T2 ≤ 65℃; S5, after which the solid-state battery is discharged at a constant current until 25% to 50% DOD is cut off.
2. The manufacturing method of the in-situ solid-state battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The constant current charging current in S4 is 0.5C to 1.5C, until the state of charge (SOC) is 100%, where: The pulse process is as follows: Forward pulse, current 0.5C to 1.5C; charging time 120s to 360s; pause for 3s; repeat 10 times; reverse pulse, current 0.33C to 1C; charging time 30s to 60s; pause for 5s.
3. The manufacturing method of the in-situ solid-state battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The constant current discharge current in S5 is 0.5C to 1.0C; the constant current discharge is 25% to 50% DOD, and the ambient temperature is 25℃.
4. The method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Prepared by chemical transformation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside; S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. Adjust the ambient temperature of the batteries to T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries to 5% SOC with a current of 0.1C, and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to T2 of 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature of the solid-state battery to T3 (70℃), and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 120 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 0.33C for 30 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃, perform constant current discharge at 0.5C, and achieve a depth of discharge of 30% DOD.
5. The method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Prepared by chemical transformation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 70℃, use a positive pulse, current 0.5C; charging time 240s; rest for 3s; repeat 10 times; reverse pulse, current 0.33C; charging time 30s; rest for 5s; charge to 100% SOC, rest for 10min. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃; constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 45% DOD.
6. The method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Prepared by chemical transformation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 52% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 70℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 1.0C for 240 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 1.0C for 30 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃; constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 35% DOD.
7. The method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Prepared by chemical transformation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 150 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 80℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 120 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 0.5C for 60 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃; constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 30% DOD.
8. The method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Prepared by chemical transformation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 80 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 8% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 80℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 120 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 1.0C for 60 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃. Constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 50% DOD.
9. The method for manufacturing an in-situ solid-state battery as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Prepared by chemical transformation according to the following steps: S1. Take 10 semi-finished battery cells, inject them with conductive solution, polymer monomer and initiator, then encapsulate and set aside. S2. After the 10 solid-state batteries have been placed on the clamp, pressurize them to 150 kPa, and place them on the formation cabinet. At T1 of 45°C, charge the batteries with a constant current. First, charge the batteries to 5% SOC with a current of 0.1C and let them rest for 10 minutes. S3. Adjust the ambient temperature T2 of the battery to 60℃, let it rest for 120 minutes, charge it to 45% SOC with a current of 0.1C, let it rest for 30 minutes and then stop heating. S4. Adjust the ambient temperature T3 of the battery to 75℃, and use a positive pulse with a current of 0.5C for 360 seconds, followed by a 3-second rest period. Repeat this process 10 times. Then use a reverse pulse with a current of 0.5C for 60 seconds, followed by a 5-second rest period. Charge the battery to 100% SOC and let it rest for 10 minutes. S5. Adjust the ambient temperature of the battery to 25℃. Constant current discharge, current 0.5C, depth of discharge 30% DOD.
10. An in-situ solid-state battery, prepared by the formation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.